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Flavonoid supplementation may modify the behavior and rumen inflammatory response of fattening bulls, and this could be related to the concentrate presentation (mash or pellet) form. In the present study, 150 Holstein bulls (183.0 ± 7.53 kg BW and 137 ± 1.8 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of eight pens and assigned to control (C) or (BF) (Citrus aurantium, Bioflavex CA, HealthTech Bio Actives, Spain, 0.4 kg per ton of concentrate of Bioflavex CA, 20% naringin). Concentrate (pellet) intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study, and ruminal epithelium samples were collected for gene expression analyses. Treatment did not affect animal performance; however, BF supplementation reduced agonistic interactions and oral non-nutritive behaviors and increased the time devoted to eating concentrate and ruminating activity (p < 0.05). The gene expression of some genes in the rumen epithelium was greater or tended to be greater in BF than C bulls (bitter taste receptor 16, cytokine IL-25, β-defensin; p < 0.10; pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha; p < 0.05). In conclusion, flavonoid supplementation modifies the expression of genes in the rumen epithelium that could be related to inflammation and animal behavior modulation.
Montserrat Paniagua; Francisco Crespo; Anna Arís; Maria Devant. Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form. Animals 2021, 11, 1387 .
AMA StyleMontserrat Paniagua, Francisco Crespo, Anna Arís, Maria Devant. Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form. Animals. 2021; 11 (5):1387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontserrat Paniagua; Francisco Crespo; Anna Arís; Maria Devant. 2021. "Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form." Animals 11, no. 5: 1387.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using a commercial slow-release urea product (SRU; Optigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) as a partial replacement for vegetable protein sources in cattle diets. The first experiment was an in vitro rumen fermentation that evaluated the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) nitrogen with nitrogen from either SRU or free urea in diets varying in forage:concentrate ratios. The second experiment examined the effect of replacing SBM with SRU on in situ dry matter and nitrogen degradability in the rumen. In the third experiment, a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing SBM (0% as-fed SRU) with 1% or 3% as-fed SRU on feed carbon footprint (CFP; total greenhouse gas emissions associated with the life cycle of feed raw materials) and the toxicity potential of SRU in growing beef cattle. Results showed that replacing SBM with SRU up to 1.3% did not negatively affect in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Supplementing SRU favourably decreased ruminal accumulation of ammonia and lactic acid when compared to free urea. There was no significant effect on effective rumen degradability of dry matter and nitrogen when one-third of SBM was replaced by SRU in the in situ study. Compared with the 0% SRU diet, feed CFP decreased by 18% and 54% in 1% SRU and 3% SRU diets, respectively. Additionally, feeding up to 3% SRU diet to beef cattle did not affect health and intake, and blood hematological and biochemical indices were within the physiological range for healthy bulls, suggesting no indication of ammonia toxicity. Overall, these results indicate that SRU can be used as a sustainable alternative to partially replace vegetable protein sources in ruminant diets without compromising rumen function and health of ruminants.
Saheed Salami; Maria Devant; Juha Apajalahti; Vaughn Holder; Sini Salomaa; Jason Keegan; Colm Moran. Slow-Release Urea as a Sustainable Alternative to Soybean Meal in Ruminant Nutrition. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2464 .
AMA StyleSaheed Salami, Maria Devant, Juha Apajalahti, Vaughn Holder, Sini Salomaa, Jason Keegan, Colm Moran. Slow-Release Urea as a Sustainable Alternative to Soybean Meal in Ruminant Nutrition. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaheed Salami; Maria Devant; Juha Apajalahti; Vaughn Holder; Sini Salomaa; Jason Keegan; Colm Moran. 2021. "Slow-Release Urea as a Sustainable Alternative to Soybean Meal in Ruminant Nutrition." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2464.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding method on eating and sorting behavior, rumen acidosis, and apparent total tract digestibility of crossbred Angus bulls fed a high-concentrate diet. Twenty-one Angus beef bulls (497 ± 7.7 kg of initial BW, and 324 ± 3.0 d of age) were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Three experimental treatments were tested: complete feed of pellet and chopped straw in a single feeder (TMR), pellet and chopped straw fed separately in two feeders (SS); pellet and long unprocessed straw fed separately in two feeders (LS). Feed consumption, fecal and bloat scoring were recorded daily. Every 2 wk TMR sorting, eating behavior, general activity, social and oral behaviors, and BW were recorded. At days 14 and 35 apparent total tract digestibility during one week was measured. At days 28 and 42 rumen samples were collected via rumenocentesis to measure rumen pH and determine ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations. At the study end (day 57) animals at slaughterhouse liver and rumen wall color and lesions were recorded by a macroscopic inspection. No differences among treatments in total DMI, and fecal and bloat scoring were observed. The straw to concentrate ratio was smaller in the SS and LS treatments (8–92) than in the TMR (15–85), and sorting analyses indicated that TMR bulls refused large particles (> 4 mm) and small particles (< 1.5 mm). TMR bulls spent less time eating (P < 0.01) and tended to perform more self-grooming (P = 0.06), oral non-nutritive behaviors (P < 0.01) and stereotypes (P < 0.01) than bulls fed straw separately. Animals fed TMR had a greater (P < 0.01) pH than SS and LS, however rumen pH was above 5.6 in all treatments and rumen wall lesions did not differ among treatments. Feeding TMR increased (P < 0.05) the rumen acetate to propionate ratio. Bulls fed LS had greater total apparent DM (P < 0.05) and CP digestibility (P < 0.01), but no differences among treatments were observed in starch digestibility. In conclusion, even if straw to concentrate ratio and NDF intake was smaller in the SS and LS treatments than in the TMR, feeding pellet and straw separately, independently of straw length, did not predispose animals to suffer rumen acidosis as indicated by rumen pH, feed consumption, animal behavior, fecal and bloat scoring and rumen wall macroscopic evaluation.
