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The purpose of this study is to determine a valid strategy for implementing payment for the local forest ecosystem services (local forest PES) by considering citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) and the resource types utilized (taxes and donations). A total of 1000 citizens responded to an online survey, which consisted of questions related to respondents’ socio-demographics, predicting factors (i.e., political orientation, personal tie to the region) of their willingness to pay (WTP), and their willingness to pay for a bundle of 10 different forest ecosystem services (ESs) in the region of the Yeoninsan provincial park in Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The estimation of the respondents’ WTP for the promotion of the forest management activities, which enhances the ES bundle of the local forest, was 14,315–20,216 KRW (12.75–18.00 USD) per year in taxes and 12,258–26,518 KRW (10.92–23.61 USD) per year in donations. This study also revealed that the predicting factors influencing the respondents’ WTP for the promotion of the local forest ESs differed according to the financial resource type (taxes and donations). The results of this study are meaningful in that they can be used as empirical basic data in estimating payments and preparing measures to secure financial resources when designing payments for the ecosystem services for the local forest.
Jang-Hwan Jo; Chang-Bae Lee; Hye-Jung Cho; Jukwan Lee. Estimation of Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for the Implementation of Payment for Local Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Taxes and Donations. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6186 .
AMA StyleJang-Hwan Jo, Chang-Bae Lee, Hye-Jung Cho, Jukwan Lee. Estimation of Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for the Implementation of Payment for Local Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Taxes and Donations. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang-Hwan Jo; Chang-Bae Lee; Hye-Jung Cho; Jukwan Lee. 2021. "Estimation of Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for the Implementation of Payment for Local Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Taxes and Donations." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6186.
This study is aimed to compare the strengths and weaknesses of three approaches—analytic hierarchy process analysis, sentiment analysis, and floating population analysis—in estimating the social demands for local forest ecosystem services (ES) in South Korea: Gariwangsan and Yeoninsan. The results were as follows: First, the survey respondents of Gariwangsan and Yeoninsan believed that the cultural ES category was the most fundamental one that should be maintained, whereas they thought the supporting ES category needed the least maintenance. Second, both forests had a high frequency of sentiment words related to the cultural ES category, followed by the regulating ES category, such as air and water quality improvement. Third, the spatiotemporal distribution of the floating populations in both forests was concentrated in their valleys and mountainous areas, indicating the finer-scale demands for the cultural and regulating ES category. Fourth, the research shows the areas that are high in demand and those that are not; this result helps forest management. In conclusion, none of the three methodologies was superior to the other two, as they each captured distinct ES demands. To investigate ES demands in a multifaceted way, we suggest applying the three approaches in tandem.
Jang-Hwan Jo; Moongi Choi; Chang-Bae Lee; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Oh Kim. Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses of Three Approaches in Estimating Social Demands for Local Forest Ecosystem Services in South Korea. Forests 2021, 12, 497 .
AMA StyleJang-Hwan Jo, Moongi Choi, Chang-Bae Lee, Kyeong-Hak Lee, Oh Kim. Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses of Three Approaches in Estimating Social Demands for Local Forest Ecosystem Services in South Korea. Forests. 2021; 12 (4):497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang-Hwan Jo; Moongi Choi; Chang-Bae Lee; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Oh Kim. 2021. "Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses of Three Approaches in Estimating Social Demands for Local Forest Ecosystem Services in South Korea." Forests 12, no. 4: 497.
This study aims to identify factors and paths affecting payment for forest ecosystem service based on evidence from the voluntary forest carbon market in South Korea. The study was built based on the theory of planned behavior and institutional theory. The survey was conducted to 24 private forest owners, 21 workers of local governments, 9 of public institutes, and 6 of private companies. Partial least squares structural equation model was applied to verify the hypothetical structural model displaying the effects among the constructs of subjects’ recognition, intention, and behavior in participating in the forest carbon offset project. Results showed that raising awareness of forest carbon offset (FCO) is essential for revitalizing the forest carbon market. In addition, it was found that forest managers’ expectations for FCO were practical operations. Moreover, with the presence of intent to participate in the FCO, the FCO market could be revitalized only by increasing the intention of use in the management aspect and by increasing the commitment of the owner and CEO to this project. The detailed theoretical and managerial implications based on the findings are discussed in the paper.
Jang-Hwan Jo; Taewoo Roh; Jongmin Hwang; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Changbae Lee. Factors and Paths Affecting Payment for Forest Ecosystem Service: Evidence from Voluntary Forest Carbon Market in South Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7009 .
AMA StyleJang-Hwan Jo, Taewoo Roh, Jongmin Hwang, Kyeong-Hak Lee, Changbae Lee. Factors and Paths Affecting Payment for Forest Ecosystem Service: Evidence from Voluntary Forest Carbon Market in South Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):7009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang-Hwan Jo; Taewoo Roh; Jongmin Hwang; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Changbae Lee. 2020. "Factors and Paths Affecting Payment for Forest Ecosystem Service: Evidence from Voluntary Forest Carbon Market in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 7009.
Due to global interest in the improvement of national income and quality of life, eco-labeled food (ELF) for sustainable consumption and personal healthcare has been increasing. This study aims to contribute to two research streams by examining the quality of ELF in forests (ELFF). First, this study intends to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of ELFF producers for the certification verified by the government-supported institution and investigate the difference in certification costs between the actual certificating authority and ELFF producers. Second, this study aims to figure out the perception mechanism of how consumers who would like to purchase ELFFs recognize the effect of enhanced certification. These efforts may contribute to the research on how to raise interest in the production of ELF-related products and sustainable consumption. To achieve the purpose of this study, we adopted contingent valuation methods (CVM) to measure WTPs using interview-based surveys with 40 ELF producers and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to examine the effect of certification with 112 consumers who experienced ELF consumption. Results of this study provide theoretical and practical implications by looking at the relationship between ELF certification and sustainable consumption from a stakeholder's perspective. This study intends to expand the research field of ELF from agriculture to forestry products. It provides a basis for providing practical implications for policymakers who propose sustainable consumption.
