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In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2021, 1 -54.
AMA StyleJens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R. Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J. Bennett, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B. Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Judith K. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L. de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, J. Felix Drexler, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W. Ferguson, Anthony R. Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L. Goldberg, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong, Ni Hong, Seiji Hongo, Masayuki Horie, John S. Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R. Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H. Hyndman, M. Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, Karia H. Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Eric M. Leroy, Shaorong Li, Longhui Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Huazhen Liu, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M. Miller, Tobi J. Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J. Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Adam C. Park, Colin R. Parrish, David A. Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R. Pérez, Thomas S. Postler, Liying Qi, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya, Angela D. Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G. Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A. Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, David P. Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S. Towner, Shinya Tsuda, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Guoping Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Yaqin Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi, Shaohua Wen, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu, Lei Xu, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Zuokun Yang, F. Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Song Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2021; ():1-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021. "2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology , no. : 1-54.
Bat flies (Hippoboscoidea: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of bats. We collected streblid bat flies from the New World (México) and the Old World (Uganda), and used metagenomics to identify their viruses. In México, we found méjal virus (Rhabdoviridae; Vesiculovirus), Amate virus (Reoviridae: Orbivirus), and two unclassified viruses of invertebrates. Méjal virus is related to emerging zoonotic encephalitis viruses and to the agriculturally important vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV). Amate virus and its sister taxon from a bat are most closely related to mosquito- and tick-borne orbiviruses, suggesting a previously unrecognized orbivirus transmission cycle involving bats and bat flies. In Uganda, we found mamucuso virus (Peribunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) and two unclassified viruses (a rhabdovirus and an invertebrate virus). Mamucuso virus is related to encephalitic viruses of mammals and to viruses from nycteribiid bat flies and louse flies, suggesting a previously unrecognized orthobunyavirus transmission cycle involving hippoboscoid insects. Bat fly virus transmission may be neither strictly vector-borne nor strictly vertical, with opportunistic feeding by bat flies occasionally leading to zoonotic transmission. Many “bat-associated” viruses, which are ecologically and epidemiologically associated with bats but rarely or never found in bats themselves, may actually be viruses of bat flies or other bat ectoparasites.
María Ramírez-Martínez; Andrew Bennett; Christopher Dunn; Thomas Yuill; Tony Goldberg. Bat Flies of the Family Streblidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) Host Relatives of Medically and Agriculturally Important “Bat-Associated” Viruses. Viruses 2021, 13, 860 .
AMA StyleMaría Ramírez-Martínez, Andrew Bennett, Christopher Dunn, Thomas Yuill, Tony Goldberg. Bat Flies of the Family Streblidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) Host Relatives of Medically and Agriculturally Important “Bat-Associated” Viruses. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):860.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Ramírez-Martínez; Andrew Bennett; Christopher Dunn; Thomas Yuill; Tony Goldberg. 2021. "Bat Flies of the Family Streblidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) Host Relatives of Medically and Agriculturally Important “Bat-Associated” Viruses." Viruses 13, no. 5: 860.
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes acute, lethal disease in macaques. We developed a single-plasmid cDNA-launch infectious clone of SHFV (rSHFV) and modified the clone to rescue an enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing rSHFV-eGFP that can be used for rapid and quantitative detection of infection. SHFV has a narrow cell tropism in vitro, with only the grivet MA-104 cell line and a few other grivet cell lines being susceptible to virion entry and permissive to infection. Using rSHFV-eGFP, we demonstrate that one cricetid rodent cell line and three ape cell lines also fully support SHFV replication, whereas 55 human cell lines, 11 bat cell lines, and three rodent cells do not. Interestingly, some human and other mammalian cell lines apparently resistant to SHFV infection are permissive after transfection with the rSHFV-eGFP cDNA-launch plasmid. To further demonstrate the investigative potential of the infectious clone system, we introduced stop codons into eight viral open reading frames (ORFs). This approach suggested that at least one ORF, ORF 2b’, is dispensable for SHFV in vitro replication. Our proof-of-principle experiments indicated that rSHFV-eGFP is a useful tool for illuminating the understudied molecular biology of SHFV.
Yingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Ying Fang; Laura Bollinger; Yanhua Li; Michael Lauck; Elena Postnikova; Steven Mazur; Reed Johnson; Courtney Finch; Sheli Radoshitzky; Gustavo Palacios; Thomas Friedrich; Tony Goldberg; David O’Connor; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn. Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication. Viruses 2021, 13, 632 .
