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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swamped the global environment greatly in the current pandemic. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) effectively forecasts the surge of COVID-19 cases in humans in a particular region. To understand the genomic characteristics/footprints and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment, we analyzed 807 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from 20 countries deposited in GISAID till 22 May 2021. The highest number of sequences (n = 638) were reported in Austria, followed by the Netherlands, China, and Bangladesh. Wastewater samples were highest (40.0%) to successfully yield the virus genome followed by a 24 h composite wastewater sample (32.6%) and sewage (18.5%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 environmental strains are a close congener with the strains mostly circulating in the human population from the same region. Clade GRY (32.7%), G (29.2%), GR (25.3%), O (7.2%), GH (3.4%), GV (1.4%), S (0.5%), and L (0.4%) were found in environmental samples. Various lineages were identified in environmental samples; nevertheless, the highest percentages (49.4%) of the alpha variant (B.1.1.7) were detected in Austria, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Germany, and Italy. Other prevalent lineages were B.1 (18.2%), B.1.1 (9.2%), and B.1.160 (3.9%). Furthermore, a significant number of amino acid substitutions were found in environmental strains where the D614G was found in 83.8% of the sequences. However, the key mutations—N501Y (44.6%), S982A (44.4%), A570D (43.3%), T716I (40.4%), and P681H (40.1%) were also recorded in spike protein. The identification of the environmental belvedere of SARS-CoV-2 and its genetic signature is crucial to detect outbreaks, forecast pandemic harshness, and prepare with the appropriate tools to control any impending pandemic. We recommend genomic environmental surveillance to trace the emerging variants and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the community. Additionally, proper disposal and treatment of wastewater, sewage, and medical wastes are important to prevent environmental contamination.
Ariful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Abul Kalam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Josefina Abedin; Shariful Islam; Shahanaj Shano; Otun Saha; Tahmina Shirin; Mohammad Hassan. Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Diverse Environmental Samples Globally. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1696 .
AMA StyleAriful Islam, Abu Sayeed, Abul Kalam, Jinnat Ferdous, Kaisar Rahman, Josefina Abedin, Shariful Islam, Shahanaj Shano, Otun Saha, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammad Hassan. Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Diverse Environmental Samples Globally. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (8):1696.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAriful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Abul Kalam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Josefina Abedin; Shariful Islam; Shahanaj Shano; Otun Saha; Tahmina Shirin; Mohammad Hassan. 2021. "Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Diverse Environmental Samples Globally." Microorganisms 9, no. 8: 1696.
The current study was undertaken to estimate the morphometric pattern of three commensal rodents, i.e., Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus in Qatar. One hundred forty-eight rodents were captured from different facilities throughout Qatar. The captured rodents were used to identify the external body and cranio-mandibular morphometry. The study found that R. norvregicus was the most prevalent (n = 120, 81%, 95% CI: 73.83–87.05). Most of the rodents were collected from Al Rayan municipality (n = 92, 62%), were adults (n = 138, 93.2%, 95% CI: 87.92–96.71), and were from livestock farms (n = 79, 49%, 95% CI: 41.02–57.65). The rodents’ average body weights were 18.8 ± 2.2 gm, 264.3 ± 87.5 gm, and 130 ± 71.3 gm for M. musculus, R. norvegicus, and R. rattus, respectively. The research found that the studied rodents are smaller than those of other countries such as Turkey, Tunisia, and Iran. The study of morphometry is a useful tool for the traditional identification of small mammal species, including rodents. The average morphometric measurements of the external body and skull were normally distributed and can be used as a reference of R. norvegicus and R. rattus for Qatar. A further comprehensive study is required to investigate the rodent population index, eco-friendly control program, and public health importance in Qatar.
Mazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Ahmad Mahmoudi; Mohammad Hassan; Muzzamil Atta; Ehsan Mostafavi; Ismail Alnager; Hassan Farrag; Gaafar Eljack; Devendra Bansal; Mohamed Haroun; Randa Abdeen; Hamad Al-Romaihi; Abdul Al-Zeyara; Sowaid Almalki; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Morphometric Study of Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus in Qatar. Animals 2021, 11, 2162 .
AMA StyleMazharul Islam, Elmoubashar Farag, Ahmad Mahmoudi, Mohammad Hassan, Muzzamil Atta, Ehsan Mostafavi, Ismail Alnager, Hassan Farrag, Gaafar Eljack, Devendra Bansal, Mohamed Haroun, Randa Abdeen, Hamad Al-Romaihi, Abdul Al-Zeyara, Sowaid Almalki, Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Morphometric Study of Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus in Qatar. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Ahmad Mahmoudi; Mohammad Hassan; Muzzamil Atta; Ehsan Mostafavi; Ismail Alnager; Hassan Farrag; Gaafar Eljack; Devendra Bansal; Mohamed Haroun; Randa Abdeen; Hamad Al-Romaihi; Abdul Al-Zeyara; Sowaid Almalki; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. 2021. "Morphometric Study of Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus in Qatar." Animals 11, no. 8: 2162.
