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To date, the management of high-strength wastewater represents a serious problem. This work aims to evaluate the performance on chemical pollutants and on sludge production of one of the two full-scale thermophilic membrane bioreactors (ThMBRs) currently operational in Italy, based on monitoring data of the last two and a half years. Removal yields on COD, N-NOx, non-ionic and anionic surfactants (TAS and MBAS), increased with the input load up to 81.9%, 97.6%, 94.7%, and 98.4%, respectively. In the period of stability, a very low value of sludge production (0.052 kgVS kgCOD−1) was observed. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests allowed us to exclude the possibility that mesophilic biomass generally exhibited any acute inhibition following contact with the aqueous residues (ARs), except for substrates that presented high concentrations of perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS), cyanides and chlorides. In one case, nitrifying activity was partially inhibited by high chlorides and PFAS concentration, while in another the substrate determined a positive effect, stimulating the phenomenon of nitrification. Nitrogen uptake rate (NUR) tests highlighted the feasibility of reusing the organic carbon contained in the substrate as a source in denitrification, obtaining a value comparable with that obtained using the reference solution with methanol. Therefore, respirometric tests proved to be a valid tool to assess the acute effect of AR of ThMBR on the activity of mesophilic biomass in the case of recirculation.
Maria Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Caccamo; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà. Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity. Water 2021, 13, 1754 .
AMA StyleMaria Collivignarelli, Marco Carnevale Miino, Francesca Caccamo, Marco Baldi, Alessandro Abbà. Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity. Water. 2021; 13 (13):1754.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Caccamo; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà. 2021. "Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity." Water 13, no. 13: 1754.
This research aimed to identify a tool to objectively analyse the performance and the environmental contextualization of sewer systems (SwSs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This procedure performs assessment by calculating performance indices which could be subsequently applied to SwSs and WWTPs with different characteristics. The proposed tool can be applied conveniently over the years by managers of integrated urban water management systems for the analysis of different realities also allowing the evaluation of the effects of upgrades carried out during the management phases. The proposed analysis allows the optimization of SwSs and can profitably guide the choice and the priority among possible interventions for the sewerage infrastructure and WWTPs providing a a verification and evaluation protocol as well as a financial planning tool. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Sara Todeschini; Alessandro Abbà; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Fabio Conti; Giacomo Cillari; Silvia Calatroni; Giuseppe Lumia; Giorgio Bertanza. The performance evaluation of wastewater service: a protocol based on performance indicators applied to sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants. Environmental Technology 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Sara Todeschini, Alessandro Abbà, Paola Ricciardi, Marco Carnevale Miino, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada, Fabio Conti, Giacomo Cillari, Silvia Calatroni, Giuseppe Lumia, Giorgio Bertanza. The performance evaluation of wastewater service: a protocol based on performance indicators applied to sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants. Environmental Technology. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Sara Todeschini; Alessandro Abbà; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Fabio Conti; Giacomo Cillari; Silvia Calatroni; Giuseppe Lumia; Giorgio Bertanza. 2021. "The performance evaluation of wastewater service: a protocol based on performance indicators applied to sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants." Environmental Technology , no. : 1-18.
Phosphorus depletion represents a significant problem. Ash of incinerated biological sewage sludge (BSS) contains P, but the presence of heavy metals (e.g., Fe and Al) is the main issue. Based on chemical characterization by SEM-EDS, ED-XRF and ICP-OES techniques, the characteristics and P content of bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) of incinerated BSS were very similar. On BA, P extraction carried out in counter- current with an S:L ratio of 1:10 and H2SO4 0.5 M led to better extraction yields than those of a similar test with H2SO4 1 M and an S:L ratio of 1:5 (93% vs. 86%). Comparing yields with H2SO4 0.5 M (S:L ratio of 1:10), the counter-current method gave better results than those of the crossflow method (93% vs. 83.9%), also improving the performance obtained with HCl in crossflow (93% vs. 89.3%). The results suggest that the purification of the acid extract from heavy metals with pH variation was impractical due to metal precipitation as phosphates. Extraction with H2SO4 and subsequent treatment with isoamyl alcohol represented the best option to extract and purify P, leading to 81% extraction yields of P with low amounts of metals.
Marco Baldi; Andrea Martinotti; Sabrina Sorlini; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Maria Collivignarelli. Extraction and Purification of Phosphorus from the Ashes of Incinerated Biological Sewage Sludge. Water 2021, 13, 1102 .
