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Prof. Eleni Tsiplakou
Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science

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0 Algae
0 antioxidants assays
0 ruminants nutrition
0 Antioxidant Capacity,
0 Immune System and Microbiome

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Antioxidant Capacity,
Immune System and Microbiome

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Short Biography

Dr. Eleni Tsiplakou is an Associate Professor at the Department of Animal Science, where she is teaching Ruminants Nutrition. She received her BSc., MSc., and PhD in Animal Nutrition from the Agricultural University of Athens and she conducted post-doctoral research at Reading University and at the Agricultural University of Athens. She has published 74 research papers in peer-reviewed journals so far, and 104 abstracts in national and international conferences. She was the principal investigator in four research projects and has participated in 23 research projects, 5 of which are funded by the EU.

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Cytokine
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Animals protect themselves against pathogens or abiotic factors by innate or adaptive mechanisms. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3) of microalgae modify both human and mice’ immune systems resulting in a beneficial balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. However, scarce information exists on their impact on lactating animals’ immunity. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary inclusion of Schizochytrium sp. (rich in docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid), on the expression of several genes involved in the innate immunity of goats. Twenty-four dairy goats were divided into four homogeneous sub-groups (n = 6). All goats were fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrate. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no microalgae while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g Schizochytrium sp. Monocytes and neutrophils were isolated from goats’ blood in the 20th, 40th, and 60th days from the beginning of the experimental period. The relative transcript levels of TLR4, MYD88, MAPK, IRF3, IFNG, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL2, IL8, TNF), and chemokines (CCL5 and CXCL16) were decreased in monocytes of microalgae treated goats compared to the CON. In contrast, MAPK and IL1B relative transcript levels were increased in neutrophils of ALG40 and ALG60 groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of goats’ diet with 20 g Schizochytrium sp. resulted in a downregulation of the pro-inflammatory transcriptions, and following further research could be considered as a sustainable alternative strategy to improve immune function.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Georgios Theodorou; Ioannis Politis; Eleni Tsiplakou. Schizochytrium sp. Dietary supplementation modify Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) transcriptional regulation in monocytes and neutrophils of dairy goats. Cytokine 2021, 148, 155588 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Georgios Theodorou, Ioannis Politis, Eleni Tsiplakou. Schizochytrium sp. Dietary supplementation modify Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) transcriptional regulation in monocytes and neutrophils of dairy goats. Cytokine. 2021; 148 ():155588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Georgios Theodorou; Ioannis Politis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Schizochytrium sp. Dietary supplementation modify Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) transcriptional regulation in monocytes and neutrophils of dairy goats." Cytokine 148, no. : 155588.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2021 in Antioxidants
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Vinification by-products display great potential for utilization as feed additives rich in antioxidant compounds. Thus, the effect of dietary ground grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract rich in yeast cell walls (WYC), and grape stem extracts (PE) on the relative expression of several genes involved in liver oxidative mechanisms and the oxidative status of the blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens was investigated. In total, 240 one-day-old as hatched chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to four treatments, with four replicate pens and 15 birds in each pen. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg GGP, or 2 g/kg WYC, or 1 g starch including 100 mg pure stem extract/kg (PE) for 42 days. The polyphenolic content of vinification by-products was determined using an LC-MS/MS library indicating as prevailing compounds procyanidin B1 and B2, gallic acid, caftaric acid, (+)-catechin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol. Body weight and feed consumption were not significantly affected. The relative transcript level of GPX1 and SOD1 tended to increase in the liver of WYC-fed broilers, while NOX2 tended to decrease in the PE group. SOD activity in blood plasma was significantly increased in WYC and PE compared to the CON group. The total antioxidant capacity measured with FRAP assay showed significantly higher values in the breast muscle of PE-fed broilers, while the malondialdehyde concentration was significantly decreased in both WYC- and PE-fed broilers compared to the CON group. The exploitation of vinification by-products as feed additives appears to be a promising strategy to improve waste valorization and supply animals with bioactive molecules capable of improving animals’ oxidative status and products’ oxidative stability.