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Dr. alessandro zaldei
National Research Council - CNR Institute for Bioeconomy

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0 Air Quality
0 Environmental Monitoring
0 Urban climate
0 Environmental sensors
0 Sensor development

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Journal article
Published: 19 August 2021 in Atmosphere
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Low-cost air quality stations can provide useful data that can offer a complete picture of urban air quality dynamics, especially when integrated with daily measurements from reference air quality stations. However, the success of such deployment depends on the measurement accuracy and the capability of resolving spatial and temporal gradients within a spatial domain. In this work, an ensemble of three low-cost stations named “AirQino” was deployed to monitor particulate matter (PM) concentrations over three different sites in an area affected by poor air quality conditions. Data of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were collected for about two years following a protocol based on field calibration and validation with a reference station. Results indicated that: (i) AirQino station measurements were accurate and stable during co-location periods over time (R2 = 0.5–0.83 and RMSE = 6.4–11.2 μg m−3; valid data: 87.7–95.7%), resolving current spatial and temporal gradients; (ii) spatial variability of anthropogenic emissions was mainly due to extensive use of wood for household heating; (iii) the high temporal resolution made it possible to detect time occurrence and strength of PM10 concentration peaks; (iv) the number of episodes above the 1-h threshold of 90 μg m−3 and their persistence were higher under urban and industrial sites compared to the rural area.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Brilli; Federico Carotenuto; Bianca Patrizia Andreini; Alice Cavaliere; Andrea Esposito; Beniamino Gioli; Francesca Martelli; Marco Stefanelli; Carolina Vagnoli; Stefania Venturi; Alessandro Zaldei; Giovanni Gualtieri. Low-Cost Air Quality Stations’ Capability to Integrate Reference Stations in Particulate Matter Dynamics Assessment. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1065 .

AMA Style

Lorenzo Brilli, Federico Carotenuto, Bianca Patrizia Andreini, Alice Cavaliere, Andrea Esposito, Beniamino Gioli, Francesca Martelli, Marco Stefanelli, Carolina Vagnoli, Stefania Venturi, Alessandro Zaldei, Giovanni Gualtieri. Low-Cost Air Quality Stations’ Capability to Integrate Reference Stations in Particulate Matter Dynamics Assessment. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (8):1065.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Brilli; Federico Carotenuto; Bianca Patrizia Andreini; Alice Cavaliere; Andrea Esposito; Beniamino Gioli; Francesca Martelli; Marco Stefanelli; Carolina Vagnoli; Stefania Venturi; Alessandro Zaldei; Giovanni Gualtieri. 2021. "Low-Cost Air Quality Stations’ Capability to Integrate Reference Stations in Particulate Matter Dynamics Assessment." Atmosphere 12, no. 8: 1065.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2020 in Environmental Pollution
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Covid19-induced lockdown measures caused modifications in atmospheric pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. Urban road traffic was the most impacted, with 48‒60% average reduction in Italy. This offered an unprecedented opportunity to assess how a prolonged (∼2 months) and remarkable abatement of traffic emissions impacted on urban air quality. Six out of the eight most populated cities in Italy with different climatic conditions were analysed: Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Palermo. The selected scenario (24/02/2020‒30/04/2020) was compared to a meteorologically comparable scenario in 2019 (25/02/2019–02/05/2019). NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 observations from 58 air quality and meteorological stations were used, while traffic mobility was derived from municipality-scale big data. NO2 levels remarkably dropped over all urban areas (from ‒24.9% in Milan to ‒59.1% in Naples), to an extent roughly proportional but lower than traffic reduction. Conversely, O3 concentrations remained unchanged or even increased (up to 13.7% in Palermo and 14.7% in Rome), likely because of the reduced O3 titration triggered by lower NO emissions from vehicles, and lower NOx emissions over typical VOCs-limited environments such as urban areas, not compensated by comparable VOCs emissions reductions. PM10 exhibited reductions up to 31.5% (Palermo) and increases up to 7.3% (Naples), while PM2.5 showed reductions of ∼13–17% counterbalanced by increases up to ∼9%. Higher household heating usage (+16–19% in March), also driven by colder weather conditions than 2019 (‒0.2 to ‒0.8 °C) may partly explain primary PM emissions increase, while an increase in agriculture activities may account for the NH3 emissions increase leading to secondary aerosol formation. This study confirmed the complex nature of atmospheric pollution even when a major emission source is clearly isolated and controlled, and the need for consistent decarbonisation efforts across all emission sectors to really improve air quality and public health. Main finding A 2-month urban traffic ban extended to the whole Italy only significantly reduced NO2 levels, while O3, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were affected to a minor extent.

ACS Style

Giovanni Gualtieri; Lorenzo Brilli; Federico Carotenuto; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. Quantifying road traffic impact on air quality in urban areas: A Covid19-induced lockdown analysis in Italy. Environmental Pollution 2020, 267, 115682 -115682.

