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Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

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Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The management of emergencies consists of a chain of actions with the support of staff, stuff, structure, and system, i.e., surge capacity. However, whenever the needs exceed the present resources, there should be flexibility in the system to employ other resources within communities, i.e., flexible surge capacity (FSC). This study aimed to investigate the possibility of creating alternative care facilities (ACFs) to relieve hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand. Using a Swedish questionnaire, quantitative data were compiled from facilities of interest and were completed with qualitative data obtained from interviews with key informants. Increasing interest to take part in a FSC system was identified among those interviewed. All medical facilities indicated an interest in offering minor treatments, while a select few expressed interest in offering psychosocial support or patient stabilization before transport to major hospitals and minor operations. The non-medical facilities interviewed proposed to serve food and provide spaces for the housing of victims. The lack of knowledge and scarcity of medical instruments and materials were some of the barriers to implementing the FSC response system. Despite some shortcomings, FSC seems to be applicable in Thailand. There is a need for educational initiatives, as well as a financial contingency to grant the sustainability of FSC.

ACS Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Viktor Glantz; Eric Carlström; Lina Dahlén Holmqvist; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Amir Khorram-Manesh. The Feasibility of Implementing the Flexible Surge Capacity Concept in Bangkok: Willing Participants and Educational Gaps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7793 .

AMA Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Viktor Glantz, Eric Carlström, Lina Dahlén Holmqvist, Yuwares Sittichanbuncha, Amir Khorram-Manesh. The Feasibility of Implementing the Flexible Surge Capacity Concept in Bangkok: Willing Participants and Educational Gaps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7793.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Viktor Glantz; Eric Carlström; Lina Dahlén Holmqvist; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Amir Khorram-Manesh. 2021. "The Feasibility of Implementing the Flexible Surge Capacity Concept in Bangkok: Willing Participants and Educational Gaps." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7793.

Short communication
Published: 11 May 2021 in International Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Introduction SARS-CoV-2 RNA is excreted in feces of most patients, therefore viral load in wastewater can be used as a surveillance tool to develop an early warning system to help and manage future pandemics. Methods We collected wastewater from 24 random locations at Bangkok city center and 26 nearby suburbs from July to December 2020. SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy numbers were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in wastewater from both the city center and suburbs. Except for July, there were no significant differences in copy numbers between the city center and suburbs. Between October and November, a sharp rise in copy number was observed in both places followed by two to three times increase in December, related to SARS-CoV-2 cases reported for same month. Conclusions Our study provided the first dataset related to SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in the wastewater of Bangkok. Our results suggest that wastewater could be used as a complementary source for detecting viral RNA and predicting upcoming outbreaks and waves.

ACS Style

Dhammika Leshan Wannigama; Mohan Amarasiri; Cameron Hurst; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Shuichi Abe; Parichart Hongsing; S.M. Ali Hosseini Rad; Lachlan Pearson; Thammakorn Saethang; Sirirat Luk-In; Naris Kueakulpattana; Robin James Storer; Puey Ounjai; Alain Jacquet; Asada Leelahavanichkul; Tanittha Chatsuwan. Tracking COVID-19 with wastewater to understand asymptomatic transmission. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021, 108, 296 -299.

AMA Style

Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Mohan Amarasiri, Cameron Hurst, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Shuichi Abe, Parichart Hongsing, S.M. Ali Hosseini Rad, Lachlan Pearson, Thammakorn Saethang, Sirirat Luk-In, Naris Kueakulpattana, Robin James Storer, Puey Ounjai, Alain Jacquet, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Tanittha Chatsuwan. Tracking COVID-19 with wastewater to understand asymptomatic transmission. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021; 108 ():296-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dhammika Leshan Wannigama; Mohan Amarasiri; Cameron Hurst; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Shuichi Abe; Parichart Hongsing; S.M. Ali Hosseini Rad; Lachlan Pearson; Thammakorn Saethang; Sirirat Luk-In; Naris Kueakulpattana; Robin James Storer; Puey Ounjai; Alain Jacquet; Asada Leelahavanichkul; Tanittha Chatsuwan. 2021. "Tracking COVID-19 with wastewater to understand asymptomatic transmission." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 108, no. : 296-299.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Ramathibodi Medical Journal
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Background: Trauma patients who entrapped in the accident vehicle are predispose to have cervical spine injuries and they needed to be intubated with face-to-face intubation technique using Macintosh laryngoscope. Nowadays, video laryngoscope has been introduced to improve the intubation technique. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of video laryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope for face-to-face intubation in sitting manikin model with limitation of neck motion. Methods: The study was performed in a randomized experimental study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups both did face-to-face intubation using video laryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope in a sitting manikin model with limitation of neck motion. The success rate of intubation, time to finish intubation, and vocal cord visualization were analyzed. Results: Of 41 subjects including 2nd and 3rd year paramedic students, 21 subjects went to video laryngoscope group, and 20 subjects went to Macintosh laryngoscopes group. The Macintosh laryngoscope intubation technique showed significantly better success rate compared to video laryngoscope (100% and 25%, P < .001). In addition, intubation time of Macintosh laryngoscope was significantly less than video laryngoscope (mean [SD], 27 [24.7] and 75 [66.3] seconds, P < .001). However, vocal cord visualization from both laryngoscope techniques showed no statistically significant (P = .08). Conclusions: Intubation training of Macintosh laryngoscope for in sitting model with neck motion limitation showed better success rate and less time than video laryngoscope, with the same vocal cord visualization.