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Eleni D. Myrtsi; Epameinondas Evergetis; Katiana Filippi; Harris Papapostolou; Sofia D. Koulocheri; Evangelos Zoidis; Athanasios C. Pappas; Apostolis Koutinas; Serkos A. Haroutounian; Eleni Tsiplakou. Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification By-Products: A Valorization Approach. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1250 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Elisavet Giamouri, Eleni D. Myrtsi, Epameinondas Evergetis, Katiana Filippi, Harris Papapostolou, Sofia D. Koulocheri, Evangelos Zoidis, Athanasios C. Pappas, Apostolis Koutinas, Serkos A. Haroutounian, Eleni Tsiplakou. Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification By-Products: A Valorization Approach. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Eleni D. Myrtsi; Epameinondas Evergetis; Katiana Filippi; Harris Papapostolou; Sofia D. Koulocheri; Evangelos Zoidis; Athanasios C. Pappas; Apostolis Koutinas; Serkos A. Haroutounian; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification By-Products: A Valorization Approach." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1250.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2021 in Microorganisms
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With the aim to produce functional dairy products enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using feed supplements, radical changes could occur in the rumen microbiome. This work investigated the alterations of the rumen bacteriome of goats fed with PUFA-rich marine microalgae Schizochytrium spp. For the trial, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous clusters (six goats/treatment) according to their fat-corrected (4%) milk yield, body weight, and age; they were individually fed with alfalfa hay and a concentrate (F/C = 50/50). The concentrate of the control group (CON) contained no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 g (ALG60) of Schizochytrium spp./goat. Rumen fluid samples were collected using a stomach tube during the 20th and 40th days of the experiment. The microbiome analysis using a 16S rRNA sequencing platform revealed that Firmicutes were decreased in microalgae-fed goats, while Bacteroidetes showed a tendency to increase in the ALG40 group due to the enhancement of Prevotellaceae. Cellulolytic bacteria, namely Treponema bryantii, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens, were decreased in the ALG40 group, resulting in an overall decrease of cellulase activity. In contrast, the amylolytic potential was significantly enhanced due to an upsurge in Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum populations. In conclusion, supplementing goats’ diets with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. could be considered a sustainable and efficient nutritional strategy to modulate rumen microbiome towards the development of dairy products enriched with bioactive compounds, while higher levels induced substantial shifts in determinant microbes’ populations.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1528 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Dimitrios Skliros, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Eleni Tsiplakou. Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (7):1528.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp." Microorganisms 9, no. 7: 1528.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Foods
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Although the dietary inclusion level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio affect milk quality, their interaction has not been broadly studied. To address such gaps and limitations a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20 HF n = 11; high forage and 20 HG n = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g Schizochytrium spp./goat/day. The 20 HF group consumed a diet with F:C ratio 60:40 and the 20 HG-diet consisted of F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of Schizochytrium spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40 HF n = 11; high forage and 40 HG n = 11; high grain). Neither the Schizochytrium spp. supplementation levels (20 vs. 40) nor the F:C ratio (60:40 vs. 40:60) affected milk performance. The high microalgae level (40 g) in combination with high grain diet (40 HG) modified the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the ω3/ω6 ratio in milk, to a beneficial manner according to human health recommendation guidelines. However, the highest inclusion level of Schizochytrium spp. (40 g) and foremost in combination with the high grain diets (40 HG) induced an oxidative response as observed by the increased protein carbonyls (CP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in milk and blood plasma indicating severe limitations for a long-term, on-farm application. In conclusion, the supplementation with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. and high forage diet (60:40) appears to be an ideal formula to enrich dairy products with essential biomolecules for human health without adversely affect milk oxidative stability.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Charalampos Kamilaris; Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status. Foods 2021, 10, 1322 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Charalampos Kamilaris, Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Charalampos Kamilaris; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status." Foods 10, no. 6: 1322.