AMA Style

Giovanni Gualtieri, Lorenzo Brilli, Federico Carotenuto, Carolina Vagnoli, Alessandro Zaldei, Beniamino Gioli. Quantifying road traffic impact on air quality in urban areas: A Covid19-induced lockdown analysis in Italy. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 267 ():115682-115682.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Gualtieri; Lorenzo Brilli; Federico Carotenuto; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. 2020. "Quantifying road traffic impact on air quality in urban areas: A Covid19-induced lockdown analysis in Italy." Environmental Pollution 267, no. : 115682-115682.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2020 in Sensors
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This study aims to test the performances of a low-cost and automatic phenotyping platform, consisting of a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) commercial camera scanning objects on rotating plates and the reconstruction of main plant phenotypic traits via the structure for motion approach (SfM). The precision of this platform was tested in relation to three-dimensional (3D) models generated from images of potted maize, tomato and olive tree, acquired at a different frequency (steps of 4°, 8° and 12°) and quality (4.88, 6.52 and 9.77 µm/pixel). Plant and organs heights, angles and areas were extracted from the 3D models generated for each combination of these factors. Coefficient of determination (R2), relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were used as goodness-of-fit indexes to compare the simulated to the observed data. The results indicated that while the best performances in reproducing plant traits were obtained using 90 images at 4.88 µm/pixel (R2 = 0.81, rRMSE = 9.49% and AIC = 35.78), this corresponded to an unviable processing time (from 2.46 h to 28.25 h for herbaceous plants and olive trees, respectively). Conversely, 30 images at 4.88 µm/pixel resulted in a good compromise between a reliable reconstruction of considered traits (R2 = 0.72, rRMSE = 11.92% and AIC = 42.59) and processing time (from 0.50 h to 2.05 h for herbaceous plants and olive trees, respectively). In any case, the results pointed out that this input combination may vary based on the trait under analysis, which can be more or less demanding in terms of input images and time according to the complexity of its shape (R2 = 0.83, rRSME = 10.15% and AIC = 38.78). These findings highlight the reliability of the developed low-cost platform for plant phenotyping, further indicating the best combination of factors to speed up the acquisition and elaboration process, at the same time minimizing the bias between observed and simulated data.

ACS Style

Riccardo Rossi; Claudio Leolini; Sergi Costafreda-Aumedes; Luisa Leolini; Marco Bindi; Alessandro Zaldei; Marco Moriondo. Performances Evaluation of a Low-Cost Platform for High-Resolution Plant Phenotyping. Sensors 2020, 20, 3150 .

AMA Style

Riccardo Rossi, Claudio Leolini, Sergi Costafreda-Aumedes, Luisa Leolini, Marco Bindi, Alessandro Zaldei, Marco Moriondo. Performances Evaluation of a Low-Cost Platform for High-Resolution Plant Phenotyping. Sensors. 2020; 20 (11):3150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Riccardo Rossi; Claudio Leolini; Sergi Costafreda-Aumedes; Luisa Leolini; Marco Bindi; Alessandro Zaldei; Marco Moriondo. 2020. "Performances Evaluation of a Low-Cost Platform for High-Resolution Plant Phenotyping." Sensors 20, no. 11: 3150.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2020 in Drones
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In forests with dense mixed canopies, laser scanning is often the only effective technique to acquire forest inventory attributes, rather than structure-from-motion optical methods. This study investigates the potential of laser scanner data collected with a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanner (UAV-LS), for individual tree crown (ITC) delineation to derive forest biometric parameters, over two-layered dense mixed forest stands in central Italy. A raster-based local maxima region growing algorithm (itcLiDAR) and a point cloud-based algorithm (li2012) were applied to isolate individual tree crowns, compute height and crown area, estimate the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the above ground biomass (AGB) of individual trees. To maximize the level of detection rate, the ITC algorithm parameters were tuned varying 1350 setting combinations and matching the segmented trees with field measured trees. For each setting, the delineation accuracy was assessed by computing the detection rate, the omission and commission errors over three forest plots. Segmentation using itcLiDAR showed detection rates between 40% and 57%, while ITC delineation was successful at segmenting trees with DBH larger than 10 cm (detection rate ~78%), while failed to detect trees with smaller DBH (detection rate ~37%). The performance of li2012 was quite lower with the higher detection rate equal to 27%. Errors and goodness-of-fit between field-surveyed and flight-derived biometric parameters (AGB and tree height) were species-dependent, with higher error and lower r2 for shorter species that constitute the lowermost layer of the forest. Overall, while the application of UAV-LS to delineate tree crowns and estimate biometric parameters is satisfactory, its accuracy is affected by the presence of a multilayered and multispecies canopy that will require specific approaches and algorithms to better deal with the added complexity.

ACS Style

Chiara Torresan; Federico Carotenuto; Ugo Chiavetta; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. Individual Tree Crown Segmentation in Two-Layered Dense Mixed Forests from UAV LiDAR Data. Drones 2020, 4, 10 .

AMA Style

Chiara Torresan, Federico Carotenuto, Ugo Chiavetta, Franco Miglietta, Alessandro Zaldei, Beniamino Gioli. Individual Tree Crown Segmentation in Two-Layered Dense Mixed Forests from UAV LiDAR Data. Drones. 2020; 4 (2):10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Torresan; Federico Carotenuto; Ugo Chiavetta; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. 2020. "Individual Tree Crown Segmentation in Two-Layered Dense Mixed Forests from UAV LiDAR Data." Drones 4, no. 2: 10.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2020 in Sensors
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The Arctic is an important natural laboratory that is extremely sensitive to climatic changes and its monitoring is, therefore, of great importance. Due to the environmental extremes it is often hard to deploy sensors and observations are limited to a few sparse observation points limiting the spatial and temporal coverage of the Arctic measurement. Given these constraints the possibility of deploying a rugged network of low-cost sensors remains an interesting and convenient option. The present work validates for the first time a low-cost sensor array (AIRQino) for monitoring basic meteorological parameters and atmospheric composition in the Arctic (air temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and CO2). AIRQino was deployed for one year in the Svalbard archipelago and its outputs compared with reference sensors. Results show good agreement with the reference meteorological parameters (air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH)) with correlation coefficients above 0.8 and small absolute errors (≈1 °C for temperature and ≈6% for RH). Particulate matter (PM) low-cost sensors show a good linearity (r2 ≈ 0.8) and small absolute errors for both PM2.5 and PM10 (≈1 µg m−3 for PM2.5 and ≈3 µg m−3 for PM10), while overall accuracy is impacted both by the unknown composition of the local aerosol, and by high humidity conditions likely generating hygroscopic effects. CO2 exhibits a satisfying agreement with r2 around 0.70 and an absolute error of ≈23 mg m−3. Overall these results, coupled with an excellent data coverage and scarce need of maintenance make the AIRQino or similar devices integrations an interesting tool for future extended sensor networks also in the Arctic environment.

