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Dr. Sara Domínguez-Salas
Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Spain

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0 Health
0 Methodology
0 drug abuse
0 Psychological distress

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Original article
Published: 12 April 2021 in Journal of Nursing Management
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Aims to analyse the relationship between work engagement, sense of coherence, and psychological distress levels in Spanish health professionals who were active during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. Background Work Engagement and Sense of Coherence can help professionals to cope with work‐related psychological distress due to the harsh conditions of the COVID‐19 working environment. Methods cross‐sectional observational study of 1459 healthcare professionals. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire were distributed and analyzed with descriptive and multiple linear regression methods. Results High levels of work engagement, especially in the dedication dimension, of sense of coherence, in particular in the meaningfulness dimension, and psychological distress were obtained. Significant correlations (p<0.001) were identified between all the variables. Conclusions Work engagement and sense of coherence correlated positively with each other, and both negatively with psychological distress. So, healthcare professionals, despite presenting psychological distress, perceive their work satisfactorily and positively despite the severity of the situation and the harsh conditions. Implications for Nursing Management Sense of coherence and work engagement are protective factors against psychological distress. Preventive measures for professionals should go through the dimensionalization of the problem and the adaptation of practical measures for daily management.

ACS Style

Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Carlos Guillén‐Gestoso; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Mónica Ortega‐Moreno; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Health care workers’ protection and psychological safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain. Journal of Nursing Management 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Sara Domínguez‐Salas, Juan Gómez‐Salgado, Carlos Guillén‐Gestoso, Macarena Romero‐Martín, Mónica Ortega‐Moreno, Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Health care workers’ protection and psychological safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Carlos Guillén‐Gestoso; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Mónica Ortega‐Moreno; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. 2021. "Health care workers’ protection and psychological safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain." Journal of Nursing Management , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Brain Sciences
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The aim of this study was to develop a specific scale to measure anxiety and fear levels in the general Spanish population. For this, a transcultural adaptation to Spanish of the fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) scale, in its original version of 10 items, was carried out. Then, the Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 Assessment Scale (AMICO, for its acronym in Spanish) was designed by translating the tool and Delphi technique into three rounds. Ten experts participated voluntarily, and inter-observer match rates and the reliability study of the designed scale were calculated. A pilot study was carried out with the final version of the scale for the validity and reliability study. The instrument did not raise problems in semantic and cultural terms during the first and second rounds of the translation process, with an overall weighted Kappa value of 0.9. In the third round, eight new items were designed and consensual, obtaining a weighted overall value of 0.89. The pilot study sample was made up of 445 subjects, of which 60.3% were women with a mean age of 46.2 years. The final version consisted of 16 items, 2 factors, and a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.92. The AMICO scale was developed to assess the level of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 and proved to be valid and reliable for its use in the adult Spanish population.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Regina Allande-Cussó; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan García-Iglesias; Valle Coronado-Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Design of Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19 Assessment Tool in Spanish Adult Population. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 328 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado, Regina Allande-Cussó, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Juan García-Iglesias, Valle Coronado-Vázquez, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Design of Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19 Assessment Tool in Spanish Adult Population. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Regina Allande-Cussó; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan García-Iglesias; Valle Coronado-Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2021. "Design of Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19 Assessment Tool in Spanish Adult Population." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3: 328.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Healthcare
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In some areas of Spain, health services and professionals working in the front line against the Sars-Cov-2 virus have been widely overwhelmed at all levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the level of work engagement of Spanish nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 510 active nurses from all over Spain, without age exclusion, who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. Work engagement was assessed with the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) questionnaire, through an online questionnaire and non-probabilistic snowball sampling. The results showed a mean age of 45.9 years (SD = 10.7 years), most of them women (78.1%), and 58.5% were in primary care. The mean score for the UWES-9 questionnaire was 4.6 points (SD = 1.35). The categorical regression analysis performed revealed an R2 value of 0.75 and a significance of p < 0.01 in the sex, type of unit, and training variables. The Spanish nurses in the sample present high levels of work engagement in all dimensions in general, although the lowest mean scores are found in the vigor dimension, among men, and nurses working in hospital and critical units.

ACS Style

Regina Allande-Cussó; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Work Engagement in Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 253 .

AMA Style

Regina Allande-Cussó, Juan García-Iglesias, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Work Engagement in Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (3):253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Regina Allande-Cussó; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2021. "Work Engagement in Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 9, no. 3: 253.