Review
Published: 14 May 2021 in Antioxidants
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The interest for safe and natural foods of animal origin is currently increasing the use of plant feed additives (PFA) as antioxidants in animal nutrition. However, studies with livestock animals dealing with PFA as antioxidants are scarce. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the antioxidant impact of PFA compared with synthetic vitamins on animal food product yield and quality. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2020 were collected. Most papers were carried out on ruminants (n = 13), but PFA were also tested in swine (n = 6) and rabbits (n = 2). The inclusion of PFA in the diets of pigs, rabbits, and ruminants improved the products’ quality (including organoleptic characteristics and fatty acids profile), oxidative stability, and shelf life, with some impacts also on their yields. The effects of PFA are diverse but often comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidant vitamin E, suggesting their potential as an alternative to this vitamin within the diet.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Massimo De Marchi; Federico Righi. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 780 .

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Rosario Pitino, Carmen Manuelian, Marica Simoni, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Massimo De Marchi, Federico Righi. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Massimo De Marchi; Federico Righi. 2021. "Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 780.

Review
Published: 11 May 2021 in Antioxidants
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Scientific evidence demonstrates that plant feed additives (PFA) can be a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidant vitamins in poultry nutrition. PFA are represented by plants, essential oils, plant extracts, and by-products from herbal or crop processing. The use of PFA in the feed industry has increased in recent years as their biologically active compounds (polyphenols) have demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant effects in food-producing animals. However, few trials have directly compared the effects of PFA with synthetic vitamins. After a systematic literature review of studies comparing the effects of PFA and synthetic vitamins on poultry products in the last 20 years (2000–2020), a total of 44 peer-reviewed articles were included in the present work. A positive effect of PFA on poultry products’ oxidative stability during storage, organoleptic characteristics, and fatty acids profile has been observed without a specific impact on their performances. The effects of PFA are variable but often similar to those of vitamin E, suggesting the opportunity for a partial substitution of the latter in poultry diets.

ACS Style

Rosario Pitino; Massimo De Marchi; Carmen Manuelian; Marion Johnson; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status of Poultry Products: A Review of the Literature of the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 757 .

AMA Style

Rosario Pitino, Massimo De Marchi, Carmen Manuelian, Marion Johnson, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status of Poultry Products: A Review of the Literature of the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosario Pitino; Massimo De Marchi; Carmen Manuelian; Marion Johnson; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status of Poultry Products: A Review of the Literature of the Last 20 Years." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 757.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Antioxidants
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There is limited information on the impact of dietary supplementation with separate rumen-protected (RP) amino acids (AA), or with their combination, on ewes’ oxidative status. Sixty ewes were divided into five groups; C: basal diet (control); M: basal diet + 6 g/ewe RP methionine; L: basal diet + 5 g/ewe RP lysine; LML: basal diet + 6 g methionine and 5 g lysine/ewe; and HML: basal diet + 12 g methionine + 5 g lysine/ewe. Milk’s fat content increased in RP-AA fed ewes, while that of protein in M and L only. In blood plasma, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced in the M, LML, and HML compared to C-fed ewes. An increase in glutathione transferase activity in the blood plasma of the M and LML compared to the C and HML-fed ewes were found. In milk, lower values of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in the LML and HML-fed ewes and of 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) in LML only, were found. Lysine increased milk’s FRAP values and MDA content. Both L and HML diets increased milk’s protein carbonyls content. Methionine improves the organism’s oxidative status, without adversely affecting milk’s oxidative stability. Lysine dietary inclusion affects negatively the oxidative stability of milk.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Paraskevi Kariampa; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 654 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Christos Christodoulou, Paraskevi Kariampa, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Paraskevi Kariampa; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 654.

Review
Published: 23 April 2021 in Antioxidants
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Plant feed additives (PFA) such as essential oils, extracts, and by-products from plant processing can be included in poultry diets. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles were selected from the literature published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) comparing PFA antioxidant effects with synthetic antioxidant vitamins (mainly vitamin E) in poultry nutrition. The PFA can be used as an effective nutritional strategy to face poultry’s oxidative stress with positive impact also on their productivity and efficiency. They can partially or completely replace antioxidant synthetic vitamins (the latter administered at doses between 150 and 500 mg/kg) in animal diets, sometimes affecting important physiological functions or expressing synergistic effect with the synthetic antioxidants. It is crucial to take into consideration the issues related to the absorption and the metabolism of these additives and their interaction with gut microbiota. However, some form- and dose-dependent negative effects on growth performances are observed.

ACS Style

Federico Righi; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Afro Quarantelli; Massimo De Marchi; Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 659 .