ACS Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Promphet Nuanprom; Prayoot Suk-Um; Manina Thilarak; Chaiyaporn Yuksen. Comparison of Video Laryngoscope and Macintosh Laryngoscope for Face-to-Face Intubation in Sitting Manikin Model With Limitation of Neck Motion by Unexperienced Personnel. Ramathibodi Medical Journal 2021, 44, 21 -28.

AMA Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Promphet Nuanprom, Prayoot Suk-Um, Manina Thilarak, Chaiyaporn Yuksen. Comparison of Video Laryngoscope and Macintosh Laryngoscope for Face-to-Face Intubation in Sitting Manikin Model With Limitation of Neck Motion by Unexperienced Personnel. Ramathibodi Medical Journal. 2021; 44 (1):21-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Promphet Nuanprom; Prayoot Suk-Um; Manina Thilarak; Chaiyaporn Yuksen. 2021. "Comparison of Video Laryngoscope and Macintosh Laryngoscope for Face-to-Face Intubation in Sitting Manikin Model With Limitation of Neck Motion by Unexperienced Personnel." Ramathibodi Medical Journal 44, no. 1: 21-28.

Original research
Published: 03 February 2021 in Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
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Objective: To analyze the evacuation preparedness of hospitals within the European Union (EU). Method: This study consisted of 2 steps. In the first step, a systematic review of the subject matter, according to the PRISMA flow diagram, was performed. Using Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands), PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD), and Gothenburg University´s search engine, 11 questions were extracted from the review and were sent to representatives from 15 European Union (EU)- and non-EU countries. Results: The findings indicate that there is neither a full preparedness nor a standard guideline for evacuation within the EU or other non-EU countries in this study. A major shortcoming revealed by this study is the lack of awareness of the untoward consequences of medical decision-making during an evacuation. Some countries did not respond to the questions due to the lack of relevant guidelines, instructions, or time. Conclusion: Hospitals are exposed to internal and external incidents and require an adequate evacuation plan. Despite many publications, reports, and conclusions on successful and unsuccessful evacuation, there is still no common guide for evacuation, and many hospitals lack the proper preparedness. There is a need for a multinational collaboration, specifically within the EU, to establish such an evacuation planning or guideline to be used mutually within the union and the international community.