AMA StyleMarco Baldi, Andrea Martinotti, Sabrina Sorlini, Ioannis Katsoyiannis, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Maria Collivignarelli. Extraction and Purification of Phosphorus from the Ashes of Incinerated Biological Sewage Sludge. Water. 2021; 13 (8):1102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Baldi; Andrea Martinotti; Sabrina Sorlini; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Maria Collivignarelli. 2021. "Extraction and Purification of Phosphorus from the Ashes of Incinerated Biological Sewage Sludge." Water 13, no. 8: 1102.
Northern Italy was the most affected by CoViD-19 compared to other Italian areas and comprises zones where air pollutants concentration was higher than in the rest of Italy. The aim of the research is to determine if particulate matter (PM) has been the primary cause of the high CoViD-19 spread rapidity in some areas of Northern Italy. Data of PM for all the 41 studied cities were collected from the local environmental protection agencies. To compare air quality data with epidemiological data, a statistical analysis was conducted identifying the correlation matrices of Pearson and Spearman, considering also the possible incubation period of the disease. Moreover, a model for the evaluation of the epidemic risk, already proposed in literature, was used to evaluate a possible influence of PM on CoViD-19 spread rapidity. The results exclude that PM alone was the primary cause of the high CoVid-19 spread rapidity in some areas of Northern Italy. Further developments are necessary for a better comprehension of the influence of atmospheric pollution parameters on the rapidity of spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, since a synergistic action with other factors (such as meteorological, socio-economic and cultural factors) could not be excluded by the present study. Graphical abstract
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Marco Baldi; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino. Can particulate matter be identified as the primary cause of the rapid spread of CoViD-19 in some areas of Northern Italy? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 33120 -33132.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Giorgio Bertanza, Roberta Pedrazzani, Marco Baldi, Paola Ricciardi, Marco Carnevale Miino. Can particulate matter be identified as the primary cause of the rapid spread of CoViD-19 in some areas of Northern Italy? Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (25):33120-33132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Marco Baldi; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino. 2021. "Can particulate matter be identified as the primary cause of the rapid spread of CoViD-19 in some areas of Northern Italy?" Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 25: 33120-33132.
To keep its leading role, the concrete industry must face the environmental issues linked to the manufacturing, by increasing the energy efficiency and adopting alternative fuels or raw materials. The present work analyses physical, mechanical, and environmental performances of concrete products incorporating waste from four main sources (construction and demolition waste, residues from waste treatment, metallurgical industry by-products and other sources), as substitutes of one of the three main components of concrete (binder, admixtures and water). The binder is the easiest component to be replaced in terms of number of alternatives, with the highest impact on concrete properties, while water easily reaches a full replacement level. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) showed the highest potential for the overall performance, with positive effects on compressive strength, durability, and workability of concrete samples, along with electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and ceramic powder.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Giacomo Cillari; Paola Ricciardi. A review on alternative binders, admixtures and water for the production of sustainable concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 295, 126408 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Giacomo Cillari, Paola Ricciardi. A review on alternative binders, admixtures and water for the production of sustainable concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 295 ():126408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Giacomo Cillari; Paola Ricciardi. 2021. "A review on alternative binders, admixtures and water for the production of sustainable concrete." Journal of Cleaner Production 295, no. : 126408.
Recently, among AOPs, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) on TiO2 is gaining interest. In this study, five different real waters sampled in four different points of the integrated urban water management (IUWM) system were tested with PEC and UV alone, for comparison. This work aims to verify the effect of the PEC suggesting the optimal position in IUWM system where the PEC should be located to obtain the best performance. In groundwaters (GWs), PEC effectively removed atrazine-based compounds (> 99%), trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene (96%), after 15 min of reaction time. However, given the low concentrations of emerging compounds, the synergistic effect of UV radiation with the catalyst and with the polarization of the mesh was not visible, with very few differences compared with the results obtained with UV alone. Pharmaceutical industrial wastewater (IWW) showed a significant increase in biodegradability after 2 h, both if subjected to PEC or UV (200%), despite the absence of COD removal. The PEC applied on IWW from a sewage sludge treatment plant allowed to effectively remove the COD (39.6%) and increase the biodegradability (300%). Good results in terms of COD removal (33.9%) and biodegradability increase (+900%) were also achieved testing PEC on wastewater treatment plant effluent. Except for GWs, PEC allowed significant E EO savings respect to UV alone (76.2–99.1%).