AMA Style

Federico Righi, Rosario Pitino, Carmen Manuelian, Marica Simoni, Afro Quarantelli, Massimo De Marchi, Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):659.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Righi; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Afro Quarantelli; Massimo De Marchi; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 659.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2021 in Livestock Science
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Microalgae rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as Schizochytrium sp., can be used in ruminant diets as feed additives to modify the rumen microbiome. However, limited in vivo studies exist dealing with their impact on the cellulolytic, methanogenic, and amylolytic microbes in the goat rumen. To address this gap, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous subgroups (n=6 per group). The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g Schizochytrium sp./goat. The results showed a significant decline in the relative abundances of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus in the rumen fluid of ALG40-fed goats; while Fibrobacter succinogenes and Streptococcus bovis were significantly decreased in the ALG60 group compared to the CON group. The relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter spp. were significantly decreased in microalgae-fed goats. The relative abundances of Methanobacterium formicicum and Archaea showed a significant reduction in ALG40 and ALG60 groups, while methanogens and Methanomassiliicoccales portrayed a tendency to decrease (P<0.10) in ALG20 and ALG40 groups compared to the CON group. In contrast, the relative abundance of Methanomicrobium mobile was significantly increased in the rumen of ALG60 goats. In conclusion, the supplementation of goat diets with 20 g Schizochytrium sp. might be considered an efficient nutritional strategy for methanogen inhibition in the rumen fluid, since selected methanogenic microbes were decreased, while rumen bacteria involved in feed fermentation were not considerably altered.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. Dose and time response of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. on the abundances of several microorganisms in the rumen liquid of dairy goats. Livestock Science 2021, 247, 104489 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Dimitrios Skliros, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Eleni Tsiplakou. Dose and time response of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. on the abundances of several microorganisms in the rumen liquid of dairy goats. Livestock Science. 2021; 247 ():104489.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Dose and time response of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. on the abundances of several microorganisms in the rumen liquid of dairy goats." Livestock Science 247, no. : 104489.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Antioxidants
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This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats’ oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were divided into five homogeneous groups, and were fed 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of concentrates daily. The control group (C) received a basal diet. In the concentrates of the treated groups, 10% of the soybean meal was replaced by sesame meal and no extra VitE or Se (SM), or an extra 60 mg of VitE (SME), or 0.1 mg organic Se (SMSe), or their combination (60 mg VitE and 0,1 mg organic Se/kg of concentrate (SMESe). In the plasma of the goats, the dietary treatments did not affect glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, or the total antioxidant capacity. A reduction and a trend for lower protein carbonyls content was found in goats fed SM (p = 0.03) and SME (p = 0.06) compared to SMESe. In the milk, the lactoperoxidase activity decreased with SMSe and SMESe. A numerical decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and an increase in the MDA content in the milk of the SMESe group compared with the other treated groups was found. In mid-lactation goats, SM improves the oxidative status of both the organism and the milk.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Chrysoula Karaiskou; Marica Simoni; Athanasios Pappas; Federico Righi; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Nikolaos Labrou. Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 392 .

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Chrysoula Karaiskou, Marica Simoni, Athanasios Pappas, Federico Righi, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Nikolaos Labrou. Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (3):392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Chrysoula Karaiskou; Marica Simoni; Athanasios Pappas; Federico Righi; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Nikolaos Labrou. 2021. "Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status." Antioxidants 10, no. 3: 392.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2021 in Livestock Science
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Whole sesame seeds (WSS), although rich in linoleic acid, have not been studied for their impact on the milk fatty acid (FA) profile. Twenty-four goats were divided into three homogeneous subgroups. A control (CON) group and treated groups, in which WSS were incorporated in the concentrates of the CON at 5% (WSS5) and 10% (WSS10), respectively, by partial substitution of both soybean meal and corn grain, were evaluated. Significant increases in the milk fat and total solids contents of goats fed the WSS10 diet compared with the CON were found. In the milk of WSS10-fed goats, the proportions of long-chain fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) were increased, while those of medium-chain fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were decreased compared with those of the CON group. Significant decreases in the proportions of short-chain fatty acids, in the SFA/UFA ratio and in the atherogenicity index value in milk of treated goats were observed. The proportions of C15:0 and C17:0 FAs in the blood plasma of WSS10-fed animals compared with CON-fed animals were reduced significantly. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased significantly in the blood plasma of WSS10-fed goats compared with CON-fed goats. Additionally, in the treated goats, the protein carbonyls (PC) in blood plasma and both PC and malondialdehyde contents in milk declined significantly. A significant enhancement in the total antioxidant capacity [measured by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)] in the milk of WSS10-fed goats compared with the CON was found. Similarly, an increase in the FRAP value of milk of WSS5-fed goats compared with CON-fed goats was observed. In conclusion, the highest inclusion level of WSS (WSS10) in goat diets improves the FA profile and the oxidative stability of milk and improves the organism's antioxidant status.

ACS Style

C. Mitsiopoulou; K. Sotirakoglou; N.E. Labrou; E. Tsiplakou. The effect of whole sesame seeds on milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in goats. Livestock Science 2021, 245, 104452 .