AMA StyleYingyun Cai, Shuiqing Yu, Ying Fang, Laura Bollinger, Yanhua Li, Michael Lauck, Elena Postnikova, Steven Mazur, Reed Johnson, Courtney Finch, Sheli Radoshitzky, Gustavo Palacios, Thomas Friedrich, Tony Goldberg, David O’Connor, Peter Jahrling, Jens Kuhn. Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Ying Fang; Laura Bollinger; Yanhua Li; Michael Lauck; Elena Postnikova; Steven Mazur; Reed Johnson; Courtney Finch; Sheli Radoshitzky; Gustavo Palacios; Thomas Friedrich; Tony Goldberg; David O’Connor; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn. 2021. "Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication." Viruses 13, no. 4: 632.
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22494-5
Leah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. Publisher Correction: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -1.
AMA StyleLeah A. Owens, Barbara Colitti, Ismail Hirji, Andrea Pizarro, Jenny E. Jaffe, Sophie Moittié, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Luis A. Estrella, Logan J. Voegtly, Jens H. Kuhn, Garret Suen, Courtney L. Deblois, Christopher D. Dunn, Carles Juan-Sallés, Tony L. Goldberg. Publisher Correction: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. 2021. "Publisher Correction: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-1.
In March 2017, a wild‐caught female common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus from Iowa, USA, with an enlarged posterior abdomen was submitted for diagnostic assessment. The cause of the abdominal distension was a large fluid‐filled abdominal mass, diagnosed as a nephroblastoma. Parasites and numerous bacteria were isolated and identified from the mudpuppy but were determined to be incidental. Samples of the neoplasm inoculated onto an American toad Anaxyrus americanus cell line (BufoTad) yielded cytopathic effect during several passages. However, standard molecular testing of the cell culture supernatant failed to identify any viruses. Next‐generation sequencing identified the replicating agent as a bacterium of the genus Acholeplasma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of Acholeplasma within the nephroblastoma, including within tumor cells. This is the first report of nephroblastoma and the second report of neoplasia in this species. The results also suggest that certain bacteria of the genus Acholeplasma might be oncogenic.
Isaac Standish; Eric Leis; Sara Erickson; Ryan Katona; Wes Baumgartner; Kevin Hanson; Iman Ibrahim; Tony Goldberg. Nephroblastoma in a Common Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus simultaneously Present with a Mollicute Bacterium of the Genus Acholeplasma. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2021, 33, 44 -52.
AMA StyleIsaac Standish, Eric Leis, Sara Erickson, Ryan Katona, Wes Baumgartner, Kevin Hanson, Iman Ibrahim, Tony Goldberg. Nephroblastoma in a Common Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus simultaneously Present with a Mollicute Bacterium of the Genus Acholeplasma. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2021; 33 (1):44-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaac Standish; Eric Leis; Sara Erickson; Ryan Katona; Wes Baumgartner; Kevin Hanson; Iman Ibrahim; Tony Goldberg. 2021. "Nephroblastoma in a Common Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus simultaneously Present with a Mollicute Bacterium of the Genus Acholeplasma." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 33, no. 1: 44-52.
Serological assays were conducted for anti‐viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) antibodies in four species of fish in Wisconsin (Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Northern Pike Esox lucius, and Walleye Sander vitreus) to examine spatial and temporal distributions of exposure. Sera were tested for non‐neutralizing anti‐nucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV by blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (percent inhibition [%I]) were analyzed for differences among species, across geographic distance, and among water management units. Positive fish occurred in 37 of 46 inland water bodies tested, including in water bodies far from reported outbreak events. Using highly conservative species‐specific thresholds (mean %I of presumptive uninfected fish + 2 SDs), 4.3% of Bluegill, 13.4% of Brown Trout, 19.3% of Northern Pike, and 18.3% of Walleye tested positive for VHSV antibodies by ELISA. Spatial patterns of seropositivity and changes in %I between sampling years were also analyzed. These analyses explore how serology might be used to understand VHSV distribution and dynamics and ultimately to inform fisheries management.
Whitney A. Thiel; Kathy L. Toohey‐Kurth; David Giehtbrock; Bridget B. Baker; Megan Finley; Tony L. Goldberg. Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2021, 33, 53 -65.
AMA StyleWhitney A. Thiel, Kathy L. Toohey‐Kurth, David Giehtbrock, Bridget B. Baker, Megan Finley, Tony L. Goldberg. Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2021; 33 (1):53-65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWhitney A. Thiel; Kathy L. Toohey‐Kurth; David Giehtbrock; Bridget B. Baker; Megan Finley; Tony L. Goldberg. 2021. "Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 33, no. 1: 53-65.
Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) comprise a common syndrome of aging that negatively impacts quality of life. The etiology of LUTS is multifactorial, involving benign prostatic hyperplasia, smooth muscle and neurologic dysfunction, inflammation, sexually transmitted infections, fibrosis, and potentially dysbiosis, but this aspect remains poorly explored. We investigated whether the presence of infectious agents in urine might be associated with LUTS by combining next-generation DNA sequencing for virus discovery, microbiome analysis for characterization of bacterial communities, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In urine from 29 LUTS cases and 9 controls from Wisconsin, we found a statistically significant association between a diagnosis of LUTS and the presence of JC virus (JCV), a common neurotropic human polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae, Betapolyomavirus) linked to severe neurologic disease in rare cases. This association (based on metagenomics) was not borne out when specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was applied to this set of samples, likely due to the greater sensitivity of PCR. Interestingly, urine metabolomics analysis identified dysregulation of metabolites associated with key LUTS processes. Microbiome analysis found no evidence of microbial community dysbiosis in LUTS cases, but JCV-positive samples contained more Anaerococcus species, which are involved in polymicrobial infections of the urinary tract. Neither age nor body mass index were significantly associated with the presence of urinary JCV—in the initial group or in an additional, regionally distinct group. These data provide preliminary support the hypothesis that viruses such as JCV may play a role in the development or progression of LUTS, together with other infectious agents and host metabolic responses.
Samuel Thomas; Christopher D. Dunn; Lewis J. Campbell; Douglas W. Strand; Chad M. Vezina; Dale E. Bjorling; Kristina L. Penniston; Lingjun Li; William A. Ricke; Tony L. Goldberg. A multi-omic investigation of male lower urinary tract symptoms: Potential role for JC virus. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0246266 .
AMA StyleSamuel Thomas, Christopher D. Dunn, Lewis J. Campbell, Douglas W. Strand, Chad M. Vezina, Dale E. Bjorling, Kristina L. Penniston, Lingjun Li, William A. Ricke, Tony L. Goldberg. A multi-omic investigation of male lower urinary tract symptoms: Potential role for JC virus. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (2):e0246266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Thomas; Christopher D. Dunn; Lewis J. Campbell; Douglas W. Strand; Chad M. Vezina; Dale E. Bjorling; Kristina L. Penniston; Lingjun Li; William A. Ricke; Tony L. Goldberg. 2021. "A multi-omic investigation of male lower urinary tract symptoms: Potential role for JC virus." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2: e0246266.
Human and animal infections with bacteria of the genus Sarcina (family Clostridiaceae) are associated with gastric dilation and emphysematous gastritis. However, the potential roles of sarcinae as commensals or pathogens remain unclear. Here, we investigate a lethal disease of unknown etiology that affects sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Sierra Leone. The disease, which we have named “epizootic neurologic and gastroenteric syndrome” (ENGS), is characterized by neurologic and gastrointestinal signs and results in death of the animals, even after medical treatment. Using a case-control study design, we show that ENGS is strongly associated with Sarcina infection. The microorganism is distinct from Sarcina ventriculi and other known members of its genus, based on bacterial morphology and growth characteristics. Whole-genome sequencing confirms this distinction and reveals the presence of genetic features that may account for the unusual virulence of the bacterium. Therefore, we propose that this organism be considered the representative of a new species, named “Candidatus Sarcina troglodytae”. Our results suggest that a heretofore unrecognized complex of related sarcinae likely exists, some of which may be highly virulent. However, the potential role of “Ca. S. troglodytae” in the etiology of ENGS, alone or in combination with other factors, remains a topic for future research.
Leah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -16.
AMA StyleLeah A. Owens, Barbara Colitti, Ismail Hirji, Andrea Pizarro, Jenny E. Jaffe, Sophie Moittié, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Luis A. Estrella, Logan J. Voegtly, Jens H. Kuhn, Garret Suen, Courtney L. Deblois, Christopher D. Dunn, Carles Juan-Sallés, Tony L. Goldberg. A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. 2021. "A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-16.
