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Dr. Santa Olga Cacciola
University of Catania, Italy

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0 Bioremediation
0 Biotechnology
0 DNA Sequencing
0 Electrophoresis
0 Pathogens

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fungi
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phytopathology
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Electrophoresis
Plant Pathology
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Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Melampsoridium hiratsukanum is an alien rust fungus which has spread pervasively throughout several European countries following introduction into North Europe at the end of the 20th century. The authenticity of several records of the Melampsoridium species infecting alder (Alnus spp.) in the northern hemisphere is questionable, due to the misidentification and confusion that surround many of the older reports. Given this complicated taxonomic history, and since a M. hiratsukanum-like rust is strongly impacting Alnus incana stands in the Alps, probably affecting the bank protection role of this species along rivers, the unambiguous identification of this pathogen was a pressing epidemiological and ecological issue. In this study, field surveys, light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular characterization were put together in an attempt to solve the conundrum. Field monitoring data, LM and SEM analyses of key taxonomic traits (length of ostiolar cells of uredinium, uredinio-spore shape and size, spore echinulation, number and position of germ pores) and ITS-rDNA sequence-based identification, convergently and unambiguously connected the rust that is causing the current epidemic to the non-native M. hiratsukanum. We documented the completion of the M. hiratsukanum life cycle on its two taxonomically unrelated broadleaf/conifer hosts. This is the first report of M. hiratsukanum from naturally infected Larix decidua in Europe.

ACS Style

Salvatore Moricca; Alessandra Benigno; Claudia Maria Oliveira Longa; Santa Olga Cacciola; Giorgio Maresi. First Documentation of Life Cycle Completion of the Alien Rust Pathogen Melampsoridium hiratsukanum in the Eastern Alps Proves Its Successful Establishment in This Mountain Range. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 617 .

AMA Style

Salvatore Moricca, Alessandra Benigno, Claudia Maria Oliveira Longa, Santa Olga Cacciola, Giorgio Maresi. First Documentation of Life Cycle Completion of the Alien Rust Pathogen Melampsoridium hiratsukanum in the Eastern Alps Proves Its Successful Establishment in This Mountain Range. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (8):617.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salvatore Moricca; Alessandra Benigno; Claudia Maria Oliveira Longa; Santa Olga Cacciola; Giorgio Maresi. 2021. "First Documentation of Life Cycle Completion of the Alien Rust Pathogen Melampsoridium hiratsukanum in the Eastern Alps Proves Its Successful Establishment in This Mountain Range." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8: 617.

Original research article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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This study was aimed at testing the integrated use of a natural biostimulant based on seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) and plant (alfalfa and sugarcane) extracts and reduced dosages of the conventional synthetic fungicide Imazalil (IMZ) to manage postharvest rots of orange fruits. The following aspects were investigated: (i) the effectiveness of postharvest treatment with natural biostimulant alone or in mixture with IMZ at a reduced dose against green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum; (ii) the differential expression of defense genes in orange fruits treated with the natural biostimulant both alone and in combination with a reduced dose of IMZ; (iii) the persistence of the inhibitory activity of both biostimulant and the mixture biostimulant/IMZ against green mold; and (iv) the residue level of fungicide in citrus peel when applied alone or in combination with the biostimulant. Treatments with the chemical plant resistance-inducer potassium phosphite, alone or with a reduced dose of IMZ, were included for comparison. The mixture of natural biostimulant and IMZ at a low dose consistently reduced the incidence and severity of fruit green mold and induced a significant increase of the expression level of β-1,3-glucanase-, peroxidase (PEROX)-, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)-encoding genes in fruit peel, suggesting that the natural biostimulant elicits a long-lasting resistance of citrus fruits to infections by P. digitatum. Interestingly, the residual concentration of IMZ in fruits treated with the biostimulant/fungicide mixture was significantly lower than that of IMZ in fruits treated only with the fungicide at the same dose and by far below the threshold values set by the European Union. This study laid the foundations for (i) conceiving a practical and more eco-friendly alternative to the conventional postharvest management of green mold of citrus fruits, based almost exclusively on the use of synthetic fungicide IMZ, alone or mixed with potassium phosphite and (ii) providing a better insight into the mechanisms of disease resistance induction by biostimulants.

ACS Style

Federico La Spada; Francesco Aloi; Maurizio Coniglione; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. Natural Biostimulants Elicit Plant Immune System in an Integrated Management Strategy of the Postharvest Green Mold of Orange Fruits Incited by Penicillium digitatum. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Federico La Spada, Francesco Aloi, Maurizio Coniglione, Antonella Pane, Santa Olga Cacciola. Natural Biostimulants Elicit Plant Immune System in an Integrated Management Strategy of the Postharvest Green Mold of Orange Fruits Incited by Penicillium digitatum. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 12 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico La Spada; Francesco Aloi; Maurizio Coniglione; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. 2021. "Natural Biostimulants Elicit Plant Immune System in an Integrated Management Strategy of the Postharvest Green Mold of Orange Fruits Incited by Penicillium digitatum." Frontiers in Plant Science 12, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Post-harvest fungal diseases of plant products are a serious concern leading to economic losses and health risks. Moreover, the use of synthetic chemical fungicides to prevent these diseases is limited due to toxic residues. This study aimed at determining the effective dose of extracts of Trichodermaasperellum IMI393899 (TE1) and Trichodermaatroviride TS (TE2) in inhibiting the contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi on different plant matrices. Extracts were tested on tomatoes contaminated by Fusariumverticillioides and Fusariumgraminearum, wheat contaminated by Penicilliumverrucosum and maize contaminated by Aspergillusflavus. The efficacy of extracts was evaluated at two time intervals after treatment, 4 and 11 days for tomato, and 10 and 20 days for both wheat and maize. Both extracts showed a significant inhibitory activity on mycotoxigenic pathogens and significantly reduced Log CFU/g compared to the control. Moreover, the extracts reduced mycotoxin production in a dose dependent manner and with a long-lasting effect. The ochratoxin A was reduced by both extracts but only the extract TE2 was effective in reducing aflatoxins, whereas TE1 treatment increased their synthesis.