AMA Style

C. Mitsiopoulou, K. Sotirakoglou, N.E. Labrou, E. Tsiplakou. The effect of whole sesame seeds on milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in goats. Livestock Science. 2021; 245 ():104452.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Mitsiopoulou; K. Sotirakoglou; N.E. Labrou; E. Tsiplakou. 2021. "The effect of whole sesame seeds on milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in goats." Livestock Science 245, no. : 104452.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2021 in Animals
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Whole sesame seeds (WSS) are rich in both linoleic acid (LA) and lignans. However, their impact on the innate immunity of goats is not well studied. Twenty-four goats were divided into three homogeneous sub-groups; comprise one control (CON) and two treated (WWS5 and WWS10). In the treated groups, WSS were incorporated in the concentrates of the CON at 5 (WSS5) and 10% (WSS10) respectively, by partial substitution of both soybean meal and corn grain. The expression levels of MAPK1, IL6, TRIF, IFNG, TRAF3, and JUND genes in the neutrophils of WSS10 fed goats were reduced significantly compared with the CON. The same was found for the expression levels of IFNG and TRAF3 genes in the neutrophils of WSS5 fed goats. Both treated groups primarily affected the MYD88-independent pathway. The dietary supplementation of goats with WSS might be a good nutritional strategy to improve their innate immunity.

ACS Style

Christina Mitsiopoulou; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. The Impact of Whole Sesame Seeds on the Expression of Key-Genes Involved in the Innate Immunity of Dairy Goats. Animals 2021, 11, 468 .

AMA Style

Christina Mitsiopoulou, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Dimitrios Skliros, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Eleni Tsiplakou. The Impact of Whole Sesame Seeds on the Expression of Key-Genes Involved in the Innate Immunity of Dairy Goats. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christina Mitsiopoulou; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "The Impact of Whole Sesame Seeds on the Expression of Key-Genes Involved in the Innate Immunity of Dairy Goats." Animals 11, no. 2: 468.

Review
Published: 01 February 2021 in Antioxidants
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Mycotoxins appear to be the “Achilles’ heel” of the agriculture sector inducing enormous economic losses and representing a severe risk to the health of humans and animals. Although novel determination protocols have been developed and legislation has been implemented within Europe, the side effects of mycotoxins on the homeostatic mechanisms of the animals have not been extensively considered. Feed mycotoxin contamination and the effects on the antioxidant status of livestock (poultry, swine, and ruminants) are presented. The findings support the idea that the antioxidant systems in both monogastrics and ruminants are challenged under the detrimental effect of mycotoxins by increasing the toxic lipid peroxidation by-product malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibiting the activity of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The degree of oxidative stress is related to the duration of contamination, co-contamination, the synergetic effects, toxin levels, animal age, species, and productive stage. Since the damaging effects of MDA and other by-products derived by lipid peroxidation as well as reactive oxygen species have been extensively studied on human health, a more integrated monitoring mechanism (which will take into account the oxidative stability) is urgently required to be implemented in animal products.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Savvina Tavrizelou; Maria Zacharioudaki; George Danezis; Panagiotis Simitzis; Evangelos Zoidis; Eleni Tsiplakou; Athanasios Pappas; Constantinos Georgiou; Kostas Feggeros. Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals’ Oxidative Status. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 214 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Elisavet Giamouri, Savvina Tavrizelou, Maria Zacharioudaki, George Danezis, Panagiotis Simitzis, Evangelos Zoidis, Eleni Tsiplakou, Athanasios Pappas, Constantinos Georgiou, Kostas Feggeros. Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals’ Oxidative Status. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (2):214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Savvina Tavrizelou; Maria Zacharioudaki; George Danezis; Panagiotis Simitzis; Evangelos Zoidis; Eleni Tsiplakou; Athanasios Pappas; Constantinos Georgiou; Kostas Feggeros. 2021. "Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals’ Oxidative Status." Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 214.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Sustainability
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The aim of the present study, conducted under the ERA-NET ARIMNet2 Project (Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean Network), was to analyze the sheep and goat dairy sector and assess the quality and safety of milk at various stages of the dairy supply chain. The study took place in the north-west part of Greece; 52 farms, one milk collection center, and eight dairy processing companies participated. The results revealed that all farms had access to water and electricity, the majority of them had a license to operate, used non-organic milk, and employed family members. The price of milk was fairly unstable throughout the year. Two major dairy companies produced all year round while others seasonally. Products were sold in retail, wholesale, company-owned stores, and even by door-to-door delivery service. The analyzed milk samples were of good quality and safety. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis revealed the farmers’ determination to continue working in the sector despite milk prices and problems due to the shortage of cash. Local sheep and goat breeds may further be used due to the fact of their good adaptation to the environmental conditions. The future of the Greek dairy chain is promising despite high competition within and outside of the European Union.