The exact origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and source of introduction into humans has not been established yet, though it might be originated from animals. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to understand the putative reservoirs, transmission dynamics, and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. Rhinolophu s bats are presumed to be natural progenitors of SARS-CoV-2 related viruses. Initially pangolin was thought to be the source of spillover to human, but they might get infected from human or other animal species. So, the virus spillover pathways to humans remain unknown. Human-to-animal transmission has been testified in pet, farmed, zoo and free-ranging wild animals. Infected animals can transmit the virus to other animals in natural settings like, mink-to-mink, and mink-to-cat transmission. Animal-to-human transmission is not a persistent pathway, while mink-to-human transmission continues to be illuminated. Multiple companion and captive wild animals were infected by emerging alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7 lineage) whereas Asiatic lions were infected by delta variant, (B.1.617.2). To date, multiple animal species- cat, ferrets, non-human primates, hamsters, and bats, showed high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in experimental condition, while swine, poultry, cattle showed no susceptibility. The founding of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animal reservoirs can confronts the control of the virus in humans and might carry a risk to the welfare and conservation of wildlife as well. We suggest vaccinating pet, and captive animals to stop spillover and spillback events. We recommend sustainable one health surveillance at animal-human-environmental interface to detect and prevent future epidemics and pandemics by Disease X.
Ariful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Abu Sayeed; Rahman; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Tahmina Shirin. Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed and wild animals: Sustainable One health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAriful Islam, Jinnat Ferdous, Abu Sayeed, Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Tahmina Shirin. Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed and wild animals: Sustainable One health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAriful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Abu Sayeed; Rahman; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Tahmina Shirin. 2021. "Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed and wild animals: Sustainable One health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics." , no. : 1.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an emerging health issue globally, posing a threat to zoonotic pathogens and foodborne diseases. In Bangladesh, the poultry sector supplies the majority of the demand for animal-source protein. The irrational and excessive use of antimicrobials (AMU) has been observed in the poultry sector. The development of AMR is associated with many factors, including the knowledge and attitudes of poultry farmers. Therefore, AMR reduction requires intervention from all the stockholders, including the farmers who are considered as end users of antimicrobials. This current research conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of poultry farmers on AMU and AMR in Bangladesh. We determined the KAP of poultry farmers (broiler and layer farmers) of some selected districts of the country using a tested and paper-based questionnaire. The results demonstrated that most of the respondents have insufficient KAP regarding AMU and AMR. The respondents used a variety of antimicrobials primarily in the treatment of various diseases in poultry. One-third of the farmers did not seek antimicrobials from registered vets. Instead, they depended on others or themselves. The factor score analysis further revealed that the farmers’ demographic and socioeconomic variables were significant factors influencing the KAP. An adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that older farmers with 9–12 years of farming experience and graduate-level education, engaging in medium-sized layer farming, were more likely to have correct KAP on AMU and AMR. Further, farmers from the Cox’s Bazar region showed correct knowledge, whereas farmers of the Chattogram region showed a correct attitude towards AMU and AMR. A Spearman’s rank-order correlation revealed a positive association between knowledge–attitudes and knowledge–practices. The findings of the current investigation provide baseline evidence about the KAP of poultry farmers from low-income resources and offer insights into designing interventions and policies for the use of AMU and AMR in Bangladesh.
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Abdul Alim; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Rahim Badsha; Abdullah Al Mamun; Ashraful Hoque; Abu Zubayer Tanzin; Chandan Nath; Hamida Khanom; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Mazharul Islam; Bashir Uddin; Ariful Islam. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Commercial Poultry Farmers in Bangladesh. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 784 .
AMA StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Abdul Alim, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Rahim Badsha, Abdullah Al Mamun, Ashraful Hoque, Abu Zubayer Tanzin, Chandan Nath, Hamida Khanom, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Mazharul Islam, Bashir Uddin, Ariful Islam. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Commercial Poultry Farmers in Bangladesh. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (7):784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Abdul Alim; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Rahim Badsha; Abdullah Al Mamun; Ashraful Hoque; Abu Zubayer Tanzin; Chandan Nath; Hamida Khanom; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Mazharul Islam; Bashir Uddin; Ariful Islam. 2021. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Commercial Poultry Farmers in Bangladesh." Antibiotics 10, no. 7: 784.
Poultry production has boomed in Bangladesh in recent years. The poultry sector has contributed significantly to meet the increased demand for animal source proteins in the country. However, increased use of antimicrobials appeared to be a significant threat to food safety in the poultry sector. The poultry drug and feed sellers are at the frontline position involving selecting and delivering the antimicrobials to the poultry farmers. Studies assessing the poultry drug and feed sellers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) are limited. The current study aimed to assess the community poultry drug and feed sellers’ KAPs of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in some selected areas of Bangladesh. We determined the respondents’ (drug and the feed sellers) KAPs of AMU and AMR using a tested and paper-based questionnaire. The study demonstrated that most respondents have insufficient knowledge, less positive attitudes, and inappropriate practices regarding AMU and AMR. The factor score analysis further showed that the type of respondents and their years of experience, level of education, and training on the drug were the significant factors impacting the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AMU and AMR. The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that the drug sellers who completed their education up to 12th grade and had training on the drug had adequate knowledge of AMU and AMR. The data also showed that the drug sellers belong to the age group 31–35 and 36–40 years and who completed 12th grade had good attitudes on the same. Likewise, the analysis further determined that drug sellers belonging to the age category 18–25 and 26–30 years, and interestingly, the respondents who completed education up to 12th grade, had better practices. Spearman’s rank-order correlation revealed a positive association between each pair of the KAPs scores for the respondents. The correlation was fair between knowledge–attitudes, knowledge–practices, and attitudes–practices. Based on the current study results, we recommend educational interventions and appropriate training for the poultry drug and feed sellers to raise awareness and to upgrade their current knowledge on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. This will ultimately lead to reducing the chances of developing AMR in the poultry sectors of the country.
Abul Kalam; Abdul Alim; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Rahim Badsha; Abdullah Mamun; Ashraful Hoque; Abu Tanzin; Shahneaz Khan; Ariful Islam; Mazharul Islam; Mohammad Hassan. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2021, 8, 111 .