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Giorgio Bertanza; Sabrina Sorlini; Silvestro Damiani; Hamed Arab; Massimiliano Bestetti; Silvia Franz. Photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2 meshes: different applications in the integrated urban water management. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Giorgio Bertanza, Sabrina Sorlini, Silvestro Damiani, Hamed Arab, Massimiliano Bestetti, Silvia Franz. Photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2 meshes: different applications in the integrated urban water management. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Giorgio Bertanza; Sabrina Sorlini; Silvestro Damiani; Hamed Arab; Massimiliano Bestetti; Silvia Franz. 2021. "Photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2 meshes: different applications in the integrated urban water management." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-10.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can have harmful effects on human health and can act as a precursor for the formation of other air pollutants in urban environment such as secondary PM2.5 and ozone. The lockdown measures for CoViD-19 allowed to simulate on a large scale the massive and prolonged reduction of road traffic (the main source for NO2 in urban environment). This work aims to selectively assess the maximum impact that total traffic blocking measures can have on NO2. For this reason, three megacities (London, Milan and Paris) were chosen which had similar characteristics in terms of climatic conditions, population, policies of urban traffic management and lockdown measures. 52 air quality control units have been used to compare data measured in lockdown and in the same periods of previous years, highlighting a significant decrease in NO2 concentration due to traffic (London: 71.1 % - 80.8 %; Milan: 8.6 % - 42.4 %; Paris: 65.7 % - 79.8 %). In 2020 the contribution of traffic in London, Milan and Paris dropped to 3.3 ± 1.3 μg m−3, 6.1 ± 0.8 μg m−3, and 13.4 ± 1.5 μg m−3, respectively. Despite the significant reduction in the NO2 concentration, in UT stations average NO2 concentrations higher than 40 μg m−3 were registered for several days. In order to reduce the pollution, the limitation of road traffic could be not enough, but a vision also aimed at rethink the vehicles and their polluting effects should be developed.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Claudio De Rose; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Baldi; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Sabrina Sorlini; Marco Carnevale Miino. Analysis of lockdown for CoViD-19 impact on NO2 in London, Milan and Paris: What lesson can be learnt? Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020, 146, 952 -960.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Claudio De Rose, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Baldi, Giorgio Bertanza, Roberta Pedrazzani, Sabrina Sorlini, Marco Carnevale Miino. Analysis of lockdown for CoViD-19 impact on NO2 in London, Milan and Paris: What lesson can be learnt? Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2020; 146 ():952-960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Claudio De Rose; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Baldi; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Sabrina Sorlini; Marco Carnevale Miino. 2020. "Analysis of lockdown for CoViD-19 impact on NO2 in London, Milan and Paris: What lesson can be learnt?" Process Safety and Environmental Protection 146, no. : 952-960.
Among the critical issues that prevent the reuse of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents in a circular economy perspective, the microbiological component plays a key role causing infections and diseases. To date, the use of conventional chemical oxidants (e.g., chlorine) represent the main applied process for wastewater (WW) disinfection following a series of operational advantages. However, toxicity linked to the production of highly dangerous disinfection by-products (DBPs) has been widely demonstrated. Therefore, in recent years, there is an increasing attention to implement sustainable processes, which can simultaneously guarantee the microbiological quality of the WWs treated and the protection of both humans and the environment. This review focuses on treatments based on ultraviolet radiation (UV) alone or in combination with other processes (sonophotolysis, photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis with both natural and artificial light) without the dosage of chemical oxidants. The strengths of these technologies and the most significant critical issues are reported. To date, the use of synthetic waters in laboratory tests despite real waters, the capital and operative costs and the limited, or absent, experience of full-scale plant management (especially for UV-based combined processes) represent the main limits to their application on a larger scale. Although further in-depth studies are required to ensure full applicability of UV-based combined processes in WWTPs for reuse of their purified effluents, excellent prospects are presented thanks to an absent environmental impact in terms of DBPs formation and excellent disinfection yields of microorganisms (in most cases higher than 3-log reduction).
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Sabrina Sorlini. Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 77 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada, Sabrina Sorlini. Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Sabrina Sorlini. 2020. "Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 77.