Sandra Genís; Marçal Verdú; Jordi Cucurull; Maria Devant. Complete feed versus concentrate and straw fed separately: Effect of feeding method on eating and sorting behavior, rumen acidosis, and digestibility in crossbred Angus bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2021, 273, 114820 .
AMA StyleSandra Genís, Marçal Verdú, Jordi Cucurull, Maria Devant. Complete feed versus concentrate and straw fed separately: Effect of feeding method on eating and sorting behavior, rumen acidosis, and digestibility in crossbred Angus bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2021; 273 ():114820.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Genís; Marçal Verdú; Jordi Cucurull; Maria Devant. 2021. "Complete feed versus concentrate and straw fed separately: Effect of feeding method on eating and sorting behavior, rumen acidosis, and digestibility in crossbred Angus bulls fed high-concentrate diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 273, no. : 114820.
In order to answer the question of whether nutritional interventions may help to reduce the incidence of respiratory disease in dairy beef calves at arrival, the present review is divided in three sections. In the first section, the nutrition of calves previous to the arrival from the origin farm to the final rearing farm is reviewed. In the second section, the possible consequences of this previous nutrition on gut health and immune status upon arrival to the rearing farm are described. The main consequences of previous nutrition and management that these unweaned calves suffer at arrival are the negative energy balance, the increased intestinal permeability, the oxidative stress, the anemia, and the recovery feed consumption. Finally, in the third section, some considerations to advance in future nutritional strategies are suggested, which are focused on the prevention of the negative consequences of previous nutrition and the recovery of the gut and immune status. Moreover, additional suggestions are formulated that will be also helpful to reduce the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) that are not directly linked to nutrition like having a control golden standard in the studies or designing risk categories in order to classify calves as suitable or not to be transported.
Maria Devant; Sonia Marti. Strategies for Feeding Unweaned Dairy Beef Cattle to Improve Their Health. Animals 2020, 10, 1908 .
AMA StyleMaria Devant, Sonia Marti. Strategies for Feeding Unweaned Dairy Beef Cattle to Improve Their Health. Animals. 2020; 10 (10):1908.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Devant; Sonia Marti. 2020. "Strategies for Feeding Unweaned Dairy Beef Cattle to Improve Their Health." Animals 10, no. 10: 1908.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two glucoamylases (GA) and the combination of one GA with a neutral protease on apparent total tract digestibility in beef bulls fed a total mixed ration (TMR) rich in rolled corn. Sixteen Angus beef bulls (266 ± 4.9 kg of initial BW, and 182 ± 1.7 d of age) were distributed in 4 blocks, each block consisted of 4 animals balanced by BW. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square (4 blocks and 4 periods, 2 w per period). Four treatments were tested; (1) control, (2) GA preparation from Trichoderma reesei (TrGA); (3) GA from Aspergillus fumigatus (AfuGA); (4) AfuGA in combination with a neutral protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BamPro). Apparent total tract digestibility and fecal D-lactate concentration were analyzed. Enzyme supplementation, regardless of enzyme type, increased apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (from 66.7% to 73.1% ± 2.01), and starch (from 74.7% to 81.8% ± 2.25), without affecting feces D-lactate concentration. Irrespective of glucoamylase type, glucoamylase supplementation improved apparent digestibility of dry matter and starch, and the addition of a protease did not have additional benefits on nutrient digestibility.
Maria Devant; Shukun Yu; Sandra Genís; Torben Larsen; Li Wenting. Effects of Exogenous Glucoamylase Enzymes Alone or in Combination with a Neutral Protease on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Feces D-Lactate in Crossbred Angus Bulls Fed a Ration Rich in Rolled Corn. Animals 2020, 10, 1077 .
AMA StyleMaria Devant, Shukun Yu, Sandra Genís, Torben Larsen, Li Wenting. Effects of Exogenous Glucoamylase Enzymes Alone or in Combination with a Neutral Protease on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Feces D-Lactate in Crossbred Angus Bulls Fed a Ration Rich in Rolled Corn. Animals. 2020; 10 (6):1077.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Devant; Shukun Yu; Sandra Genís; Torben Larsen; Li Wenting. 2020. "Effects of Exogenous Glucoamylase Enzymes Alone or in Combination with a Neutral Protease on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Feces D-Lactate in Crossbred Angus Bulls Fed a Ration Rich in Rolled Corn." Animals 10, no. 6: 1077.
One hundred fourty-four bulls (164.8 ± 5.91 kg BW and 135 ± 7.2 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of 8 pens and assigned to control (C) or citrus flavonoid (BF) treatments (Citrus aurantium, 0.4 kg per ton of concentrate of Bioflavex CA, > 20% naringin; BF). Each pen had one drinker, one separate five-space straw feeder, and one separate three-space feeder where mash concentrate containing mostly corn, barley, DDG and wheat was offered. Concentrate intake was recorded daily, whilst BW and animal behavior were recorded fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study (12 periods of 14 d), and HCW and carcass quality were recorded, and rumen papillae samples were collected. Final BW (437.9 ± 1.85 kg), HCW (238.7 ± 2.02 kg), and concentrate intake (7.1 ± 0.13 kg/d) were not affected by treatment. Concentrate feed conversion ratio (kg of concentrate/ kg of BW) tended (P < 0.10) to be lesser in BF than in C bulls (5.11 vs. 5.36 ± 0.108 kg/kg). Percentage of animals eating concentrate during visual scan was greater (P < 0.01) in BF compared with C bulls (10.02% vs. 7.97% ± 0.512). Oral non-nutritive behaviors, agonistic interactions (fighting, butting, and chasing) and sexual behaviors (flehmen, attempted and complete mounts) were greater (P < 0.01) in C than in BF bulls. In the rumen epithelium, gene expression of bitter taste receptor 7, bitter taste receptor 16, bitter taste receptor 38 and bitter taste receptor 39 was greater (P < 0.05) in C compared with BF bulls, as well as was gene expression of free fatty acid receptor 2, pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1, cholecystokinin receptor 4, cytokine IL-25, Toll-like receptor-4 and β-defensin1. In conclusion, supplementation with flavonoids extracted from Citrus aurantium in bulls fed high-concentrate diets tends to improve efficiency, and reduces oral non-nutritive behaviors, agonistic interactions and sexual behavior. Moreover, flavonoid supplementation modifies the expression of genes in the rumen epithelium that could be related with eating and animal behavior regulation.