AMA StyleAbul Kalam, Abdul Alim, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Rahim Badsha, Abdullah Mamun, Ashraful Hoque, Abu Tanzin, Shahneaz Khan, Ariful Islam, Mazharul Islam, Mohammad Hassan. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8 (6):111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbul Kalam; Abdul Alim; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Rahim Badsha; Abdullah Mamun; Ashraful Hoque; Abu Tanzin; Shahneaz Khan; Ariful Islam; Mazharul Islam; Mohammad Hassan. 2021. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 6: 111.
Rodents are one of the most diversified terrestrial mammals, and they perform several beneficial activities in nature. These animals are also important as carriers of many pathogens with public health importance. The current systematic review was conducted to formulate a true depiction of rodent-related zoonoses in Qatar. Following systematic searches on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science and a screening process, a total of 94 published articles were selected and studied. The studied articles reported 23 rodent-related zoonotic pathogens that include nine bacterial, eleven parasitic, and three viral pathogens, from which the frequently reported pathogens were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (32 reports), Escherichia coli (23), and Salmonella spp. (16). The possible pathway of entry of the rodent-borne pathogens can be the land port, seaports, and airport of Qatar through carrier humans and animals, contaminated food, and agricultural products. The pathogens can be conserved internally by rodents, pets, and livestock; by agricultural production systems; and by food marketing chains. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of the pathogens among the human population was 4.27% (95%CI: 4.03–4.51%; p< 0.001) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.50%). The top three highest prevalent pathogens were M.tuberculosis (30.90%; 22.75–39.04%; p< 0.001; I2 = 99.70%) followed by Toxoplasma gondii (21.93%; 6.23–37.61%; p< 0.001; I2 = 99.30%) and hepatitis E virus (18.29%; 11.72–24.86%; p< 0.001; I2 = 96.70%). However, there is a knowledge gap about the listed pathogens regarding the occurrence, transmission pathways, and rodent role in transmission dynamics at the human–animal–environment interface in Qatar. Further studies are required to explore the role of rodents in spreading zoonotic pathogens through the One Health framework, consisting of zoologists, ecologists, microbiologists, entomologists, veterinarians, and public health experts in this country.
Mazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Ahmad Mahmoudi; Mohammad Hassan; Ehsan Mostafavi; Khalid Enan; Hamad Al-Romaihi; Muzzamil Atta; Abdel El Hussein; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5928 .
AMA StyleMazharul Islam, Elmoubashar Farag, Ahmad Mahmoudi, Mohammad Hassan, Ehsan Mostafavi, Khalid Enan, Hamad Al-Romaihi, Muzzamil Atta, Abdel El Hussein, Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Ahmad Mahmoudi; Mohammad Hassan; Ehsan Mostafavi; Khalid Enan; Hamad Al-Romaihi; Muzzamil Atta; Abdel El Hussein; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. 2021. "Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5928.
The agricultural food products industry in Bangladesh depends on utilizing antimicrobials indiscriminately as growth promoters and for controlling infectious diseases. Thus, there is always a risk of antimicrobial agent accumulation in food sources that originate from agricultural production. In the present study, we collected data from published articles between January, 2013 and December, 2019 on antimicrobial residues in human food sources such as meat, milk, eggs, and fishes. Liver contained the highest percentage of antimicrobial residues (74%; 95% CI: 59.66–85.37) against the in vitro enteric pathogen Escherichia coli in layer chickens. Similar results were demonstrated in liver (68%; 95% CI: 53.30–80.48) and kidney (66%, 95% CI: 51.23–78.79) of layer chickens against Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Amongst all antibiotics, the highest concentrations of ciprofloxacin were detected in kidney (48.57%; 95% CI: 31.38–66.01), followed by liver (47.56; 95% CI: 40.88–54.30) of broiler chickens. Ciprofloxacin was also present in liver (46.15%; 95% CI: 33.70–58.96) of layer chickens. The percentage of ciprofloxacin in thigh and breast meat in broiler bird were 41.54% (95% CI: 34.54–48.79) and 37.95% (95% CI: 31.11–45.15) respectively. Enrofloxacin was the second most dominant antimicrobial agent and was present in the liver of both types of poultry (Broiler and Layer chickens: 41.54%; 95% CI: 29.44–54.4 and 437.33%; 95% CI: 30.99–44.01). The prevalence rates of enrofloxacin in thigh and breast meat of broiler chickens were 24.10% (95% CI: 18.28–30.73) and 20.51% (95% CI: 15.08–26.87), respectively. Tetracycline, a commonly used antibiotic in livestock, was present in the liver (49.23%; 95% CI: 36.60–61.93) of layer chickens. In case of aquaculture food products, the highest amount of amoxicillin (683.2 mg/kg) was detected in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), followed by 584.4 mg/kg in climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and 555.6 mg/kg in Rui fish (Labeo rohita). Among the five types of fishes, Rui fish (0.000515 mg/kg) contained the highest concentrations of chloramphenicol antibiotic residues. The presence of antimicrobial residues in meat, milk, egg, and fish is a serious public health threat due to the potential induction of antimicrobial resistance. It can negatively impact the food supply chain, especially with the current strain that it is already facing with the current COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the present study highlight the ongoing risk of residual antimicrobial agents in food of animal origin in Bangladesh and countries with similar practices. This can draw the attention of public health officials to propose plans to mitigate or stop this practice.
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Åke Lundkvist; Josef D. Järhult; Raihan Khan Nayem; Abu Zubayer Tanzin; Rahim Badsha; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Hossam M. Ashour. Residual antimicrobial agents in food originating from animals. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2021, 111, 141 -150.