ACS Style

Eleni Pappa; Efthymia Kondyli; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Loulouda Bosnea; Marios Mataragas; Lynda Allouche; Eleni Tsiplakou; Athanasios C. Pappas. Farmers Profile and Characterization of Sheep and Goat Dairy Chain in Northwestern Greece. Sustainability 2021, 13, 833 .

AMA Style

Eleni Pappa, Efthymia Kondyli, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Loulouda Bosnea, Marios Mataragas, Lynda Allouche, Eleni Tsiplakou, Athanasios C. Pappas. Farmers Profile and Characterization of Sheep and Goat Dairy Chain in Northwestern Greece. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):833.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Pappa; Efthymia Kondyli; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Loulouda Bosnea; Marios Mataragas; Lynda Allouche; Eleni Tsiplakou; Athanasios C. Pappas. 2021. "Farmers Profile and Characterization of Sheep and Goat Dairy Chain in Northwestern Greece." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 833.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Fat rich microorganisms, such as microalgae Schizochytrium spp., are potential biotechnological tools in the modulation of rumen microbiome towards ecofriendly and high nutritional value end-products. However, limited in vivo trials have been reported on the topic. The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge on the effect of fat rich microalgae on the methanogenic and feed degrading particle-associated microbes in goats’ rumen content. For the trial, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous clusters (six goats/treatment) according to their fat corrected (4%) milk yield, body weight and age and individually were fed with alfalfa hay and concentrate feeds (F/C = 50/50). The concentrate of the control group (CON) contained no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g of Schizochytrium spp./goat. The relative abundances of total Archaea, methanogens, Methanomassiliicoccales, Methanobrevibacter spp., Methanosphaera stadmanae and Methanobacterium formicicum were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in microalgae-fed goats compared to the CON ones. Moreover, a significant decline in the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrosolvents, and Neocallimastigales in the rumen particle-associated microbiota of microalgae supplemented goats were observed. In conclusion, goats’ diets supplementation with Schizochytrium spp., could be considered a sustainable nutritional strategy for methanogens inhibition in their rumen particle-associated microbiota.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. Alterations in the Rumen Particle-Associated Microbiota of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation Levels of Schizochytrium spp. Sustainability 2021, 13, 607 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Dimitrios Skliros, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Eleni Tsiplakou. Alterations in the Rumen Particle-Associated Microbiota of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation Levels of Schizochytrium spp. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Alterations in the Rumen Particle-Associated Microbiota of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation Levels of Schizochytrium spp." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 607.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Journal of Fungi
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This study evaluated the dietary administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae live yeast on milk performance and composition, oxidative status of both blood plasma and milk, and gene expression related to the immune system of lactating ewes during the peripartum period. Chios ewes were fed either a basal diet (BD) (Control, n = 51) or the BD supplemented with 2 g of a live yeast product/animal (ActiSaf, n = 53) from 6 weeks prepartum to 6 weeks postpartum. Fatty acid profile, oxidative, and immune status were assessed in eight ewes per treatment at 3 and 6 weeks postpartum. The β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration in blood of ActiSaf fed ewes was significantly lower in both pre- and postpartum periods. A numerical increase was found for the milk yield, fat 6% corrected milk (Fat corrected milk (FCM6%)), and energy corrected milk yield (ECM) in ActiSaf fed ewes, while daily milk fat production tended to increase. The proportions of C15:0, C16:1, C18:2n6t, and C18:3n3 fatty acids were increased in milk of ActiSaf fed ewes, while C18:0 was decreased. Glutathione reductase in blood plasma was increased (p = 0.004) in ActiSaf fed ewes, while total antioxidant capacity measured by 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method was decreased (p < 0.001). Higher ABTS values were found in the milk of the treated group. The relative transcript levels of CCL5, CXCL16, and IL8 were suppressed, while that of IL1B tended to decrease (p = 0.087) in monocytes of ActiSaf fed ewes. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of ewes with S. cerevisiae, improved the energy utilization and tended to enhance milk performance with simultaneous suppression on mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes during the peripartum period.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Dimitris Karabinas; Valentin Nenov; George Zervas; Eleni Tsiplakou. Dietary Supplementation of a Live Yeast Product on Dairy Sheep Milk Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status in Peripartum Period. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 334 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Christos Christodoulou, Dimitris Karabinas, Valentin Nenov, George Zervas, Eleni Tsiplakou. Dietary Supplementation of a Live Yeast Product on Dairy Sheep Milk Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status in Peripartum Period. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):334.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Dimitris Karabinas; Valentin Nenov; George Zervas; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2020. "Dietary Supplementation of a Live Yeast Product on Dairy Sheep Milk Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status in Peripartum Period." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 334.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Livestock Science
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Although sesame oil meal is rich in linoleic acid, and both selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VitE) protect prone-unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from oxidation, their influence on goats’ milk fatty acids (FAs) profile have not been studied. Thus, thirty dairy goats were divided into five groups and fed with alfalfa hay and concentrates. Two types of concentrates were used; one for the control (CON) and another for the treated groups. In the concentrate of the treated groups which contained sesame oil meal, apart from the quantities of VitE and Se included in the trace mineral-vitamin premix, either no extra VitE and Se (SOM) or extra 60 mg of VitE/Kg of concentrate (SOME), or 0.1 mg organic Se/Kg of concentrate (SOMSe) or its combination (60 mg of VitE and 0.1 mg organic Se/Kg of concentrate) (SOMESe) were incorporated. In blood plasma, the proportion of C14:0 reduced significantly in the SOME-fed goats compared with CON-fed goats while that of C16:0 reduced significantly in those goats fed the SOM, SOMSe, SOMESe diets. The proportions of medium-chain FAs (MCFA) and saturated FAs (SFA), and the atherogenicity index value reduced significantly in the milk of treated animals. Significant was also the decline in the SFA/UFA ratio in the milk of goats fed with the SOM, SOME and SOMESe diets. On the contrary, the proportions of long-chain FAs in the milk of SOM and SOMESe fed goats increased significantly. A significant increase in the proportions of UFA in the milk of SOME and SOMESe-fed goats and in the proportions of MUFA in those goats fed the SOM, SOME and SOMESe diets was found. In conclusion, the SOMESe diet can be considered as the most effective nutritional strategy to affect positively the goats’ milk FAs profile since the sharpest modifications in the aforementioned FAs were observed with this dietary treatment.

