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We previously identified Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded virus 1 (SsNSRV-1), the first (−) ssRNA mycovirus, associated with hypovirulence of its fungal host Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this study, functional analysis of Open Reading Frame Ι (ORF Ι) of SsNSRV-1 was performed. The integration and expression of ORF Ι led to defects in hyphal tips, vegetative growth, and virulence of the mutant strains of S. sclerotiorum. Further, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responding to the expression of ORF Ι were identified by transcriptome analysis. In all, 686 DEGs consisted of 267 up-regulated genes and 419 down-regulated genes. DEGs reprogramed by ORF Ι were relevant to secretory proteins, pathogenicity, transcription, transmembrane transport, protein biosynthesis, modification, and metabolism. Alternative splicing was also detected in all mutant strains, but not in hypovirulent strain AH98, which was co-infected by SsNSRV-1 and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirus 1 (SsHV-1). Thus, the integrity of SsNSRV-1 genome may be necessary to protect viral mRNA from splicing and inactivation by the host. Taken together, the results suggested that protein ORF Ι could regulate the transcription, translation, and modification of host genes in order to facilitate viral proliferation and reduce the virulence of the host. Therefore, ORF Ι may be a potential gene used for the prevention of S. sclerotiorum.
Zhixiao Gao; Junyan Wu; Daohong Jiang; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Yang Lin. ORF Ι of Mycovirus SsNSRV-1 is Associated with Debilitating Symptoms of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Viruses 2020, 12, 456 .
AMA StyleZhixiao Gao, Junyan Wu, Daohong Jiang, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Yang Lin. ORF Ι of Mycovirus SsNSRV-1 is Associated with Debilitating Symptoms of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Viruses. 2020; 12 (4):456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhixiao Gao; Junyan Wu; Daohong Jiang; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Yang Lin. 2020. "ORF Ι of Mycovirus SsNSRV-1 is Associated with Debilitating Symptoms of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Viruses 12, no. 4: 456.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a central role in cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. MAPK cascade genes have been extensively investigated in model plants, mammals, yeast, and fungi but are not characterized in Plasmodiophora brassicae, which causes clubroot disease in cruciferous plants. Here, we identified 7 PbMAPK, 3 PbMAPKK, and 9 PbMAPKKK genes in the P. brassicae genome. Transcriptional profiling analysis demonstrated that several MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) genes were preferentially expressed in three different zoosporic stages. Based on yeast two-hybrid assays, PbMAKKK7 interacted with PbMAKK3 and PbMAKK3 interacted with PbMAK1/PbMAK3. The PbMAKKK7-PbMAKK3-PbMAK1/PbMAK3 cascade may be present in P. brassicae. U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MAPKK, could inhibit the germination of P. brassicae resting spores. U0126 was used to treat the resting spores of P. brassicae and coinoculate rapeseed, and was proven to significantly relieve the severity of clubroot symptoms in the host plant and delay the life cycle of P. brassicae. These results suggest that MAPK signaling pathways may play important roles in P. brassicae growth, development, and pathogenicity.
Tao Chen; Kai Bi; Yanli Zhao; Xueliang Lyu; Zhixiao Gao; Ying Zhao; Yanping Fu; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang. MAPKK Inhibitor U0126 Inhibits Plasmodiophora brassicae Development. Phytopathology® 2018, 108, 711 -720.
AMA StyleTao Chen, Kai Bi, Yanli Zhao, Xueliang Lyu, Zhixiao Gao, Ying Zhao, Yanping Fu, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong Jiang. MAPKK Inhibitor U0126 Inhibits Plasmodiophora brassicae Development. Phytopathology®. 2018; 108 (6):711-720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Chen; Kai Bi; Yanli Zhao; Xueliang Lyu; Zhixiao Gao; Ying Zhao; Yanping Fu; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang. 2018. "MAPKK Inhibitor U0126 Inhibits Plasmodiophora brassicae Development." Phytopathology® 108, no. 6: 711-720.