AMA StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Åke Lundkvist, Josef D. Järhult, Raihan Khan Nayem, Abu Zubayer Tanzin, Rahim Badsha, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Hossam M. Ashour. Residual antimicrobial agents in food originating from animals. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021; 111 ():141-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Åke Lundkvist; Josef D. Järhult; Raihan Khan Nayem; Abu Zubayer Tanzin; Rahim Badsha; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Hossam M. Ashour. 2021. "Residual antimicrobial agents in food originating from animals." Trends in Food Science & Technology 111, no. : 141-150.
Rodents carry many ectoparasites, such as ticks, lice, fleas, and mites, which have potential public health importance. Middle Eastern countries are hotspots for many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as plague, leishmaniasis, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Q fever, due to their ecological, socioeconomic, and political diversity. Rodent ectoparasites can act as vectors for many of these pathogens. Knowledge of rodent ectoparasites is of prime importance in controlling rodent ectoparasite-borne zoonotic diseases in this region. The current systematic review and meta-analysis performs a comprehensive synthesis of the available knowledge, providing an evidence-based overview of the ectoparasites detected on rodents in Middle Eastern countries. Following a systematic search in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a total of 113 published articles on rodent ectoparasites were studied and analyzed. A total of 87 rodent species were documented, from which Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus were found to be the most common. Fleas were the most reported ectoparasites (87 articles), followed by mites (53), ticks (44), and lice (25). Xenopsylla cheopis, Polyplax spinulosa, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Hyalomma rhipicephaloides were the most commonly described fleas, lice, mites, and ticks, respectively. Based on the reviewed articles, the median flea, louse, mite, and tick indices were highest in Israel (4.15), Egypt (1.39), Egypt (1.27), and Saudi Arabia (1.17), respectively. Quantitative meta-analysis, using a random-effects model, determined the overall pooled flea prevalence in the Middle East as 40% (95% CI: 25–55, I 2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging between 13% (95% CI: 0–30, I 2 = 95%, p < 0.00001) in Iran and 59% (95% CI: 42–77, I 2 = 75%, p < 0.00001) in Israel. The overall pooled louse prevalence was found to be 30% (95% CI: 13–47, I 2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging between 25% in Iran (95% CI: 1–50, I 2 = 99%) and 38% in Egypt (95% CI: 7–68, I 2 = 100%). In the case of mites, the pooled prevalence in this region was 33% (95% CI: 11–55, I 2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), where the country-specific prevalence estimates were 30% in Iran (95% CI: 4–56, I 2 = 99%) and 32% in Egypt (95% CI: 0–76, I 2 = 100%). For ticks, the overall prevalence was found to be 25% (95% CI: 2–47, I 2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging from 16% in Iran (95% CI: 7–25, I 2 = 74%) to 42% in Egypt (95% CI: 1–85, I 2 = 100%). The control of rodent ectoparasites should be considered to reduce their adverse effects. Using the One Health strategy, rodent control, and precisely control of the most common rodent species, i.e., Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus, should be considered to control the rodent-borne ectoparasites in this region.
Mazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Khalid Eltom; Mohammad Hassan; Devendra Bansal; Francis Schaffner; Jolyon Medlock; Hamad Al-Romaihi; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Rodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2021, 10, 139 .
AMA StyleMazharul Islam, Elmoubashar Farag, Khalid Eltom, Mohammad Hassan, Devendra Bansal, Francis Schaffner, Jolyon Medlock, Hamad Al-Romaihi, Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Rodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (2):139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Khalid Eltom; Mohammad Hassan; Devendra Bansal; Francis Schaffner; Jolyon Medlock; Hamad Al-Romaihi; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. 2021. "Rodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Pathogens 10, no. 2: 139.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an emerging and rapidly evolving profound pandemic, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and results in significant case fatality around the world including Bangladesh. We conducted this study to assess how COVID‐19 cases clustered across districts in Bangladesh and whether the pattern and duration of clusters changed following the country’s containment strategy using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. We calculated the epidemiological measures including disease incidence, case fatality rate (CFR), and spatiotemporal pattern of COVID‐19. We used Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Moran’s I, and Getis‐Ord Gi* statistics for prediction, spatial autocorrelation, and hotspot. We used retrospective space‐time scan statistic to analyze clusters of COVID‐19 cases. COVID‐19 has a CFR of 1.4%. Over 50 % of infected cases were reported among young adults (21‐40 year age group). The incidence varies from 0.03‐0.95 at the end of March to 15.59‐308.62 per 100000, at the end of July. Global Moran’s Index indicates a robust spatial autocorrelation of COVID‐19 cases. Local Moran’s I analysis stated a distinct High‐High (HH) clustering of COVID‐19 cases among the Dhaka, Gazipur, and Narayanganj districts. Twelve statistically significant high rated clusters were identified by space‐time scan statistics using a discrete Poisson model. IDW predicted the cases at the undetermined area, and GWR showed a strong relationship between population density and case frequency, which was further established with Moran’s I (0.734; P≤0.01). Dhaka and its surrounding six districts were identified as the significant spatial hotspot where Chattogram is an extended diseased area. The outcomes acquired from the spatiotemporal investigation of COVID‐19 could offer significant data and measurements to help the government checking and powerful arrangement creation of related organizations in medical, social, monetary, and environmental viewpoints.
Ariful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Geospatial dynamics of COVID‐19 clusters and hotspots in Bangladesh. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAriful Islam, Abu Sayeed, Kaisar Rahman, Jinnat Ferdous, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Geospatial dynamics of COVID‐19 clusters and hotspots in Bangladesh. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAriful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2021. "Geospatial dynamics of COVID‐19 clusters and hotspots in Bangladesh." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases , no. : 1.