ACS Style

C. Mitsiopoulou; C. Karaiskou; M. Simoni; F. Righi; A.C. Pappas; K. Sotirakoglou; E. Tsiplakou. Influence of dietary sesame meal, vitamin E and selenium supplementation on milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile in dairy goats. Livestock Science 2020, 244, 104336 .

AMA Style

C. Mitsiopoulou, C. Karaiskou, M. Simoni, F. Righi, A.C. Pappas, K. Sotirakoglou, E. Tsiplakou. Influence of dietary sesame meal, vitamin E and selenium supplementation on milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile in dairy goats. Livestock Science. 2020; 244 ():104336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Mitsiopoulou; C. Karaiskou; M. Simoni; F. Righi; A.C. Pappas; K. Sotirakoglou; E. Tsiplakou. 2020. "Influence of dietary sesame meal, vitamin E and selenium supplementation on milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile in dairy goats." Livestock Science 244, no. : 104336.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Journal of Dairy Research
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Mammary tissue (MT) turnover is characterized by programed cell death and remodeling which might be affected by both feeding level and animal species. Thus, twenty-four dairy goats and the same number of sheep were assigned to three homogenous sub-groups per animal species and fed the same diet in quantities which met 70% (FL70), 100% (FL100) and 130% (FL130) of their daily energy and crude protein requirements. Individual MT samples were taken by biopsy from the animals on the 30th and 60th experimental day. The results showed, in the first sampling time, a significant reduction in the mRNA abundance for selected genes involved in programed cell death in both FL 70 fed goats (STAT3 and BECN1) and sheep (CASPASE8 and BECN1) compared with the respective FL100 groups. The FL130, in comparison with the FL100, caused a significant increase in transcripts accumulation of STAT3 gene in both sampling times and CASPASE8 gene in the second sampling time in goat MT, while the opposite happened for the mRNA expression of CASPASE8 and BECN1 genes in sheep MT, but only in the first sampling time. Moreover, a significant up regulation in the mRNA levels of MMP2 gene in MT of FL130 fed sheep was observed. The FL130, in comparison with the FL70, caused an enhancement in the mRNA expression levels of BECN1, CASPASE8, BAX and STAT3 genes in goat MT only. It was also shown that apoptosis and autophagy can be affected simultaneously by the feeding level. Overfeeding affects MT programed cell death and remodeling by a completely different way in goats than sheep. In conclusion, feeding level and animal species have strong effects on both MT programed cell death (apoptosis and autophagy) and remodeling but the molecular mechanisms need further investigation.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Dimitrios Skliros; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Emmanouil Flemetakis. Feeding level regulates the expression of some genes involved with programed cell death and remodeling in goat and sheep mammary tissue. Journal of Dairy Research 2020, 87, 448 -455.