The depletion of nitrogen and phosphorus represents a significant problem. Two real high strength wastewaters were treated by Thermophilic Aerobic Membrane Reactor (TAMR), an advanced biological process, obtaining significant removal of pollutants. Unlike the previous works, this paper does not focus on the optimization of the performance of the TAMR, but it studied the possible reuses of liquid (permeate) and solid (biological excess sludge) matrices to recover organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and promote a circular economy model. The high nitrogen content of permeate can be exploited stripping ammonia with performances higher than 80% in best conditions to produce ammonium sulphate (useful as fertilizer). Moreover, the respiromeric tests demonstrated that permeate can be used in conventional active sludge systems as external source of organic carbon granting similar denitrification rate as methanol. In the sludge residue extracted from TAMR a significant presence of organic carbon and phosphorus (as hydroxyapatite) were revealed demonstrating the feasibility of recover this residue in land application. A preliminary management costs estimation showed that TAMR, coupled with a stripping and adsorption system to recover nutrients, is economically sustainable.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Giorgio Bertanza; Marco Baldi; Massimo Setti; Andrea Frattarola; Marco Carnevale Miino. Treatment of high strength wastewater by thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor and possible valorisation of nutrients and organic carbon in its residues. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 280, 124404 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Giorgio Bertanza, Marco Baldi, Massimo Setti, Andrea Frattarola, Marco Carnevale Miino. Treatment of high strength wastewater by thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor and possible valorisation of nutrients and organic carbon in its residues. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 280 ():124404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Giorgio Bertanza; Marco Baldi; Massimo Setti; Andrea Frattarola; Marco Carnevale Miino. 2020. "Treatment of high strength wastewater by thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor and possible valorisation of nutrients and organic carbon in its residues." Journal of Cleaner Production 280, no. : 124404.
The concrete industry is a core element of the building sector, but it has to deal with the increasing attention on the environmental issues related to the production process: increasing energy efficiency and the adoption of alternative fuels or raw materials represent the most relevant solutions. The present work analyses physical, mechanical, and environmental performances of concrete incorporating residues derived from four main sources (construction and demolition waste, residues from waste treatment, metallurgical industry by-products, and others), as substitutes of either fine or coarse aggregates. Fine aggregates showed the highest number of alternatives and replacement level, with the relevant impact on concrete properties; coarse aggregates, however, always reach a complete replacement, with the exclusion of glass that highly affects the mechanical performance. Construction and metallurgical industry categories are the main sources of alternative materials for both the components, with ceramic and lead slag reaching a full replacement for fine and coarse aggregates.
Maria Collivignarelli; Giacomo Cillari; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Rada; Alessandro Abbà. The Production of Sustainable Concrete with the Use of Alternative Aggregates: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7903 .
AMA StyleMaria Collivignarelli, Giacomo Cillari, Paola Ricciardi, Marco Miino, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Rada, Alessandro Abbà. The Production of Sustainable Concrete with the Use of Alternative Aggregates: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7903.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Collivignarelli; Giacomo Cillari; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Rada; Alessandro Abbà. 2020. "The Production of Sustainable Concrete with the Use of Alternative Aggregates: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7903.
As for the SARS coronavirus in the 2003 epidemic, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated in faeces and, in some cases, urine of infected people, as well as in wastewater. This paper proposes a critical review of the state of the art regarding studies on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and sewage sludge, the factors affecting its inactivation and the main proposed treatments. In-vitro tests demonstrated low resistance of SARS-CoV-2 to high temperature, while even significant changes in pH would not seem to determine the disappearance of the virus. In real wastewater and in sewage sludge, to date studies on the influence of the different parameters on the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 are not available. Therefore, studies involving other HCoVs such as SARS-CoV and HCoV-229E have been also considered, in order to formulate a hypothesis regarding its behaviour in sewage and throughout the steps of biological treatments in WWTPs. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater might track the epidemic trends: although being extremely promising, an effective and wide application of this approach requires a deeper knowledge of the amounts of viruses excreted through the faeces and the actual detectability of viral RNA in sewage.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Carlo Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Alessandro Abbà; Roberta Pedrazzani; Giorgio Bertanza. SARS-CoV-2 in sewer systems and connected facilities. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020, 143, 196 -203.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Carlo Collivignarelli, Marco Carnevale Miino, Alessandro Abbà, Roberta Pedrazzani, Giorgio Bertanza. SARS-CoV-2 in sewer systems and connected facilities. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2020; 143 ():196-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Carlo Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Alessandro Abbà; Roberta Pedrazzani; Giorgio Bertanza. 2020. "SARS-CoV-2 in sewer systems and connected facilities." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 143, no. : 196-203.