Respiratory illnesses, including COVID‐19, present a serious threat to endangered wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) populations. In some parts of sub‐Saharan Africa, chimpanzee tracking is a popular tourism activity, offering visitors a chance to view apes in their natural habitats. Chimpanzee tourism is an important source of revenue and thus benefits conservation; however, chimpanzee tracking may also increase the risk of disease transmission from people to chimpanzees directly (e.g., via aerosol transmission) or indirectly (e.g., through the environment or via fomites). This study assessed how tourist behaviors might facilitate respiratory disease transmission at a chimpanzee tracking site in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We observed tourists, guides, and student interns from the time they entered the forest to view the chimpanzees until they left the forest and noted behaviors related to disease transmission. Common behaviors included coughing, sneezing, and urinating, which respectively occurred during 88.1%, 65.4%, and 36.6% of excursions. Per excursion, individuals touched their faces an average of 125.84 ± 34.45 times and touched large tree trunks or branches (which chimpanzees might subsequently touch) an average of 230.14 ± 108.66 times. These results show that many pathways exist by which pathogens might move from humans to chimpanzees in the context of tourism. Guidelines for minimizing the risk of such transmission should consider tourist behavior and the full range of modes by which pathogen transmission might occur between tourists and chimpanzees.
Darcey B. Glasser; Tony L. Goldberg; Nelson Guma; Godfrey Balyesiima; Hillary Agaba; Simplicious J. Gessa; Jessica M. Rothman. Opportunities for respiratory disease transmission from people to chimpanzees at an East African tourism site. American Journal of Primatology 2021, 83, e23228 .
AMA StyleDarcey B. Glasser, Tony L. Goldberg, Nelson Guma, Godfrey Balyesiima, Hillary Agaba, Simplicious J. Gessa, Jessica M. Rothman. Opportunities for respiratory disease transmission from people to chimpanzees at an East African tourism site. American Journal of Primatology. 2021; 83 (2):e23228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarcey B. Glasser; Tony L. Goldberg; Nelson Guma; Godfrey Balyesiima; Hillary Agaba; Simplicious J. Gessa; Jessica M. Rothman. 2021. "Opportunities for respiratory disease transmission from people to chimpanzees at an East African tourism site." American Journal of Primatology 83, no. 2: e23228.
We report the discovery and sequence-based molecular characterization of a novel virus, lanama virus (LNMV), in blood samples obtained from two wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), sampled near Lake Nabugabo, Masaka District, Uganda. Sequencing of the complete viral genomes and subsequent phylogenetic analysis identified LNMV as a distinct member of species Kunsagivirus C, in the undercharacterized picornavirid genus Kunsagivirus.
Jens Kuhn; Samuel Sibley; Colin Chapman; Nick Knowles; Michael Lauck; Joshua Johnson; Cristine Lawson; Matthew Lackemeyer; Kim Valenta; Patrick Omeja; Peter Jahrling; David O’Connor; Tony Goldberg. Discovery of Lanama Virus, a Distinct Member of Species Kunsagivirus C (Picornavirales: Picornaviridae), in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Viruses 2020, 12, 1436 .
AMA StyleJens Kuhn, Samuel Sibley, Colin Chapman, Nick Knowles, Michael Lauck, Joshua Johnson, Cristine Lawson, Matthew Lackemeyer, Kim Valenta, Patrick Omeja, Peter Jahrling, David O’Connor, Tony Goldberg. Discovery of Lanama Virus, a Distinct Member of Species Kunsagivirus C (Picornavirales: Picornaviridae), in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJens Kuhn; Samuel Sibley; Colin Chapman; Nick Knowles; Michael Lauck; Joshua Johnson; Cristine Lawson; Matthew Lackemeyer; Kim Valenta; Patrick Omeja; Peter Jahrling; David O’Connor; Tony Goldberg. 2020. "Discovery of Lanama Virus, a Distinct Member of Species Kunsagivirus C (Picornavirales: Picornaviridae), in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1436.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Andrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. Author Correction: Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature 2020, 588, E2 -E2.
AMA StyleAndrew J. Bennett, Adrian C. Paskey, Arnt Ebinger, Florian Pfaff, Grit Priemer, Dirk Höper, ANGELE Breithaupt, Elisa Heuser, Rainer G. Ulrich, Jens H. Kuhn, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Martin Beer, Tony L. Goldberg. Author Correction: Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature. 2020; 588 (7836):E2-E2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. 2020. "Author Correction: Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals." Nature 588, no. 7836: E2-E2.