ACS Style

Claudia Stracquadanio; Carlos Luz; Federico La Spada; Giuseppe Meca; Santa Cacciola. Inhibition of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Different Vegetable Matrices by Extracts of Trichoderma Species. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 445 .

AMA Style

Claudia Stracquadanio, Carlos Luz, Federico La Spada, Giuseppe Meca, Santa Cacciola. Inhibition of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Different Vegetable Matrices by Extracts of Trichoderma Species. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (6):445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Stracquadanio; Carlos Luz; Federico La Spada; Giuseppe Meca; Santa Cacciola. 2021. "Inhibition of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Different Vegetable Matrices by Extracts of Trichoderma Species." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 445.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Plants
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The walnut twig beetle Pityophthorus juglandis is a phloem-boring bark beetle responsible, in association with the ascomycete Geosmithia morbida, for the Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of walnut trees. The recent finding of TCD in Europe prompted the development of effective diagnostic protocols for the early detection of members of this insect/fungus complex. Here we report the development of a highly efficient, low-cost, and rapid method for detecting the beetle, or even just its biological traces, from environmental samples: the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. The method, designed on the 28S ribosomal RNA gene, showed high specificity and sensitivity, with no cross reactivity to other bark beetles and wood-boring insects. The test was successful even with very small amounts of the target insect’s nucleic acid, with limit values of 0.64 pg/µL and 3.2 pg/µL for WTB adults and frass, respectively. A comparison of the method (both in real time and visual) with conventional PCR did not display significant differences in terms of LoD. This LAMP protocol will enable quick, low-cost, and early detection of P. juglandis in areas with new infestations and for phytosanitary inspections at vulnerable sites (e.g., seaports, airports, loading stations, storage facilities, and wood processing companies).

ACS Style

Domenico Rizzo; Salvatore Moricca; Matteo Bracalini; Alessandra Benigno; Umberto Bernardo; Nicola Luchi; Daniele Da Lio; Francesco Nugnes; Giovanni Cappellini; Chiara Salemi; Santa Cacciola; Tiziana Panzavolta. Rapid Detection of Pityophthorus juglandis (Blackman) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method. Plants 2021, 10, 1048 .

AMA Style

Domenico Rizzo, Salvatore Moricca, Matteo Bracalini, Alessandra Benigno, Umberto Bernardo, Nicola Luchi, Daniele Da Lio, Francesco Nugnes, Giovanni Cappellini, Chiara Salemi, Santa Cacciola, Tiziana Panzavolta. Rapid Detection of Pityophthorus juglandis (Blackman) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method. Plants. 2021; 10 (6):1048.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Rizzo; Salvatore Moricca; Matteo Bracalini; Alessandra Benigno; Umberto Bernardo; Nicola Luchi; Daniele Da Lio; Francesco Nugnes; Giovanni Cappellini; Chiara Salemi; Santa Cacciola; Tiziana Panzavolta. 2021. "Rapid Detection of Pityophthorus juglandis (Blackman) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method." Plants 10, no. 6: 1048.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Neofusicoccum parvum, in the family Botryosphaeriaceae, was identified as the causal agent of bot gummosis of lemon (Citrus × limon) trees, in the two major lemon-producing regions in Italy. Gummy cankers on trunk and scaffold branches of mature trees were the most typical disease symptoms. Neofusicoccum parvum was the sole fungus constantly and consistently isolated from the canker bark of symptomatic lemon trees. It was identified on the basis of morphological characters and the phylogenetic analysis of three loci, i.e., the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) as well as the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. The pathogenicity of N. parvum was demonstrated by wound inoculating two lemon cultivars, ‘Femminello 2kr’ and ‘Monachello’, as well as citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) ‘Carrizo’ rootstock. In artificial inoculations, the fungus was very aggressive on lemons and weakly virulent on citrange, consistently with symptoms observed in the field as a consequence of natural infections. This is the first report of N. parvum, both in a wide and in a strict taxonomic sense, as a pathogen of lemon in Italy.

ACS Style

Francesco Aloi; Mario Riolo; Rossana Parlascino; Antonella Pane; Santa Cacciola. Bot Gummosis of Lemon (Citrus × limon) Caused by Neofusicoccum parvum. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 294 .

AMA Style

Francesco Aloi, Mario Riolo, Rossana Parlascino, Antonella Pane, Santa Cacciola. Bot Gummosis of Lemon (Citrus × limon) Caused by Neofusicoccum parvum. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (4):294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Aloi; Mario Riolo; Rossana Parlascino; Antonella Pane; Santa Cacciola. 2021. "Bot Gummosis of Lemon (Citrus × limon) Caused by Neofusicoccum parvum." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4: 294.

