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Bioplastics are gaining interest as an alternative to fossil-based plastics. In addition, biodegradable bioplastics may yield biogas after their use, giving an additional benefit. However, the biodegradability time in international norms (35 days) far exceeds processing times in anaerobic digestion facilities (21 days). As the bioplastic packaging does not indicate the actual biodegradability, it is important to understand the time required to biodegrade bioplastic if it ends up in the anaerobic digestion facility along with other organic waste. For this work, cellulose bioplastic film and polylactic acid (PLA) coffee capsules were digested anaerobically at 55 ℃ for 21 days and 35 days, which are the retention times for industrial digestors and as set by international norms, respectively. Different sizes of bioplastics were examined for this work. Bioplastic film produced more biogas than bioplastic coffee capsules. The biodegradability of bioplastic was calculated based on theoretical biogas production. With an increase in retention time, biogas production, as well as biodegradability of bioplastic, increased. The biodegradability was less than 50% at the end of 35 days for both bioplastics, suggesting that complete degradation was not achieved, and thus, the bioplastic would not be suitable for use in biogas digesters currently in use.
Ankita Shrestha; Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Bishnu Acharya. Biodegradation of Bioplastic Using Anaerobic Digestion at Retention Time as per Industrial Biogas Plant and International Norms. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4231 .
AMA StyleAnkita Shrestha, Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen, Bishnu Acharya. Biodegradation of Bioplastic Using Anaerobic Digestion at Retention Time as per Industrial Biogas Plant and International Norms. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnkita Shrestha; Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Bishnu Acharya. 2020. "Biodegradation of Bioplastic Using Anaerobic Digestion at Retention Time as per Industrial Biogas Plant and International Norms." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4231.
Bioelectrochemical power-to-gas (BEP2G) is considered a potentially convenient way of storing renewable surplus electricity in the form of methane. In methane-producing bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), carbon dioxide and electrical energy are converted into methane, using electrodes that supply either electrons or hydrogen to methanogenic archaea. This review summarizes the performance of methane-producing BESs in relation to cathode potential, electrode materials, operational strategies, and inoculum. Analysis and estimation of energy input and production rates show that BEP2G may become an attractive alternative for thermochemical methanation, and biochemical methanogenesis. To determine if BEP2G can become a future power-to-gas technology, challenges relating to cathodic energy losses, choice of a suitable electron donor, efficient reactor design/operation, and experience with large reactors need to be overcome
Florian Geppert; Dandan Liu; Mieke van Eerten-Jansen; Eckhard Weidner; Cees Buisman; Annemiek Ter Heijne. Bioelectrochemical Power-to-Gas: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Trends in Biotechnology 2016, 34, 879 -894.
AMA StyleFlorian Geppert, Dandan Liu, Mieke van Eerten-Jansen, Eckhard Weidner, Cees Buisman, Annemiek Ter Heijne. Bioelectrochemical Power-to-Gas: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Trends in Biotechnology. 2016; 34 (11):879-894.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Geppert; Dandan Liu; Mieke van Eerten-Jansen; Eckhard Weidner; Cees Buisman; Annemiek Ter Heijne. 2016. "Bioelectrochemical Power-to-Gas: State of the Art and Future Perspectives." Trends in Biotechnology 34, no. 11: 879-894.
BACKGROUND In a methane‐producing bioelectrochemical system (BES) microorganisms grow on an electrode and catalyse the conversion of CO2 and electricity into methane. Theoretically, methane can be produced bioelectrochemically from CO2 via direct electron transfer or indirectly via hydrogen, acetate or formate. Understanding the electron transfer mechanisms could give insight into methods to steer the process towards higher rate. RESULTS In this study, the electron transfer mechanisms of bioelectrochemical methane production by mixed cultures were investigated. At a cathode potential of −0.7 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), average current density was 2.9 A m−2 cathode and average methane production rate was 1.8 mole e− eq m−2 cathode per day (5.2 L CH4 m−2 cathode per day). Methane was primarily produced indirectly via hydrogen and acetate. Methods to steer towards bioelectrochemical hydrogen and acetate production to further improve the performance of a methane‐producing BES are discussed. CONCLUSION At cathode potentials equal to or lower than −0.7 V vs. NHE and using mixed cultures, methane was primarily produced indirectly via hydrogen and acetate. (Bio)electrochemical hydrogen and acetate production rate could be increased by optimizing the cathode design and by enriching the microbial community. Consequently, the production rate of CO2‐neutral methane in a BES could be increased. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Nina C. Jansen; Caroline M. Plugge; Vinnie De Wilde; Cees J. N. Buisman; Annemiek Ter Heijne. Analysis of the mechanisms of bioelectrochemical methane production by mixed cultures. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 2014, 90, 963 -970.