Microbial skin assemblages, including fungal communities, can influence host resistance to infectious diseases. The diversity-invasibility hypothesis predicts that high-diversity communities are less easily invaded than species-poor communities, and thus diverse microbial communities may prevent pathogens from colonizing a host. To explore the hypothesis that host fungal communities mediate resistance to infection by fungal pathogens, we investigated characteristics of bat skin fungal communities as they relate to susceptibility to the emerging disease white-nose syndrome (WNS). Using a culture-based approach, we compared skin fungal assemblage characteristics of 10 bat species that differ in susceptibility to WNS across 10 eastern U.S. states. The fungal assemblages on WNS-susceptible bat species had significantly lower alpha diversity and abundance compared to WNS-resistant species. Overall fungal assemblage structure did not vary based on WNS-susceptibility, but several yeast species were differentially abundant on WNS-resistant bat species. One yeast species inhibited Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent on WNS, in vitro under certain conditions, suggesting a possible role in host protection. Further exploration of interactions between Pd and constituents of skin fungal assemblages may prove useful for predicting susceptibility of bat populations to WNS and for developing effective mitigation strategies.
Karen J. Vanderwolf; Lewis J. Campbell; Tony L. Goldberg; David S. Blehert; Jeffrey M. Lorch. Skin fungal assemblages of bats vary based on susceptibility to white-nose syndrome. The ISME Journal 2020, 15, 909 -920.
AMA StyleKaren J. Vanderwolf, Lewis J. Campbell, Tony L. Goldberg, David S. Blehert, Jeffrey M. Lorch. Skin fungal assemblages of bats vary based on susceptibility to white-nose syndrome. The ISME Journal. 2020; 15 (3):909-920.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaren J. Vanderwolf; Lewis J. Campbell; Tony L. Goldberg; David S. Blehert; Jeffrey M. Lorch. 2020. "Skin fungal assemblages of bats vary based on susceptibility to white-nose syndrome." The ISME Journal 15, no. 3: 909-920.
We studied farmworker practices potentially contributing to transmission of bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) among animals and farm workers to identify human behavioral interventions to reduce exposure risk. Ten focus groups were conducted on eight farms to explore potentially high-risk practices and farmworker knowledge and experiences with antimicrobial use and resistance using the Systems Engineering in Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework. Farmworkers were asked to describe common tasks and the policies guiding these practices. We found workers demonstrated knowledge of the role of antibiotic stewardship in preventing the spread of ARGs. Knowledge of various forms of personal protective equipment was higher for workers who commonly reported glove-use. Knowledge regarding the importance of reducing ARG transmission varied but was greater than previously reported. Programs to reduce ARG spread on dairy farms should focus on proper hand hygiene and personal protective equipment use but at the level of knowledge, beliefs, and practices.
Ashley E. Kates; Mary Jo Knobloch; Ali Konkel; Amanda Young; Andrew Steinberger; John Shutske; Pamela L. Ruegg; Ajay K. Sethi; Tony Goldberg; Juliana Leite De Campos; Garret Suen; Nasia Safdar. Use of a systems engineering framework to assess perceptions and practices about antimicrobial resistance of workers on large dairy farms in Wisconsin. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAshley E. Kates, Mary Jo Knobloch, Ali Konkel, Amanda Young, Andrew Steinberger, John Shutske, Pamela L. Ruegg, Ajay K. Sethi, Tony Goldberg, Juliana Leite De Campos, Garret Suen, Nasia Safdar. Use of a systems engineering framework to assess perceptions and practices about antimicrobial resistance of workers on large dairy farms in Wisconsin. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshley E. Kates; Mary Jo Knobloch; Ali Konkel; Amanda Young; Andrew Steinberger; John Shutske; Pamela L. Ruegg; Ajay K. Sethi; Tony Goldberg; Juliana Leite De Campos; Garret Suen; Nasia Safdar. 2020. "Use of a systems engineering framework to assess perceptions and practices about antimicrobial resistance of workers on large dairy farms in Wisconsin." , no. : 1.
Since 1814, when rubella was first described, the origins of the disease and its causative agent, rubella virus (Matonaviridae: Rubivirus), have remained unclear1. Here we describe ruhugu virus and rustrela virus in Africa and Europe, respectively, which are, to our knowledge, the first known relatives of rubella virus. Ruhugu virus, which is the closest relative of rubella virus, was found in apparently healthy cyclops leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros cyclops) in Uganda. Rustrela virus, which is an outgroup to the clade that comprises rubella and ruhugu viruses, was found in acutely encephalitic placental and marsupial animals at a zoo in Germany and in wild yellow-necked field mice (Apodemus flavicollis) at and near the zoo. Ruhugu and rustrela viruses share an identical genomic architecture with rubella virus2,3. The amino acid sequences of four putative B cell epitopes in the fusion (E1) protein of the rubella, ruhugu and rustrela viruses and two putative T cell epitopes in the capsid protein of the rubella and ruhugu viruses are moderately to highly conserved4–6. Modelling of E1 homotrimers in the post-fusion state predicts that ruhugu and rubella viruses have a similar capacity for fusion with the host-cell membrane5. Together, these findings show that some members of the family Matonaviridae can cross substantial barriers between host species and that rubella virus probably has a zoonotic origin. Our findings raise concerns about future zoonotic transmission of rubella-like viruses, but will facilitate comparative studies and animal models of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Ruhugu virus and rustrela virus are the first close relatives of rubella virus, providing insights into the zoonotic origin of rubella virus and the epidemiology and evolution of all three viruses.
Andrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature 2020, 586, 424 -428.
AMA StyleAndrew J. Bennett, Adrian C. Paskey, Arnt Ebinger, Florian Pfaff, Grit Priemer, Dirk Höper, ANGELE Breithaupt, Elisa Heuser, Rainer G. Ulrich, Jens H. Kuhn, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Martin Beer, Tony L. Goldberg. Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature. 2020; 586 (7829):424-428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. 2020. "Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals." Nature 586, no. 7829: 424-428.
Understanding the emergence of novel viruses requires an accurate and comprehensive annotation of their genomes. Overlapping genes (OLGs) are common in viruses and have been associated with pandemics but are still widely overlooked. We identify and characterize ORF3d, a novel OLG in SARS-CoV-2 that is also present in Guangxi pangolin-CoVs but not other closely related pangolin-CoVs or bat-CoVs. We then document evidence of ORF3d translation, characterize its protein sequence, and conduct an evolutionary analysis at three levels: between taxa (21 members of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus), between human hosts (3978 SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences), and within human hosts (401 deeply sequenced SARS-CoV-2 samples). ORF3d has been independently identified and shown to elicit a strong antibody response in COVID-19 patients. However, it has been misclassified as the unrelated gene ORF3b, leading to confusion. Our results liken ORF3d to other accessory genes in emerging viruses and highlight the importance of OLGs.
Chase W Nelson; Zachary Ardern; Tony L Goldberg; Chen Meng; Chen-Hao Kuo; Christina Ludwig; Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis; Xinzhu Wei. Dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. eLife 2020, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleChase W Nelson, Zachary Ardern, Tony L Goldberg, Chen Meng, Chen-Hao Kuo, Christina Ludwig, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Xinzhu Wei. Dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. eLife. 2020; 9 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChase W Nelson; Zachary Ardern; Tony L Goldberg; Chen Meng; Chen-Hao Kuo; Christina Ludwig; Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis; Xinzhu Wei. 2020. "Dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic." eLife 9, no. : 1.
Energy investment in reproduction is predicted to trade off against other necessary physiological functions like immunity, but it is unclear to what extent this impacts fitness in long-lived species. Among mammals, female primates, and especially apes, exhibit extensive periods of investment in each offspring. During this time, energy diverted to gestation and lactation is hypothesized to incur short and long-term deficits in maternal immunity and lead to accelerated ageing. We examined the relationship between reproduction and immunity, as measured by faecal parasite counts, in wild female chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) of Kibale National Park, Uganda. While we observed higher parasite shedding (counts of eggs, cysts and larvae) in pregnant chimpanzees relative to cycling females, parasites rapidly decreased during early lactation, the most energetically taxing phase of the reproductive cycle. Additionally, while our results indicate that parasite shedding increases with age, females with higher fertility for their age had lower faecal parasite counts. Such findings support the hypothesis that the relatively conservative rate of female reproduction in chimpanzees may be protective against the negative effects of reproductive effort on health. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process’.
Sarah Renee Phillips; T. L. Goldberg; M. N. Muller; Z. P. Machanda; E. Otali; S. Friant; J. Carag; K. E. Langergraber; J. C. Mitani; E. E. Wroblewski; R. W. Wrangham; M. Emery Thompson. Faecal parasites increase with age but not reproductive effort in wild female chimpanzees. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2020, 375, 20190614 .
AMA StyleSarah Renee Phillips, T. L. Goldberg, M. N. Muller, Z. P. Machanda, E. Otali, S. Friant, J. Carag, K. E. Langergraber, J. C. Mitani, E. E. Wroblewski, R. W. Wrangham, M. Emery Thompson. Faecal parasites increase with age but not reproductive effort in wild female chimpanzees. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2020; 375 (1811):20190614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Renee Phillips; T. L. Goldberg; M. N. Muller; Z. P. Machanda; E. Otali; S. Friant; J. Carag; K. E. Langergraber; J. C. Mitani; E. E. Wroblewski; R. W. Wrangham; M. Emery Thompson. 2020. "Faecal parasites increase with age but not reproductive effort in wild female chimpanzees." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1811: 20190614.