ACS Style

Federico Carotenuto; Lorenzo Brilli; Beniamino Gioli; Giovanni Gualtieri; Carolina Vagnoli; Mauro Mazzola; Angelo Pietro Viola; Vito Vitale; Mirko Severi; Rita Traversi; Alessandro Zaldei. Long-Term Performance Assessment of Low-Cost Atmospheric Sensors in the Arctic Environment. Sensors 2020, 20, 1919 .

AMA Style

Federico Carotenuto, Lorenzo Brilli, Beniamino Gioli, Giovanni Gualtieri, Carolina Vagnoli, Mauro Mazzola, Angelo Pietro Viola, Vito Vitale, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Alessandro Zaldei. Long-Term Performance Assessment of Low-Cost Atmospheric Sensors in the Arctic Environment. Sensors. 2020; 20 (7):1919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Carotenuto; Lorenzo Brilli; Beniamino Gioli; Giovanni Gualtieri; Carolina Vagnoli; Mauro Mazzola; Angelo Pietro Viola; Vito Vitale; Mirko Severi; Rita Traversi; Alessandro Zaldei. 2020. "Long-Term Performance Assessment of Low-Cost Atmospheric Sensors in the Arctic Environment." Sensors 20, no. 7: 1919.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Lakes are considered an important natural source of methane (CH4). However, direct measurements of lake-atmosphere gas exchange are still sparse especially in the Alpine region. To overcome this shortcoming, we designed a mobile eddy covariance (EC) station to measure CO2, CH4, and energy fluxes at various lakes in the Alps. EC measurements were compared to flux measurements using floating chambers and related to abiotic and biotic factors like temperature, lake morphometry, dissolved components and trophic status.

During the first year, measurements were conducted at 9 lakes at different elevations ranging from 200 to 1900 m.a.s.l. to capture the spatial variability. The following year, measurements were repeated more frequently at three contrasting lakes to capture the seasonal trends of the fluxes.

The results indicate that all lakes were supersaturated with CH4. However, there was a high variability in the magnitude of CH4 emissions between lakes with generally higher emissions from warmer lakes at low elevation. In particular, the lake at the lowest elevation, Lake Caldaro, had highest dissolved CH4 concentrations and emissions and showed a clear seasonal trend with emissions peaking during the hot summer months. In contrast, the lake at the highest elevation, Lake Zoccolo, showed low CH4 concentrations and emissions with highest concentrations in fall when the water level was low.

ACS Style

Katharina Scholz; Federico Carotenuto; Beniamino Gioli; Franco Miglietta; Sylvie Pighini; Ruben Sommaruga; Enrico Tomelleri; Giustino Tonon; Alessandro Zaldei; Georg Wohlfahrt. Methane emissions from lakes in the Alpine region: insights from two years of mobile eddy covariance flux measurements. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Katharina Scholz, Federico Carotenuto, Beniamino Gioli, Franco Miglietta, Sylvie Pighini, Ruben Sommaruga, Enrico Tomelleri, Giustino Tonon, Alessandro Zaldei, Georg Wohlfahrt. Methane emissions from lakes in the Alpine region: insights from two years of mobile eddy covariance flux measurements. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katharina Scholz; Federico Carotenuto; Beniamino Gioli; Franco Miglietta; Sylvie Pighini; Ruben Sommaruga; Enrico Tomelleri; Giustino Tonon; Alessandro Zaldei; Georg Wohlfahrt. 2020. "Methane emissions from lakes in the Alpine region: insights from two years of mobile eddy covariance flux measurements." , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 11 December 2019
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Lakes have a controversial climate footprint. In fact, they are a sink of CO2 but at the same time they can be an important source of CH4. Indeed, a global synthesis of methane emission data (Bastviken et al., 2011) suggests that freshwater ecosystems - in particular lakes - may be much larger sources of methane than previously thought, questioning current methane budgets and the general role of freshwater ecosystems in the greenhouse gas balance. The main objective of this study is to improve data availability and quality regarding methane emissions from lakes in the Alpine region - a region that presently is heavily under-represented in global data sets - in order to allow a robust assessment of their role in the global greenhouse gas balance. This is of fundamental importance for the assessment of CH4 emissions from regions particularly sensitive to an increasing climatic variability. Aiming at spatial and temporal representativeness of flux measurements, we made use of an innovative mobile eddy covariance system. We installed the instruments on a small boat, and we performed measurements while cruising. Meteorological and bio-physical data got recorded simultaneously to investigate drivers of gas fluxes by means of empirical modelling. Additionally, we made use of classical chamber measurements for validating our approach. In this fashion, we investigated a number of natural and man-made lakes across a transect of two degrees of latitude across the Alps. In fact, the alpine region provides a unique opportunity to assess the role of environmental drivers on GHG emissions over a limited latitudinal range in an altitude-for-time substitution manner. We repeatedly visited target lakes across the ice-free season during the years 2018 and 2019. We demonstrated that our method is valid for capturing methane emissions from different pathways (diffusion but also ebullition and transport through vegetation). We found that most of the lakes are supersaturated and the highest emissions were measured in shallow and eutrophic lakes at low altitude. In conclusion, with this study we were able to develop new insights on the role of freshwater ecosystems in the global methane budget. References: Bastviken D, Tranvik LJ, Downing JA, Crill PM, Enrich‐Prast A (2011). Freshwater methane emissions offset the continental carbon sink. Science 331, 50.

