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N. Kanagaraj
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Wadi Addawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addwasir 11991, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) combined with a photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) system is proposed for voltage disturbance compensation in the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The PV-TEG hybrid energy source is used in the DVR system to improve the system ability for deep and long-period power quality disturbance compensation. In addition, the DVR will save grid energy consumption when the hybrid PV-TEG module generates sufficient power to meet the load demand. An enhanced variable factor adaptive fuzzy logic controller (VFAFLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme is proposed to extract the maximum possible power from the PV module. Since the PV and TEG combine a hybrid energy source for generating power, the DVR can work efficiently for the voltage sag/swell, outage compensation, and energy conservation mode with minimum energy storage facilities. The in-phase compensation method and the three-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) circuit are chosen in the present system for better voltage and/or power compensation. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid PV-TEG integrated DVR system, a simulation-based investigation is carried out with four different operational modes with MATLAB software. The study results confirm that the proposed DVR system can compensate power quality disturbances of the three-phase load with less total harmonics distortion (THD) and will also work efficiently under energy conservation mode to save grid energy consumption. Moreover, the proposed VFAFLC-based control technique performs better to achieve the maximum power point (MPP) quickly and accurately, thereby improving the efficiency of the hybrid energy module.

ACS Style

N. Kanagaraj; Hegazy Rezk. Dynamic Voltage Restorer Integrated with Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator for Voltage Disturbances Compensation and Energy Saving in Three-Phase System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3511 .

AMA Style

N. Kanagaraj, Hegazy Rezk. Dynamic Voltage Restorer Integrated with Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator for Voltage Disturbances Compensation and Energy Saving in Three-Phase System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Kanagaraj; Hegazy Rezk. 2021. "Dynamic Voltage Restorer Integrated with Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator for Voltage Disturbances Compensation and Energy Saving in Three-Phase System." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3511.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Sustainability
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In this paper, the design and performance investigation of the hybrid photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator (PV–TEG) system with an enhanced fractional order fuzzy logic controller (FOFLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is presented. A control strategy of the variable incremental conduction (INC) method is employed using FOFLC for the MPPT control technique to efficiently harvest the maximum power from the PV module. The fractional factor α used in the MPPT control algorithm is a supporting fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the accurate tracking of the maximum power point (MPP) and to maintain the constant output after reaching the MPP. In the proposed system configuration, the TEG is mounted with the PV panel for generating the extra electrical power using the waste heat energy produced on the PV panel due to the incident solar irradiation. The PV and TEG are connected electrically in series to increase output voltage level and thereby improve the power output. The hybrid energy module has better energy conversion efficiency when compared to the standalone PV array. The performance of the proposed MPPT technique is studied for the PV–TEG hybrid energy module under various thermal and electrical operating conditions using a MATLAB software-based simulation. The results of the FOFLC-based MPPT technique are compared with the conventional perturb and observe (P&O) and FLC-based P&O methods. The proposed MPPT technique confirms its effectiveness in extracting the maximum power in terms of speed and accuracy. Moreover, the PV and TEG combined system provides higher energy efficiency than the individual PV module.

ACS Style

Kanagaraj N. Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator Combined Hybrid Energy System with an Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Higher Energy Conversion Efficiency. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3144 .

AMA Style

Kanagaraj N. Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator Combined Hybrid Energy System with an Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Higher Energy Conversion Efficiency. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kanagaraj N. 2021. "Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator Combined Hybrid Energy System with an Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Higher Energy Conversion Efficiency." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3144.

Original article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology
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ACS Style

N. Kanagaraj. An Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Thermoelectric Generator Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 2021, 16, 1207 -1218.