In humans, senescence increases susceptibility to viral infection. However, comparative data on viral infection in free-living non-human primates—even in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos ( Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus )—are relatively scarce, thereby constraining an evolutionary understanding of age-related patterns of viral infection. We investigated a population of wild eastern chimpanzees ( P. t. schweinfurthii ), using metagenomics to characterize viromes (full viral communities) in the faeces of 42 sexually mature chimpanzees (22 males, 20 females) from the Kanyawara and Ngogo communities of Kibale National Park, Uganda. We identified 12 viruses from at least four viral families possessing genomes of both single-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA. Faecal viromes of both sexes varied with chimpanzee age, but viral richness increased with age only in males. This effect was largely due to three viruses, salivirus, porprismacovirus and chimpanzee stool-associated RNA virus (chisavirus), which occurred most frequently in samples from older males. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that selection on males for early-life reproduction compromises investment in somatic maintenance, which has delayed consequences for health later in life, in this case reflected in viral infection and/or shedding. Faecal viromes are therefore useful for studying processes related to the divergent reproductive strategies of males and females, ageing, and sex differences in longevity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
Jacob D. Negrey; Melissa Emery Thompson; Kevin E. Langergraber; Zarin P. Machanda; John C. Mitani; Martin N. Muller; Emily Otali; Leah A. Owens; Richard W. Wrangham; Tony L. Goldberg. Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2020, 375, 20190613 .
AMA StyleJacob D. Negrey, Melissa Emery Thompson, Kevin E. Langergraber, Zarin P. Machanda, John C. Mitani, Martin N. Muller, Emily Otali, Leah A. Owens, Richard W. Wrangham, Tony L. Goldberg. Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2020; 375 (1811):20190613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacob D. Negrey; Melissa Emery Thompson; Kevin E. Langergraber; Zarin P. Machanda; John C. Mitani; Martin N. Muller; Emily Otali; Leah A. Owens; Richard W. Wrangham; Tony L. Goldberg. 2020. "Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1811: 20190613.
Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are among the world’s most biodiverse but imperiled taxa. Recent unionid mass mortality events around the world threaten ecosystem services such as water filtration, nutrient cycling, habitat stabilization, and food web enhancement, but causes have remained elusive. To examine potential infectious causes of these declines, we studied mussels in Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA, where the endemic and once-predominant pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) has suffered precipitous declines since approximately 2016. Using metagenomics, we identified 17 novel viruses in Clinch River pheasantshells. However, only one virus, a novel densovirus (Parvoviridae; Densovirinae), was epidemiologically linked to morbidity. Clinch densovirus 1 was 11.2 times more likely to be found in cases (moribund mussels) than controls (apparently healthy mussels from the same or matched sites), and cases had 2.7 (log10) times higher viral loads than controls. Densoviruses cause lethal epidemic disease in invertebrates, including shrimp, cockroaches, crickets, moths, crayfish, and sea stars. Viral infection warrants consideration as a factor in unionid mass mortality events either as a direct cause, an indirect consequence of physiological compromise, or a factor interacting with other biological and ecological stressors to precipitate mortality.
Jordan C. Richard; Eric Leis; Christopher D. Dunn; Rose Agbalog; Diane Waller; Susan Knowles; Joel Putnam; Tony L. Goldberg. Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJordan C. Richard, Eric Leis, Christopher D. Dunn, Rose Agbalog, Diane Waller, Susan Knowles, Joel Putnam, Tony L. Goldberg. Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordan C. Richard; Eric Leis; Christopher D. Dunn; Rose Agbalog; Diane Waller; Susan Knowles; Joel Putnam; Tony L. Goldberg. 2020. "Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-10.