AMA StyleMieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen, Nina C. Jansen, Caroline M. Plugge, Vinnie De Wilde, Cees J. N. Buisman, Annemiek Ter Heijne. Analysis of the mechanisms of bioelectrochemical methane production by mixed cultures. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 2014; 90 (5):963-970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Nina C. Jansen; Caroline M. Plugge; Vinnie De Wilde; Cees J. N. Buisman; Annemiek Ter Heijne. 2014. "Analysis of the mechanisms of bioelectrochemical methane production by mixed cultures." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 90, no. 5: 963-970.
A methane-producing biocathode that converts CO2into methane was studied electrochemically and microbiologically. The biocathode produced methane at a maximum rate of 5.1 L CH4/m2projected cathode per day (1.6 A/m2) at −0.7 V versus NHE cathode potential and 3.0 L CH4/m2projected cathode per day (0.9 A/m2) at −0.6 V versus NHE cathode potential. The microbial community at the biocathode was dominated by three phylotypes of Archaea and six phylotypes of bacteria. The Archaeal phylotypes were most closely related toMethanobacterium palustreandMethanobacterium aarhusense. Besides methanogenic Archaea, bacteria seemed to be associated with methane production, producing hydrogen as an intermediate. Biomass density varied greatly with part of the carbon electrode covered with a dense biofilm, while only clusters of cells were found on other parts. Based on our results, we discuss how inoculum enrichment and changing operational conditions may help to increase biomass density and to select for microorganisms that produce methane.
Mieke C. A. A. Van Eerten-Jansen; Anna B. Veldhoen; Caroline M. Plugge; Alfons Stams; Cees J. N. Buisman; Annemiek Ter Heijne. Microbial Community Analysis of a Methane-Producing Biocathode in a Bioelectrochemical System. Archaea 2013, 2013, 1 -12.
AMA StyleMieke C. A. A. Van Eerten-Jansen, Anna B. Veldhoen, Caroline M. Plugge, Alfons Stams, Cees J. N. Buisman, Annemiek Ter Heijne. Microbial Community Analysis of a Methane-Producing Biocathode in a Bioelectrochemical System. Archaea. 2013; 2013 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMieke C. A. A. Van Eerten-Jansen; Anna B. Veldhoen; Caroline M. Plugge; Alfons Stams; Cees J. N. Buisman; Annemiek Ter Heijne. 2013. "Microbial Community Analysis of a Methane-Producing Biocathode in a Bioelectrochemical System." Archaea 2013, no. : 1-12.
Mieke C. A. A. Van Eerten-Jansen; Annemiek Ter Heijne; Tim I. M. Grootscholten; Kirsten J. J. Steinbusch; Tom H. J. A. Sleutels; Hubertus V. M. Hamelers; Cees J. N. Buisman. Correction to Bioelectrochemical Production of Caproate and Caprylate from Acetate by Mixed Cultures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2013, 1, 1069 -1069.
AMA StyleMieke C. A. A. Van Eerten-Jansen, Annemiek Ter Heijne, Tim I. M. Grootscholten, Kirsten J. J. Steinbusch, Tom H. J. A. Sleutels, Hubertus V. M. Hamelers, Cees J. N. Buisman. Correction to Bioelectrochemical Production of Caproate and Caprylate from Acetate by Mixed Cultures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2013; 1 (8):1069-1069.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMieke C. A. A. Van Eerten-Jansen; Annemiek Ter Heijne; Tim I. M. Grootscholten; Kirsten J. J. Steinbusch; Tom H. J. A. Sleutels; Hubertus V. M. Hamelers; Cees J. N. Buisman. 2013. "Correction to Bioelectrochemical Production of Caproate and Caprylate from Acetate by Mixed Cultures." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 8: 1069-1069.
The use of mixed cultures to convert waste biomass into medium chain fatty acids, precursors for renewable fuels or chemicals, is a promising route. To convert waste biomass into medium chain fatty acids, an external electron donor in the form of hydrogen or ethanol needs to be added. This study investigated whether the cathode of a bioelectrochemical system can be used as the electron donor for the conversion of acetate into medium chain fatty acids. We show that medium chain fatty acids were produced in a bioelectrochemical system at −0.9 V vs NHE cathode potential, without addition of an external mediator. Caproate, butyrate, and smaller fractions of caprylate were the main products formed from acetate. In-situ produced hydrogen was likely involved as an electron donor for the reduction of acetate. Electron and carbon balances revealed that 45% of the electrons in electric current and acetate, and 31% of the carbon from acetate were recovered in the formed products. This study showed for the first time production of medium chain fatty acids caproate and caprylate from acetate at the cathode of bioelectrochemical systems and offers new opportunities for application of bioelectrochemical systems.
Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Annemiek Ter Heijne; Tim I. M. Grootscholten; Kirsten J. J. Steinbusch; Tom Sleutels; Hubertus Hamelers; Cees J. N. Buisman. Bioelectrochemical Production of Caproate and Caprylate from Acetate by Mixed Cultures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2013, 1, 513 -518.
AMA StyleMieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen, Annemiek Ter Heijne, Tim I. M. Grootscholten, Kirsten J. J. Steinbusch, Tom Sleutels, Hubertus Hamelers, Cees J. N. Buisman. Bioelectrochemical Production of Caproate and Caprylate from Acetate by Mixed Cultures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2013; 1 (5):513-518.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Annemiek Ter Heijne; Tim I. M. Grootscholten; Kirsten J. J. Steinbusch; Tom Sleutels; Hubertus Hamelers; Cees J. N. Buisman. 2013. "Bioelectrochemical Production of Caproate and Caprylate from Acetate by Mixed Cultures." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 5: 513-518.
A methane‐producing microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is a technology to convert CO2 into methane, using electricity as an energy source and microorganisms as the catalyst. A methane‐producing MEC provides the possibility to increase the fuel yield per hectare of land area, when the CO2 produced in biofuel production processes is converted to additional fuel methane. Besides increasing fuel yield per hectare of land area, this also results in more efficient use of land area, water, and nutrients. In this research, the performance of a methane‐producing MEC was studied for 188 days in a flat‐plate MEC design. Methane production rate and energy efficiency of the methane‐producing MEC were investigated with time to elucidate the main bottlenecks limiting system performance. When using water as the electron donor at the anode during continuous operation, methane production rate was 0.006 m3/m3 per day at a cathode potential of −0.55 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode with a coulombic efficiency of 23.1%. External electrical energy input was 73.5 kWh/m3 methane, resulting in a voltage efficiency of 13.4%. Consequently, overall energy efficiency was 3.1%. The maximum achieved energy efficiency was obtained in a yield test and was 51.3%. Analysis of internal resistance showed that in the short term, cathode and anode losses were dominant, but with time, also pH gradient and transport losses became more important. The results obtained in this study are used to discuss the possible contribution of methane‐producing MECs to increase the fuel yield per hectare of land area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Annemiek Ter Heijne; Cees J. N. Buisman; Hubertus Hamelers. Microbial electrolysis cells for production of methane from CO2: long-term performance and perspectives. International Journal of Energy Research 2011, 36, 809 -819.
AMA StyleMieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen, Annemiek Ter Heijne, Cees J. N. Buisman, Hubertus Hamelers. Microbial electrolysis cells for production of methane from CO2: long-term performance and perspectives. International Journal of Energy Research. 2011; 36 (6):809-819.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Annemiek Ter Heijne; Cees J. N. Buisman; Hubertus Hamelers. 2011. "Microbial electrolysis cells for production of methane from CO2: long-term performance and perspectives." International Journal of Energy Research 36, no. 6: 809-819.
To establish general rules for setting up an enzyme microreactor system, we studied the effect of diffusion on enzyme activity in a microreactor. As a model system we used the hydrolysis of ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside by β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. We found that the Michaelis–Menten kinetic parameters were similar at the microscale and bench scale. With residence times below a few seconds, diffusion effects limited the reaction rate and therefore reduced the conversion per volume of enzyme microreactor. The critical residence time where diffusion limits the conversion increased quadratically with channel width, increased with enzyme concentration, and decreased with substrate concentration. These general rules can be used for choosing parameters when setting up an enzyme microreactor system. To use an enzyme microreactor efficiently, diffusion effects should be taken into account.
Jan W. Swarts; Ruben C. Kolfschoten; Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Anja E.M. Janssen; Remko M. Boom. Effect of diffusion on enzyme activity in a microreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal 2010, 162, 301 -306.
AMA StyleJan W. Swarts, Ruben C. Kolfschoten, Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen, Anja E.M. Janssen, Remko M. Boom. Effect of diffusion on enzyme activity in a microreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010; 162 (1):301-306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan W. Swarts; Ruben C. Kolfschoten; Mieke C. A. A. van Eerten-Jansen; Anja E.M. Janssen; Remko M. Boom. 2010. "Effect of diffusion on enzyme activity in a microreactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 162, no. 1: 301-306.