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It is common for recovery policies to be crafted following disasters, such as the relocation of exposed populations, but it is rare for policy intent to be fully realized. Although critiques center on failed outcomes, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding implementation, which encompasses the intermediary processes between policy formation and outcomes. Without an understanding of implementation, it is difficult to identify actionable opportunities for change. Using document-based classic content analysis, narrative analysis, and process mapping, this study systematically compared policy and implementation to identify discrepancies unfolding throughout typhoon-induced relocation in the Philippines. Two types of discrepancies emerged: unfulfilled, which were covered in policy but not present in implementation; and added, which were unaddressed or underaddressed in policy but added by necessity during implementation. Analysis revealed that community services and infrastructure were added discrepancies, whereas development-oriented objectives were unfulfilled discrepancies. One well-documented relocation discrepancy, water supply, was analyzed in depth using implementation analysis, revealing that delayed and, at times, disorganized project management was driven by a lack of ownership and goal clarity. Shifting strategies throughout implementation indicate a need to further investigate the implementation of risk reduction and resilience-oriented policies in postdisaster contexts.
Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. Discrepancies between Postdisaster Relocation Policy and Implementation in the Philippines. Journal of Management in Engineering 2020, 36, 04020040 .
AMA StyleShaye Palagi, Amy Javernick-Will. Discrepancies between Postdisaster Relocation Policy and Implementation in the Philippines. Journal of Management in Engineering. 2020; 36 (4):04020040.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. 2020. "Discrepancies between Postdisaster Relocation Policy and Implementation in the Philippines." Journal of Management in Engineering 36, no. 4: 04020040.
Mass relocation—the transfer of communities to new housing developments—is often implemented following disasters, despite criticism that past projects have not created livable communities for residents. Livable relocation communities are those where residents experience quality housing, utilities, social infrastructure, neighborliness, safety, and a sense of permanence. Numerous conditions may support livability, such as site location, community involvement, and processes of managing construction and beneficiary transfer. We evaluated relocation communities in Tacloban City, Philippines, applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify pathways, or combinations of conditions, that led to built and societal livability. We found pathways to livability generally differed between government and non-government developed sites, with the former benefiting from a slower pace and standard permitting procedures, and the latter by building fast and using scale and need to prompt improved services. An unexpected combination emerged as a pathway to societal livability—being remote and comprised of households originally from a mix of different communities—revealing a new narrative for positive social outcomes in relocation. Three conditions emerged as necessary for achieving overall livability: fast construction, full occupancy, and close proximity to an economic and administrative center. This analysis demonstrates necessary conditions and pathways that implementing agencies can reference in their quest to create livable relocation communities.
Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3474 .
AMA StyleShaye Palagi, Amy Javernick-Will. Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. 2020. "Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3474.
In the aftermath of a disaster there is often a call for mass relocation of exposed populations. The surrounding institutional context, comprised of normative and cultural-cognitive elements in addition to regulations, guides decisions made by relocation organizations. The theory of organizational institutionalism provides a window into beliefs, social norms, and coercive measures, but has not yet been employed to study relocation decision making. We investigated relocation in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 to illustrate how regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive ‘pillars’ of institutions affected the who, what, where, when, why, and how of relocation decisions. Results from the analysis of interviews, meeting observations, and documentation highlight areas of both discord and harmony between institutional pillars. Regulative and cultural-cognitive institutional influences often counter each other and can pull implementing organizations in opposite directions, particularly across the national-local divide. For example, in considering who drove implementation decisions, regulatory mandates determined which organizations originally participated but cultural-cognitive views eventually amplified organizational identities and diversified participation. The regulative and cultural-cognitive pillar were only unified in their influence on where to best place relocation development. Normative influences strongly impacted the how of implementation by defining proper behavior and communication both in and between inter-organizational meetings. However, how is increasingly pressured by cultural-cognitive appeals for improved implementation coordination. An emerging trend for future analysis is the need to study how post-disaster relocation motivates institutional change.
Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. Institutional constraints influencing relocation decision making and implementation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2018, 33, 310 -320.
AMA StyleShaye Palagi, Amy Javernick-Will. Institutional constraints influencing relocation decision making and implementation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2018; 33 ():310-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. 2018. "Institutional constraints influencing relocation decision making and implementation." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 33, no. : 310-320.