Hepatocystis is a genus of single-celled parasites infecting, amongst other hosts, monkeys, bats and squirrels. Although thought to have descended from malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.), Hepatocystis spp. are thought not to undergo replication in the blood–the part of the Plasmodium life cycle which causes the symptoms of malaria. Furthermore, Hepatocystis is transmitted by biting midges, not mosquitoes. Comparative genomics of Hepatocystis and Plasmodium species therefore presents an opportunity to better understand some of the most important aspects of malaria parasite biology. We were able to generate a draft genome for Hepatocystis sp. using DNA sequencing reads from the blood of a naturally infected red colobus monkey. We provide robust phylogenetic support for Hepatocystis sp. as a sister group to Plasmodium parasites infecting rodents. We show transcriptomic support for a lack of replication in the blood and genomic support for a complete loss of a family of genes involved in red blood cell invasion. Our analyses highlight the rapid evolution of genes involved in parasite vector stages, revealing genes that may be critical for interactions between malaria parasites and mosquitoes. Hepatocystis parasites are single-celled organisms, closely related to the Plasmodium species which cause malaria. But Hepatocystis are distinct–unlike Plasmodium they are thought not to replicate in the blood and cause little or no disease in their mammalian hosts. They are transmitted from one host to the next, not by mosquitoes, but by biting midges. In this study we generated a genome sequence for Hepatocystis–the first time this data has ever been produced and analysed for this species. We compared genome sequences of Hepatocystis and Plasmodium, confirming that Hepatocystis is descended from Plasmodium. We strengthened support for the absence of replication in the blood and, in line with this finding, discovered that genes involved in interaction with red blood cells have been lost in Hepatocystis. Our analyses revealed rapid evolution of genes which are active when the parasite is in the insect vector, highlighting those which might be important for understanding interaction between malaria parasites and mosquitoes. Hepatocystis has a fascinating evolutionary story and is a powerful comparator for understanding malaria parasite biology.
Eerik Aunin; Ulrike Böhme; Theo Sanderson; Noah D. Simons; Tony L. Goldberg; Nelson Ting; Colin A. Chapman; Chris I. Newbold; Matthew Berriman; Adam J. Reid. Genomic and transcriptomic evidence for descent from Plasmodium and loss of blood schizogony in Hepatocystis parasites from naturally infected red colobus monkeys. PLOS Pathogens 2020, 16, e1008717 .
AMA StyleEerik Aunin, Ulrike Böhme, Theo Sanderson, Noah D. Simons, Tony L. Goldberg, Nelson Ting, Colin A. Chapman, Chris I. Newbold, Matthew Berriman, Adam J. Reid. Genomic and transcriptomic evidence for descent from Plasmodium and loss of blood schizogony in Hepatocystis parasites from naturally infected red colobus monkeys. PLOS Pathogens. 2020; 16 (8):e1008717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEerik Aunin; Ulrike Böhme; Theo Sanderson; Noah D. Simons; Tony L. Goldberg; Nelson Ting; Colin A. Chapman; Chris I. Newbold; Matthew Berriman; Adam J. Reid. 2020. "Genomic and transcriptomic evidence for descent from Plasmodium and loss of blood schizogony in Hepatocystis parasites from naturally infected red colobus monkeys." PLOS Pathogens 16, no. 8: e1008717.
Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV; Reoviridae: Spinareovirinae) is an emerging bat-borne zoonotic virus that causes influenza-like illness (ILI). PRV has thus far been found only in Australia and Asia, where diverse old-world fruit bats (Pteropodidae) serve as hosts. In this study, we report the discovery of PRV in Africa, in an Angolan soft-furred fruit bat (Lissonycteris angolensis ruwenzorii) from Bundibugyo District, Uganda. Metagenomic characterization of a rectal swab yielded 10 dsRNA genome segments, revealing this virus to cluster within the known diversity of PRV variants detected in bats and humans in Southeast Asia. Phylogeographic analyses revealed a correlation between geographic distance and genetic divergence of PRVs globally, which suggests a geographic continuum of PRV diversity spanning Southeast Asia to sub-Saharan Africa. The discovery of PRV in an African bat dramatically expands the geographic range of this zoonotic virus and warrants further surveillance for PRVs outside of Southeast Asia.
Andrew J. Bennett; Tony L. Goldberg. Pteropine Orthoreovirus in an Angolan Soft-Furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis) in Uganda Dramatically Expands the Global Distribution of an Emerging Bat-Borne Respiratory Virus. Viruses 2020, 12, 740 .
AMA StyleAndrew J. Bennett, Tony L. Goldberg. Pteropine Orthoreovirus in an Angolan Soft-Furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis) in Uganda Dramatically Expands the Global Distribution of an Emerging Bat-Borne Respiratory Virus. Viruses. 2020; 12 (7):740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew J. Bennett; Tony L. Goldberg. 2020. "Pteropine Orthoreovirus in an Angolan Soft-Furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis) in Uganda Dramatically Expands the Global Distribution of an Emerging Bat-Borne Respiratory Virus." Viruses 12, no. 7: 740.