Montserrat Paniagua; Javier Crespo; Anna Arís; Maria Devant. Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract improves concentrate efficiency, animal behavior, and reduces rumen inflammation of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2019, 258, 114304 .
AMA StyleMontserrat Paniagua, Javier Crespo, Anna Arís, Maria Devant. Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract improves concentrate efficiency, animal behavior, and reduces rumen inflammation of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2019; 258 ():114304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontserrat Paniagua; Javier Crespo; Anna Arís; Maria Devant. 2019. "Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract improves concentrate efficiency, animal behavior, and reduces rumen inflammation of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 258, no. : 114304.
The continuous progress on technology development allows capturing a number of traits regarding eating behavior. However, the ability of measuring a given trait does not imply that the particular trait is relevant to animal production. Thus, there is a need to assess what available eating behavior data are potentially linked to animal performance. The main objective of fattening Holstein bulls is to maximize feed intake without impairing feed efficiency (i.e., reducing days on feed to obtain the target BW) or improving feed efficiency maintaining growth. The fattening starts with a growing phase (from 150 kg to 350 kg of BW) and ends with a finishing phase with a final BW between 450 to 650 kg). The present study evaluated the relationship between eating pattern and performance in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. A database of 9,500 eating behavior records corresponding to 1,320 bulls from 11 studies was built. The relationships between different metrics of eating behavior (i.e., meal size, meal frequency, meal duration, etc...) and performance were evaluated by regression analyses using the fit model procedure of JMP®.During the growing phase, eating rate was quadratically and negatively correlated with feed efficiency, with a lowest feed efficiency obtained when eating rate was 110 g/min. Eating rate explained 26% of the observed variation in efficiency (P < 0.01). During the finishing phase, meal size was quadratically and negatively correlated with the number of meals and explained 70% of variation in the number of meals (P < 0.01), with the lowest number of meals obtained with a meal size of about 1–1.4 kg of DM. During the growing phase, decreasing eating rate can be a strategy to improve feed efficiency, and during the finishing phase, large meal sizes should be avoided to maximize number of meals and thus feed intake.
M Devant; A Bach. PSXII-27 Determining the potential usefulness of different metrics of eating behavior in relation to growth performance of fattening Holstein bulls. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 430 -430.
AMA StyleM Devant, A Bach. PSXII-27 Determining the potential usefulness of different metrics of eating behavior in relation to growth performance of fattening Holstein bulls. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):430-430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Devant; A Bach. 2018. "PSXII-27 Determining the potential usefulness of different metrics of eating behavior in relation to growth performance of fattening Holstein bulls." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 430-430.
A total of 20 Holstein bulls (422 ± 4.2 kg of BW and 292 ± 0.5 d of age) were allocated in individual pens (2.90 x 1.97 m) and distributed randomly depending on initial BW to 4 treatments that followed a 2 × 2 factorial design (cleaning frequency: once a wk vs once every 2 wks; and straw bedding length: long vs chopped). Concentrate and straw were recorded daily, BW biweekly for 56 days. Weekly before 7 kg of straw bedding were added or pen was cleaned animal behavior, animal and pen cleanliness scoring were recorded. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance or a Chi-Square.Concentrate (8.9 ± 0.37 kg/d) and straw intake (0.9 ± 0.13 kg/d) did not differ among treatments, however ADG and efficiency were lesser (interaction P ˂ 0.05) when bulls were bedded with long straw and cleaned every 2 wks (1.38 ± 0.095 kg/d and 0.14 ± 0.007 kg/kg, respectively) compared with the other treatments (1.66 ± 0.095 kg/d and 0.17 ± 0.007 kg/kg, respectively). When bulls were cleaned biweekkly compared with once a wk, ruminating decreased (P < 0.01, 2.53 vs 2.10 ± 0.067 times every 15 min), selfgrooming increased (P < 0.01, 0.84 vs 1.59 ± 0.067 times every 15 min), and stereotypies tended to increase (P = 0.06, 0.09 vs 0.23 ± 0.020 times every 15 min).Animals bedded in long straw and cleaned every 2 wks were dirtier, followed by the animals bedded with chopped straw and cleaned every 2 wks, bedded in long straw cleaned once a wk, and the cleanest pens and bulls were the once that were bedded in chopped straw and cleaned once a week.Bedding the animals in long straw and cleaning biweekly impairs performance, animal welfare (rumination, stereotypies) and cleanliness of the animal and the pen.
A Iglesias; R Casals; B Quintana; A Solé; S Marti; Maria Devant. PSIX-4 Cleaning frequency and straw bedding length alters behavior and animal and pen cleanliness of fattening bulls. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 15 -15.
AMA StyleA Iglesias, R Casals, B Quintana, A Solé, S Marti, Maria Devant. PSIX-4 Cleaning frequency and straw bedding length alters behavior and animal and pen cleanliness of fattening bulls. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):15-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA Iglesias; R Casals; B Quintana; A Solé; S Marti; Maria Devant. 2018. "PSIX-4 Cleaning frequency and straw bedding length alters behavior and animal and pen cleanliness of fattening bulls." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 15-15.
