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Dr. Shakeel Ahmed
Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile

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0 Antioxidants
0 Enzyme Activity
0 Herbs
0 Pharmacognosy
0 Plant Pathology

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Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Antioxidants
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Haloarchaea are extreme halophilic microorganisms belonging to the domain Archaea, phylum Euryarchaeota, and are producers of interesting antioxidant carotenoid compounds. In this study, four new strains of Haloarcula sp., isolated from saline lakes of the Atacama Desert, are reported and studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) for the first time. In addition, determination of the carotenoid pigment profile from the new strains of Haloarcula sp., plus two strains of Halorubrum tebenquichense, and their antioxidant activity by means of several methods is reported. The effect of biomass on cellular viability in skin cell lines was also evaluated by MTT assay. The cholinesterase inhibition capacity of six haloarchaea (Haloarcula sp. ALT-23; Haloarcula sp. TeSe-41; Haloarcula sp. TeSe-51; Haloarcula sp. Te Se-89 and Halorubrum tebenquichense strains TeSe-85 and Te Se-86) is also reported for the first time. AChE inhibition IC50 was 2.96 ± 0.08 μg/mL and BuChE inhibition IC50 was 2.39 ± 0.09 μg/mL for the most active strain, Halorubrum tebenquichense Te Se-85, respectively, which is more active in BuCHe than that of the standard galantamine. Docking calculation showed that carotenoids can exert their inhibitory activity fitting into the enzyme pocket by their halves, in the presence of cholinesterase dimers.

ACS Style

Catherine Lizama; Javier Romero-Parra; Daniel Andrade; Felipe Riveros; Jorge Bórquez; Shakeel Ahmed; Luis Venegas-Salas; Carolina Cabalín; Mario Simirgiotis. Analysis of Carotenoids in Haloarchaea Species from Atacama Saline Lakes by High Resolution UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry: Antioxidant Potential and Biological Effect on Cell Viability. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1230 .

AMA Style

Catherine Lizama, Javier Romero-Parra, Daniel Andrade, Felipe Riveros, Jorge Bórquez, Shakeel Ahmed, Luis Venegas-Salas, Carolina Cabalín, Mario Simirgiotis. Analysis of Carotenoids in Haloarchaea Species from Atacama Saline Lakes by High Resolution UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry: Antioxidant Potential and Biological Effect on Cell Viability. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catherine Lizama; Javier Romero-Parra; Daniel Andrade; Felipe Riveros; Jorge Bórquez; Shakeel Ahmed; Luis Venegas-Salas; Carolina Cabalín; Mario Simirgiotis. 2021. "Analysis of Carotenoids in Haloarchaea Species from Atacama Saline Lakes by High Resolution UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry: Antioxidant Potential and Biological Effect on Cell Viability." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1230.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Global fisheries production has increased up to ~200 MT, which has resulted in the intensive generation of waste or byproducts (~20 MT), which is creating serious problems for environmental management with zero income. This study proposes an idea of using whole fish (red and white meat, skin, bones, and fins but not scales) for human food (snack food) with the aim of zero waste generation. Whole fish powder (WFP) was prepared by a novel method (using freeze-drying as well as stone ball milling) and fortified in baked snacks at four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15% w/w of 100 g of formulation). The results revealed that the addition of WFP decreased expansion and color parameters compared to control. Hardness was significantly (p< 0.05) increased with the addition of WFP, which was attributed to the mineral content of WFP. Pasting properties determined by rapid visco analyzer (RVA) were dramatically decreased with the addition of 10–15% WFP, suggesting the weak interaction of starch and protein, which was also evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) analysis revealed that the amount of free water was increased when 10–15% WFP was added in snacks while bound water was highest in control and 5% WFP samples, respectively. The microstructural analysis by SEM showed that the protein network was increased in those samples incorporated with WFP compared to control that had more starch granules. The results suggest the feasibility of adding 5% WFP for proper structure, texture, pasting properties, and water distribution in order to reduce fish waste.

ACS Style

Asad Nawaz; Ibrahim Khalifa; Noman Walayat; Jose Lorenzo; Sana Irshad; Abdullah; Shakeel Ahmed; Mario Simirgiotis; Madad Ali; Enpeng Li. Whole Fish Powder Snacks: Evaluation of Structural, Textural, Pasting, and Water Distribution Properties. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6010 .

AMA Style

Asad Nawaz, Ibrahim Khalifa, Noman Walayat, Jose Lorenzo, Sana Irshad, Abdullah, Shakeel Ahmed, Mario Simirgiotis, Madad Ali, Enpeng Li. Whole Fish Powder Snacks: Evaluation of Structural, Textural, Pasting, and Water Distribution Properties. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asad Nawaz; Ibrahim Khalifa; Noman Walayat; Jose Lorenzo; Sana Irshad; Abdullah; Shakeel Ahmed; Mario Simirgiotis; Madad Ali; Enpeng Li. 2021. "Whole Fish Powder Snacks: Evaluation of Structural, Textural, Pasting, and Water Distribution Properties." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6010.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2021 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain and is known as a halophyte (a halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity). We therefore conducted a pot experiment to explore plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response and their associated gene expression and absorption of ions in H. Vulgare. The soil used for this analysis was artificially spiked at different salinity concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and different levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were supplied to plants (0, 30 and 60 mM) shortly after germination of the seed. The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment. Initially, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expression increased to a saline level of 100 mM, and then decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the saline level (150 mM) in the soil compared to plants grown at 0 mM of salinity. We also elucidated that negative impact of salt stress in H. vulgare plants can overcome by the exogenous application of AsA, which not only increased morpho-physiological traits but decreased oxidative stress in the plants by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants. We have also explained the negative effect of salt stress on H. vulgare can decrease by exogenous application of AsA, which not only improved morpho-physiological characteristics, ions accumulation in the roots and shoots of the plants, but decreased oxidative stress in plants by increasing antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Taken together, recognizing AsA's role in nutrient uptake introduces new possibilities for agricultural use of this compound and provides a valuable basis for improving plant tolerance and adaptability to potential salinity stress adjustment.

