We investigated changes in primary schoolchildren's perceptions of the school climate amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and online learning shift. Data from the Modified-Delaware School Climate Survey-Student collected before (Time 1 (T1): October/November 2019) and during the pandemic's initial wave (Time 2 (T2): 12 months later) in Spain, Norway and Poland were analysed. In this repeat cross-sectional pre-post quasi-experimental study, we included a total of 1167 participants at T1 and 1209 participants at T2, ranging in age from 8 to 16 years and representing schoolchildren from fourth to last primary grades. Findings revealed a significant decline (overall OR = 0.80) in school climate perception across dimensions and countries during the pandemic's onset. Boys exhibited more negative perceptions than girls, particularly pronounced in Norway (OR = 0.59). Age also played a role, with a decline as students advanced in age, especially prominent in Poland (overall OR = 0.74). Our results emphasize the necessity of considering gender and age distinctions to enhance school climate during crises and proactively mitigate adverse effects on school climate.

Mari Gunnes; Sébastien Muller; Eva María Romera-Félix; Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska; Rocío Luque-González; Agata Wiza; Konstantinos Antypas. School climate during the COVID-19 pandemic in three European countries: A cross-sectional pre-post quasi experimental study. International Journal of Educational Research Open 2024, 7 .

Mari Gunnes, Sébastien Muller, Eva María Romera-Félix, Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska, Rocío Luque-González, Agata Wiza, Konstantinos Antypas. School climate during the COVID-19 pandemic in three European countries: A cross-sectional pre-post quasi experimental study. International Journal of Educational Research Open. 2024; 7 ():.

Mari Gunnes; Sébastien Muller; Eva María Romera-Félix; Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska; Rocío Luque-González; Agata Wiza; Konstantinos Antypas. 2024. "School climate during the COVID-19 pandemic in three European countries: A cross-sectional pre-post quasi experimental study." International Journal of Educational Research Open 7, no. : .

Gianluca Morciano; José Manuel Alcalde Llergo; Andrea Zingoni; Enrique Yeguas Bolívar; Juri Taborri; Giuseppe Calabrò. Use of recommendation models to provide support to dyslexic students. Expert Systems with Applications 2024, 249 .

Gianluca Morciano, José Manuel Alcalde Llergo, Andrea Zingoni, Enrique Yeguas Bolívar, Juri Taborri, Giuseppe Calabrò. Use of recommendation models to provide support to dyslexic students. Expert Systems with Applications. 2024; 249 ():.

Gianluca Morciano; José Manuel Alcalde Llergo; Andrea Zingoni; Enrique Yeguas Bolívar; Juri Taborri; Giuseppe Calabrò. 2024. "Use of recommendation models to provide support to dyslexic students." Expert Systems with Applications 249, no. : .

Pardis Jabbari; Alireza Najafi Chermahini; Rafael Luque; Antonio Pineda; Enrique-Rodríguez Castellón. Synthesis of Cu-doped TiO2 modified BiVO4 for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) of a model fuel. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2024, 452 .

Pardis Jabbari, Alireza Najafi Chermahini, Rafael Luque, Antonio Pineda, Enrique-Rodríguez Castellón. Synthesis of Cu-doped TiO2 modified BiVO4 for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) of a model fuel. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2024; 452 ():.

Pardis Jabbari; Alireza Najafi Chermahini; Rafael Luque; Antonio Pineda; Enrique-Rodríguez Castellón. 2024. "Synthesis of Cu-doped TiO2 modified BiVO4 for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) of a model fuel." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 452, no. : .