One hundred and ten Holstein male calves (335 ± 4.3 kg and 243 ± 0.96 d of age) were enrolled in a randomize design to study the effect of increasing the hours of daily light exposure on performance, eating, and sexual and agonistic behavior. Calves were allocated in 6 pens with 1 computerized concentrate feeder, 1 straw feeder (5 feeding spaces) and 1 water bowl. Pens were separated with a thick black plastic curtain to block the light between pens. Artificial light (300 lux at eye height) was provided during winter months increasing 1 h of light every 14 d from October (11 h of light/d) to December (16 h of light/d) and remaining at 16 h of light/d until February. Pens were assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments according to natural photoperiod (NP) or modified photoperiod (PMP). Concentrate intake was recorded daily, BW and animal behavior fortnightly. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures including photoperiod, period and their interaction as main effect and pen as random effect. Final BW, ADG and concentrate intake were not affected by treatment. However, number of feeder visits increased (P < 0.001) after 16 h of light/d in PMP compared with NP, and meal size and intermeal duration decreased (P < 0.05) after 16 h of light/d in PMP compared with NP. Sexual and agonistic behaviors such as fighting (10.1 and 5.6 ± 2.05 times/15 min for NP and PMP), attempts to mount (7.7 and 2.3 ± 0.97 times/15 min for NP and PMP) and mounts (3.3 and 0.7 ± 0.31 times/15 min for NP and PMP) were greater for NP than in PMP animals. Progressive increase of hours of light a day modifies eating behavior, reduces sexual and agonistic behaviors but does not improve feed efficiency or growth.
S Marti; C Medinya; A Pérez; M Verdú; A Solé; B Quintana; Maria Devant. PSIX-41 Effect of progressive increase the hours of daily light exposure during winter months in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 16 -16.
AMA StyleS Marti, C Medinya, A Pérez, M Verdú, A Solé, B Quintana, Maria Devant. PSIX-41 Effect of progressive increase the hours of daily light exposure during winter months in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):16-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS Marti; C Medinya; A Pérez; M Verdú; A Solé; B Quintana; Maria Devant. 2018. "PSIX-41 Effect of progressive increase the hours of daily light exposure during winter months in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 16-16.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increase 16 hours of daily light abruptly during winter months in Holstein bull calves on performance, eating behavior and agonistic and sexual behaviors. A total of 108 Holstein bull calves (352 ± 6.7 kg and 244 ± 2.6 d of age) were randomly allocated in 2 treatments according to natural photoperiod (NP) or modified photoperiod (AMP). Calves were allocated in 6 pens with 1 computerized concentrate feeder, 1 straw feeder (5 feeding spaces) and 1 water bowl. Pens were separated with a thick black plastic curtain to block the light between pens. Artificial light (300 lux at eye height) was provided during winter months to achieve 16 h of light a day from October (11 h of light/d) until January (9 h of light/d). Concentrate intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior fortnightly. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures including photoperiod, period and their interaction as main effect and pen as random effect. Treatment did not affect final BW, ADG, and concentrate intake. However, a tendency (P = 0.07) between treatment and period was observed for efficiency; in periods 3 and 5 AMP calves were more efficient (P = 0.07; P < 0.05) than NP calves and in period 4 NP calves were more efficient (P < 0.05) than AMP calves. AMP calves increased (P < 0.05) the number of feeder visits and reduced (P < 0.05) intermeal duration compared with NP. No differences were observed in agonistic and sexual behaviors except for mounting; NP calves mounted more times than AMP calves (8.1 and 4.3 ± 0.9 times/15 min for NP and AMP). Increasing abruptly hours of light a day modifies eating behavior, reduces sexual behaviors and tends to affect feed efficiency inconsistently.
S Marti; C Medinya; A Pérez; M Verdú; A Solé; B Quintana; Maria Devant. PSIX-40 Effect of abrupt increase the hours of daily light exposure during winter months in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 15 -16.
AMA StyleS Marti, C Medinya, A Pérez, M Verdú, A Solé, B Quintana, Maria Devant. PSIX-40 Effect of abrupt increase the hours of daily light exposure during winter months in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):15-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS Marti; C Medinya; A Pérez; M Verdú; A Solé; B Quintana; Maria Devant. 2018. "PSIX-40 Effect of abrupt increase the hours of daily light exposure during winter months in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 15-16.
A total of 396 Holstein male calves (59.6 ± 0.70 kg of BW and 30.1 ± 1.62 d of age) were enrolled in a randomized block design to evaluate the effect of initial age in the design of a milk-feeding program on concentrate intake and performance. Animals were distributed in 18 pens of 11 animals so that each pen corresponded to one initial age block (33 d of age), and assigned to the milk-feeding program: conventional (CON) or based on age (AGE). CON calves, independently of initial age block, received milk replacer (23% CP and 19% fat) at a rate of 600, 500, 300, and 150 g/d between 1 and 4 wk. AGE calves had different milk replacer allowances depending on initial age block: 800, 600, 300 and 150 g/d for calves 33 d, respectively. Calves had ad libitum access to concentrate (2.9 Mcal of ME/kg, 17% CP), straw and water. Milk replacer intake was recorded daily, and concentrate and straw intake, and BW weekly. The study was repeated twice. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model. Growth rate (0.8 ± 0.04 kg/d) and feed efficiency (0.4 ± 0.01 kg/kg) did not differ between treatments. In the youngest calves, milk replacer intake tended (interaction between milk-feeding program and initial age block; P = 0.06) to be lesser in AGE than CON (9.7 vs 10.0 ± 0.25 kg) calves because of milk refusals. Concentrate intake (1.4 vs 1.5 ± 0.06 kg/d) tended (P = 0.10) to be lesser and mortality (P = 0.09; 6.6 vs 3.5 ± 2.18%) to be greater in AGE than in CON calves. The milk-feeding program based on initial age was not effective in improving performance. Key Words:
M Verdú; A Solé; Maria Devant. PSXII-28 The influence of age at arrival in the design of milk-feeding program on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein bull calves from auction markets. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 430 -430.