ACS Style

Amara Hassan; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Humaira Yasmin; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Riaz; Qurban Ali; Faiz Ahmad Joyia; Mobeen; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Foliar application of ascorbic acid enhances salinity stress tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through modulation of morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, ions uptake, osmo-protectants and stress response genes expression. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 4276 -4290.

AMA Style

Amara Hassan, Syeda Fasiha Amjad, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Humaira Yasmin, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Riaz, Qurban Ali, Faiz Ahmad Joyia, Mobeen, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Foliar application of ascorbic acid enhances salinity stress tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through modulation of morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, ions uptake, osmo-protectants and stress response genes expression. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (8):4276-4290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amara Hassan; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Humaira Yasmin; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Riaz; Qurban Ali; Faiz Ahmad Joyia; Mobeen; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Foliar application of ascorbic acid enhances salinity stress tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through modulation of morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, ions uptake, osmo-protectants and stress response genes expression." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 8: 4276-4290.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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Salinity is extremely hazardous to agriculture worldwide and its expanding constantly. Soil of almost 100 countries facing salinity problem including Pakistan. Cyperus laevigatus also act as salinity indicator species is a naturally adapted halophyte dispersed in subtropical regions of world. Six populations of C. laevigatus were collected from different saline habitats to evaluate adaptations regarding anatomical and physiological characteristics. C. laevigatus is perfectly adapted to harsh environmental conditions like dry barren soils, saline lakes, hyper-saline wetlands and salt marshes. Ecological success of this species is due to plasticity in physiological and anatomical characteristics to adapt variable environmental conditions. C. laevigatus is a halophyte, exhibited increased biomass production in moderately saline habitat. Higher uptake of K+ occurs to compensate the uptake of Na+ ion contents, a striking feature of salt-tolerant and halophytic species. Accumulation of osmoprotectants like proline, free amino acids, soluble sugar and protein contribute significantly to osmotic adjustment. Stem thickness enhanced as salinity level of habitat increased to store water in parenchymatous tissues under physiological drought. Intensive sclerification in root cortex provide mechanical strength to plant as well as prevent the radial leakage of water. Well-developed aerenchyma, increased vascular bundle area, broader vessels, small and dense stomata are critical to cope with environmental hazards. Population of Jahlar lake showing maximum biomass production indicate that this species grows better in moderate salinities. Therefore, this species will prove very useful for revegetation of salt affected rangeland and prairies by direct growth of such halophytic ecotypes.

ACS Style

Sahar Mumtaz; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mansoor Hameed; Fatima Batool; Abida Parveen; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Athar Mahmood; Muhammad Arfan; Shakeel Ahmed; Humaira Yasmin; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 2655 -2666.

AMA Style

Sahar Mumtaz, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Mansoor Hameed, Fatima Batool, Abida Parveen, Syeda Fasiha Amjad, Athar Mahmood, Muhammad Arfan, Shakeel Ahmed, Humaira Yasmin, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (5):2655-2666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sahar Mumtaz; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mansoor Hameed; Fatima Batool; Abida Parveen; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Athar Mahmood; Muhammad Arfan; Shakeel Ahmed; Humaira Yasmin; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 5: 2655-2666.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Agronomy
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The influence of seed priming with varying levels (50 and 100 mg L−1) of alpha-tocopherol (Toc) was investigated in carrot plants under water-deficit conditions. For this purpose, two cultivars of carrot, DC4 and DC90, were selected and subjected to well-watered (100% field capacity (FC)) and water-deficit stress (50% FC). After 21 days of water-deficit conditions, a significant suppression was observed in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, their lengths, chlorophyll a, b and total contents, and total soluble proteins (TSP). However, an up-regulatory effect of water stress was observed on the concentrations of glycinebetaine (GB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics as well as the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. Exogenous application of alpha-tocopherol was effective in reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents and improving all growth attributes, contents of chlorophyll, proline, GB, AsA, total phenolics, TSP, and the activities of CAT and POD enzymes. Of both carrot cultivars, cv. DC4 had better performance in terms of growth attributes, whereas the response of the two cultivars was similar in all other attributes varying water regimes. Overall, it is suggested that seed priming with 100 mg L−1 Toc was effective in improving plant growth attributes, osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of carrot plants under water-deficit conditions.

ACS Style

Abdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy 2021, 11, 469 .

AMA Style

Abdul Hameed, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 469.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Microbial Pathogenesis
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Mitochondria is a cellular source of energy, appears to play an essential role in dealing with cellular stress induced by environmental stimuli. The genetic diversity of mitochondrial genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation affecting the production of cellular energy and regional adaptation to various ecological (climatic) pressures affecting amino acid sequences (variants of protein). However, little is known about the combined effect of protein changes on cell-level metabolic alterations in simultaneous exposure to various environmental conditions, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induction. The present study was designed to address this issue by analyzing the mitochondrial proteins in Fasciola species including Cytochrome oxidase (COX1, COX2, COX3, and CYTB) and NADH dehydrogenase (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5, and ND6). Mitochondrial proteins were used for detailed computational investigation, using available standard bioinformatics tools to exploit structural and functional relationships. These proteins in Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigentica, and Fasciola jacksoni were functionally annotated using public databases. The results showed that the protein of COX1 of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, and F. jacksoni consist of 510, 513, and 517 amino acids, respectively. The alignment of proteins showed that these proteins are conserved in the same regions at ten positions in COX and CYTB proteins while at twelve locations in NADH. Three-dimensional structure of COX, CYTB, and NADH proteins were compared and showed differences in additional conserved and binding sites in COX and CYTB proteins as compared to NADH in three species of Fasciola. These results based on the amino acid diversity pattern were used to identify sites in the enzyme and the variations in mitochondrial proteins among Fasciola species. Our study provides valuable information for future experimental studies, including identification of therapeutic, diagnostic, and immunoprophylactic interests with novel mitochondrial proteins.