Northern Italian regions have been the most affected from CoViD-19 compared to other Italian areas and are also the zones where air pollutants concentration has been higher than in the rest of Italy. The aim of the research is analysing possible correlations between air pollutants PM10 and PM2.5 and the rapidity of the spread of the infection caused by CoViD-19 in Northern Italy. PM10 and PM2.5 data for all the 41 studied cities were collected from the local environmental protection agencies. In order to compare air quality data with epidemiological data (Td), a statistical analysis was conducted identifying the correlation matrices of Pearson and Spearman, considering the possible incubation period of the disease. The results exclude a strong direct correlation between PM in the air and the diffusion rate of CoViD-19. Further developments are necessary for a better comprehension of the influence of atmospheric pollution parameters on the rapidity of spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, since a synergistic action with other factors, such as meteorological factors, could not be excluded.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Marco Baldi; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino. CoViD-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Did particulate matter really play a key role? 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Giorgio Bertanza, Roberta Pedrazzani, Marco Baldi, Paola Ricciardi, Marco Carnevale Miino. CoViD-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Did particulate matter really play a key role? . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Marco Baldi; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino. 2020. "CoViD-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Did particulate matter really play a key role?" , no. : 1.
As for the SARS coronavirus in the 2003 epidemic, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated in faeces and, in some cases, urine of infected people, as well as in wastewater. This paper proposes a critical review of the state of the art regarding studies on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and sewage sludge, the factors affecting its inactivation and the main proposed treatments, with the aim to provide useful information at operative level in order to better and safer manage wastewater and sewage sludge. Given the lack of literature on SARS-CoV-2, studies involving other HCoVs such as SARS-CoV and HCoV-229E have been also considered. In wastewater, the resistance of SARS-CoV has proven to be very limited, especially at temperatures above 20 °C, and the virus has been easily removed with the use of chlorine (> 0.5 mg L−1 for 30 min). For sewage sludge, based on in vitro experiments, it is suggested to increase the retention times before a possible reuse in agriculture only for precautionary purposes, since SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to occur in the sludge. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater might track the epidemic trends: although being extremely promising, an effective and wide application of this approach requires a deeper knowledge of the amounts of viruses excreted through the faeces and the actual detectability of viral RNA in sewage.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Carlo Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Alessandro Abbà; Roberta Pedrazzani; Giorgio Bertanza. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Carlo Collivignarelli, Marco Carnevale Miino, Alessandro Abbà, Roberta Pedrazzani, Giorgio Bertanza. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Carlo Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Alessandro Abbà; Roberta Pedrazzani; Giorgio Bertanza. 2020. "SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants." , no. : 1.
The presence of hydrodynamic anomalies (HAs) in biological reactor reduces pollutants removal yields and increases management costs. This work aims to study the hydrodynamic behaviour of biological reactors of a real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in order to detect the presence of hydrodynamic anomalies (dead volume and bypass). The identification and the localization of these anomalies were conducted by an integrated residence time distribution (RTD) analysis - computational fluid dynamic (CFD) numerical analysis. From the results of the RTD analysis a dead volume of 30% was quantified without bypass. The three-dimensional CFD model revealed a dead volume inside the oxidation/nitrification tank equal to 10% located downstream of the baffle wall. Employing the RTD-CFD integrated analysis approach, the size of dead volume located in the denitrification reactor was quantified as equal to 60%. RTD analysis allowed for the quantification of the HAs while CFD analysis provided for the position of the HAs with reliable accuracy. RTD-CFD integrated approach is a preparatory tool for planning any corrective actions in a focused way in order to use all the volume of the reactor, maximizing the efficiency of the treatment processes, minimizing management costs and reducing the consumption of energy.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Sauro Manenti; Sara Todeschini; Enrico Sperone; Gino Cavallo; Alessandro Abbà. Identification and Localization of Hydrodynamic Anomalies in a Real Wastewater Treatment Plant by an Integrated Approach: RTD-CFD Analysis. Environmental Processes 2020, 7, 563 -578.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Marco Carnevale Miino, Sauro Manenti, Sara Todeschini, Enrico Sperone, Gino Cavallo, Alessandro Abbà. Identification and Localization of Hydrodynamic Anomalies in a Real Wastewater Treatment Plant by an Integrated Approach: RTD-CFD Analysis. Environmental Processes. 2020; 7 (2):563-578.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Sauro Manenti; Sara Todeschini; Enrico Sperone; Gino Cavallo; Alessandro Abbà. 2020. "Identification and Localization of Hydrodynamic Anomalies in a Real Wastewater Treatment Plant by an Integrated Approach: RTD-CFD Analysis." Environmental Processes 7, no. 2: 563-578.