AMA StyleM Verdú, A Solé, Maria Devant. PSXII-28 The influence of age at arrival in the design of milk-feeding program on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein bull calves from auction markets. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):430-430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Verdú; A Solé; Maria Devant. 2018. "PSXII-28 The influence of age at arrival in the design of milk-feeding program on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein bull calves from auction markets." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 430-430.
This study evaluated the effects of a flavonoid extract from Citrus aurantium (Bioflavex® CA, 24% naringin) on performance, behavior and carcass quality. One hundred fourty-four bulls (164.8 ± 5.91 kg BW and 135 ± 7.2 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of 8 pens and assigned to control (C) or Bioflavex® CA (BF, 0.4 kg of Bioflavex® CA per ton of concentrate). Each pen had one drinker, one separate straw feeder, and one three-space feeder where mash concentrate (main ingredients were corn, barley, wheat, and DDG; 15.7% CP and 3.27 Mcal ME/kg for growing and 13.6% CP and 3.37 Mcal ME/kg for finishing) was offered. Concentrate intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior by visual scan were registered fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study (12 periods of 14 d), HCW and carcass quality were recorded. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures and categorical data with a Chi-Square. Final BW (437.9 ± 1.85 kg) and concentrate intake (7.1 ± 0.13 kg/d) were not affected by treatment. Concentrate FCR tended (P < 0.10) to be lesser in BF (4.50 ± 0.108 kg/kg) than in C (4.72 ± 0.108 kg/kg) bulls. Percentage of animals eating concentrate during visual scan was greater (P < 0.01) in BF (10.02 % ± 0.512) compared with C (7.97 % ± 0.512). Oral non-nutritive behaviors, agonistic interactions (fighting, butting, and chasing) and sexual behaviors (flehmen, attempted and complete mounts) were greater (P < 0.01) in C than in BF bulls. In conclusion, supplementation with citrus flavonoids in bulls fed high-concentrate diets tends to improve concentrate efficiency, reduces oral non-nutritive behaviors, agonistic interactions and sexual behavior. Key Words:
M Paniagua; F Crespo; M Serra; Anna Arís; Maria Devant. PSXIV-29 Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract improves concentrate efficiency, and animal behavior of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 443 -443.
AMA StyleM Paniagua, F Crespo, M Serra, Anna Arís, Maria Devant. PSXIV-29 Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract improves concentrate efficiency, and animal behavior of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):443-443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Paniagua; F Crespo; M Serra; Anna Arís; Maria Devant. 2018. "PSXIV-29 Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract improves concentrate efficiency, and animal behavior of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 443-443.
Twenty-four individually housed Holstein bulls (456 ± 6.9 kg of body weight and 292 ± 1.4 d of age) were enrolled in a complete randomized experiment involving four dietary treatments to evaluate the potential effect of mash particle size of diets in finishing beef diets on behavior, digestibility, and macro- and microscopic changes of the digestive tract. The four treatments were all ingredients sieved at 2 mm (HM2), all ingredients sieved at 3 mm (HM3), all ingredients, but corn, sieved at 2 mm and corn at 10 mm (HM210), and all ingredients, but corn, sieved a 3 mm and corn at 10 mm (HM310). For the HM210 and HM310 mashes, corn ground at 10 mm was mixed with the remaining concentrate ingredients ground at 2 or 3 mm, respectively. Concentrate (36% corn, 19% barley, 15% corn gluten feed, 8.4% wheat; 14% crude protein, 3.28 Mcal of ME/kg) consumption was recorded daily and straw consumption weekly. To register behavior, animals were filmed for 24 h on a weekly basis. At day 49 of study nutrient digestibility was estimated. Bulls were slaughtered after 56 d of exposure to treatments. Digestive tract and hepatic lesions were recorded, and tissue samples from the digestive tract collected. Geometric mean particle size was 0.61 ± 0.041, 0.76 ± 0.041, 0.62 ± 0.041, 0.73 ± 0.041 mm, and percentage of particles between 0.5 and 1 mm were 68 ± 2.9, 46 ± 1.7, 46 ± 5.0, and 39 ± 3.3 g/100 g for HM2, HM210, HM3, and HM310, respectively. Performance, total tract digestibility, or digestive tract integrity did not differ when ingredients were ground at 2 or 3 mm. Grinding corn with a hammer mill sieve size of 10 mm reduced feed efficiency and decreased total tract apparent dry matter, and organic matter digestibility compared with treatments from which all ingredients were ground at 2 or 3 mm. Straw intake was greatest and starch digestibility was least in the HM210 treatment. Last, only minor differences among treatments in rumen wall color, rumen papillae fusion, and histological conformation were observed. In summary, to improve feed efficiency, grinding corn at 10 mm is not recommended. In the present study, grinding procedure did not have a great effect on behavior and/or digestive tract health; however, under commercial conditions (group housing), grinding procedures that cause small mean particle sizes or particle size heterogeneity may increase the risk to suffer digestive tract lesions.
Maria Devant; Anna Solé; Bruna Quintana; Armando Pérez; Josep Ribó; Alex Bach. Effect of particle size of a mash concentrate on behavior, digestibility, and macroscopic and microscopic integrity of the digestive tract in Holstein bulls fed intensively1. Translational Animal Science 2018, 3, 473 -484.