ACS Style

Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad; Muhammad Bilal Bin Majeed; Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad; Abdul Jabbar; Babar Maqbool; Shakeel Ahmed; Hamid Mustafa; Mario Juan Simirgiotis; Jinping Chen. Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial proteins reveals complex structural and functional relationships in Fasciola species. Microbial Pathogenesis 2021, 152, 104754 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal Bin Majeed, Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad, Abdul Jabbar, Babar Maqbool, Shakeel Ahmed, Hamid Mustafa, Mario Juan Simirgiotis, Jinping Chen. Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial proteins reveals complex structural and functional relationships in Fasciola species. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2021; 152 ():104754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad; Muhammad Bilal Bin Majeed; Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad; Abdul Jabbar; Babar Maqbool; Shakeel Ahmed; Hamid Mustafa; Mario Juan Simirgiotis; Jinping Chen. 2021. "Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial proteins reveals complex structural and functional relationships in Fasciola species." Microbial Pathogenesis 152, no. : 104754.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Several inorganic and organic compounds including glycine betaine (GB) are presently being used as an exogenous application to enhance tolerance in plants to different environmental stresses. The current study assessed to what extent exogenously applied GB could improve the gaseous exchange capacity and primary and secondary metabolites in two accessions (16178 and 16180) of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plants under drought stress. Three-week-old plants of both safflower accessions were subjected to well-watered (control) or water-deficit conditions (60% field capacity (FC)). Three levels of GB (control, 50 mM and 100 mM) were sprayed to the foliage of the control and stressed plants after one month of drought application. After two weeks of foliar application of GB, gas exchange characteristics and other biochemical parameters were determined. The results showed that water deficiency markedly suppressed plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate (A), water use efficiency (A/E), stomatal conductance (gs) and relative water contents (RWC) of both accessions of safflower, while it enhanced the levels of osmolytes (GB and proline), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total phenolics. Foliar application of GB was effective in enhancing the plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gs, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), Ci/Ca ratio, osmolytes, H2O2, ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics and RWC in safflower plants under water shortage. Thus, exogenous application of GB could be used as an effective strategy to improve plant growth, photosynthetic attributes and secondary metabolites in safflower plants under water deficit conditions.

ACS Style

Zanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10649 .

AMA Style

Zanib Nazar, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2020. "Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10649.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Molecules
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Greigia sphacelata (Ruiz and Pav.) Regel (Bromeliaceae) is a Chilean endemic plant popularly known as “quiscal” and produces an edible fruit consumed by the local Mapuche communities named as “chupón”. In this study, several metabolites including phenolic acids, organic acids, sugar derivatives, catechins, proanthocyanidins, fatty acids, iridoids, coumarins, benzophenone, flavonoids, and terpenes were identified in G. sphacelata fruits using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection coupled with a Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-Orbitrap-MS) analysis for the first time. The fruits showed moderate antioxidant capacities (i.e., 487.11 ± 26.22 μmol TE/g dry weight) in the stable radical DPPH assay, 169.08 ± 9.81 TE/g dry weight in the ferric reducing power assay, 190.32 ± 6.23 TE/g dry weight in the ABTS assay, and 76.46 ± 3.18% inhibition in the superoxide anion scavenging assay. The cholinesterase inhibitory potential was evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). From the findings, promising results were observed for pulp and seeds. Our findings suggest that G. sphacelata fruits are a rich source of diverse secondary metabolites with antioxidant capacities. In addition, the inhibitory effects against AChE and BChE suggest that natural products or food supplements derived from G. sphacelata fruits are of interest for their neuroprotective potential.

ACS Style

Ruth E. Barrientos; Shakeel Ahmed; Carmen Cortés; Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos; Javier Romero-Parra; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Javier Echeverría. Chemical Fingerprinting and Biological Evaluation of the Endemic Chilean Fruit Greigia sphacelata (Ruiz and Pav.) Regel (Bromeliaceae) by UHPLC-PDA-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020, 25, 3750 .

AMA Style

Ruth E. Barrientos, Shakeel Ahmed, Carmen Cortés, Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos, Javier Romero-Parra, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Javier Echeverría. Chemical Fingerprinting and Biological Evaluation of the Endemic Chilean Fruit Greigia sphacelata (Ruiz and Pav.) Regel (Bromeliaceae) by UHPLC-PDA-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2020; 25 (16):3750.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruth E. Barrientos; Shakeel Ahmed; Carmen Cortés; Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos; Javier Romero-Parra; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Javier Echeverría. 2020. "Chemical Fingerprinting and Biological Evaluation of the Endemic Chilean Fruit Greigia sphacelata (Ruiz and Pav.) Regel (Bromeliaceae) by UHPLC-PDA-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 16: 3750.

Original article
Published: 07 August 2020 in International Journal of Food Science & Technology
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The present study reports the rheological, textural, structural and water distribution properties of fish meat noodles. The results showed that storage and loss modulus were increased when 20% fish meat was added while decreased with the addition of >20% fish meat, whereas loss rate behaved vice versa. The moisture and fat content increased significantly (P20% fish meat was added during Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The findings suggest the feasibility of adding 15‐20% fish meat for the proper structure and chemistry of noodles.

ACS Style

Asad Nawaz; Engpeng Li; Ibrahim Khalifa; Sana Irshad; Noman Walayat; Hammad Hamed Hammad Mohammed; Zhongli Zhang; Shakeel Ahmed; Mario Juan Simirgiotis. Evaluation of fish meat noodles: physical property, dough rheology, chemistry and water distribution properties. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2020, 56, 1061 -1069.