Sludge recovery/disposal represents one of the most crucial aspects related to the management of wastewater treatment plants. The most widely diffused technology for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters is the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, which is characterized by a relatively high excess sludge production. Different technical solutions are proposed in the literature for sludge minimization and they can be applied either on wastewater line (WL) or sludge line (SL). This work is focused on different approaches based on the use of Thermophilic Aerobic Membrane Reactor (TAMR): this can be added to a CAS plant, and integrated to WL or SL, yielding a significant sludge reduction. The process performance was analysed in terms of volatile solids (VS) reduction and specific sludge production. The TAMR was tested both at full-scale and pilot-scale with different feeding substrates: industrial wastewater for the full-scale plant; industrial wastewater, sludge and a mix of these for the pilot-scale plants. The results obtained are: (i) good solids removal (38-90% and 40-50% in terms of VS for sludge and mix of industrial wastewater and sludge, respectively), (ii) low specific sludge production (0.01-0.09 kgVSS produced kgCOD removed-1 for industrial wastewater and 0.014-0.069 kgVSS produced kgCOD removed-1 for mix of industrial wastewater and sludge) and (iii) a significant reduction of sludge when CAS is improved with the TAMR technology.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Giorgio Bertanza; Andrea Frattarola. The upgrading of conventional activated sludge processes with thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor: Alternative solutions for sludge reduction. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 264, 110490 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Giorgio Bertanza, Andrea Frattarola. The upgrading of conventional activated sludge processes with thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor: Alternative solutions for sludge reduction. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 264 ():110490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Giorgio Bertanza; Andrea Frattarola. 2020. "The upgrading of conventional activated sludge processes with thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor: Alternative solutions for sludge reduction." Journal of Environmental Management 264, no. : 110490.
Fluorides represent a significant problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In fact, this ion is essential for human health but, if taken in excess, it can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. In LMICs, the pollution of groundwater from fluorides is of natural origin. Therefore, if providing alternative sources for drinking water (DW) supply is not possible, the use of specific processes for the removal of fluorides becomes essential. The adsorption on alternative materials, such as agro-food residues, can be a valid treatment for the removal of fluorides in the LMIC considering: (i) their optimal removal yields, (ii) the high availability, and (iii) the low cost. In recent years, the interest on the use of palm residues (PRs) becomes significant. Optimal pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and possible combination with metals to increase adsorption performances were deeply investigated. The activated PRs also present two other advantages: (i) very high surface area, and (ii) very low reduction in uptake capacity when regenerated. However, all tests were conducted with synthetic waters in laboratory-scale reactors while application on real-scale are absent. This makes other studies on this type of alternative adsorbent material still necessary.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Sabrina Sorlini. Adsorption of Fluorides in Drinking Water by Palm Residues. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3786 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Sabrina Sorlini. Adsorption of Fluorides in Drinking Water by Palm Residues. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3786.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Sabrina Sorlini. 2020. "Adsorption of Fluorides in Drinking Water by Palm Residues." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3786.
The formation of persistent foams can be a critical problem in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as it could lead to a series of operational problems, especially the reduction of the overall system performance. To date, the effects of foaming in the WWTPs are a problem that is currently very common and shared, but which to date is treated mainly only at the management level and still too little studied through a globally shared scientific method: the complexity of the phenomenon and the systems have led to numerous partially contradictory descriptions and hypotheses over the years. The goal must be to suggest future research directions and indicate promising strategies to prevent or control the formation of foams in WWTPs. This study examines and investigates the problem of foams by a methodological approach of research through a review on the state of the art: the factors influencing the formation of foams are described first (such as surfactants and/or extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs)), then the known methods for the evaluation of foaming, both direct and indirect, are presented, with the aim of identifying the correct and best (from the management point of view) control and/or prevention strategies to be applied in the future in WWTPs.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Marco Carnevale Miino; Elena Cristina Rada; Vincenzo Torretta. Foams in Wastewater Treatment Plants: From Causes to Control Methods. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2716 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Marco Baldi, Alessandro Abbà, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Marco Carnevale Miino, Elena Cristina Rada, Vincenzo Torretta. Foams in Wastewater Treatment Plants: From Causes to Control Methods. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2716.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Marco Carnevale Miino; Elena Cristina Rada; Vincenzo Torretta. 2020. "Foams in Wastewater Treatment Plants: From Causes to Control Methods." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2716.