AMA StyleMaria Devant, Anna Solé, Bruna Quintana, Armando Pérez, Josep Ribó, Alex Bach. Effect of particle size of a mash concentrate on behavior, digestibility, and macroscopic and microscopic integrity of the digestive tract in Holstein bulls fed intensively1. Translational Animal Science. 2018; 3 (1):473-484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Devant; Anna Solé; Bruna Quintana; Armando Pérez; Josep Ribó; Alex Bach. 2018. "Effect of particle size of a mash concentrate on behavior, digestibility, and macroscopic and microscopic integrity of the digestive tract in Holstein bulls fed intensively1." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 1: 473-484.
The production of pure and soluble proteins is a complex, protein-dependent and time-consuming process, in particular for those prone-to-aggregate and/or difficult-to-purify. Although Escherichia coli is widely used for protein production, recombinant products must be co-purified through costly processes to remove lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and minimize adverse effects in the target organism. Interestingly, Lactococcus lactis, which does not contain LPS, could be a promising alternative for the production of relevant proteins. However, to date, there is no universal strategy to produce and purify any recombinant protein, being still a protein-specific process. In this context and considering that L. lactis is also able to form functional protein aggregates under overproduction conditions, we explored the use of these aggregates as an alternative source of soluble proteins. In this study, we developed a widely applicable and economically affordable protocol to extract functional proteins from these nanoclusters. For that, two model proteins were used: mammary serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a difficult-to-purify and a prone-to-aggregate protein, respectively. The results show that it is possible to obtain highly pure, soluble, LPS-free and active recombinant proteins from L. lactis aggregates through a cost-effective and simple protocol with special relevance for difficult-to-purify or highly aggregated proteins.
Laia Gifre-Renom; O. Cano-Garrido; F. Fàbregas; Ramon Roca; J. Seras-Franzoso; N. Ferrer-Miralles; A. Villaverde; À. Bach; Maria Devant; A. Arís; E. Garcia-Fruitós. A new approach to obtain pure and active proteins from Lactococcus lactis protein aggregates. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 13917 .
AMA StyleLaia Gifre-Renom, O. Cano-Garrido, F. Fàbregas, Ramon Roca, J. Seras-Franzoso, N. Ferrer-Miralles, A. Villaverde, À. Bach, Maria Devant, A. Arís, E. Garcia-Fruitós. A new approach to obtain pure and active proteins from Lactococcus lactis protein aggregates. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):13917.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaia Gifre-Renom; O. Cano-Garrido; F. Fàbregas; Ramon Roca; J. Seras-Franzoso; N. Ferrer-Miralles; A. Villaverde; À. Bach; Maria Devant; A. Arís; E. Garcia-Fruitós. 2018. "A new approach to obtain pure and active proteins from Lactococcus lactis protein aggregates." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 13917.
The effects of flavonoids extracted from Citrus aurantium (Bioflavex® CA) on eating pattern, performance, carcass quality, and rumen wall health of Holstein bulls fed on a single feeder were studied. One hundred ninety-eight bulls (195.3 ± 19.6 kg of body weight and 149 ± 6.8 d of age) were used in a complete block randomized design. Groups of animals with the same mean and coefficient of variation of body weight (replicates) were randomly allocated in 1 of 6 pens (20 animals per pen), and each pen was assigned to one of 6 pens and assigned to a Control (C) diet or to a diet supplemented with flavonoids (Bioflavex® CA, Interquim S.L., Spain) (BF, 0.4 kg per ton of concentrate of Bioflavex® CA) in two consecutive fattening cycles. Concentrate intake was recorded daily, and BW fortnightly. Animal behavior was monitored by visual scan procedure every fourteen days. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study, hot carcass weight and carcass quality were recorded, and internal rumen wall was examined. Concentrate intake was higher (P < 0.05) in C than in BF bulls; however, ADG and concentrate efficiency were not affected by treatments. The final BW tended (P = 0.06) to be higher in C than in BF bulls, but this difference disappeared for carcass weight. In the finishing phase, the proportion of meal size values above 750 g was higher (P < 0.05) in C compared with BF bulls. Throughout the study exhibited more displacements and fighting than C bulls, whilst C bulls performed more (P < 0.05) oral behaviors. During the finishing phase, sexual behaviors such as flehmen and complete mounts were higher (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in C bulls as well, and C bulls tended (P = 0.10) to perform more attempted mounts compared with BF bulls. In the slaughterhouse, color of rumen wall tended (P = 0.06) to be lighter for BF compared with C bulls, and presence of baldness areas in the rumen was lesser (P = 0.01) in BF animals. In conclusion, when bulls were supplemented with Bioflavex® CA, feed intake was reduced. Flavonoids supplementation increased time eating straw, reduced agonistic behaviors throughout the study and sexual interactions during the finishing phase, potentially improving animal welfare. Rumen wall parameters analyzed were indicative of a better rumen health in BF than in C bulls, which maybe due to the reduction of large meal sizes.
M. Paniagua; J. Crespo; A. Bach; M. Devant. Effects of flavonoids extracted from Citrus aurantium on performance, eating and animal behavior, rumen health, and carcass quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2018, 246, 114 -126.
AMA StyleM. Paniagua, J. Crespo, A. Bach, M. Devant. Effects of flavonoids extracted from Citrus aurantium on performance, eating and animal behavior, rumen health, and carcass quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2018; 246 ():114-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Paniagua; J. Crespo; A. Bach; M. Devant. 2018. "Effects of flavonoids extracted from Citrus aurantium on performance, eating and animal behavior, rumen health, and carcass quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 246, no. : 114-126.
M. Verdú; A. Bach; M. Devant. Effect of feeder design and concentrate presentation form on performance, carcass characteristics, and behavior of fattening Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017, 232, 148 -159.