ACS Style

Enrico TomelleriiD; Sylvie Pighini; Katharina ScholziD; Ruben SommarugaiD; Giustino Tonon; Federico Carotenuto; Beniamino GioliiD; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Georg WohlfahrtiD. How Relevant are Freshwater Ecosystems for the Global Methane Budget? 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Enrico TomelleriiD, Sylvie Pighini, Katharina ScholziD, Ruben SommarugaiD, Giustino Tonon, Federico Carotenuto, Beniamino GioliiD, Franco Miglietta, Alessandro Zaldei, Georg WohlfahrtiD. How Relevant are Freshwater Ecosystems for the Global Methane Budget? . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico TomelleriiD; Sylvie Pighini; Katharina ScholziD; Ruben SommarugaiD; Giustino Tonon; Federico Carotenuto; Beniamino GioliiD; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Georg WohlfahrtiD. 2019. "How Relevant are Freshwater Ecosystems for the Global Methane Budget?" , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The composition in Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) of the biogas produced by seven landfills of Giugliano (Naples, Campania, Italy) was determined and VOC emission rates assessed to verify if these compounds represent a potential threat to the population living nearby. VOC composition in the biogas could not be predicted, as heterogeneous waste was dumped from the late 1980s to the early 2000s and then underwent biological degradation. No data are available on the amount and composition of VOC in the biogas before the landfills closure as no operational biogas collection system was present. In this study, VOC composition was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), after collecting samples from collection pipes and from soil fractures in cover soil or capping. Individual VOC were quantified and data compared with those collected at two landfills in Latium, when they were still in operation. Relevant differences were observed, mainly due to waste aging, but no specific VOC revealing toxic waste dumping was found, although the concurrent presence of certain compounds suggested that dumping of industrial wastes might have occurred. The average VOC emission was assessed and a dispersion model was run to find out if the emitted plume could affect the health of population. The results suggested that fugitive emissions did not represent a serious danger, since the concentrations simulated at the neighboring cities were below the threshold limits for acute and chronic diseases. However, VOC plume could cause annoyance at night when the steady state conditions of the atmosphere enhance pollutants accumulation in the lower layers. In addition, some of the emitted VOC, such as alkylbenzenes and monoterpenes, can contribute to tropospheric ozone formation.

ACS Style

Giulia Carriero; Luisa Neri; Daniela Famulari; Sara Di Lonardo; Daniela Piscitelli; Antonio Manco; Andrea Esposito; Adriano Chirico; Osvaldo Facini; Sandro Finardi; Gianni Tinarelli; Rossella Prandi; Alessandro Zaldei; Carolina Vagnoli; Piero Toscano; Vincenzo Magliulo; Paolo Ciccioli; Rita Baraldi. Composition and emission of VOC from biogas produced by illegally managed waste landfills in Giugliano (Campania, Italy) and potential impact on the local population. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 640-641, 377 -386.

AMA Style

Giulia Carriero, Luisa Neri, Daniela Famulari, Sara Di Lonardo, Daniela Piscitelli, Antonio Manco, Andrea Esposito, Adriano Chirico, Osvaldo Facini, Sandro Finardi, Gianni Tinarelli, Rossella Prandi, Alessandro Zaldei, Carolina Vagnoli, Piero Toscano, Vincenzo Magliulo, Paolo Ciccioli, Rita Baraldi. Composition and emission of VOC from biogas produced by illegally managed waste landfills in Giugliano (Campania, Italy) and potential impact on the local population. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 640-641 ():377-386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Carriero; Luisa Neri; Daniela Famulari; Sara Di Lonardo; Daniela Piscitelli; Antonio Manco; Andrea Esposito; Adriano Chirico; Osvaldo Facini; Sandro Finardi; Gianni Tinarelli; Rossella Prandi; Alessandro Zaldei; Carolina Vagnoli; Piero Toscano; Vincenzo Magliulo; Paolo Ciccioli; Rita Baraldi. 2018. "Composition and emission of VOC from biogas produced by illegally managed waste landfills in Giugliano (Campania, Italy) and potential impact on the local population." Science of The Total Environment 640-641, no. : 377-386.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2018 in Sensors
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A low-cost air quality station has been developed for real-time monitoring of main atmospheric pollutants. Sensors for CO, CO2, NO2, O3, VOC, PM2.5 and PM10 were integrated on an Arduino Shield compatible board. As concerns PM2.5 and PM10 sensors, the station underwent a laboratory calibration and later a field validation. Laboratory calibration has been carried out at the headquarters of CNR-IBIMET in Florence (Italy) against a TSI DustTrak reference instrument. A MATLAB procedure, implementing advanced mathematical techniques to detect possible complex non-linear relationships between sensor signals and reference data, has been developed and implemented to accomplish the laboratory calibration. Field validation has been performed across a full “heating season” (1 November 2016 to 15 April 2017) by co-locating the station at a road site in Florence where an official fixed air quality station was in operation. Both calibration and validation processes returned fine scores, in most cases better than those achieved for similar systems in the literature. During field validation, in particular, for PM2.5 and PM10 mean biases of 0.036 and 0.598 µg/m3, RMSE of 4.056 and 6.084 µg/m3, and R2 of 0.909 and 0.957 were achieved, respectively. Robustness of the developed station, seamless deployed through a five and a half month outdoor campaign without registering sensor failures or drifts, is a further key point.