In recent years, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) for the treatment of industrial wastewaters (IWWs) has been repeatedly proposed. However, despite the number of tests reported in literature, only a few of them were conducted on real IWWs. In this study, real pharmaceutical IWWs showing an intense recalcitrant color were treated by PEC and H2O2-assisted PEC (UV/TiO2/Bias and UV/H2O2/TiO2/Bias, respectively) on TiO2 meshes having sub-micrometric features obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. Photolysis (UV), chemical oxidation (H2O2) and H2O2-assisted photolysis (UV/H2O2) were tested in the same reactor for comparison. The configuration UV/H2O2/TiO2/bias showed the best results in term of decolorization efficiency and rate, where decolorization was 55 % (single-step H2O2 dosing) and 44 % (three-step H2O2 dosing), after 2 h of contact time. In the same contact time, UV and UV/TiO2/Bias processes did not give decolorization. A more effective COD removal was measured for the PEC processes, UV/H2O2/TiO2/Bias (-24 %) and UV/TiO2/Bias (-20 %), while COD removal by UV was almost 0 %. Correspondingly, the SOUR values showed that PEC combined with a single-step H2O2 dosage was the most effective configuration, leading to the highest biodegradability of the treated IWW with respect to the other processes. The energy consumption analysis demonstrated that PEC+H2O2 (single-step dosage) optimized energy costs.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Hamed Arab; Massimiliano Bestetti; Silvia Franz. Decolorization and biodegradability of a real pharmaceutical wastewater treated by H2O2-assisted photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2 meshes. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 387, 121668 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Hamed Arab, Massimiliano Bestetti, Silvia Franz. Decolorization and biodegradability of a real pharmaceutical wastewater treated by H2O2-assisted photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2 meshes. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 387 ():121668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Hamed Arab; Massimiliano Bestetti; Silvia Franz. 2019. "Decolorization and biodegradability of a real pharmaceutical wastewater treated by H2O2-assisted photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2 meshes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 387, no. : 121668.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Matteo Canato; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino. Biosolids: What are the different types of reuse? Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 238, 1 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Matteo Canato, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino. Biosolids: What are the different types of reuse? Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 238 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Matteo Canato; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino. 2019. "Biosolids: What are the different types of reuse?" Journal of Cleaner Production 238, no. : 1.
The issues concerning the management of sewage sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants are becoming more important in Europe due to: (i) the modification of sludge quality (biological and chemical sludge are often mixed with negative impacts on sludge management, especially for land application); (ii) the evolution of legislation (landfill disposal is banned in many European countries); and (iii) the technologies for energy and material recovery from sludge not being fully applied in all European Member States. Furthermore, Directive 2018/851/EC introduced the waste hierarchy that involved a new strategy with the prevention in waste production and the minimization of landfill disposal. In this context, biological sewage sludge can be treated in order to produce more stabilized residues: the biosolids. In some European countries, the reuse of biosolids as soil improver/fertilizer in arable crops represents the most used option. In order to control the quality of biosolids used for land application, every Member State has issued a national regulation based on the European directive. The aim of this work is to compare the different approaches provided by European Member States for the reuse of biosolids in agricultural soils. A focus on the regulation of countries that reuse significant amount of biosolids for land application was performed. Finally, a detailed study on Italian legislation both at national and regional levels is reported.
Maria Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Andrea Frattarola; Marco Carnevale Miino; Sergio Padovani; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Vincenzo Torretta. Legislation for the Reuse of Biosolids on Agricultural Land in Europe: Overview. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6015 .
AMA StyleMaria Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Andrea Frattarola, Marco Carnevale Miino, Sergio Padovani, Ioannis Katsoyiannis, Vincenzo Torretta. Legislation for the Reuse of Biosolids on Agricultural Land in Europe: Overview. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):6015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Andrea Frattarola; Marco Carnevale Miino; Sergio Padovani; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Vincenzo Torretta. 2019. "Legislation for the Reuse of Biosolids on Agricultural Land in Europe: Overview." Sustainability 11, no. 21: 6015.