AMA Style

N. Kanagaraj. An Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Thermoelectric Generator Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology. 2021; 16 (3):1207-1218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Kanagaraj. 2021. "An Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Thermoelectric Generator Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System." Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 16, no. 3: 1207-1218.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Energies
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Thermoelectric generation technology is considered to be one of the viable methods to convert waste heat energy directly into electricity. The utilization of this technology has been impeded due to low energy conversion efficiency. This paper aims to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) model with a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. A variable fractional order fuzzy logic controller (VFOFLC)-based MPPT technique is proposed in the present work in which the operating point of the TEG is moved quickly towards an optimal position to increase the energy harvesting. The fraction order term α, introduced in the MPPT algorithm, will expand or contract the input domain of the fuzzy logic controller (FLC to shorten the tracking time and maintain a steady-state output around the maximum power point (MPP). The performance of the proposed MPPT technique was verified with the TEG model by simulation using MATLAB /SIMULINK software. Then, the overall performance of the VFOFLC-based MPPT technique was analyzed and compared with Perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental resistance (INR)-based MPPT techniques. The obtained results confirm that the proposed MPPT technique can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the TEG by harvesting the maximum power within a shorter time and maintaining a steady-state output when compared to other techniques.

ACS Style

N. Kanagaraj; Hegazy Rezk; Mohamed R. Gomaa Behiri. A Variable Fractional Order Fuzzy Logic Control Based MPPT Technique for Improving Energy Conversion Efficiency of Thermoelectric Power Generator. Energies 2020, 13, 4531 .

AMA Style

N. Kanagaraj, Hegazy Rezk, Mohamed R. Gomaa Behiri. A Variable Fractional Order Fuzzy Logic Control Based MPPT Technique for Improving Energy Conversion Efficiency of Thermoelectric Power Generator. Energies. 2020; 13 (17):4531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Kanagaraj; Hegazy Rezk; Mohamed R. Gomaa Behiri. 2020. "A Variable Fractional Order Fuzzy Logic Control Based MPPT Technique for Improving Energy Conversion Efficiency of Thermoelectric Power Generator." Energies 13, no. 17: 4531.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2020 in Sustainability
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This research paper aimed to design and present a sensitivity analysis of a hybrid photovoltaic-fuel-cell-battery (PV/FC/B) system to supply a small community for the recently planned grand city NEOM in Saudi Arabia. The location of the city of NEOM is characterized by a high average level of solar irradiance. The average daily horizontal solar radiation is around 5.85 kWh/m2. A detailed feasibility and techno-economic evaluation of a PV/FC/B hybrid energy system were done to supply a daily load demand of 500 kWh (peak-35 kW). The PV array was the main source to meet the load demand. During the surplus periods, the battery was charged using extra energy and powered the electrolyzer for hydrogen production. The produced hydrogen was stored for later use. During the deficit periods, the FC and/or battery supported the PV array to meet the load demand. Two benchmarks, the cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC), were used to identify the best size of the PV/FC/B system. Variation of the tilt angle of the PV array and the derating factor were considered to determine the effect of the performance of the PV/FC/B system’s COE and NPC. The main findings confirmed that a 200 kW PV array, 40 kW FC, 96 batteries, 50 kW converter, 110 kW electrolyzer, and 50 kg hydrogen tank was the best option to supply the load demand. The values of total NPC and COE were $500,823 and $0.126/kWh. The annual excess energy was very sensitive to the declination angle of the PV array. The minimum annual excess energy was achieved at an angle of 30 degrees. It decreased by 75.7% and by 60.6% compared to a horizontal surface and 50 degrees of declination, respectively. To prove the viability of the proposed system, a comparison with grid extension along with a diesel generation system was carried out.

ACS Style

Hegazy Rezk; N. Kanagaraj; Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah. Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel-Cell-Battery System to Supply a Small Community at Saudi NEOM City. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3341 .

AMA Style

Hegazy Rezk, N. Kanagaraj, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah. Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel-Cell-Battery System to Supply a Small Community at Saudi NEOM City. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hegazy Rezk; N. Kanagaraj; Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah. 2020. "Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel-Cell-Battery System to Supply a Small Community at Saudi NEOM City." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3341.