AMA StyleM. Verdú, A. Bach, M. Devant. Effect of feeder design and concentrate presentation form on performance, carcass characteristics, and behavior of fattening Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2017; 232 ():148-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Verdú; A. Bach; M. Devant. 2017. "Effect of feeder design and concentrate presentation form on performance, carcass characteristics, and behavior of fattening Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 232, no. : 148-159.
One of the most important productive difficulties in milk-fed calves after farm arrival is a transitory anorexia for first week of adaptation. This feeding disorder affects performance and health because underfed cattle may undergo a deterioration of digestive and immune functions with deleterious consequences on health. Increasing amount of milk replacer the first two weeks after arrival could enhance concentrate intake and calves’ vitality. Three hundred and fifty Holstein male calves (56 ± 1.5 kg of BW and 29 ± 9.3 d of age), from 2 herds, were used in a randomized design to evaluate the effect of increasing amount of milk replacer on concentrate intake and performance in milk-fed calves throughout a 47-d study. Calves were allocated in 16 pens of 11 animals provided with concentrate and straw feeders, and one water bowl. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments according to the amount of milk replacer (23% CP, 19% fat; DM basis) received for first two weeks after arrival: a conventional program (CON) vs a rescue program (RES). CON program consisted of 360 g/d on week 1, 330 g/d on weeks 2 and 3, 300 g/d on week 4, and 210 g/d on week 5. RES program provided 600 and 500 g/d on weeks 1 and 2, and 300 and 150 g/d on weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starter (2.93 Mcal of ME/kg, 16% CP; DM basis), straw and water were offered ad libitum. Milk replacer intake and health status were recorded daily, and concentrate and straw intake, and BW weekly. Performance data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures, and health status data with a Chi-square test. RES calves tended (P = 0.09) to have a greater final BW than CON at d 47 of study. An interaction between treatment and week was observed in concentrate consumption and ADG. RES calves had a greater (P < 0.01) concentrate consumption compared with CON at weeks 5 and 6 (2.0 vs 1.6 and 2.5 vs 2.3 ± 0.08 kg/d, respectively). RES calves exhibited a greater (P < 0.01) ADG than CON at weeks 1 and 6 (0.57 vs 0.31 and 1.07 vs 0.95 ± 0.056 kg/d, respectively). In conclusion, increasing the amount of milk replacer during the first two weeks after arrival improved the final BW, ADG at first week, and increased concentrate consumption the weeks 5 and 6. Copyright © 2017. American Society of Animal Science.
M. Verdú; A. Bach; Maria Devant. 598 Effect of amount of milk replacer for first two weeks after farm arrival on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science 2017, 95, 293 -293.
AMA StyleM. Verdú, A. Bach, Maria Devant. 598 Effect of amount of milk replacer for first two weeks after farm arrival on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 95 (suppl_4):293-293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Verdú; A. Bach; Maria Devant. 2017. "598 Effect of amount of milk replacer for first two weeks after farm arrival on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein calves." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. suppl_4: 293-293.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of crude protein (CP) on nitrogen (N) excretion (Study 1), performance (Study 2), and manure ammonia volatilization (Study 3) in Holstein beef animals fed with high-concentrate diets during the finishing phase. In Study 1, 24 Holstein heifers (310 ± 5.3 kg of BW and 251 ± 1.4 d of age) were allocated in individual pens and distributed randomly depending on initial BW to 3 dietary treatments (N1: 14.5% CP and 0.6% urea, N2: 12.5% CP and 0.3% urea, N3: 10.5% CP without urea. Concentrate and straw were recorded daily and BW was recorded every two weeks. At days 30 and 58, a N balance was performed. In Study 2, 150 Holstein bulls (344 ± 2.6 kg BW and 252 ± 0.9 days of age) were allocated in 8 pens (18-19 animals per pen). The evaluated treatments were N2 and N3. Concentrate and straw were offered ad libitum, pen intake was recorded daily. The BW was recorded every 2 wks. After d 70, animals were transported to the slaughterhouse where carcass weight and quality was recorded. For Study 3, a fecal and urine sample form each heifer were collected at d 58 of Study 1, mixed at a ratio in 1:1 (wet weight) and pooled by treatment for ammonia volatilization assays under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Gas samples collected for the analyses of ammonia concentration at day 1, 3, 7 and weekly during 150 days. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance. In Study 1, urinary N excretion was greater (P˂ 0.001) in N1 (91.5 ± 5.72 g/d) compared with N2 (63.1 ± 5.72 g/d) and N3 (50.4 ± 5.72 g/d). No differences in fecal N excretion among treatments were observed. In Study 2, no significant differences were observed between treatments in average daily gain (ADG, 1.67 ± 0.041 kg/d), concentrate intake (8.1 ± 0.06 kg/d as feed), carcass weight (257 ± 1.7 kg), or dressing percentage (52.3 ± 0.3%). Nitrogen loss from manure estimated from aerobic ammonia volatilization changed significantly during storage (treatment x time interaction,P<0.01); volatilization of N3 was always lower than N1, being N2 an intermediate case. The reduction of CP from 14.5 to 12.5 and 10.5% is an efficient strategy to reduce urinary N excretion by a 20% and manure ammonia volatilization without impairing performance and carcass quality. Copyright © 2017. American Society of Animal Science.
Maria Devant; B. Quintana; A. Sole; A. Pérez; C. Medinya; J. Riera; J. Grau; Belén Fernández; F. Prenafeta. 571 Reduction of the nitrogen excretion and ammonia volatilization from manure of fattening bulls during the finishing phase by reducing the concentrate crude protein concentration. Journal of Animal Science 2017, 95, 279 -280.