ACS Style

Amir Khorram-Manesh; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Luc J Mortelmans; Krzysztof Goniewicz; Marlous Verheul; Jarle L Sörensen; Irene Pereira; Meret E Ricklin; Roberto Faccincani; Paul M Dark; Eric Carlström; Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh; Mahmoud Reza Peyravi; Mohammed Al Sultan; Emelia Santamaria; John David Comandante; Frederick Burkle. Current Perspectives and Concerns Facing Hospital Evacuation: The Results of a Pilot Study and Literature Review. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Amir Khorram-Manesh, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Luc J Mortelmans, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Marlous Verheul, Jarle L Sörensen, Irene Pereira, Meret E Ricklin, Roberto Faccincani, Paul M Dark, Eric Carlström, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Mahmoud Reza Peyravi, Mohammed Al Sultan, Emelia Santamaria, John David Comandante, Frederick Burkle. Current Perspectives and Concerns Facing Hospital Evacuation: The Results of a Pilot Study and Literature Review. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Khorram-Manesh; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Luc J Mortelmans; Krzysztof Goniewicz; Marlous Verheul; Jarle L Sörensen; Irene Pereira; Meret E Ricklin; Roberto Faccincani; Paul M Dark; Eric Carlström; Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh; Mahmoud Reza Peyravi; Mohammed Al Sultan; Emelia Santamaria; John David Comandante; Frederick Burkle. 2021. "Current Perspectives and Concerns Facing Hospital Evacuation: The Results of a Pilot Study and Literature Review." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Military Medicine
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Introduction Historical changes have transformed Sweden from being an offensive to a defensive and collaborative nation with national and international engagement, allowing it to finally achieve the ground for the civilian–military collaboration and the concept of a total defense healthcare. At the same time, with the decreasing number of international and interstate conflicts, and the military’s involvement in national emergencies and humanitarian disaster relief, both the need and the role of the military healthcare system within the civilian society have been challenged. The recent impact of the COVID-19 in the USA and the necessity of military involvement have led health practitioners to anticipate and re-evaluate conditions that might exceed the civilian capacity of their own countries and the need to have collaboration with the military healthcare. This study investigated both these challenges and views from practitioners regarding the benefits of such collaboration and the manner in which it would be initiated. Material and Method A primary study was conducted among responsive countries using a questionnaire created using the Nominal Group Technique. Relevant search subjects and keywords were extracted for a systematic review of the literature, according to the PRISMA model. Results The 14 countries responding to the questionnaire had either a well-developed military healthcare system or units created in collaboration with the civilian healthcare. The results from the questionnaire and the literature review indicated a need for transfer of military medical knowledge and resources in emergencies to the civilian health components, which in return, facilitated training opportunities for the military staff to maintain their skills and competencies. Conclusions As the world witnesses a rapid change in the etiology of disasters and various crises, neither the military nor the civilian healthcare systems can address or manage the outcomes independently. There is an opportunity for both systems to develop future healthcare in collaboration. Rethinking education and training in war and conflict is indisputable. Collaborative educational initiatives in disaster medicine, public health and complex humanitarian emergencies, international humanitarian law, and the Geneva Convention, along with advanced training in competency-based skill sets, should be included in the undergraduate education of health professionals for the benefit of humanity.

ACS Style

Amir Khorram-Manesh; Frederick M Burkle; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh; Mohammed Al Sultan; Matti Mäntysaari; Eric Carlström; Krzysztof Goniewicz; Emelia Santamaria; John David Comandante; Robert Dobson; Boris Hreckovski; Glenn-Egil Torgersen; Luc J Mortelmans; Mirjam de Jong; Yohan Robinson. The Development of Swedish Military Healthcare System: Part II—Re-evaluating the Military and Civilian Healthcare Systems in Crises Through a Dialogue and Study Among Practitioners. Military Medicine 2021, 186, e442 -e450.

AMA Style

Amir Khorram-Manesh, Frederick M Burkle, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Mohammed Al Sultan, Matti Mäntysaari, Eric Carlström, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Emelia Santamaria, John David Comandante, Robert Dobson, Boris Hreckovski, Glenn-Egil Torgersen, Luc J Mortelmans, Mirjam de Jong, Yohan Robinson. The Development of Swedish Military Healthcare System: Part II—Re-evaluating the Military and Civilian Healthcare Systems in Crises Through a Dialogue and Study Among Practitioners. Military Medicine. 2021; 186 (3-4):e442-e450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Khorram-Manesh; Frederick M Burkle; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh; Mohammed Al Sultan; Matti Mäntysaari; Eric Carlström; Krzysztof Goniewicz; Emelia Santamaria; John David Comandante; Robert Dobson; Boris Hreckovski; Glenn-Egil Torgersen; Luc J Mortelmans; Mirjam de Jong; Yohan Robinson. 2021. "The Development of Swedish Military Healthcare System: Part II—Re-evaluating the Military and Civilian Healthcare Systems in Crises Through a Dialogue and Study Among Practitioners." Military Medicine 186, no. 3-4: e442-e450.

Research article
Published: 24 January 2021 in Global Pediatric Health
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Pediatric emergency patients are vulnerable population and require special care or interventions. Nevertheless, there is limited data on the prevalence and risk factors for life-saving interventions. This study is a retrospective analytical study. The inclusion criteria were children aged 15 years or under who were triaged as level 1 or 2 and treated at the resuscitation room. Factors associated with LSI were executed by logistic regression analysis. During the study period, there were 22 759 ER visits by 14 066 pediatric patients. Of those, 346 patients (2.46%) met the study criteria. Triage level 1 accounted for 16.18% (56 patients) with 29 patients (8.38%) with LSI. Trauma was an independent factor for LSI with adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 4.37 (1.49, 12.76). In conclusion, approximately 8.38% of these patients required LSI. Trauma cause was an independent predictor for LSI.