AMA Style

Asad Nawaz, Engpeng Li, Ibrahim Khalifa, Sana Irshad, Noman Walayat, Hammad Hamed Hammad Mohammed, Zhongli Zhang, Shakeel Ahmed, Mario Juan Simirgiotis. Evaluation of fish meat noodles: physical property, dough rheology, chemistry and water distribution properties. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 2020; 56 (2):1061-1069.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asad Nawaz; Engpeng Li; Ibrahim Khalifa; Sana Irshad; Noman Walayat; Hammad Hamed Hammad Mohammed; Zhongli Zhang; Shakeel Ahmed; Mario Juan Simirgiotis. 2020. "Evaluation of fish meat noodles: physical property, dough rheology, chemistry and water distribution properties." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 56, no. 2: 1061-1069.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2020 in Microbial Pathogenesis
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The innate immune system is the first line of defense in vertebrates against microbial pathogens. This defense system depends on the peptidoglycan pathogen recognition of receptors (PGRPs) existing in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Although some studies revealed the structural and functional differences between them, however, the evolutionary history and the selection pressures on these genes during adaptive evolution are poorly understood. In this study, we examined four (PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3, and PGLYRP4) genes of 127 vertebrates’ species, conserved across vertebrates to evaluate positive selection pressure drives by adaptive evolution. The codons under positive selection were recognized through likelihood tests by comparing different models based on ω ratios in these genes across the vertebrate species. The positive selection test used two sets of models M1a vs. M2a and M7 vs. M8. The results showed that the test of these genes in M1a vs. M2a was not significant with the likelihood value 2ΔlnL = 0, while the likelihood ratios (2ΔlnL) were 2ΔlnL = 12.386, 2ΔlnL = 4.9283, 2ΔlnL = 24.031, and 2ΔlnL = 103.39 for PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3, and PGLYRP4 in M7 vs. M8, respectively. Our study identified the evidence of robust positive selection for these four genes across the vertebrates. These protuberant changes in PGRPs evolution of vertebrates reveal their role in innate immunity. Our study provides an insight based on PGRP genes to understand the evolution of host and pathogens interaction that leads to the progress of the novel conducts for immune diseases that include proteins linked to the recognition of pathogens.

ACS Style

Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad; Akhtar Rasool Asif; Muhammad Jamil Ahmad; Farwa Jabbir; Muhammad Adnan; Shakeel Ahmed; Gulnaz Afzal; Ali Haider Saleem; Linmiao Li; Haiying Jiang; Mario Juan Simirgiotis; Mubashar Rauf; Jinping Chen. Adaptive evolution of peptidoglycan recognition protein family regulates the innate signaling against microbial pathogens in vertebrates. Microbial Pathogenesis 2020, 147, 104361 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Akhtar Rasool Asif, Muhammad Jamil Ahmad, Farwa Jabbir, Muhammad Adnan, Shakeel Ahmed, Gulnaz Afzal, Ali Haider Saleem, Linmiao Li, Haiying Jiang, Mario Juan Simirgiotis, Mubashar Rauf, Jinping Chen. Adaptive evolution of peptidoglycan recognition protein family regulates the innate signaling against microbial pathogens in vertebrates. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2020; 147 ():104361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad; Akhtar Rasool Asif; Muhammad Jamil Ahmad; Farwa Jabbir; Muhammad Adnan; Shakeel Ahmed; Gulnaz Afzal; Ali Haider Saleem; Linmiao Li; Haiying Jiang; Mario Juan Simirgiotis; Mubashar Rauf; Jinping Chen. 2020. "Adaptive evolution of peptidoglycan recognition protein family regulates the innate signaling against microbial pathogens in vertebrates." Microbial Pathogenesis 147, no. : 104361.

Original research article
Published: 27 May 2020 in Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (Cunoniaceae) (local name, tineo; Mapuche names, madén, mëdehue) is an endemic species of Chile and Argentina used in Mapuche traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, inflammation, and wound healing. This study focused on the isolation, analysis, and characterization of the biological activity of compounds and bark extracts from this plant for the first time. The infusion and tincture of the bark were characterized regarding antioxidant and important enzyme inhibitory activities, phenolics, and flavonoids content and UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS metabolite profiling. Twenty-five metabolites were detected in the medicinal infusion of W. trichosperma, three flavonols were isolated: isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, and neoastilbin ((2R,3S)-, (2S,3R)-, and (2S,3S)-dihydroquercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside) by countercurrent chromatography, and the isomers were quantified in the bark using a validated analytical HPLC methodology. The antioxidant properties were measured by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and TEAC methods. The infusion displayed a strong DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity (IC50 = 20.58 and 3.070 µg ml−1, respectively) while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS assays. The infusion showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 442.1 mg GAE g−1 and 15.54 mg QE g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the infusion showed a good and promissory inhibitory activity (33.80%, 33.12%, and 82.86% for AChE, BuChE, and 5-hLOX, respectively) and isoastilbin (51.70%, 50.10%, and 34.29–80.71% for AChE, BuChE, and 5-hLOX, respectively). The biomolecules identified in this study support the traditional uses of this bark and the potential industrial interest from this Valdivian plant species.

ACS Style

Ruth Ester Barrientos; Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos; Edgar Pastene; Mario Simirgiotis; Javier Romero-Parra; Shakeel Ahmed; Javier Echeverría. Metabolomic Analysis, Fast Isolation of Phenolic Compounds, and Evaluation of Biological Activities of the Bark From Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (Cunoniaceae). Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020, 11, 780 .

AMA Style

Ruth Ester Barrientos, Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos, Edgar Pastene, Mario Simirgiotis, Javier Romero-Parra, Shakeel Ahmed, Javier Echeverría. Metabolomic Analysis, Fast Isolation of Phenolic Compounds, and Evaluation of Biological Activities of the Bark From Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (Cunoniaceae). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2020; 11 ():780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruth Ester Barrientos; Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos; Edgar Pastene; Mario Simirgiotis; Javier Romero-Parra; Shakeel Ahmed; Javier Echeverría. 2020. "Metabolomic Analysis, Fast Isolation of Phenolic Compounds, and Evaluation of Biological Activities of the Bark From Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (Cunoniaceae)." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11, no. : 780.