Rodents can be a source of zoonotic helminths in the Middle East and also in other parts of the world. The current systematic review aimed to provide baseline data on rodent helminths to recognize the threats of helminth parasites on public health in the Middle East region. Following a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a total of 65 research studies on rodent cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes, which were conducted in the countries of the Middle East, were analyzed. The study identified 44 rodent species from which Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus were most common (63%) and recognized as the primary rodent hosts for helminth infestation in this region. Cestodes were the most frequently reported (n = 50), followed by nematodes (49), and trematodes (14). The random effect meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of cestode (57.66%, 95%CI: 34.63–80.70, l2% = 85.6, p < 0.001) was higher in Saudi Arabia, followed by nematode (56.24%, 95%CI: 11.40–101.1, l2% = 96.7, p < 0.001) in Turkey, and trematode (15.83%, 95%CI: 6.25–25.1, l2% = 98.5, p < 0.001) in Egypt. According to the overall prevalence estimates of individual studies, nematodes were higher (32.71%, 95%CI: 24.89–40.54, l2% = 98.6, p < 0.001) followed by cestodes (24.88%, 95%CI: 19.99–29.77, l2% = 94.9, p < 0.001) and trematodes (10.17%, 95%CI: 6.7–13.65, l2% = 98.3, p < 0.001) in the rodents of the Middle East countries. The review detected 22 species of helminths, which have zoonotic importance. The most frequent helminths were Capillaria hepatica, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, and Cysticercus fasciolaris. There was no report of rodent-helminths from Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Furthermore, there is an information gap on rodent helminths at the humans-animal interface level in Middle East countries. Through the One Health approach and countrywide detailed studies on rodent-related helminths along with their impact on public health, the rodent control program should be conducted in this region.
Mazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Devendra Bansal; Salah Al Awaidy; Abdinasir Abubakar; Hamad Al-Rumaihi; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Helminth Parasites among Rodents in the Middle East Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals 2020, 10, 2342 .
AMA StyleMazharul Islam, Elmoubashar Farag, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Devendra Bansal, Salah Al Awaidy, Abdinasir Abubakar, Hamad Al-Rumaihi, Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. Helminth Parasites among Rodents in the Middle East Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazharul Islam; Elmoubashar Farag; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Devendra Bansal; Salah Al Awaidy; Abdinasir Abubakar; Hamad Al-Rumaihi; Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana. 2020. "Helminth Parasites among Rodents in the Middle East Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Animals 10, no. 12: 2342.
Ducks are a natural reservoir of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and can act as a reassortment vessel. Wetlands, such as Hakaluki and Tanguar haor in Bangladesh, have unique ecosystems including domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) rearing, especially household and free-range ducks. A cross-sectional study was, therefore, conducted to explore avian influenza status and its distribution and risk factors in the wetland areas. During the three consecutive winters of 2015–2017, specifically in December of these years, we collected a total of 947 samples including blood, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from domestic ducks (free-range duck (n = 312 samples) and household ducks (n = 635 samples) in wetlands. We screened serum samples using a nucleoprotein competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) to estimate seroprevalence of IAV antibodies and swab samples by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to detect IA viral M gene. Eleven (11) M gene positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Serological and viral prevalence rates of IAVs were 63.8% (95% CI: 60.6–66.8) and 10.7% (8.8–12.8), respectively. Serological and viral RNA prevalence rates were 51.8% (95% CI: 47.2–56.4) and 10.2% (7.6–13.3) in Hakaluki haor, 75.6% (71.5–79.4) and 11.1% (8.5–14.3) in Tanguar haor, 66.3% (62.5–69.9) and 11.2% (8.8–13.9) in household ducks and 58.7% (52.9–64.2) and 9.6% (6.5–13.4) in free-range ducks, respectively. The risk factors identified for higher odds of AI seropositive ducks were location (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2.2–3.8, p < 0.001; Tanguar haor vs. Hakaluki haor), duck-rearing system (OR = 1.4, 1.1–1.8, household vs. free-range), farmer’s education status (OR = 1.5, 1.2–2.0, p < 0.05 illiterate vs. literate) and contact type (OR = 3.0, 2.1–4.3, p < 0.001; contact with chicken vs. no contact with chicken). The risk factors identified for higher odds of AI RNA positive ducks were farmer’s education status (OR = 1.5, 1.0–2.3, p < 0.05 for illiterate vs literate), contact type (OR = 2.7, 1.7–4.2, p < 0.001; ducks having contact with chicken vs. ducks having contact with waterfowl). The phylogenetic analysis of 11 partial M gene sequences suggested that the M gene sequences detected in free-range duck were very similar to each other and were closely related to the M gene sequences of previously reported highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtypes in waterfowl in Bangladesh and Southeast Asian countries. Results of the current study will help provide significant information for future surveillance programs and model IAV infection to predict the spread of the viruses among migratory waterfowl, free-range ducks and domestic poultry in Bangladesh.
Mohammad Hassan; Ariful Islam; Rubyath Hasan; K. Rahman; Richard Webby; A. Hoque; Mohamed El Zowalaty. Prevalence and Distribution of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Waterfowl-Chicken Interface in Wetlands. Pathogens 2020, 9, 953 .