Research article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Plant Disease
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Green and blue molds are the most important postharvest diseases affecting citrus in storage. These diseases are commonly controlled with fungicides, but legislative restrictions, consumer concerns, and the development of resistant strains of the pathogens have increasingly led to the search for alternative methods of control. A pomegranate peel extract (PGE) was very effective in controlling Valencia orange and clementine postharvest rot under commercial conditions. After cold storage and 7 days of shelf life, the incidence of decay on oranges sprayed before harvest with PGE at 12, 6, and 3 g/liter was reduced by 78.9, 76.0, and 64.6%, respectively. Similarly, postharvest dipping treatments with PGE reduced rot by 90.2, 84.3, and 77.6%, respectively. Comparable levels of protection were also achieved on clementines. On both oranges and clementines, the extract provided a significantly higher level of protection compared with imazalil, a fungicide commonly used for postharvest treatments. The high level of efficacy and the consistent results on different fruit species (clementines and oranges) and with different application methods (preharvest and postharvest) were evidence of reliability and flexibility. PGE also showed a strong antimicrobial activity against fungi and bacteria, suggesting its possible use in sanitizers to reduce the microbial contamination of recirculated water in packinghouses. The results of the present study encourage the integration of conventional chemical fungicides and sanitizers with PGE to control citrus postharvest rot.

ACS Style

Sonia Pangallo; Maria Giulia Li Destri Nicosia; Silvia Scibetta; Maria Concetta Strano; Santa Olga Cacciola; Imen Belgacem; Giovanni Enrico Agosteo; Leonardo Schena. Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of a Pomegranate Peel Extract to Control Citrus Fruit Decay During Storage and Shelf Life. Plant Disease 2021, 105, 1013 -1018.

AMA Style

Sonia Pangallo, Maria Giulia Li Destri Nicosia, Silvia Scibetta, Maria Concetta Strano, Santa Olga Cacciola, Imen Belgacem, Giovanni Enrico Agosteo, Leonardo Schena. Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of a Pomegranate Peel Extract to Control Citrus Fruit Decay During Storage and Shelf Life. Plant Disease. 2021; 105 (4):1013-1018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sonia Pangallo; Maria Giulia Li Destri Nicosia; Silvia Scibetta; Maria Concetta Strano; Santa Olga Cacciola; Imen Belgacem; Giovanni Enrico Agosteo; Leonardo Schena. 2021. "Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of a Pomegranate Peel Extract to Control Citrus Fruit Decay During Storage and Shelf Life." Plant Disease 105, no. 4: 1013-1018.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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This study was aimed at identifying Alternaria species associated with heart rot disease of pomegranate fruit in southern Italy and characterizing their mycotoxigenic profile. A total of 42 Alternaria isolates were characterized. They were obtained from pomegranate fruits with symptoms of heart rot sampled in Apulia and Sicily and grouped into six distinct morphotypes based on macro- and microscopic features. According to multigene phylogenetic analysis, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a SCAR marker (OPA10-2), 38 isolates of morphotypes 1 to 5 were identified as Alternaria alternata, while isolates of morphotype 6, all from Sicily, clustered within the Alternaria arborescens species complex. In particular, isolates of morphotype 1, the most numerous, clustered with the ex-type isolate of A. alternata, proving to belong to A. alternata. No difference in pathogenicity on pomegranate fruits was found between isolates of A. alternata and A. arborescens and among A. alternata isolates of different morphotypes. The toxigenic profile of isolates varied greatly: in vitro, all 42 isolates produced tenuazonic acid and most of them other mycotoxins, including alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and tentoxin.

ACS Style

Francesco Aloi; Mario Riolo; Simona Sanzani; Annamaria Mincuzzi; Antonio Ippolito; Ilenia Siciliano; Antonella Pane; Maria Gullino; Santa Cacciola. Characterization of Alternaria Species Associated with Heart Rot of Pomegranate Fruit. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 172 .

AMA Style

Francesco Aloi, Mario Riolo, Simona Sanzani, Annamaria Mincuzzi, Antonio Ippolito, Ilenia Siciliano, Antonella Pane, Maria Gullino, Santa Cacciola. Characterization of Alternaria Species Associated with Heart Rot of Pomegranate Fruit. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (3):172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Aloi; Mario Riolo; Simona Sanzani; Annamaria Mincuzzi; Antonio Ippolito; Ilenia Siciliano; Antonella Pane; Maria Gullino; Santa Cacciola. 2021. "Characterization of Alternaria Species Associated with Heart Rot of Pomegranate Fruit." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3: 172.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2021 in Cells
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(1) Background: This study was aimed at identifying the Colletotrichum species associated with twig and shoot dieback of citrus, a new syndrome occurring in the Mediterranean region and also reported as emerging in California. (2) Methods: Overall, 119 Colletotrichum isolates were characterized. They were recovered from symptomatic trees of sweet orange, mandarin and mandarin-like fruits during a survey of citrus groves in Albania and Sicily (southern Italy). (3) Results: The isolates were grouped into two distinct morphotypes. The grouping of isolates was supported by phylogenetic sequence analysis of two genetic markers, the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA (ITS) and β-tubulin (TUB2). The groups were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. karstii, respectively. The former accounted for more than 91% of isolates, while the latter was retrieved only occasionally in Sicily. Both species induced symptoms on artificially wound inoculated twigs. C. gloeosporioides was more aggressive than of C. karstii. Winds and prolonged drought were the factor predisposing to Colletotrichum twig and shoot dieback. (4) Conclusions: This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii as causal agents of twig and shoot dieback disease in the Mediterranean region and the first report of C. gloeosporioides as a citrus pathogen in Albania.

ACS Style

Mario Riolo; Francesco Aloi; Antonella Pane; Magdalena Cara; Santa Cacciola. Twig and Shoot Dieback of Citrus, a New Disease Caused by Colletotrichum Species. Cells 2021, 10, 449 .