Research article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Plant Disease
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During March of 2016, a severe outbreak of inflorescence blight was observed on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus var. sativus) in agricultural fields around Guangzhou city of Guangdong province, China. Disease incidence reached up to 86% in severely infested fields. Disease surveys during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 revealed the disease incidence of 88%, 83%, and 89%, respectively, in the cucumber cultivated fields of Guangzhou. Infected plants showed as sudden blight starting at the petals’ base, and quickly progressing toward the adaxial end. Irregular black to dark brown necrotic areas of variable sizes on the surface of the tiny fruits, merging to turn the whole ovary into necrotic dark brown, and ultimately dead within 48 hours of infection initiation (formation of firm sunken areas at the floral end). Ten infected samples collected from different fields were used for pathogen isolation. Small fragments (2 mm length) were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl, followed by several rounds of washing in sterilized distilled water, plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C for three days. The pathogen was purified by successive sub-culturing onto PDA plates using the ‘Single Spore Technique’. A total of 36 morphologically similar pathogen isolates were purified. A Fusarium sp. was consistently isolated from all diseased samples. The morphological identification of the isolate was carried out according to (Leslie and Summerell, 2006). On PDA plates, fungi grew as carmine red-pigmented colonies with floccose to powdery mycelia and covered the plate after eight days of incubation at 25 ± 2 °C. Macroconidia were predominantly curved and falcate. The apical cells of macroconidia had a distinctive, strongly curved and beak-shaped morphology, whereas the basal cells were foot-shaped. The macroconidia commonly contained 3, but occasionally five septa. Sporodochia appeared as pale cream-colored after two weeks and became confluent on the plate and orange in color. Mesoconidia were fusiform or lanceolate, straight to slightly curved, and 0- to 3-septate. Aerial hyphae were present singly with polyphialides conidiogenous cells producing mesoconidia. Cross-shaped polyphialides were observed along with the rapidly produced abundant Chlamydospores. These morphological characteristics suggested that the fungus isolated from cucumber gynoecium was Fusarium nelsonii (Marasas et al., 1998). Five isolates were selected for molecular identifications. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelial masses using the Dzup DNA isolation kit (Sangon Biotechnology, Shanghai, China). To identify the isolate on the basis of multilocus sequence data (Guarro 2013; O’Donnell et al. 2015; van Diepeningen et al. 2015) three gene sequences (i.e., EF-1α, RPB1, and RPB2) were amplified using the gene-specific primers. The details of primer sets were F: GGA GGA CAA GAC TCA CCT TAA, R: TTG ATG AAA TCA CGG TGA CCG (for EF-1α), F: TCG TGC GAC TTTC GAG AAC A, R: GCA TTC GCA TCA GCC TCA AG (for RPB1), and F: ATA CCC TCA CGC AAC CAA GG, R: TGG TTG TGA TCG GGG AAA GG (for RPB2). Internet-accessible validated databases dedicated to the identification of Fusaria via nucleotide BLAST queries were approached at FUSARIUM-ID at Pennsylvania State University (http://www.fusariumdb.org) and Fusarium MLST at the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre (http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/Fusarium/). The complete amplified sequence of EF-1α (659 bp) was aligned with FD-01313 (F. nelsonii) 28505 (NRRL) at http://www.fusariumdb.org. However, the amplified sequences of RPB1 (876 bp) and RPB2 (593) were also in complete alignment with JX171447.1 and JX171561.1, respectively, at Fusarium MLST website (http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/Fusarium). It precisely identified the isolate CIB04 as F. nelsonii without any ambiguity of species complex. Thirty-days-old healthy cucumber plants of cultivar Bright, raised in plastic pots in a greenhouse were used to test the pathogenicity of the Fusarium isolates. Conidia were collected by growing isolates onto PDA for two weeks at 25 ± 2 °C and a 12 hour of photoperiod. Five isolates were used for pathogenicity assays in separate trials. The plants were inoculated by spraying conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/mL) on the inflorescence. Control plants were sprayed with distilled sterilized water. After pathogen application, all the plants were incubated in transparent boxes for one week to retain humidity. Five replicate plants were used for each individual trial, and the symptoms of disease development were found identical to the symptoms observed in Guangzhou fields. Disease symptoms appeared on all inoculated plants as necrotic gynoecium and blighted ovaries after seven to ten days of pathogen application. Control plants remained symptomless. The pathogen was re-isolated from the incubated diseased plants, and identification was confirmed again (on both morphological and molecular bases) to fulfill the requirements of Koch’s postulates. The complete round of Koch’s postulates was repeated twice before declaring the isolate (CIB04) as a causal agent of the disease. The species was first described by Marasas et al. (1998) from the fields of Sorghum bicolor, and Medicago sativa in South Africa. The pathogen was reported a second time from wheat in Iran by Chehri et al. (2010), and from sorghum samples in India by Lincy et al. (2011). Due to the unavailability of data about mycotoxins, the species was given minor quarantine importance. However, Astoreca et al. (2019) classified it under potentially aflatoxin producing species without describing its production quantities. It is evident from previous reports that the fungal pathogen is broadening its host range; and in the current investigation, it is the first time being reported as a causal agent of the devastating disease ‘cucumber inflorescence blight’ in China....

ACS Style

Aqeel Ahmad; Waheed Akram; Iqra Shahzadi; Rui Wang; Du Hu; Guihua Li; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Shakeel Ahmed; Tingquan Wu. First Report of Fusarium nelsonii Causing Early-Stage Fruit Blight of Cucumber in Guangzhou, China. Plant Disease 2020, 104, 1542 .