ACS Style

Alice Cavaliere; Federico Carotenuto; Filippo Di Gennaro; Beniamino Gioli; Giovanni Gualtieri; Francesca Martelli; Alessandro Matese; Piero Toscano; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei. Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors. Sensors 2018, 18, 2843 .

AMA Style

Alice Cavaliere, Federico Carotenuto, Filippo Di Gennaro, Beniamino Gioli, Giovanni Gualtieri, Francesca Martelli, Alessandro Matese, Piero Toscano, Carolina Vagnoli, Alessandro Zaldei. Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors. Sensors. 2018; 18 (9):2843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alice Cavaliere; Federico Carotenuto; Filippo Di Gennaro; Beniamino Gioli; Giovanni Gualtieri; Francesca Martelli; Alessandro Matese; Piero Toscano; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei. 2018. "Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 9: 2843.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2018 in Atmosphere
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Predictions of boundary layer meteorological parameters with accuracy are essential for achieving good weather and air quality regional forecast. In the present work, we have analyzed seven planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes in a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over the Naples-Caserta region of Southern Italy. WRF model simulations were performed with 1-km horizontal resolution, and the results were compared against data collected by the small aircraft Sky Arrow Environmental Research Aircraft (ERA) during 7–9 October 2014. The selected PBL schemes include three first-order closure PBL schemes (ACM2, MRF, YSU) and four turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure schemes (MYJ, UW, MYNN2, and BouLac). A performance analysis of these PBL schemes has been investigated by validating them with aircraft measurements of meteorological parameters profiles (air temperature, specific humidity, wind speed, wind direction) and PBL height to assess their efficiency in terms of the reproduction of observed weather conditions. Results suggested that the TKE closure schemes perform better than first-order closure schemes, and the MYNN2 closure scheme is close to observed values most of the time. It is observed that the inland locations are better simulated than sea locations, and the morning periods are better simulated than those in the afternoon. The results are emphasizing that meteorology-induced variability is larger than the variability in PBL schemes.

ACS Style

Bhishma Tyagi; Vincenzo Magliulo; Sandro Finardi; Daniele Gasbarra; Pantaleone Carlucci; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei; Angelo Riccio; Giuseppe Calori; Alessio D’Allura; Beniamino Gioli. Performance Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes in WRF Modeling Set Up over Southern Italy. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 272 .

AMA Style

Bhishma Tyagi, Vincenzo Magliulo, Sandro Finardi, Daniele Gasbarra, Pantaleone Carlucci, Piero Toscano, Alessandro Zaldei, Angelo Riccio, Giuseppe Calori, Alessio D’Allura, Beniamino Gioli. Performance Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes in WRF Modeling Set Up over Southern Italy. Atmosphere. 2018; 9 (7):272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bhishma Tyagi; Vincenzo Magliulo; Sandro Finardi; Daniele Gasbarra; Pantaleone Carlucci; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei; Angelo Riccio; Giuseppe Calori; Alessio D’Allura; Beniamino Gioli. 2018. "Performance Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes in WRF Modeling Set Up over Southern Italy." Atmosphere 9, no. 7: 272.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2018 in Remote Sensing
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This study reports on a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system called LasUAV, from hardware selection and integration to the generation of three-dimensional point clouds, and an assessment of its performance. Measurement uncertainties were estimated in angular static, angular dynamic, and real flight conditions. The results of these experiments indicate that the point cloud elevation accuracy in the case of angular static acquisition was 3.8 cm, and increased to 3.9 cm in angular dynamic acquisition. In-flight data were acquired over a target surveyed by nine single passages in different flight directions and platform orientations. In this case, the uncertainty of elevation ranged between 5.1 cm and 9.8 cm for each single passage. The combined elevation uncertainty in the case of multiple passages (i.e., the combination of one to nine passages from the set of nine passages) ranged between 5 cm (one passage) and 16 cm (nine passages). The study demonstrates that the positioning device, i.e., the Global Navigation Satellite System real-time kinematic (GNSS RTK) receiver, is the sensor that mostly influences the system performance, followed by the attitude measurement device and the laser sensor. Consequently, strong efforts and greater economic investment should be devoted to GNSS RTK receivers in low-cost custom integrated systems.

ACS Style

Chiara Torresan; Andrea Berton; Federico Carotenuto; Ugo Chiavetta; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. Development and Performance Assessment of a Low-Cost UAV Laser Scanner System (LasUAV). Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1094 .