AMA StyleMaria Devant, B. Quintana, A. Sole, A. Pérez, C. Medinya, J. Riera, J. Grau, Belén Fernández, F. Prenafeta. 571 Reduction of the nitrogen excretion and ammonia volatilization from manure of fattening bulls during the finishing phase by reducing the concentrate crude protein concentration. Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 95 (suppl_4):279-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Devant; B. Quintana; A. Sole; A. Pérez; C. Medinya; J. Riera; J. Grau; Belén Fernández; F. Prenafeta. 2017. "571 Reduction of the nitrogen excretion and ammonia volatilization from manure of fattening bulls during the finishing phase by reducing the concentrate crude protein concentration." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. suppl_4: 279-280.
Stressors like road transport and commingling cause a transitory anorexia during the first week at farm entrance in milk-fed calves. This circumstance has also negative effects on performance and health, as an inadequate feeding may compromise digestion and immune system. Increasing the number of concentrate feeding places (FP) per pen the first two weeks after arrival could enhance concentrate intake and calves’ vitality. Three hundred and fifty Holstein male calves (59 ± 0.6 kg of BW and 30 ± 2.7 d of age), from 2 herds, were used in a randomized design to evaluate the effect of increasing FP on concentrate intake and performance in milk-fed calves throughout a 44-d study. Calves were allocated in 16 pens of 11 animals provided with concentrate and straw feeders, with 5 FP, and one water bowl. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments according to the number of FP per pen: 5 vs. 10 FP, where an additional feeder was placed the first two weeks after farm arrival in pens. All calves were fed a milk replacer (23% CP, 19% fat; DM basis) in 1.5 L water as follows: 360 g/d the week 1, 330 g/d during weeks 2 and 3, 300 g/d week 4, and 210 g/d during week 5. Concentrate (2.93 Mcal of ME/kg, 17% CP; DM basis), straw and water were offered ad libitum. Milk replacer intake and health status were recorded daily, and concentrate and straw intake, and BW weekly. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures. No effects of the number of FP per pen were observed in concentrate consumption, performance (Table 513), and health outcomes. The temporal increase of FP, the first two weeks after farm arrival, did not have a positive impact on consumption and performance. Thus, this strategy was not effective to facilitate feed access, stimulate the intake, and palliate the negative consequences of transitory anorexia after the transportation. Copyright © 2017. American Society of Animal Science.
M. Verdú; A. Bach; Maria Devant. 513 Effect of the number of concentrate feeding places per pen for first two weeks after farm arrival on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science 2017, 95, 250 -251.
AMA StyleM. Verdú, A. Bach, Maria Devant. 513 Effect of the number of concentrate feeding places per pen for first two weeks after farm arrival on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 95 (suppl_4):250-251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Verdú; A. Bach; Maria Devant. 2017. "513 Effect of the number of concentrate feeding places per pen for first two weeks after farm arrival on concentrate consumption and performance in milk-fed Holstein calves." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. suppl_4: 250-251.
This study evaluated the effects of a flavonoid extract from Citrus aurantium (Bioflavex® CA, 24% naringin) on eating pattern, performance, carcass quality, and rumen wall health of Holstein bulls fed with a single feeder. Ninety-nine bulls (195.2 ± 0.64 kg BW and 149 ± 0.22 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of 6 pens and assigned to control (C) or Bioflavex® CA (BF, 0.4 kg of Bioflavex® CA per ton of concentrate), study was repeated twice. Each pen had one drinker, one separate straw feeder, and one single-space feeder with lateral protections where concentrate (45% corn, 21% corn gluten feed, 11% barley, 11% wheat, 14% CP, 3.32 Mcal of ME/kg; DM basis) was offered. Concentrate intake was recorded daily and BW every 14 d. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study (12 periods of 14 d), HCW and carcass quality were recorded, and rumen wall was examined. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures and categorical data with a Chi-Square. Concentrate intake was greater (P < 0.05) in C (6.85 ± 0.065 kg/d) than in BF (6.65 ± 0.065 kg/d) bulls; however, ADG (1.64 ± 0.032 kg/d), and concentrate efficiency (0.24 ± 0.022 kg/kg) were not affected by treatments. Final BW tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in C (489.7 ± 3.98 kg) than in BF (479.3 ± 3.98 kg) bulls, but this tendency was not detected for carcass weight (256.1 ± 2.31 kg). No differences between treatments in mean eating pattern parameters were observed; this may be attributed to the great animal variability. During finishing phase (periods 9 to 12), the percentage of meal size data above 750 g was greater (P < 0.05) in C (57.3%) compared with BF bulls (49.3%). Thus, BF reduced large meal sizes and the number of feeder visits numerically increased (in BF meal size explained 74% of the feeder visit variation, P < 0.01). Color of rumen wall tended (P = 0.06) to be lighter for BF bulls (1.27% were “5”, scale from “1” to “5”, with “5” being the darkest) compared with C (9.76% were “5”). In the rumen, baldness areas were lesser (P < 0.01) in BF (48.1%) than in C (67.1%). In conclusion, bulls fed with a single-space feeder supplemented with Bioflavex® CA have a reduced feed intake and large meal sizes, these results may be related with an improvement in rumen health. Copyright © 2017. American Society of Animal Science.
M. Paniagua; J. F. Crespo; A. Bach; Maria Devant. 652 The supplementation with a flavonoid extract from Citrus aurantium reduces concentrate intake and improves rumen health parameters in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets when fed in a single-space feeder. Journal of Animal Science 2017, 95, 319 -320.
AMA StyleM. Paniagua, J. F. Crespo, A. Bach, Maria Devant. 652 The supplementation with a flavonoid extract from Citrus aurantium reduces concentrate intake and improves rumen health parameters in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets when fed in a single-space feeder. Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 95 (suppl_4):319-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Paniagua; J. F. Crespo; A. Bach; Maria Devant. 2017. "652 The supplementation with a flavonoid extract from Citrus aurantium reduces concentrate intake and improves rumen health parameters in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets when fed in a single-space feeder." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. suppl_4: 319-320.