AMA Style

Mario Riolo, Francesco Aloi, Antonella Pane, Magdalena Cara, Santa Cacciola. Twig and Shoot Dieback of Citrus, a New Disease Caused by Colletotrichum Species. Cells. 2021; 10 (2):449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Riolo; Francesco Aloi; Antonella Pane; Magdalena Cara; Santa Cacciola. 2021. "Twig and Shoot Dieback of Citrus, a New Disease Caused by Colletotrichum Species." Cells 10, no. 2: 449.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Plants
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In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

ACS Style

Gaetano Bentivenga; Alfio Spina; Karim Ammar; Maria Allegra; Santa Olga Cacciola. Screening of Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum. Plants 2020, 10, 68 .

AMA Style

Gaetano Bentivenga, Alfio Spina, Karim Ammar, Maria Allegra, Santa Olga Cacciola. Screening of Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum. Plants. 2020; 10 (1):68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Bentivenga; Alfio Spina; Karim Ammar; Maria Allegra; Santa Olga Cacciola. 2020. "Screening of Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum." Plants 10, no. 1: 68.

Original research article
Published: 04 November 2020 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Decoding the mechanisms of plant defense against plant pathogens in a scenario where antagonistic activity and the plant growth-promoting effects of useful organisms intervene simultaneously is a new frontier of plant pathology. Here, we demonstrated that (i) two selected strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma atroviride promoted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and reduced the severity of disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora nicotianae and (ii) the genetic patterns of the components of the experimental model system tomato–Trichoderma spp.–P. nicotianae were differentially expressed. The beneficial effects in both the promotion of the growth of host plant and the biological control of the pathogen by two selected strains of different Trichoderma species were tested both in planta and in vitro. In both respects, T. atroviride demonstrated to be more effective than T. asperellum. Additionally, the simultaneous transcriptional reprogramming of several plant defense-related genes, pathogen effectors, and mycoparasitism-related genes in tomato, P. nicotianae, and Trichoderma spp., respectively, was evaluated during the three-component interaction. Results support the hypothesis that Trichoderma spp. elicit the expression of plant defense-related genes. As expected, a mycoparasitism-related gene was significantly up-regulated in Trichoderma-colonizing tomato plants infected by P. nicotianae. Finally, a marked up-regulation of the genes encoding two necrosis-inducing effectors was observed in P. nicotianae infecting tomato plants colonized by Trichoderma. In conclusion, this study is a contribution toward understanding the genetic pathways related with the ability of Trichoderma spp. to counteract the challenge of P. nicotianae infections on tomato. Additionally, the experiments revealed the beneficial effects in the tomato growth promotion of a new T. atroviride strain and its good antagonistic effectiveness in the biological control of root and crown rot incited by P. nicotianae, confirming that Trichoderma spp. can be a powerful tool in integrated pest management strategies of Phytophthora diseases of horticultural crops.

ACS Style

Federico La Spada; Claudia Stracquadanio; Mario Riolo; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. Trichoderma Counteracts the Challenge of Phytophthora nicotianae Infections on Tomato by Modulating Plant Defense Mechanisms and the Expression of Crinkler, Necrosis-Inducing Phytophthora Protein 1, and Cellulose-Binding Elicitor Lectin Pathogenic Effectors. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Federico La Spada, Claudia Stracquadanio, Mario Riolo, Antonella Pane, Santa Olga Cacciola. Trichoderma Counteracts the Challenge of Phytophthora nicotianae Infections on Tomato by Modulating Plant Defense Mechanisms and the Expression of Crinkler, Necrosis-Inducing Phytophthora Protein 1, and Cellulose-Binding Elicitor Lectin Pathogenic Effectors. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico La Spada; Claudia Stracquadanio; Mario Riolo; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. 2020. "Trichoderma Counteracts the Challenge of Phytophthora nicotianae Infections on Tomato by Modulating Plant Defense Mechanisms and the Expression of Crinkler, Necrosis-Inducing Phytophthora Protein 1, and Cellulose-Binding Elicitor Lectin Pathogenic Effectors." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Journal of Fungi
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Trichoderma spp. are known as biocontrol agents of fungal plant pathogens and have been recognized as a potential source of bioactive metabolites. The production of antimicrobial substances from strains T. atroviride (TS) and T. asperellum (IMI 393899) was investigated. The bioactivity of 10- and 30-day culture filtrate extracted with ethyl acetate was assessed against a set of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The 30-day extracts of both strains had significant cytotoxic effects against the tested pathogens, with values of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging between 0.19 and 6.25 mg/mL. Dual culture assay (direct contact and nondirect contact) and the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) was calculated. The highest PIRG values were 76% and 81% (direct contact) with IMI 393899 and TS, respectively. Nondirect contact does not show inhibition on any of pathogens tested, indicating that the inhibition is not due to the secretion of volatile substances. Culture filtrates were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS for the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nonvolatile organic compounds (nVOCs), respectively. Seven classes of VOCs and 12 molecules of nVOCs were identified. These results indicate that these strains of Trichoderma had antimicrobial activities and they are potential natural sources of compounds with biological activity.

ACS Style

Claudia Stracquadanio; Juan Manuel Quiles; Giuseppe Meca; Santa Olga Cacciola. Antifungal Activity of Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Trichodermaasperellum and Trichodermaatroviride in Liquid Medium. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 263 .