AMA StyleMohammad Hassan, Ariful Islam, Rubyath Hasan, K. Rahman, Richard Webby, A. Hoque, Mohamed El Zowalaty. Prevalence and Distribution of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Waterfowl-Chicken Interface in Wetlands. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (11):953.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Hassan; Ariful Islam; Rubyath Hasan; K. Rahman; Richard Webby; A. Hoque; Mohamed El Zowalaty. 2020. "Prevalence and Distribution of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Waterfowl-Chicken Interface in Wetlands." Pathogens 9, no. 11: 953.
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving mosquito vectors and birds. To detect WNV and other flavivirus infections in wild resident and migratory birds, we tested 184 samples from 19 identified species within nine families collected during 2012–2016 from four districts in Bangladesh. We tested serum samples for the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against WNV using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), whereas tracheal and cloacal swabs were subjected to consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (c-PCR) for the detection of the flavivirus RNA. Overall, we detected 11.9% (n = 22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.16) samples were seropositive, including 15.9% in the migratory wild birds and 10.7% in the resident wild birds. The migratory wild Tufted duck showed 28.5% seropositivity, whereas the resident wild house crows showed 12.5% seropositivity. None of the swab samples was positive for flavivirus RNA infection (0%, n = 184; 95% CI: 0–0.019). These study findings recommend continued surveillance for early detection and to better understand the epidemiology of WNV and other flavivirus circulation in both birds and mosquitoes in Bangladesh.
Ariful Islam; Shariful Islam; Mohammad Enayet Hossain; Jinnat Ferdous; Josefina Abedin; Mohammad Ziaur Rahman; Kaisar Rahman; Ahasanul Hoque; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 164 .
AMA StyleAriful Islam, Shariful Islam, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Jinnat Ferdous, Josefina Abedin, Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Kaisar Rahman, Ahasanul Hoque, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (4):164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAriful Islam; Shariful Islam; Mohammad Enayet Hossain; Jinnat Ferdous; Josefina Abedin; Mohammad Ziaur Rahman; Kaisar Rahman; Ahasanul Hoque; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2020. "Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4: 164.
Bats are known reservoirs of Nipah virus (NiV) and some filoviruses and also appear likely to harbor the evolutionary progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While bats are considered a reservoir of deadly viruses, little is known about people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat conservation and ecology. The current study aimed to assess community people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat ecology, myths, and the role of bats in transmitting NiV in Bangladesh. Since 2001, NiV has been a continuous threat to public health with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in Bangladesh. Over the years, many public health interventions have been implemented to raise awareness about bats and the spreading of NiV among the community peoples of Nipah outbreak areas (NOAs) and Nipah non-outbreak areas (NNOAs). We hypothesized that people from both areas might have similar knowledge of bat ecology and myths about bats but different knowledge regarding their role in the spreading of NiV. Using a four-point Likert scale-based questionnaire, our analysis showed that most people lack adequate knowledge regarding the role of bats in maintaining the ecological balance and instead trust their beliefs in different myths about bats. Factor score analysis showed that respondents’ gender (p = 0.01), the outbreak status of the area (p = 0.03), and their occupation (p = 0.04) were significant factors influencing their knowledge of bat ecology and myths. A regression analysis showed that farmers had 0.34 times the odds of having correct or positive knowledge of bat ecology and myths than businesspersons (odds ratio (OR) = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.15–0.78, p = 0.01). Regarding the spreading of NiV via bats, people had a lower level of knowledge. In NOAs, age (p = 0.00), occupation (p = 0.00), and level of education (p = 0.00) were found to be factors contributing to the amount of knowledge regarding the transmission of NiV, whereas in NNOAs, the contributing factors were occupation (p = 0.00) and level of education (p = 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that respondents who were engaged in services (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.07–8.54, p = 0.04) and who had completed primary education (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.02–9.17, p < 0.05) were likely to have correct knowledge regarding the spreading of NiV. Based on the study results, we recommend educational interventions for targeted groups in the community, highlighting the ecosystem services and conservation of bats so as to improve people’s current knowledge and subsequent behavior regarding the role of bats in ecology and the spreading of NiV in Bangladesh.
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Mahabub Alam; Shahanaj Shano; Abdullah Al Faruq; Saddam Hossain; Nurul Islam; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh. Animals 2020, 10, 1814 .
AMA StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Mahabub Alam, Shahanaj Shano, Abdullah Al Faruq, Saddam Hossain, Nurul Islam, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh. Animals. 2020; 10 (10):1814.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Mahabub Alam; Shahanaj Shano; Abdullah Al Faruq; Saddam Hossain; Nurul Islam; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh." Animals 10, no. 10: 1814.
The COVID-19 pandemic has manifested more than a health crisis and has severely impacted on social, economic, and development crises in the world. The relationship of COVID-19 with countries’ economic and other demographic statuses is an important criterion with which to assess the impact of this current outbreak. Based on available data from the online platform, we tested the hypotheses of a country’s economic status, population density, the median age of the population, and urbanization pattern influence on the test, attack, case fatality, and recovery rates of COVID-19. We performed correlation and multivariate multinomial regression analysis with relative risk ratio (RRR) to test the hypotheses. The correlation analysis showed that population density and test rate had a significantly negative association (r = −0.2384, p = 0.00). In contrast, the median age had a significant positive correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.4654, p = 0.00) and case fatality rate (r = 0.2847, p = 0.00). The urban population rate had a positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.1610, p = 0.04). Lower-middle-income countries had a negative significant correlation with case fatality rate (r= −0.3310, p = 0.04). The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that low-income countries are more likely to have an increased risk of case fatality rate (RRR = 0.986, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 0.97−1.00, p < 0.05) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.95–0.98, p = 0.00). The lower-income countries are more likely to have a higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.96–0.98, p = 0.00). Similarly, upper middle-income countries are more likely to have higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.98–1.0, p = 0.01) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00). The low- and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services and implement adequate COVID-19 preventive measures to reduce the risk burden. We recommend a participatory, whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach for responding to the socio-economic challenges of COVID-19 and ensuring more resilient and robust health systems to safeguard against preventable deaths and poverty by improving public health outcomes.