Jang-Hwan Jo; Ji Yeon Yang; Taewoo Roh. Willingness to Pay for Eco-Labeled Food in Forests: Integrated View from South Korea. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6534 .
AMA StyleJang-Hwan Jo, Ji Yeon Yang, Taewoo Roh. Willingness to Pay for Eco-Labeled Food in Forests: Integrated View from South Korea. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang-Hwan Jo; Ji Yeon Yang; Taewoo Roh. 2019. "Willingness to Pay for Eco-Labeled Food in Forests: Integrated View from South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6534.
This study aims to identify the factors determining the forestry household income in South Korea. An empirical analysis was conducted on the Korea Forest Service’s 3-year-panel data. Korea Forest Service is an institution responsible for the sustainable management of South Korea’s forest lands. In the study, the hypothesized factors determining the forestry household income are classified into four types of assets and three types of livelihood strategies. The forestry household income (FHI) is divided into three elements: forestry income (FI), non-forestry income (NFI), and transfer income (TI). The influence of household assets and livelihood strategies on each income were also assessed. A random effect model was used as a statistical analysis of the three-year data of 979 forestry households. Based on the analysis, we found that household head’s age, household head’s labor capacity, savings, business type, cultivated land size, and region are significantly associated with FHI. While FI was influenced by labor capacity, cultivated land size, business type, forestry business portfolio, and region, NFI was determined by household head’s age, household head’s gender, forestry business portfolio, and savings. TI was affected by household head’s age, household head’s education level, forestry business portfolio, savings, and region. The effect sizes and directions varied across different types of income (FHI, FI, NFI, and TI). The findings showed that South Korea forestry was highly dependent on sustainable assets and livelihood strategies. Based on our findings, we expect the effectiveness of forest policies in increasing the forestry household income would differ depending on the source of each income. The results of this study draw attention to the need for an income support policy which considers the characteristics of household assets and livelihood strategies in order to enhance FHI in South Korea.
Janghwan Jo; Taewoo Roh; Seunguk Shin; Yeo-Chang Youn. Sustainable Assets and Strategies Affecting the Forestry Household Income: Empirical Evidence from South Korea. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3680 .
AMA StyleJanghwan Jo, Taewoo Roh, Seunguk Shin, Yeo-Chang Youn. Sustainable Assets and Strategies Affecting the Forestry Household Income: Empirical Evidence from South Korea. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3680.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanghwan Jo; Taewoo Roh; Seunguk Shin; Yeo-Chang Youn. 2019. "Sustainable Assets and Strategies Affecting the Forestry Household Income: Empirical Evidence from South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3680.
Following the trend on focusing on a nation’s economic-growth, side effects such as resource exhaustion, environmental pollution, and social injustice have begun to appear. As a solution, eco-innovation has received a great amount of attention from European countries and as a result, many efforts to analyze the development of eco-innovation quantitatively have been made. This study aims to evaluate the validity of an eco-innovation index developed to support the sustainable development goal. For this purpose, four factors of eco-innovation—capacity, supportive environment, activity, and performance—were applied to three categories of the Triple-Bottom-Line (TBL) concept in sustainability to compare the eco-innovation development level of 49 Asia-Europe Meeting countries. Factors for eco-innovation and TBL at the country level were organized in quartile and compared to see strength and weaknesses for each nation. In order to test if eco-innovation factors of a nation adequately reflect its sustainability, we used various comparisons of ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows: First, the one-way ANOVA tests present the scores for capacity, supportive environment, and performance as grouped into four quartiles in the same pattern as their economic, social, and environmental scores. The three-way ANOVA tests showed significance for the economic category. Scores for capacity, supportive environment, activity and performance were significant at a nation’s economic level. Lastly, the MANOVA test revealed that TBL significantly explains four eco-innovation factors. In addition, the eco-innovation performance level of European nations and Asian nations were compared. The possibility that many nations still have room to be competitive in their eco-innovation efforts was identified. Nations with unbalanced eco-innovation growth are urged to implement new strategies to balance their growth. Therefore, this research contributes to extending research on eco-innovation.
Janghwan Jo; Tae Woo Roh; Seonghoon Kim; Yeo-Chang Youn; Mi Sun Park; Youn Yeo-Chang; Eun Kyung Jang. Eco-Innovation for Sustainability: Evidence from 49 Countries in Asia and Europe. Sustainability 2015, 7, 16820 -16835.
AMA StyleJanghwan Jo, Tae Woo Roh, Seonghoon Kim, Yeo-Chang Youn, Mi Sun Park, Youn Yeo-Chang, Eun Kyung Jang. Eco-Innovation for Sustainability: Evidence from 49 Countries in Asia and Europe. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (12):16820-16835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanghwan Jo; Tae Woo Roh; Seonghoon Kim; Yeo-Chang Youn; Mi Sun Park; Youn Yeo-Chang; Eun Kyung Jang. 2015. "Eco-Innovation for Sustainability: Evidence from 49 Countries in Asia and Europe." Sustainability 7, no. 12: 16820-16835.