AMA Style

Chiara Torresan, Andrea Berton, Federico Carotenuto, Ugo Chiavetta, Franco Miglietta, Alessandro Zaldei, Beniamino Gioli. Development and Performance Assessment of a Low-Cost UAV Laser Scanner System (LasUAV). Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (7):1094.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Torresan; Andrea Berton; Federico Carotenuto; Ugo Chiavetta; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. 2018. "Development and Performance Assessment of a Low-Cost UAV Laser Scanner System (LasUAV)." Remote Sensing 10, no. 7: 1094.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
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Persistent high pressure conditions over the Mediterranean Basin favor the occurrence of sea breezes that can lead to ozone transport through complex recirculation patterns. These features were investigated during an ozone episode with hourly concentrations exceeding 200 μg m−3 that occurred on July 2015 in Naples (Italy), one of the largest and densest conurbations in the Mediterranean region. Aircraft measurements were taken at heights from 150 to 1500 m AGL and compared and integrated with high-resolution meteorological and air quality model simulations to investigate local circulation and pollutants dynamics. The integration of airborne measurements, surface observations, and modeling established a framework to assess the photochemical phenomena in the area. Sea breezes and local emissions triggered ozone production at inland areas, causing high concentrations between the coast and the Apennine chain. Ozone was then injected into the upper boundary layer and transported toward the sea by the wind rotation occurring above 500 m AGL, causing a complex vertical layering of concentrations, with maxima between 500 and 800 m AGL. Vertical growth of the ozone concentration profile was also caused by the decrease of the boundary layer depth occurring when the breeze front reached the inland area carrying NOx-rich air from the densely populated coast and favoring titration near the surface. Although the whole airshed was a net ozone producer, local surface concentrations were determined by a complex interaction of atmospheric flow and chemistry at different scales, supporting the need for coordinated efforts to control smog precursors over wide areas.

ACS Style

Sandro Finardi; Giuseppe Agrillo; Rita Baraldi; Giuseppe Calori; Pantaleone Carlucci; Paolo Ciccioli; Alessio D’Allura; Daniele Gasbarra; Beniamino Gioli; Vincenzo Magliulo; Paola Radice; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei. Atmospheric Dynamics and Ozone Cycle during Sea Breeze in a Mediterranean Complex Urbanized Coastal Site. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 2018, 57, 1083 -1099.

AMA Style

Sandro Finardi, Giuseppe Agrillo, Rita Baraldi, Giuseppe Calori, Pantaleone Carlucci, Paolo Ciccioli, Alessio D’Allura, Daniele Gasbarra, Beniamino Gioli, Vincenzo Magliulo, Paola Radice, Piero Toscano, Alessandro Zaldei. Atmospheric Dynamics and Ozone Cycle during Sea Breeze in a Mediterranean Complex Urbanized Coastal Site. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 2018; 57 (5):1083-1099.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro Finardi; Giuseppe Agrillo; Rita Baraldi; Giuseppe Calori; Pantaleone Carlucci; Paolo Ciccioli; Alessio D’Allura; Daniele Gasbarra; Beniamino Gioli; Vincenzo Magliulo; Paola Radice; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei. 2018. "Atmospheric Dynamics and Ozone Cycle during Sea Breeze in a Mediterranean Complex Urbanized Coastal Site." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 5: 1083-1099.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2018 in Remote Sensing
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In light of climate change and its impacts on plant physiology, optimizing water usage and improving irrigation practices play a crucial role in crop management. In recent years, new optical remote sensing techniques have become widespread since they allow a non-invasive evaluation of plant water stress dynamics in a timely manner. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) currently represent one of the most advanced platforms for remote sensing applications. In this study, remote and proximal sensing measurements were compared with plant physiological variables, with the aim of testing innovative services and support systems to farmers for optimizing irrigation practices and scheduling. The experiment, conducted in two vineyards located in Sardinia, Italy, consisted of two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments and two reference treatments maintained under stress and well-watered conditions. Indicators of crop water status (Crop Water Stress Index—CWSI—and linear thermal index) were calculated from UAV images and ground infrared thermal images and then related to physiological measurements. The CWSI values for moderate water deficit (RDI-1) were 0.72, 0.28 and 0.43 for ‘Vermentino’, ‘Cabernet’ and ‘Cagnulari’ respectively, while for severe (RDI-2) water deficit the values were 0.90, 0.34 and 0.51. The highest differences for net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) between RDI-1 and RDI-2 were observed in ‘Vermentino’. The highest significant correlations were found between CWSI with Pn (R = −0.80), with ΦPSII (R = −0.49) and with Fv’/Fm’ (R = −0.48) on ‘Cagnulari’, while a unique significant correlation between CWSI and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) (R = 0.47) was found on ‘Vermentino’. Pn, as well as the efficiency of light use by the photosystem II (PSII), declined under stress conditions and when CWSI values increased. Under the experimental water stress conditions, grapevines were able to recover their efficiency during the night, activating a photosynthetic protection mechanism such as thermal energy dissipation (NPQ) to prevent irreversible damage to the photosystem. The results presented here demonstrate that CWSI values derived from remote and proximal sensors could be valuable indicators for the assessment of the spatial variability of crop water status in Mediterranean vineyards.

ACS Style

Alessandro Matese; Rita Baraldi; Andrea Berton; Carla Cesaraccio; Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Pierpaolo Duce; Osvaldo Facini; Massimiliano Giuseppe Mameli; Alessandra Piga; Alessandro Zaldei. Estimation of Water Stress in Grapevines Using Proximal and Remote Sensing Methods. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 114 .

AMA Style

Alessandro Matese, Rita Baraldi, Andrea Berton, Carla Cesaraccio, Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro, Pierpaolo Duce, Osvaldo Facini, Massimiliano Giuseppe Mameli, Alessandra Piga, Alessandro Zaldei. Estimation of Water Stress in Grapevines Using Proximal and Remote Sensing Methods. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (1):114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Matese; Rita Baraldi; Andrea Berton; Carla Cesaraccio; Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Pierpaolo Duce; Osvaldo Facini; Massimiliano Giuseppe Mameli; Alessandra Piga; Alessandro Zaldei. 2018. "Estimation of Water Stress in Grapevines Using Proximal and Remote Sensing Methods." Remote Sensing 10, no. 1: 114.