AMA Style

Claudia Stracquadanio, Juan Manuel Quiles, Giuseppe Meca, Santa Olga Cacciola. Antifungal Activity of Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Trichodermaasperellum and Trichodermaatroviride in Liquid Medium. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Stracquadanio; Juan Manuel Quiles; Giuseppe Meca; Santa Olga Cacciola. 2020. "Antifungal Activity of Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Trichodermaasperellum and Trichodermaatroviride in Liquid Medium." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 263.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Forests
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Research Highlights: Protected natural areas are a reservoir of Phytophthora species and represent the most suitable sites to study their ecology, being less disturbed by human activities than other environments. Background and Objectives: The specific objective of this study was to correlate the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora species with the vegetation in aquatic, riparian and terrestrial habitats within a protected area in Eastern Sicily, Southern Italy. Materials and Methods: Environmental samples (water and soil) were sourced from two streams running through the reserve and six different types of vegetation, including Platano-Salicetum pedicellatae, the Sarcopoterium spinosum community, Myrto communis-Pistacietum lentisci, Pistacio-Quercetum ilicis,Oleo-Quercetum virgilianae and a gallery forest dominated by Nerium oleander (Natura 2000 classification of habitats). Phytophthora species were recovered from samples using leaf baiting and were classified on the basis of morphological characteristics and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Results: As many as 11 Phytophthora species, within five different ITS clades, were identified, including P. asparagi, P. bilorbang, P. cryptogea, P. gonapodyides, P. lacustris, P. multivora, P. nicotianae, P. oleae, P. parvispora, P. plurivora and P. syringae. No Phytophthora species were found in the Sarcopoterium spinosum comm. Phytophthora asparagi, P. lacustris and P. plurivora were the prevalent species in the other five plant communities, but only P. plurivora was present in all of them. Overall aquatic species from clade 6 (100 out of 228 isolates) were the most common; they were recovered from all five types of vegetation, streams and riparian habitats. Phytophthora populations found in the Platano-Salicetum pedicellatae and Oleo-Quercetum virgilianae show the highest diversity, while no correlation was found with the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. Conclusions: The vegetation type and the aquatic or terrestrial habitat were identified as major environmental factors correlated with the diversity of Phytophthora communities in this reserve.

ACS Style

Mario Riolo; Francesco Aloi; Federico La Spada; Saverio Sciandrello; Salvatore Moricca; Elena Santilli; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. Diversity of Phytophthora Communities across Different Types of Mediterranean Vegetation in a Nature Reserve Area. Forests 2020, 11, 853 .

AMA Style

Mario Riolo, Francesco Aloi, Federico La Spada, Saverio Sciandrello, Salvatore Moricca, Elena Santilli, Antonella Pane, Santa Olga Cacciola. Diversity of Phytophthora Communities across Different Types of Mediterranean Vegetation in a Nature Reserve Area. Forests. 2020; 11 (8):853.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Riolo; Francesco Aloi; Federico La Spada; Saverio Sciandrello; Salvatore Moricca; Elena Santilli; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. 2020. "Diversity of Phytophthora Communities across Different Types of Mediterranean Vegetation in a Nature Reserve Area." Forests 11, no. 8: 853.

Research article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Plant Disease
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Thin-skinned banana “Lady finger”, a diploid hybrid (AA) of Musa acuminata, is grown for its edible fruits and as an ornamental. In April 2019, in an open-air market in Catania (southern Italy), 42% of fruits in a stock of 2,000 pounds of this banana cultivar showed numerous small dark circular spots and dark brown to black, sunken lesions, lenticular in shape; crown, finger-stalk and tip-end rot. The surface of lesions was covered with salmon-pink spore masses. The stock, originated from Costa Rica and was repacked in Italy using transparent plastic wrapping, each containing a hand of six fruits. A Fusarium species (71% of isolations) was recovered on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 100 µg/ml streptomycin and incubated at 27 ± 1°C for 5–7 days from 35 randomly sampled symptomatic fruits. A total of 71 isolates were obtained as pure cultures by single-spore isolations. On PDA, all isolates initially had white or light purple aerial mycelium that became violet with age and had an optimum growth of 27°C (7.6-12.3 mm/day). On CLA (carnation leaf agar), the cultures produced slender, slight falcate, 3 - 4 septate macroconidia with an acute apical cell (size ranges from 17.5 to 44.2 x 2.2 to 3.1 µm) and oval and slender microconidia arranged in false heads (size ranges from 5.1 to 14.0 x 1.7 to 3.8 μm). The conidiophores were mostly branched at one level. The β-tubulin (β-tub) and translation elongation factor 1 (tef1) genes of all isolates were amplified from gDNA using βt2α/βt2β (Glass and Donaldson, 1995) and EF1/EF2 (O'Donnell et al., 1998) primers, respectively. Pairwise alignments of β-tub and tef1 sequences of all isolates showed 325/325 bp (100%) and 613/615 bp (99.67%) similarity, respectively, with those of Fusarium sacchari in GenBank (Accession Nos. KU603910 and GU377296, respectively). Being all the same, only the sequences of isolate CBS 145949 were deposited in GenBank (MN255816 and MN255818, respectively). Based on morphological (Leslie, et al. 2005; Leslie and Summerell, 2006;) and molecular features, isolates were identified as F. sacchari (E.J. Butler) W. Gams. Pathogenicity of CBS 145949 was tested by inoculating 24 wounded and 24 unwounded ripe fruits of “Lady finger”, surface disinfected with 70% ethanol and rinsed with sterile distilled water. Unwounded fruits were inoculated with mycelium disks (Abd Murad et al., 2017), while control fruits were inoculated with sterile agar disks. For wound inoculations, 1-mm wound was made on the peel with a sterilized needle and a drop of 5 µL spore suspension (5 x 105 spores/mL) was placed on three distinct spots per fruit. Twelve control fruits were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Fruits were incubated in a humid chamber at 27°C. All wounded inoculated fruits showed rot symptoms as those observed in the market 7 days after inoculation. Control and unwounded inoculated fruits remained symptomless. F. sacchari was re-isolated solely from inoculated fruits. These results indicate F. sacchari is a wound parasite on banana fruits. The high incidence of fruit rot observed in this stock was probably due to improper post-harvest management and poor packaging. F. sacchari has been reported as pathogen of banana in several producing countries (Abd Murad et al., 2017; Maryiani et al., 2019); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of F. sacchari causing postharvest fruit rot disease on Musa acuminata “Lady Finger” worldwide and therefore, it needs to be properly managed to preserve marketability.