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2020, 13, 194 .
AMA StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Kaisar Rahman, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2020; 13 (9):194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 9: 194.
Avian influenza (AI) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in Bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2. Among avian influenza A viruses (AIV), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. Captive birds in zoos and safari parks are used for educational, recreational, breeding, and conservational purposes in Bangladesh. To screen for AIV in captive birds to assess potential public health threats, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two safari parks and one zoo in Bangladesh for four months, from November to December 2013 and from January to February 2014. We collected blood samples, oropharyngeal, and cloacal swabs from 228 birds. We tested serum samples for AIV antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and AIV sero-subtype H5, H7, and H9 using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Swab samples were tested for the presence of avian influenza viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Across all the samples, AIV antibody prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI: 6.1–14.2, n = 228) and AIV HA subtype H5, H7 and H9 sero-prevalence was 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228), 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228) and 6.6% (95% CI: 3.72–10.6, n = 228), respectively. No AI viral RNA (M-gene) was detected in any swab sample (0%, 95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228). Birds in the Safari park at Cox’s Bazar had a higher prevalence in both AIV antibody prevalence (13.5%) and AIV H9 sero-prevalence (9.6%) than any of the other sites, although the difference was not statistically significant. Among eight species of birds, Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) had the highest sero-positivity for both AIV antibody prevalence (26.1%) and AIV H9 prevalence (17.4%) followed by Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) with AIV antibody prevalence of 18.2% and AIV H9 prevalence of 11.4%. Our results highlight the presence of AI antibodies indicating low pathogenic AIV mingling in captive birds in zoos and safari parks in Bangladesh. Continuous programmed surveillance is therefore recommended to help better understand the diversity of AIVs and provide a clear picture of AI in captive wild birds, enabling interventions to reduce the risk of AIV transmission to humans.
Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Rahman; N. U. Chowdhury; Hatem S. M. Z. Nine; Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 122 .
AMA StyleMohammad M. Hassan, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Ariful Islam, Rahman, N. U. Chowdhury, Hatem S. M. Z. Nine, Rahman, Josef D. Järhult, A. Hoque. Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (3):122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Rahman; N. U. Chowdhury; Hatem S. M. Z. Nine; Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. 2020. "Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 3: 122.
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern globally, but the impact is very deleterious in the context of Bangladesh. Recent review article on the AMR issue demonstrates the scenario in human medicine; unfortunately, no attempt was taken to address this as One Health issue. The antimicrobial resistance bacteria or genes are circulating in the fragile ecosystems and disseminate into human food chain through direct or indirect ways. In this systematic review we are exploring the mechanism or the process of development of resistance pathogen into human food chain via the domestic animal, wildlife and environmental sources in the context of One Health and future recommendation to mitigate this issue in Bangladesh. Results Tetracycline resistance genes were presenting in almost all sample sources in higher concentrations against enteric pathogen Escherichia coli. The second most significant antibiotics are amino-penicillin that showed resistant pattern across different source of samples. It is a matter of concerns that cephalosporin tends to acquire resistance in wildlife species that might be an indication of this antibiotic resistance gene or the pathogen been circulating in our surrounding environment though the mechanism is still unclear. Conclusions Steps to control antibiotic release and environmental disposal from all uses should be immediate and obligatory. There is a need for detailed system biology analysis of resistance development in-situ.
Shahneaz Ali Khan; Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz; Abu Sayeed; Amir Hossan Shaikat; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domestic animal - wildlife - environmental niche via the food chain to humans with a Bangladesh perspective; a systematic review. BMC Veterinary Research 2020, 16, 1 -13.
AMA StyleShahneaz Ali Khan, Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz, Abu Sayeed, Amir Hossan Shaikat, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domestic animal - wildlife - environmental niche via the food chain to humans with a Bangladesh perspective; a systematic review. BMC Veterinary Research. 2020; 16 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahneaz Ali Khan; Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz; Abu Sayeed; Amir Hossan Shaikat; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2020. "Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domestic animal - wildlife - environmental niche via the food chain to humans with a Bangladesh perspective; a systematic review." BMC Veterinary Research 16, no. 1: 1-13.
A cross sectional study was conducted (2010–2013) to determine the diversity of hemoprotozoa among bats of Bangladesh. Microscopic examination of blood smears (N=533; Pteropus medius (377), Rousettus leschenaultii (111), Megaderma lyra (45)) revealed 9% of bats (95% confidence interval CI: 7–12%) were positive for hemoprotozoa. The overall prevalence of hemoparasites among P. medius was 5% (n=20, 95% CI: 3–8%); where Babesia sp. was 3% (n=12, 95% CI: 2–5%) and Hepatocytis sp. was 2% (n=8, 95% CI: 1–4%). Moreover, 13% of R. leschenaultii were positive (n=14, 95% CI: 7–20%) where prevalence of Babesia sp. was 10% (n=11, 95% CI: 5–17%) and prevalence of Hepatocystis sp. was 3% (n=3, 95% CI: 1–8%). Twenty-nine percent (n=13, 95% CI: 16–44%) of M. lyra harbored hemoparasites, among which 20% (n=9, 95% CI: 10–35%) were Babesia sp. and 9% (n=4, 95% CI: 2–21%) were Hepatocystis sp. The study indicates bats remain important hosts for various zoonotic parasites and suggests further research.