AMA Style

Aqeel Ahmad, Waheed Akram, Iqra Shahzadi, Rui Wang, Du Hu, Guihua Li, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Shakeel Ahmed, Tingquan Wu. First Report of Fusarium nelsonii Causing Early-Stage Fruit Blight of Cucumber in Guangzhou, China. Plant Disease. 2020; 104 (5):1542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aqeel Ahmad; Waheed Akram; Iqra Shahzadi; Rui Wang; Du Hu; Guihua Li; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Shakeel Ahmed; Tingquan Wu. 2020. "First Report of Fusarium nelsonii Causing Early-Stage Fruit Blight of Cucumber in Guangzhou, China." Plant Disease 104, no. 5: 1542.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2020 in Biologia
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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are prevalent enzymes, capable of multifaceted tasks like cellular detoxification and stress resistance. Our study was focused on the thorough genome-wide investigation of the GST gene family in the soybean (G. max). The results of this study led to the identification of no less than 74 GST genes in soybean, which is higher than several other reported species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GSTs can be subdivided into various classes with each individual class being significantly conserved. Maximum members of the GST family has found in tau class being 37 members, preceding phi and lambda class. Studies for chromosomal localization demonstrated significantly lopsided allocation of GmGST genes all over the soybean genome. Several members of GmGST revealed tissue-specific expression during the transcript profiling for 74 GmGST genes. Furthermore, responsive cis-regulatory elements have found in GmGST genes during promoter analysis. The 12 paralogous pairs have found due to segmental duplication in the GmGST gene family and present on 19 different chromosomes. The Ka/Ks ratio of paralogous pair showed that the evolution in duplicated genes was under purifying selection and duplication has done during recent and ancient times as well. Such findings will help for future studies on GST genes in soybean related to the functional and evolutionary characterization.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad; Jamal Abdul Nasir; Shakeel Ahmed; Bushra Ahmad; Aiman Sana; Said Salman; Zamarud Shah; Cunyi Yang. Genome-wide analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in G. max. Biologia 2020, 75, 1691 -1705.

AMA Style

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad, Jamal Abdul Nasir, Shakeel Ahmed, Bushra Ahmad, Aiman Sana, Said Salman, Zamarud Shah, Cunyi Yang. Genome-wide analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in G. max. Biologia. 2020; 75 (10):1691-1705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad; Jamal Abdul Nasir; Shakeel Ahmed; Bushra Ahmad; Aiman Sana; Said Salman; Zamarud Shah; Cunyi Yang. 2020. "Genome-wide analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in G. max." Biologia 75, no. 10: 1691-1705.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2020 in Biomolecules
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The current study enlists metabolites of Alstonia scholaris with bioactivities, and the most active compound, 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine, was selected against Macrophomina phaseolina. Appraisal of the Alstonia metabolites identified the 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine as a bioactive compound which elevated vitamins and nutritional contents of Vigna unguiculata up to ≥18%, and other physiological parameters up to 28.9%. The bioactive compound (0.1%) upregulated key defense genes, shifted defense metabolism from salicylic acid to jasmonic acid, and induced glucanase enzymes for improved defenses. The structural studies categorized four glucanase-isozymes under beta-glycanases falling in (Trans) glycosidases with TIM beta/alpha-barrel fold. The study determined key-protein factors (Q9SAJ4) for elevated nutritional contents, along with its structural and functional mechanisms, as well as interactions with other loci. The nicotine-docked Q9SAJ4 protein showed a 200% elevated activity and interacted with AT1G79550.2, AT1G12900.1, AT1G13440.1, AT3G04120.1, and AT3G26650.1 loci to ramp up the metabolic processes. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the physiological mechanism involved in the enrichment of the nutritional contents of V. unguiculata. Metabolic studies concluded that increased melibiose and glucose 6-phosphate contents, accompanied by reduced trehalose (-0.9-fold), with sugar drifts to downstream pyruvate biosynthesis and acetyl Co-A metabolism mainly triggered nutritional contents. Hydrogen bonding at residues G.357, G.380, and G.381 docked nicotine with Q9SAJ4 and transformed its bilobed structure for easy exposure toward substrate molecules. The current study augments the nutritional value of edible stuff and supports agriculture-based country economies.

ACS Style

Aqeel Ahmad; Tanveer Alam Khan; Samavia Mubeen; Iqra Shahzadi; Waheed Akram; Taiba Saeed; Zoobia Bashir; Rui Wang; Mufid Alam; Shakeel Ahmed; Du Hu; Guihua Li; Tingquan Wu. Metabolic and Proteomic Perspectives of Augmentation of Nutritional Contents and Plant Defense in Vigna unguiculata. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 224 .

AMA Style

Aqeel Ahmad, Tanveer Alam Khan, Samavia Mubeen, Iqra Shahzadi, Waheed Akram, Taiba Saeed, Zoobia Bashir, Rui Wang, Mufid Alam, Shakeel Ahmed, Du Hu, Guihua Li, Tingquan Wu. Metabolic and Proteomic Perspectives of Augmentation of Nutritional Contents and Plant Defense in Vigna unguiculata. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (2):224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aqeel Ahmad; Tanveer Alam Khan; Samavia Mubeen; Iqra Shahzadi; Waheed Akram; Taiba Saeed; Zoobia Bashir; Rui Wang; Mufid Alam; Shakeel Ahmed; Du Hu; Guihua Li; Tingquan Wu. 2020. "Metabolic and Proteomic Perspectives of Augmentation of Nutritional Contents and Plant Defense in Vigna unguiculata." Biomolecules 10, no. 2: 224.