ACS Style

Mario Riolo; Francesco Aloi; Roberto Faedda; Santa Olga Cacciola; Antonella Pane. First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot Caused by Fusarium sacchari on Lady Finger Banana in Italy. Plant Disease 2020, 104, 2290 -2290.

AMA Style

Mario Riolo, Francesco Aloi, Roberto Faedda, Santa Olga Cacciola, Antonella Pane. First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot Caused by Fusarium sacchari on Lady Finger Banana in Italy. Plant Disease. 2020; 104 (8):2290-2290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Riolo; Francesco Aloi; Roberto Faedda; Santa Olga Cacciola; Antonella Pane. 2020. "First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot Caused by Fusarium sacchari on Lady Finger Banana in Italy." Plant Disease 104, no. 8: 2290-2290.

Brief report
Published: 30 June 2020 in Plants
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Leaf chlorosis, severe defoliation and wilt associated with root rot were observed on mature olive trees cv. Nera di Gonnos in an experimental orchard at Mirto Crosia (Calabria, southern Italy). An oomycete was consistently isolated from rotten roots of symptomatic olive trees. It was identified as Phytophthora bilorbang by morphological characters and sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Pathogenicity was verified by inoculating potted two-month-old rooted cuttings of Olea europaea var. Nera di Gonnos in a soil infestation trial. P. bilorbang was re-isolated from roots of symptomatic, artificially inoculated olive cuttings to fulfill Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of P. bilorbang on O. europaea L. and on a species of the Oleaceae family worldwide.

ACS Style

Elena Santilli; Mario Riolo; Federico La Spada; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. First Report of Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora bilorbang on Olea europaea in Italy. Plants 2020, 9, 826 .

AMA Style

Elena Santilli, Mario Riolo, Federico La Spada, Antonella Pane, Santa Olga Cacciola. First Report of Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora bilorbang on Olea europaea in Italy. Plants. 2020; 9 (7):826.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Santilli; Mario Riolo; Federico La Spada; Antonella Pane; Santa Olga Cacciola. 2020. "First Report of Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora bilorbang on Olea europaea in Italy." Plants 9, no. 7: 826.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2020 in Plants
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Black spot is a major foliar disease of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) present in a typical cultivation area of northern Italy, including the Liguria and southern Piedmont regions, where this aromatic herb is an economically important crop. In this study, 15 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from sweet basil plants with symptoms of black spot sampled in this area were characterized morphologically and by nuclear DNA analysis using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and intervening 5.8S nrDNA as well as part of the β-tubulin gene (TUB2) regions as barcode markers. Analysis revealed all but one isolate belonged to the recently described species C. ocimi of the C. destructivum species complex. Only one isolate was identified as C. destructivum sensu stricto (s.s.). In pathogenicity tests on sweet basil, both C. ocimi and C. destructivum s.s. isolates incited typical symptoms of black spot, showing that although C. ocimi prevails in this basil production area, it is not the sole causal agent of black spot in northern Italy. While no other hosts of C. ocimi are known worldwide, the close related species C. destructivum has a broad host range, suggesting a speciation process of C. ocimi within this species complex driven by adaptation to the host.

ACS Style

Santa Olga Cacciola; Giovanna Gilardi; Roberto Faedda; Leonardo Schena; Antonella Pane; Angelo Garibaldi; Maria Lodovica Gullino. Characterization of Colletotrichum ocimi Population Associated with Black Spot of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Northern Italy. Plants 2020, 9, 654 .

AMA Style

Santa Olga Cacciola, Giovanna Gilardi, Roberto Faedda, Leonardo Schena, Antonella Pane, Angelo Garibaldi, Maria Lodovica Gullino. Characterization of Colletotrichum ocimi Population Associated with Black Spot of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Northern Italy. Plants. 2020; 9 (5):654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santa Olga Cacciola; Giovanna Gilardi; Roberto Faedda; Leonardo Schena; Antonella Pane; Angelo Garibaldi; Maria Lodovica Gullino. 2020. "Characterization of Colletotrichum ocimi Population Associated with Black Spot of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Northern Italy." Plants 9, no. 5: 654.

Research article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Phytopathology®
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Olive leaf spot (OLS), caused by Venturia oleaginea, is one of the most common and serious diseases of olive trees in the Mediterranean region. Understanding the pathogen life cycle is important for the development of effective control strategies. Current knowledge is incomplete owing to a lack of effective detection methods. It is extremely difficult to culture V. oleaginea in vitro, so primers were designed to amplify and sequence the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the fungus directly from infected olive leaves. Sanger sequencing indicated a unique ITS region present in the European strains screened, confirming the appropriateness of the target region for developing a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing of the same region excluded the presence of other Venturia species in the olive phyllosphere. The qPCR assay proved very specific and sensitive, enabling the detection of approximately 26 copies of target DNA. The analysis of symptomless leaves during early stages of the epidemic from the end of winter through spring revealed a similar quantity of pathogen DNA regardless of the leaf growth stage. In contrast, the pathogen titer changed significantly during the season. Data indicated that leaf infections start earlier than expected over the season and very young leaves are as susceptible as adult leaves. These findings have important practical implications and suggest the need for improved scheduling of fungicide treatments. The qPCR assay represents a valuable tool providing quantitative results and enables detection of V. oleaginea in all olive organs, including those in which OLS cannot be studied using previously available methods.