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Dimitrios Skliros, Alexandros Mavrommatis, Emmanouil Flemetakis. Feeding level regulates the expression of some genes involved with programed cell death and remodeling in goat and sheep mammary tissue. Journal of Dairy Research. 2020; 87 (4):448-455.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Dimitrios Skliros; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Emmanouil Flemetakis. 2020. "Feeding level regulates the expression of some genes involved with programed cell death and remodeling in goat and sheep mammary tissue." Journal of Dairy Research 87, no. 4: 448-455.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Small Ruminant Research
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Microalgae, have gained significant attention as a source of beneficial biomolecules such as long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and are considered to be an effective strategy to enhance ruminant milk with PUFA. However, milk fatty acids (FA) profile is affected by ruminant biohydrogenation process and consequently by possible adaptations of rumen microbiome related with the duration of diet supplementation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate a long-term response of dietary inclusion of microalgae Schizochytrium sp., at three different levels with moderate forage to concentrate ratio (50/50) on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile of both goats’ blood plasma and milk. For this purpose, twenty-four dairy goats were divided into four homogeneous sub-groups. All the goats were fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates. The concentrates of the control group (CON) had no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40) and 60 (ALG60) g Schizochytrium sp./kg concentrates. The mean milk yield was not affected, while the fat content was decreased in ALG40 and ALG60 groups, compared with the CON and ALG20 ones. In blood plasma the proportions of C16:0, C18:0, cis-9 C18:1 and C18:2n6c decreased (P < 0.05), while those of trans-11 C18:1, C20:3n3, C22:2n6, C22:5n6 and C22:6n3 were increased in the microalgae treated groups compared with the CON. The proportions of C14:0, C16:0, trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, cis-9, trans-11 C18:2, trans-10, cis-12 C18:2, C22:6n-3 (DHA), C22:5n-6 (DPA) and the total n-3 fatty acids were increased significantly in the milk of treated goats, while those of C18:0, cis-9 C18:1 and C18:2n6c were decreased. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of 20 g Schizochytrium sp./goat/day, combined with a forage to concentrate ratio of 50/50, enhances the PUFA of goats’ milk without negative effects on its chemical composition.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Eleni Tsiplakou. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats. Small Ruminant Research 2020, 193, 106252 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Eleni Tsiplakou. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats. Small Ruminant Research. 2020; 193 ():106252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2020. "The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats." Small Ruminant Research 193, no. : 106252.

Research article
Published: 14 May 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Rumen protected amino acids inclusion in ewes’ diets has been proposed to enhance their innate immunity. The objective of this work was to determine the impact of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine or lysine, as well as with a combination of these amino acids in two different ratios, on the expression of selected key-genes (NLRs, MyD88, TRIF, MAPK-1, IRF-3, JunD, TRAF-3, IRF-5, IL-1α, IL-10, IKK-α, STAT-3 and HO-1). Thus, sixty Chios dairy ewes (Ovis aries) were assigned to one of the following five dietary treatments (12 animals/ treatment): A: basal diet consist of concentrates, wheat straw and alfalfa hay (control group); B: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine; C: basal diet + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine; D: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine and E: basal diet +12.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine. The results revealed a significant downregulation of relative transcript level of the IL-1α gene in the neutrophils of C and in monocytes of D ewes compared with the control. Significantly lower mRNA transcript accumulation was also observed for the MyD88 gene in the neutrophils of ewes fed with lysine only (C). The mRNA relative expression levels of JunD gene were highly induced in the monocytes, while those of IL-10 and HO-1 genes were declined in the neutrophils of ewes fed with the C and D diets compared with the control. Lower transcript levels of STAT-3 gene were observed in the neutrophils of ewes fed with either C or with E diets in comparison with the control. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dietary supplementation of ewes with rumen-protected amino acids, down regulate the expression of some genes involved in the pro-inflammatory signalling.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis. The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0233192 .

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Alexandros Mavrommatis, Dimitrios Skliros, Federico Righi, Emmanouil Flemetakis. The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0233192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis. 2020. "The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5: e0233192.