Uas
Published: 22 November 2017 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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In the context of plant breeding, high-throughput phenotyping is an assessment of plant phenotypes on a scale and with a level of speed and precision not achievable with traditional methods, through the application of emerging technologies such as automation and robotics, new sensors, and imaging technologies (hardware and software). In the present work, high-resolution digital images have been acquired with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) prototype platform on an experimental phenotyping barley field. Six vegetation indices generated from the red–green–blue and near-infrared-based images were calculated for 912 experimental barley plots and provided high correlation with the indices determined from hyperspectral data taken at the ground (gt); the indices performance in discriminating the vigour of genotypes was finally assessed.

ACS Style

Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Fulvia Rizza; Franz-Werner Badeck; Andrea Berton; Stefano Delbono; Beniamino Gioli; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei; Alessandro Matese. UAV-based high-throughput phenotyping to discriminate barley vigour with visible and near-infrared vegetation indices. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2017, 39, 5330 -5344.

AMA Style

Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro, Fulvia Rizza, Franz-Werner Badeck, Andrea Berton, Stefano Delbono, Beniamino Gioli, Piero Toscano, Alessandro Zaldei, Alessandro Matese. UAV-based high-throughput phenotyping to discriminate barley vigour with visible and near-infrared vegetation indices. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2017; 39 (15-16):5330-5344.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Fulvia Rizza; Franz-Werner Badeck; Andrea Berton; Stefano Delbono; Beniamino Gioli; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei; Alessandro Matese. 2017. "UAV-based high-throughput phenotyping to discriminate barley vigour with visible and near-infrared vegetation indices." International Journal of Remote Sensing 39, no. 15-16: 5330-5344.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Alessandro Matese; Beniamino Gioli; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei; Alberto Palliotti; Lorenzo Genesio. Multisensor approach to assess vineyard thermal dynamics combining high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and wireless sensor network (WSN) proximal sensing. Scientia Horticulturae 2017, 221, 83 -87.

AMA Style

Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro, Alessandro Matese, Beniamino Gioli, Piero Toscano, Alessandro Zaldei, Alberto Palliotti, Lorenzo Genesio. Multisensor approach to assess vineyard thermal dynamics combining high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and wireless sensor network (WSN) proximal sensing. Scientia Horticulturae. 2017; 221 ():83-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Alessandro Matese; Beniamino Gioli; Piero Toscano; Alessandro Zaldei; Alberto Palliotti; Lorenzo Genesio. 2017. "Multisensor approach to assess vineyard thermal dynamics combining high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and wireless sensor network (WSN) proximal sensing." Scientia Horticulturae 221, no. : 83-87.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Crop and Pasture Science
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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), as expected over coming decades, on yield and quality of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants (cv. Bologna) were grown by using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system at Fiorenzuola d’Arda under ambient (control) and elevated (570 ppm, e[CO2]) CO2 concentrations for two growing seasons. We addressed whether there would be a response of wheat grains to elevated CO2 concentration in terms of the contents of nitrogen (N), micro- and macronutrients, proteins and free amino acids. Under e[CO2], total wheat biomass and grain yield increased in both years of the study. Grain N percentage was reduced under e[CO2], but grain N yield (kg ha–1) was increased. Among macro- and micronutrients, a decrease in zinc concentration was observed. The proteome pattern was significantly different in grains grown at the two different CO2 levels, but the observed changes were highly dependent on interactions with prevailing environmental conditions. Finally, a negative trend was observed in the early germination rates of seeds from plants grown under e[CO2] compared with the controls. The results suggest that the expected increase in CO2 levels and their interactive effects with environmental variables may influence agronomic performance by increasing yield and negatively affecting quality.

ACS Style

Francesca Verrillo; Franz-Werner Badeck; Valeria Terzi; Fulvia Rizza; Letizia Bernardo; Antimo Di Maro; Clara Fares; Alessandro Zaldei; Franco Miglietta; Anna Moschella; Marcella Bracale; Candida Vannini. Elevated field atmospheric CO2 concentrations affect the characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Bologna) grains. Crop and Pasture Science 2017, 68, 713 -725.

AMA Style

Francesca Verrillo, Franz-Werner Badeck, Valeria Terzi, Fulvia Rizza, Letizia Bernardo, Antimo Di Maro, Clara Fares, Alessandro Zaldei, Franco Miglietta, Anna Moschella, Marcella Bracale, Candida Vannini. Elevated field atmospheric CO2 concentrations affect the characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Bologna) grains. Crop and Pasture Science. 2017; 68 (8):713-725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Verrillo; Franz-Werner Badeck; Valeria Terzi; Fulvia Rizza; Letizia Bernardo; Antimo Di Maro; Clara Fares; Alessandro Zaldei; Franco Miglietta; Anna Moschella; Marcella Bracale; Candida Vannini. 2017. "Elevated field atmospheric CO2 concentrations affect the characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Bologna) grains." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 8: 713-725.

Review
Published: 06 November 2016 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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Unfortunately, the fragmented regulations among EU countries, a result of the lack of common rules for operating UAVs in Europe, limit the chance to operate within Europe’s boundaries and prevent research mobility and exchange opportunities. Nevertheless, the applications of UAVs are expanding in different domains, and the use of UAVs in forestry will increase, possibly leading to a regular utilization for small-scale monitoring purposes in Europe when recent technologies i.e. hyperspectral imagery and lidar and methodological approaches will be consolidated.

ACS Style

Chiara Torresan; Andrea Berton; Federico Carotenuto; Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Beniamino Gioli; Alessandro Matese; Franco Miglietta; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei; Luke Wallace. Forestry applications of UAVs in Europe: a review. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 38, 2427 -2447.