ACS Style

Silvia Scibetta; Giovanni E. Agosteo; Ahmed Abdelfattah; Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia; Santa O. Cacciola; Leonardo Schena. Development and Application of a Quantitative PCR Detection Method to Quantify Venturia oleaginea in Asymptomatic Olive (Olea europaea) Leaves. Phytopathology® 2020, 110, 547 -555.

AMA Style

Silvia Scibetta, Giovanni E. Agosteo, Ahmed Abdelfattah, Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia, Santa O. Cacciola, Leonardo Schena. Development and Application of a Quantitative PCR Detection Method to Quantify Venturia oleaginea in Asymptomatic Olive (Olea europaea) Leaves. Phytopathology®. 2020; 110 (3):547-555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Scibetta; Giovanni E. Agosteo; Ahmed Abdelfattah; Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia; Santa O. Cacciola; Leonardo Schena. 2020. "Development and Application of a Quantitative PCR Detection Method to Quantify Venturia oleaginea in Asymptomatic Olive (Olea europaea) Leaves." Phytopathology® 110, no. 3: 547-555.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Toxins
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Six phytotoxins were obtained from the culture filtrates of the ascomycete Neofusicoccum batangarum, the causal agent of the scabby canker of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) in minor Sicily islands. The phytotoxins were identified as (−)-(R)-mellein (1); (±)-botryoisocoumarin A (2); (−)-(3R,4R)- and (−)-(3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein (3 and 4); (−)-terpestacin (5); and (+)-3,4-dihydro-4,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin, which we named (+)-neoisocoumarin (6). This identification was done by comparing their spectral and optical data with those already reported in literature. The absolute configuration (3R,4S) to (+)-neoisocoumarin (6) was determined using the advanced Mosher method. All six metabolites were shown to have phytotoxicity on the host (cactus pear) and non-host (tomato) plants, and the most active compounds were (±)-botryoisocoumarin A (2), (−)-terpestacin (5), and (+)-neoisocoumarin (6).

ACS Style

Marco Masi; Francesco Aloi; Paola Nocera; Santa Olga Cacciola; Giuseppe Surico; Antonio Evidente. Phytotoxic Metabolites Isolated from Neufusicoccum batangarum, the Causal Agent of the Scabby Canker of Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.). Toxins 2020, 12, 126 .

AMA Style

Marco Masi, Francesco Aloi, Paola Nocera, Santa Olga Cacciola, Giuseppe Surico, Antonio Evidente. Phytotoxic Metabolites Isolated from Neufusicoccum batangarum, the Causal Agent of the Scabby Canker of Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.). Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Masi; Francesco Aloi; Paola Nocera; Santa Olga Cacciola; Giuseppe Surico; Antonio Evidente. 2020. "Phytotoxic Metabolites Isolated from Neufusicoccum batangarum, the Causal Agent of the Scabby Canker of Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)." Toxins 12, no. 2: 126.

Review
Published: 18 December 2019 in Forests
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Pines are major components of native forests and plantations in Europe, where they have both economic significance and an important ecological role. Diseases of pines are mainly caused by fungal and oomycete pathogens, and can significantly reduce the survival, vigor, and yield of both individual trees and entire stands or plantations. Pine pitch canker (PPC), caused by Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), is among the most devastating pine diseases in the world, and is an example of an emergent invasive disease in Europe. The effects of microbial interactions on plant health, as well as the possible roles plant microbiomes may have in disease expression, have been the focus of several recent studies. Here, we describe the possible effects of co-infection with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes with F. circinatum on the health of pine seedlings and mature plants, in an attempt to expand our understanding of the role that biotic interactions may play in the future of PPC disease in European nurseries and forests. The available information on pine pathogens that are able to co-occur with F. circinatum in Europe is here reviewed and interpreted to theoretically predict the effects of such co-occurrences on pine survival, growth, and yield. Beside the awareness that F. circinatum may co-occurr on pines with other pathogens, an additional outcome from this review is an updating of the literature, including the so-called grey literature, to document the geographical distribution of the relevant pathogens and to facilitate differential diagnoses, particularly in nurseries, where some of them may cause symptoms similar to those induced by F. circinatum. An early and accurate diagnosis of F. circinatum, a pathogen that has been recently introduced and that is currently regulated in Europe, is essential to prevent its introduction and spread in plantings and forests.

ACS Style

Margarita Elvira-Recuenco; Santa Olga Cacciola; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Matteo Garbelotto; Jaime Aguayo; Alejandro Solla; Martin Mullett; Tiia Drenkhan; Funda Oskay; Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya; Eugenia Iturritxa; Michelle Cleary; Johanna Witzell; Margarita Georgieva; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Danut Chira; Marius Paraschiv; Dmitry L. Musolin; Andrey V. Selikhovkin; Elena Varentsova; Katarina Adamčíková; Svetlana Markovskaja; Nebai Mesanza; Kateryna Davydenko; Paolo Capretti; Bruno Scanu; Paolo Gonthier; Panaghiotis Tsopelas; Jorge Martín-García; Carmen Morales-Rodríguez; Asko Lehtijärvi; H. Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi; Tomasz Oszako; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Helena Bragança; Mercedes Fernández-Fernández; Jarkko Hantula; Julio J. Díez; Lehtijärvi. Potential Interactions between Invasive Fusarium circinatum and Other Pine Pathogens in Europe. Forests 2019, 11, 7 .