ACS Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Pongsakorn Atiksawedparit; Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. Characteristics of Pediatric Emergency and Risk Factors for Life-saving Interventions. Global Pediatric Health 2021, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Yuwares Sittichanbuncha, Pongsakorn Atiksawedparit, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. Characteristics of Pediatric Emergency and Risk Factors for Life-saving Interventions. Global Pediatric Health. 2021; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Pongsakorn Atiksawedparit; Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. 2021. "Characteristics of Pediatric Emergency and Risk Factors for Life-saving Interventions." Global Pediatric Health 8, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Global Pediatric Health
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Pediatric emergency care is prone to medication errors in many aspects including prescriptions, administrations, and monitoring. This study was designed to assess the effects of computer-assisted calculation on reducing error rates and time to prescription of specific emergency drugs. We conducted a randomized crossover experimental study involving emergency medicine residents and paramedics in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Ramathibodi Hospital. Participants calculated and prescribed medications using both the conventional method and a computer-assisted method. Medication names, dosages, routes of administration, and time to prescription were collected and analyzed using logistic and quantile regression analysis. Of 562 prescriptions, we found significant differences between computer-assisted calculation and the conventional method in the calculation accuracy of overall medications, pediatric advanced life support (PALS) drugs, and sedative drugs (91.17% vs 67.26%, 86.54% vs 46.15%, and 89.29% vs 57.86%, respectively, P < .001). Moreover, there were significant differences in calculation time for overall medications, PALS drugs and sedative drugs (25 vs 47 seconds, P < .001), and computer-assisted calculation significantly decreased the gap in medication errors between doctors and paramedics ( P < .001). We conclude that computer-assisted prescription calculation provides benefits over the conventional method in accuracy of all medication dosages and in time required for calculation, while enhancing the drug prescription ability of paramedics.

ACS Style

Nichapha Chongthavonsatit; Chayanich Kovavinthaweewat; Chaiyaporn Yuksen; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Chuenruthai Angkoontassaneeyarat; Pongsakorn Atiksawedparit; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen. Comparison of Accuracy and Speed in Computer-Assisted Versus Conventional Methods for Pediatric Drug Dose Calculation: A Scenario-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Global Pediatric Health 2021, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Nichapha Chongthavonsatit, Chayanich Kovavinthaweewat, Chaiyaporn Yuksen, Yuwares Sittichanbuncha, Chuenruthai Angkoontassaneeyarat, Pongsakorn Atiksawedparit, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen. Comparison of Accuracy and Speed in Computer-Assisted Versus Conventional Methods for Pediatric Drug Dose Calculation: A Scenario-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Global Pediatric Health. 2021; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nichapha Chongthavonsatit; Chayanich Kovavinthaweewat; Chaiyaporn Yuksen; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Chuenruthai Angkoontassaneeyarat; Pongsakorn Atiksawedparit; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen. 2021. "Comparison of Accuracy and Speed in Computer-Assisted Versus Conventional Methods for Pediatric Drug Dose Calculation: A Scenario-Based Randomized Controlled Trial." Global Pediatric Health 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Flexible surge capacity aims to activate and utilize other resources than normally are surged in a community during the primary and secondary surge capacity. The presence of alternative leadership, skilled and knowledgeable in hospital and prehospital emergency management, is invaluable. Thai emergency physicians work at both levels, emphasizing their important role in emergency management of any source in a disaster-prone country. We aimed to investigate Thai emergency physicians’ ability in terms of knowledge and preparedness to manage potential emergencies using tabletop simulation exercises. Using an established method for training collaboration, two training courses were arranged for over 50 Thai emergency physicians, who were divided into three teams of prehospital, hospital, and incident command groups. Three scenarios of a terror attack along with a bomb explosion, riot, and shooting, and high building fire were presented, and the participants’ performance was evaluated regarding their preparedness, response and gained knowledge. Two senior observers followed the leadership characteristic in particular. Thai physicians’ perceived ability in command and control, communication, collaboration, coordination, and situation assessment improved in all groups systematically. New perspectives and innovative measures were presented by participants, which improved the overall management on the final day. Tabletop simulation exercise increased the perceived ability, knowledge, and attitude of Thai emergency physicians in managing major incidents and disasters. It also enabled them to lead emergency management in a situation when alternative leadership is a necessity as part of the concept of a flexible surge capacity response system.