Evaluation study
Published: 26 November 2019 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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Background Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (Chinese kale) is an important vegetable grown in southern China. This study was aimed at searching for environmental‐friendly and affordable approaches to increase the production of medicinally relevant glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants. For this purpose, the foliar application of liquiritin at 0 (control), 250, 500, and 750 ppm was tested starting from the four‐leaf stage and repeated every two weeks until plants were two‐month‐old. Results Foliar application of liquiritin in Chinese kale plants significantly increased glucosinolates and total phenolic content, in a dose‐dependent manner. Compared with control plants, 2.3‐ and 1.9‐fold increases in yields of glucosinolates and total phenolic content, respectively, were corroborated in Chinese kale plants treated with 750 ppm of liquiritin. Along with rises in the content of eight different glucosinolates, liquiritin elicitation effectively increased the concentration of glycosilated and acylated flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. The expression of genes involved in glucosinolates and phenolics biosynthesis was significantly higher in liquiritin‐treated plants as compared to controls. Conclusion Liquiritin elicitation is a feasible and environmental‐friendly practice to increase the production of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants, which may improve this plant's value as a nutraceutical food. This study also contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying liquiritin elicitation. This is the first report documenting the use of liquiritin for an elicitation purpose in plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Waheed Akram; Taiba Saeed; Aqeel Ahmad; Nasim Yasin; Muhammad Akbar; Waheed Ullah Khan; Shakeel Ahmed; Juxian Guo; Wenlong Luo; Tingquan Wu; Guihua Li. Liquiritin elicitation can increase the content of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2019, 100, 1616 -1624.

AMA Style

Waheed Akram, Taiba Saeed, Aqeel Ahmad, Nasim Yasin, Muhammad Akbar, Waheed Ullah Khan, Shakeel Ahmed, Juxian Guo, Wenlong Luo, Tingquan Wu, Guihua Li. Liquiritin elicitation can increase the content of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2019; 100 (4):1616-1624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waheed Akram; Taiba Saeed; Aqeel Ahmad; Nasim Yasin; Muhammad Akbar; Waheed Ullah Khan; Shakeel Ahmed; Juxian Guo; Wenlong Luo; Tingquan Wu; Guihua Li. 2019. "Liquiritin elicitation can increase the content of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, no. 4: 1616-1624.

Research article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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Background Tomato is an important food item and a cocktail of phytonutrients. In the current study, metabolites from a nonpathogenic fungal species Penicillium oxalicum have been exploited to obtain nutritionally augmented tomato fruits from the plants having better withstand against Alternaria alternata infection. Results Initially, bioactivity‐guided assay and chromatographic analyses identified the bioactive metabolites of P. oxalicum (benzenedicarboxylic acid‐BDA and benzimidazole). Then, ≥3 times elevated quantities of vitamins and other nutritional elements (protein, fat, fibers, and carbohydrates) were achieved by the foliar application of BDA. The maximum increase (625.81%) was recorded in riboflavin contents; however, thiamine showed the second highest enhancement (542.86%). Plant metabolites analysis revealed that jasmonic acid contents were boosted 121.53% to significantly enhance guaiacyl lignin defenses along with the reduction in coumarin contents. The protein profile analysis explored three most actively responding protein species toward BDA applications, (i) palmitoyltransferase protein Q9FLM3, (ii) Serine/threonine‐protein kinase O48814, and (iii) E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase Q9FJQ8. The O48814 improve plant defenses; whereas, Q9FJQ8 protein was negatively regulating cysteine‐type endopeptidase activity and assisted plant to resist schedule alterations. Tomato cultivar with more active innate metabolism was found to be more responsive toward BDA. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds were enriched by using the two‐step extraction method of ethyl acetate and chloroform, respectively. Conclusion P. oxalicum a nonpathogenic fungal species, produced BDA, induced nutritional contents in tomato and protected it against A. alternata. The current study is the first report about the bioactivity of BDA and benzimidazole concerning the nutritional enhancement and plant defense improvement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Aqeel Ahmad; Waheed Akram; Iqra Shahzadi; Rui Wang; Du Hu; Zoobia Bashir; Waqar Jaleel; Shakeel Ahmed; Wajeeha Tariq; Guihua Li; Tingquan Wu; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Shazia Shafique; Shazia Shefique. Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2019, 99, 6139 -6154.

AMA Style

Aqeel Ahmad, Waheed Akram, Iqra Shahzadi, Rui Wang, Du Hu, Zoobia Bashir, Waqar Jaleel, Shakeel Ahmed, Wajeeha Tariq, Guihua Li, Tingquan Wu, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Shazia Shafique, Shazia Shefique. Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2019; 99 (14):6139-6154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aqeel Ahmad; Waheed Akram; Iqra Shahzadi; Rui Wang; Du Hu; Zoobia Bashir; Waqar Jaleel; Shakeel Ahmed; Wajeeha Tariq; Guihua Li; Tingquan Wu; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Shazia Shafique; Shazia Shefique. 2019. "Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99, no. 14: 6139-6154.

Article
Published: 23 May 2019 in Plant Molecular Biology
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A vital role of short amino acid gene family, gibberellic acid stimulated arabidopsis (GASA), has been reported in plant growth and development. Although, little information is available about these cysteine rich short proteins in different plant species and this is the first comprehensive approach to exploit available genomic data and to analyze the GASA family in G. max. The phylogenetic and sequence composition analysis distributed the 37 identified GmGASA genes into three groups. Further investigation of the tissue expression pattern, phylogenetic analysis, motif, gene structure, chromosome distributions, duplication patterns, positive-selection pressure and cis-element analysis of 37 GmGASA genes. A conserved GASA domain was found in all identified GmGASA genes and exhibited similar characteristics. The online gene expression profile based analysis of GmGASA genes reveled that these genes were highly expressed in almost all soybean parts and some have high expression in flower which indicates that GmGASA genes displayed special or distinct expression pattern among different tissues. The segmental duplication was found in five pairs from 37 GmGASA genes and was distributed on 15 different chromosomes. The Ka/Ks ratio of 5 pairs of segmentally duplicated gene indicated that after the occurrence of duplication events, the duplicated gene pairs were purified and selected after restrictive functional differentiation. This investigated study of GmGASA gene will useful to support the statement about GASA genes role during flower induction in flowering plants.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad; Aiman Sana; Arshad Jamil; Jamal Abdul Nasir; Shakeel Ahmed; Muhammad Uzair Hameed; Abdullah. A genome-wide approach to the comprehensive analysis of GASA gene family in Glycine max. Plant Molecular Biology 2019, 100, 607 -620.