AMA Style

Margarita Elvira-Recuenco, Santa Olga Cacciola, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Matteo Garbelotto, Jaime Aguayo, Alejandro Solla, Martin Mullett, Tiia Drenkhan, Funda Oskay, Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya, Eugenia Iturritxa, Michelle Cleary, Johanna Witzell, Margarita Georgieva, Irena Papazova-Anakieva, Danut Chira, Marius Paraschiv, Dmitry L. Musolin, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Elena Varentsova, Katarina Adamčíková, Svetlana Markovskaja, Nebai Mesanza, Kateryna Davydenko, Paolo Capretti, Bruno Scanu, Paolo Gonthier, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, Jorge Martín-García, Carmen Morales-Rodríguez, Asko Lehtijärvi, H. Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi, Tomasz Oszako, Justyna Anna Nowakowska, Helena Bragança, Mercedes Fernández-Fernández, Jarkko Hantula, Julio J. Díez, Lehtijärvi. Potential Interactions between Invasive Fusarium circinatum and Other Pine Pathogens in Europe. Forests. 2019; 11 (1):7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margarita Elvira-Recuenco; Santa Olga Cacciola; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Matteo Garbelotto; Jaime Aguayo; Alejandro Solla; Martin Mullett; Tiia Drenkhan; Funda Oskay; Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya; Eugenia Iturritxa; Michelle Cleary; Johanna Witzell; Margarita Georgieva; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Danut Chira; Marius Paraschiv; Dmitry L. Musolin; Andrey V. Selikhovkin; Elena Varentsova; Katarina Adamčíková; Svetlana Markovskaja; Nebai Mesanza; Kateryna Davydenko; Paolo Capretti; Bruno Scanu; Paolo Gonthier; Panaghiotis Tsopelas; Jorge Martín-García; Carmen Morales-Rodríguez; Asko Lehtijärvi; H. Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi; Tomasz Oszako; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Helena Bragança; Mercedes Fernández-Fernández; Jarkko Hantula; Julio J. Díez; Lehtijärvi. 2019. "Potential Interactions between Invasive Fusarium circinatum and Other Pine Pathogens in Europe." Forests 11, no. 1: 7.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2019 in Plants
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A Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE) has been proposed as a natural antifungal substance with a wide range of activity against plant diseases. Previous studies showed that the extract has a direct antimicrobial activity and can elicit resistance responses in plant host tissues. In the present study, the transcriptomic response of orange fruit toward PGE treatments was evaluated. RNA-seq analyses, conducted on wounded fruits 0, 6, and 24 h after PGE applications, showed a significantly different transcriptome in treated oranges as compared to control samples. The majority (273) of the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly up-regulated compared to only 8 genes that were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed the involvement of 1233 gene ontology (GO) terms and 35 KEGG metabolic pathways. Among these, important defense pathways were induced and antibiotic biosynthesis was the most enriched one. These findings may explain the underlying preventive and curative activity of PGE against plant diseases.

ACS Style

Imen Belgacem; Sonia Pangallo; Ahmed Abdelfattah; Flora V. Romeo; Santa O. Cacciola; Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia; Gabriele Ballistreri; Leonardo Schena. Transcriptomic Analysis of Orange Fruit Treated with Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE). Plants 2019, 8, 101 .

AMA Style

Imen Belgacem, Sonia Pangallo, Ahmed Abdelfattah, Flora V. Romeo, Santa O. Cacciola, Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia, Gabriele Ballistreri, Leonardo Schena. Transcriptomic Analysis of Orange Fruit Treated with Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE). Plants. 2019; 8 (4):101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imen Belgacem; Sonia Pangallo; Ahmed Abdelfattah; Flora V. Romeo; Santa O. Cacciola; Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia; Gabriele Ballistreri; Leonardo Schena. 2019. "Transcriptomic Analysis of Orange Fruit Treated with Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE)." Plants 8, no. 4: 101.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2019 in Forests
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: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, diversity, and distribution of Phytophthora species in Protected Natural Areas (PNAs), including forest stands, rivers, and riparian ecosystems, in Sicily (Italy), and assessing correlations with natural vegetation and host plants. Fifteen forest stands and 14 rivers in 10 Sicilian PNAs were studied. Phytophthora isolations from soil and stream water were performed using leaf baitings. Isolates were identified using both morphological characters and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A rich community of 20 Phytophthora species from eight phylogenetic clades, including three new Phytophthora taxa, was recovered (17 species in rhizosphere soil from forest stands and 12 species in rivers). New knowledge about the distribution, host associations, and ecology of several Phytophthora species was provided.

ACS Style

Thomas Jung; Federico La Spada; Antonella Pane; Francesco Aloi; Maria Evoli; Marília Horta Jung; Bruno Scanu; Roberto Faedda; Cinzia Rizza; Ivana Puglisi; Gaetano Magnano Di San Lio; Leonardo Schena; Santa Olga Cacciola. Diversity and Distribution of Phytophthora Species in Protected Natural Areas in Sicily. Forests 2019, 10, 259 .

AMA Style

Thomas Jung, Federico La Spada, Antonella Pane, Francesco Aloi, Maria Evoli, Marília Horta Jung, Bruno Scanu, Roberto Faedda, Cinzia Rizza, Ivana Puglisi, Gaetano Magnano Di San Lio, Leonardo Schena, Santa Olga Cacciola. Diversity and Distribution of Phytophthora Species in Protected Natural Areas in Sicily. Forests. 2019; 10 (3):259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Jung; Federico La Spada; Antonella Pane; Francesco Aloi; Maria Evoli; Marília Horta Jung; Bruno Scanu; Roberto Faedda; Cinzia Rizza; Ivana Puglisi; Gaetano Magnano Di San Lio; Leonardo Schena; Santa Olga Cacciola. 2019. "Diversity and Distribution of Phytophthora Species in Protected Natural Areas in Sicily." Forests 10, no. 3: 259.