ACS Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Viktor Glantz; Eric Carlström; Lina Dahlén Holmqvist; Amir Khorram-Manesh. Alternative Leadership in Flexible Surge Capacity—The Perceived Impact of Tabletop Simulation Exercises on Thai Emergency Physicians Capability to Manage a Major Incident. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6216 .

AMA Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Viktor Glantz, Eric Carlström, Lina Dahlén Holmqvist, Amir Khorram-Manesh. Alternative Leadership in Flexible Surge Capacity—The Perceived Impact of Tabletop Simulation Exercises on Thai Emergency Physicians Capability to Manage a Major Incident. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Viktor Glantz; Eric Carlström; Lina Dahlén Holmqvist; Amir Khorram-Manesh. 2020. "Alternative Leadership in Flexible Surge Capacity—The Perceived Impact of Tabletop Simulation Exercises on Thai Emergency Physicians Capability to Manage a Major Incident." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6216.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Surge capacity is the ability to manage the increased influx of critically ill or injured patients during a sudden onset crisis. During such an event, all ordinary resources are activated and used in a systematic, structured, and planned way to cope with the situation. There are, however, occasions where conventional healthcare means are insufficient, and additional resources must be summoned. In such an event, the activation of existing capabilities within community resources can increase regional surge capacity in a flexible manner. These additional resources together represent the concept of Flexible Surge Capacity. This study aims to investigate the possibility of establishing a Flexible Surge Capacity response system to emergencies by examining the main components of surge capacity (Staff, Stuff, Structure, System) within facilities of interest present in the Western Region of Sweden. Through a mixed-method and use of (A) questionnaires and (B) semi-structured key-informant interviews, data was collected from potential alternative care facilities to determine capacities and capabilities and barriers and limitations as well as interest to be included in a flexible surge capacity response system. Both interest and ability were found in the investigated primary healthcare centers, veterinary and dental clinics, schools, and sports and hotel facilities to participate in such a system, either by receiving resources and/or drills and exercises. Barriers limiting the potential participation in this response system consisted of a varying lack of space, beds, healthcare materials, and competencies along with a need for clear organizational structure and medical responsibility. These results indicate that the concept of flexible surge capacity is a feasible approach to emergency management. Educational initiatives, drills and exercises, layperson empowerment, organizational and legal changes and sufficient funding are needed to realize the concept.

ACS Style

Viktor Glantz; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Eric Carlström; Amir Khorram-Manesh. Regional Flexible Surge Capacity—A Flexible Response System. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5984 .

AMA Style

Viktor Glantz, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Eric Carlström, Amir Khorram-Manesh. Regional Flexible Surge Capacity—A Flexible Response System. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5984.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viktor Glantz; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Eric Carlström; Amir Khorram-Manesh. 2020. "Regional Flexible Surge Capacity—A Flexible Response System." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5984.

Original article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
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This study aimed to determine additional predictors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation success using a national emergency medical services (EMS) database. This retrospective study was conducted by retrieving data from the Information Technology of Emergency Medical Service, a national EMS database. The inclusion criteria were adult patients (18 years old or over) who suffered from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and received emergency life support. The outcome was a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Predictors for ROSC were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. During the study period, 1070 patients met the study criteria, among whom 199 (18.60%) belonged to the ROSC group. Five factors were eligible for multivariate logistic regression analysis for predicting ROSC. Accordingly, only adrenaline administration was independently and negatively associated with ROSC with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.722 (95% confidence interval: 0.522, 0.997) and a Hosmer-Lemeshow Chi-square of 5.84 (P = 0.665). Adrenaline use may be a poor predictor for ROSC during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

ACS Style

Chaiyaporn Yuksen; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Woranee Kreethep; Chonnakarn Suwanmano; Chestsadakon Jenpanitpong; Rawin Nonnongku; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. Adrenaline use as a poor predictor for the return of spontaneous circulation among victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to a national emergency medical services database. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020, 20, 18 -21.

AMA Style

Chaiyaporn Yuksen, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Woranee Kreethep, Chonnakarn Suwanmano, Chestsadakon Jenpanitpong, Rawin Nonnongku, Yuwares Sittichanbuncha, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. Adrenaline use as a poor predictor for the return of spontaneous circulation among victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to a national emergency medical services database. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020; 20 (1):18-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chaiyaporn Yuksen; Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen; Woranee Kreethep; Chonnakarn Suwanmano; Chestsadakon Jenpanitpong; Rawin Nonnongku; Yuwares Sittichanbuncha; Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. 2020. "Adrenaline use as a poor predictor for the return of spontaneous circulation among victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to a national emergency medical services database." Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 20, no. 1: 18-21.