AMA Style

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad, Aiman Sana, Arshad Jamil, Jamal Abdul Nasir, Shakeel Ahmed, Muhammad Uzair Hameed, Abdullah. A genome-wide approach to the comprehensive analysis of GASA gene family in Glycine max. Plant Molecular Biology. 2019; 100 (6):607-620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad; Aiman Sana; Arshad Jamil; Jamal Abdul Nasir; Shakeel Ahmed; Muhammad Uzair Hameed; Abdullah. 2019. "A genome-wide approach to the comprehensive analysis of GASA gene family in Glycine max." Plant Molecular Biology 100, no. 6: 607-620.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in The Pakistan Veterinary Journal
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ACS Style

Hailong Dong; Shakeel Ahmed. Protective Effects of Salidroside and Dexamethasone against E.coli-Induced Inflammatory Response on Endometrial Epithelium Cells in Yaks. The Pakistan Veterinary Journal 2019, 39, 101 -105.

AMA Style

Hailong Dong, Shakeel Ahmed. Protective Effects of Salidroside and Dexamethasone against E.coli-Induced Inflammatory Response on Endometrial Epithelium Cells in Yaks. The Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2019; 39 (1):101-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hailong Dong; Shakeel Ahmed. 2019. "Protective Effects of Salidroside and Dexamethasone against E.coli-Induced Inflammatory Response on Endometrial Epithelium Cells in Yaks." The Pakistan Veterinary Journal 39, no. 1: 101-105.

Research article
Published: 18 September 2018 in PLOS ONE
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Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) is widely distributed weedy plant used as a traditional medicinal herb. The population genetics and historical biogeography of this plant have remained relatively unexplored. This study explores phylogeny, population genetics and ancestral reconstructions adopting multi locus sequence typing (MLST) approach. MLST sequences dataset was generated from genomics and chloroplast DNA sequences obtained from 31 T. officinale haplotypes located in 16 different countries. Phylogenetic analysis distributed these haplotypes in well differentiated geographic clades. The study suggested a close relationship between Europe and adjacent Asian countries. Populations of these regions predominantly formed common haplogroups, showed considerable level of gene flow and evidence for recombination events across European and Asian population. Biogeographical inferences obtained by applying statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis (S-DIVA) and Bayesian binary MCMC (BBM) analysis showed that T. officinale was putatively originated in Europe. Molecular clock analysis based on ITS dataset suggested that the divergence between Europe and East Asian populations can be dated to 1.07 Mya with subsequent dispersal and vicariance events. Among different spatial process long distance seed dispersal mediated by wind had potentially assisted the population expansion of T. officinale.

ACS Style

Mohammadjavad Jafari; Waheed Akram; Yanju Pang; Aqeel Ahmad; Shakeel Ahmed; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Tehmina Anjum; Basharat Ali; Xiangdong Hu; Xiaohua Li; Shuang Dong; Qian Cai; Matteo Ciprian; Monika Bielec; Sheng Hu; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Xuebo Hu. Genetic diversity and biogeography of T. officinale inferred from multi locus sequence typing approach. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0203275 .

AMA Style

Mohammadjavad Jafari, Waheed Akram, Yanju Pang, Aqeel Ahmad, Shakeel Ahmed, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Tehmina Anjum, Basharat Ali, Xiangdong Hu, Xiaohua Li, Shuang Dong, Qian Cai, Matteo Ciprian, Monika Bielec, Sheng Hu, Fatemeh Sefidkon, Xuebo Hu. Genetic diversity and biogeography of T. officinale inferred from multi locus sequence typing approach. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (9):e0203275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammadjavad Jafari; Waheed Akram; Yanju Pang; Aqeel Ahmad; Shakeel Ahmed; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Tehmina Anjum; Basharat Ali; Xiangdong Hu; Xiaohua Li; Shuang Dong; Qian Cai; Matteo Ciprian; Monika Bielec; Sheng Hu; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Xuebo Hu. 2018. "Genetic diversity and biogeography of T. officinale inferred from multi locus sequence typing approach." PLOS ONE 13, no. 9: e0203275.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
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Anemone flaccida Fr. Shmidt (Ranunculaceae), known as 'Di Wu' in China, is a perennial herb which has long been used to treat arthritis. The rhizome of A. flaccida contains pharmacologically active components i.e. oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins. Oleanolic acid is natural triterpenoid in plants with diverse biological activities. The biosynthesis of oleanolic acid involves cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to the oleanane-type triterpenoid skeleton, followed by a series of oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450). Previously, we identified four possible cytochrome P450 genes belonging to CYP716A subfamily from the transcriptome of A. flaccida. In this study, we identified one of those genes "CYP716A254" encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from A. flaccida that catalyzes the conversion of the β-amyrin into oleanolic acid. The heterologous expression of CYP716A254 in yeast resulted in oxidation of β-amyrin at the C-18 position to oleanolic acid production. These results provide an important basis for further studies of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins synthesis in A. flaccida.

ACS Style

Chuansong Zhan; Shakeel Ahmed; Sheng Hu; Shuang Dong; Qian Cai; Tewu Yang; Xuekui Wang; Xiaohua Li; Xuebo Hu. Cytochrome P450 CYP716A254 catalyzes the formation of oleanolic acid from β-amyrin during oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in Anemone flaccida. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2018, 495, 1271 -1277.

AMA Style

Chuansong Zhan, Shakeel Ahmed, Sheng Hu, Shuang Dong, Qian Cai, Tewu Yang, Xuekui Wang, Xiaohua Li, Xuebo Hu. Cytochrome P450 CYP716A254 catalyzes the formation of oleanolic acid from β-amyrin during oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in Anemone flaccida. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2018; 495 (1):1271-1277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuansong Zhan; Shakeel Ahmed; Sheng Hu; Shuang Dong; Qian Cai; Tewu Yang; Xuekui Wang; Xiaohua Li; Xuebo Hu. 2018. "Cytochrome P450 CYP716A254 catalyzes the formation of oleanolic acid from β-amyrin during oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in Anemone flaccida." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 495, no. 1: 1271-1277.