Shariful Islam; Rakib Uddin Ahmed; Md. Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Helal Uddin; Sazeda Akter; Abdullah Al Faruq; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Ausraful Islam. Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2020, 12, 16245 -16250.
AMA StyleShariful Islam, Rakib Uddin Ahmed, Md. Kaisar Rahman, Jinnat Ferdous, Helal Uddin, Sazeda Akter, Abdullah Al Faruq, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Ausraful Islam. Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 2020; 12 (10):16245-16250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShariful Islam; Rakib Uddin Ahmed; Md. Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Helal Uddin; Sazeda Akter; Abdullah Al Faruq; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Ausraful Islam. 2020. "Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 10: 16245-16250.
The COVID-19 outbreak has severely affected the social and economic conditions across this globe. Little is known about the relationship of COVID-19 with countries’ economic and socio-demographic status. Publicly available data on COVID-19 test rate, attack rate, case fatality rate, and recovery rate were analyzed in relation to country’s economic status, population density, median age, and urban population ratio. We also conducted multinomial logistic regression analysis to predict the influence of countries’ social and economic factors on COVID-19. The results revealed that the median age had significant positive correlation with attack rate (r=0.2389, p=0.003), case fatality rate (r=0.3207, p=0.000) and recovery rate (r=0.4847, p=0.000). The urbanization has positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r=0.1957, p= 0.016). The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed low-income countries are less likely to have an increased recovery rate (p=0.000) and attack rate (p=0.016) compare to high-income countries. The lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries are less likely to have an increased recovery rate (p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively) compared to high-income countries. Based on the result of this study, these economic and socio-demographic factors should consider in designing appropriate preventive measures as a next step. The low and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services to lower the case fatality rate and increase test and recovery rates as part of pandemic preparation like COVID-19. As the number of COVID-19 attacks, death and recovery rates are constantly changing; however, the intensive study is required to obtain a clear picture.
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Kaisar Rahman, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally." , no. : 1.
Consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic residues above the maximum residue limit (MRL) causes direct toxicity to humans and the development of superbugs that leads to the failure of antibiotic therapy and threatens human life. Besides, long-duration exposure might alter the nature of gut microflora results in the enhancement of many diseases. Therefore, we examined 300 raw and processed packet milk samples using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method against five veterinary antibiotics and assessed the risk for consumers in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Risk analysis was calculated by using hazard quotient on the basis of 165 ml per capita milk consumption. We found a total of 7% prevalence of antibiotic residues in raw milk samples which were higher (8%) in individual samples than the pooled samples (4%). However, we did not find any processed packet milk samples as positive. The mean concentration of oxytetracycline residue was detected 61.29 µg/l and amoxicillin was 124 µg/l in individual milk samples. Risk analysis showed the hazard quotient values of 0.0056 for oxytetracycline and 0.0017 for amoxicillin residue which was confirmed that, no significant health risk associated with the consumption of milk produced and marketed in the study area. Our study might fill the gap of knowledge to measure the safety status of milk regarding public health issues.
Rahman; Mohammad Hassan; Sharmin Chowdhury. Determination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residue in Cow Milk in Bangladesh. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleRahman, Mohammad Hassan, Sharmin Chowdhury. Determination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residue in Cow Milk in Bangladesh. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahman; Mohammad Hassan; Sharmin Chowdhury. 2020. "Determination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residue in Cow Milk in Bangladesh." , no. : 1.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses have pandemic potential, cause significant economic losses and are of veterinary and public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds in Bangladesh. We conducted an avian influenza sero-surveillance in wild and domestic birds in wetlands of Chattogram and Sylhet in the winter seasons 2012–2014. We tested serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), and randomly selected positive serum samples (170 of 942) were tested using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) to detect antibodies against the 16 different HA sero-subtypes. All AIV sero–subtypes except H7, H11, H14 and H15 were identified in the present study, with H5 and H9 dominating over other subtypes, regardless of the bird species. The diversity of HA sero-subtypes within groups ranged from 3 (in household chickens) to 10 (in migratory birds). The prevalence of the H5 sero-subtype was 76.3% (29/38) in nomadic ducks, 71.4% (5/7) in household chicken, 66.7% (24/36) in resident wild birds, 65.9% (27/41) in migratory birds and 61.7% (29/47) in household ducks. Moreover, the H9 sero-subtype was common in migratory birds (56%; 23/41), followed by 38.3% (18/47) in household ducks, 36.8% (14/38) in nomadic ducks, 30.6% (11/66) in resident wild birds and 28.5% (2/7) in household chickens. H1, H4 and H6 sero-subtypes were the most common sero-subtypes (80%; 8/10, 70%; 7/10 and 70%; 7/10, respectively) in migratory birds in 2012, H9 in resident wild birds (83.3%; 5/6) and H2 in nomadic ducks (73.9%; 17/23) in 2013, and the H5 sero-subtype in all types of birds (50% to 100%) in 2014. The present study demonstrates that a high diversity of HA subtypes circulated in diverse bird species in Bangladesh, and this broad range of AIV hosts may increase the probability of AIVs’ reassortment and may enhance the emergence of novel AIV strains. A continued surveillance for AIV at targeted domestic–wild bird interfaces is recommended to understand the ecology and evolution of AIVs.
Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Shahneaz A. Khan; K. Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 73 .
AMA StyleMohammad M. Hassan, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Ariful Islam, Shahneaz A. Khan, K. Rahman, Josef D. Järhult, A. Hoque. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (2):73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Shahneaz A. Khan; K. Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. 2020. "Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2: 73.