AMA Style

Chiara Torresan, Andrea Berton, Federico Carotenuto, Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro, Beniamino Gioli, Alessandro Matese, Franco Miglietta, Carolina Vagnoli, Alessandro Zaldei, Luke Wallace. Forestry applications of UAVs in Europe: a review. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 38 (8-10):2427-2447.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Torresan; Andrea Berton; Federico Carotenuto; Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro; Beniamino Gioli; Alessandro Matese; Franco Miglietta; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei; Luke Wallace. 2016. "Forestry applications of UAVs in Europe: a review." International Journal of Remote Sensing 38, no. 8-10: 2427-2447.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Journal of Cereal Science
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The present study focused on the quality traits of durum wheat grains (protein and content, gluten content, yellow pigment content), semolina (gluten index and yellow index) and pasta (firmness, yellow index, cooking time) obtained from 12 durum wheat genotypes grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration in an open field Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The aims were to evaluate the impact of elevated CO2 on durum wheat pasta making related traits as well as investigate genetic differences existing in a panel of old and modern cultivars. The protein content showed a not significant decrease (7%), the GC decreased significantly (13.3%), while the GI showed an increasing significant tendency (14%). The overall pasta quality (firmness and weight) worsened in ELE. Correlation between all traits and pasta firmness demonstrated that the decrease in pasta firmness under ELE was correlated with GPC and GC while it was not with the GI. All varieties, although to different extent, showed lower pasta firmness values compared to the ambient condition. Among the varieties tested, some were more sensitive than others to the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, a finding that can be exploited by breeding for designing novel genotypes with lower sensitivity to increased atmospheric CO2.

ACS Style

Clara Fares; Valeria Menga; Franz Badeck; Fulvia Rizza; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Pasquale Codianni; Anna Iannucci; Luigi Cattivelli. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 modifies durum wheat grain quality and pasta cooking quality. Journal of Cereal Science 2016, 69, 245 -251.

AMA Style

Clara Fares, Valeria Menga, Franz Badeck, Fulvia Rizza, Franco Miglietta, Alessandro Zaldei, Pasquale Codianni, Anna Iannucci, Luigi Cattivelli. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 modifies durum wheat grain quality and pasta cooking quality. Journal of Cereal Science. 2016; 69 ():245-251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clara Fares; Valeria Menga; Franz Badeck; Fulvia Rizza; Franco Miglietta; Alessandro Zaldei; Pasquale Codianni; Anna Iannucci; Luigi Cattivelli. 2016. "Increasing atmospheric CO 2 modifies durum wheat grain quality and pasta cooking quality." Journal of Cereal Science 69, no. : 245-251.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2015 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The importance of road traffic, residential heating and meteorological conditions as major drivers of urban PM10 concentrations during air pollution critical episodes has been assessed in the city of Florence (Italy) during the winter season. The most significant meteorological variables (wind speed and atmospheric stability) explained 80.5–85.5 % of PM10 concentrations variance, while a marginal role was played by major emission sources such as residential heating (12.1 %) and road traffic (5.7 %). The persistence of low wind speeds and unstable atmospheric conditions was the leading factor controlling PM10 during critical episodes. A specific PM10 critical episode was analysed, following a snowstorm that caused a “natural” scenario of 2-day dramatic road traffic abatement (−43 %), and a massive (up to +48 %) and persistent (8 consecutive days) increase in residential heating use. Even with such a strong variability in local PM10 emissions, the role of meteorological conditions was prominent, revealing that short-term traffic restrictions are insufficient countermeasures to reduce the health impacts and risks of PM10 critical episodes, while efforts should be made to anticipate those measures by linking them with air quality and weather forecasts.

ACS Style

Giovanni Gualtieri; Piero Toscano; Alfonso Crisci; Sara Di Lonardo; Mario Tartaglia; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. Influence of road traffic, residential heating and meteorological conditions on PM10 concentrations during air pollution critical episodes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015, 22, 19027 -19038.

AMA Style

Giovanni Gualtieri, Piero Toscano, Alfonso Crisci, Sara Di Lonardo, Mario Tartaglia, Carolina Vagnoli, Alessandro Zaldei, Beniamino Gioli. Influence of road traffic, residential heating and meteorological conditions on PM10 concentrations during air pollution critical episodes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015; 22 (23):19027-19038.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Gualtieri; Piero Toscano; Alfonso Crisci; Sara Di Lonardo; Mario Tartaglia; Carolina Vagnoli; Alessandro Zaldei; Beniamino Gioli. 2015. "Influence of road traffic, residential heating and meteorological conditions on PM10 concentrations during air pollution critical episodes." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, no. 23: 19027-19038.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Atmospheric Environment
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Beniamino Gioli; Giovanni Gualtieri; Caterina Busillo; Francesca Calastrini; Alessandro Zaldei; Piero Toscano. Improving high resolution emission inventories with local proxies and urban eddy covariance flux measurements. Atmospheric Environment 2015, 115, 246 -256.

AMA Style

Beniamino Gioli, Giovanni Gualtieri, Caterina Busillo, Francesca Calastrini, Alessandro Zaldei, Piero Toscano. Improving high resolution emission inventories with local proxies and urban eddy covariance flux measurements. Atmospheric Environment. 2015; 115 ():246-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beniamino Gioli; Giovanni Gualtieri; Caterina Busillo; Francesca Calastrini; Alessandro Zaldei; Piero Toscano. 2015. "Improving high resolution emission inventories with local proxies and urban eddy covariance flux measurements." Atmospheric Environment 115, no. : 246-256.