Original article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Journal of Nursing Management
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Aims To describe the level of work engagement of active health care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and its relationship with psychological distress according to the professional category. Background Health care professionals working on the front line of the COVID‐19 pandemic are at risk of psychological distress, and work engagement could be a positive attitude that could serve as a protective factor. Methods Cross‐sectional observational study of 1,459 health care professionals. Psychological distress was measured with the General Health Questionnaire and work engagement with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Data were analysed with bivariate analyses and correlations. Results Psychological distress was reported by 80.6% of health care professionals. Work engagement as high with a total mean score of 5.04 (SD = 1.14). The results showed that distressed professionals showed significantly lower levels of work engagement. Conclusions The present study identified psychological distress and work engagement experienced by health care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Most of the variables included in the study revealed a significant relationship with psychological distress and work engagement. Implications for Nursing Management The relationship between the working conditions with psychological distress and work engagement suggests that improvements in the workplace are needed to promote protective measure for the mental health of health care professionals.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Adolfo Romero; Valle Coronado‐Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Work engagement and psychological distress of health professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez‐Salgado, Sara Domínguez‐Salas, Macarena Romero‐Martín, Adolfo Romero, Valle Coronado‐Vázquez, Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Work engagement and psychological distress of health professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Adolfo Romero; Valle Coronado‐Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. 2021. "Work engagement and psychological distress of health professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic." Journal of Nursing Management , no. : 1.

English abstract
Published: 15 December 2020
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ACS Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas; Marina Piqueras-Torrico; Regina Allande-Cussó; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Montserrat Andrés-Villas. [The use of water pipe and its impact on university students' lifestyle and their psychological distress: a cross-sectional study.]. 2020, 94, 1 .

AMA Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas, Marina Piqueras-Torrico, Regina Allande-Cussó, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Montserrat Andrés-Villas. [The use of water pipe and its impact on university students' lifestyle and their psychological distress: a cross-sectional study.]. . 2020; 94 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas; Marina Piqueras-Torrico; Regina Allande-Cussó; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Montserrat Andrés-Villas. 2020. "[The use of water pipe and its impact on university students' lifestyle and their psychological distress: a cross-sectional study.]." 94, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Safety Science
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The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess the effects of the COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of non-health workers. Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. 1089 questionnaires have been analysed. Engagement (UWES-9), sense of coherence (SOC-13), mental health (Goldberg GHQ-12), demographic data, perception of health and stress and work environment were assessed. At low levels of engagement, the percentage of distress is higher (77.9%). Low levels of sense of coherence correspond to the highest percentages of distress (86.3%). The 94.1% believe it necessary for professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 to receive psychological support. Low comprehensibility is mediated by the perception of stress; if the perception is low, comprehensibility is modulated by the level of significance; if it is low, it generates 95.9% of distress. The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all respondents believed that professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 should receive psychological support. This may be an indicator of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers’ mental health.

ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande-Cussó; Diego Ayuso-Murillo; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Safety Science 2020, 133, 105033 -105033.

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Regina Allande-Cussó, Diego Ayuso-Murillo, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Safety Science. 2020; 133 ():105033-105033.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande-Cussó; Diego Ayuso-Murillo; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2020. "Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain." Safety Science 133, no. : 105033-105033.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Safety Science
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Non-health workers engaged in essential activities during the pandemic are less researched on the effects of COVID-19 than health workers. to study the differences between those who work away from home and those who do so from home, when the effects of fear of contagion cross with those of confinement, about the psychological distress during the COVID-19 in Spain. Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was carried out receiving 1089 questionnaires from non-health workers that were working away from home and doing so from their homes. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and occupational data, physical symptoms, self-perceived health, use of preventive measures and possible contacts, and the Goldberg GHQ-12. 71.6% of non-health female workers and 52.4% of non-health male workers had psychological distress, with differences among those working away from home and those working from home. The level of psychological distress among non-health workers is predicted by 66.5% through the variables: being a woman, 43 years old or younger, having a home with no outdoor spaces, poor perception of health, number of symptoms, and having been in contact with contaminated people or material. Among workers who work away from home, being self-employed is another predictive variable of distress. More than the half of the sample showed inadequate management of the psychological distress. There are modifiable factors which provide necessary elements to support a positive attitude of the workers, such as: knowledge of hygiene, transmission of the virus, protective measures, and social distancing measures.

ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande Cusso; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Adriano Dias; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Health-related factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among non-health workers in Spain. Safety Science 2020, 133, 104996 -104996.

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Regina Allande Cusso, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Adriano Dias, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Health-related factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among non-health workers in Spain. Safety Science. 2020; 133 ():104996-104996.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande Cusso; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Adriano Dias; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2020. "Health-related factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among non-health workers in Spain." Safety Science 133, no. : 104996-104996.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2020 in Sustainability
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The health crisis triggered by COVID-19 and the preventive measures taken to control it have caused a strong psychological impact on the population, especially on healthcare professionals. Risk exposure, uncertainty about how to approach the disease, care and emotional overburden, lack of resources, or unclear ever-changing protocols are, among others, psychological distress risk factors for the healthcare professionals who have faced this dramatic scenario on the front line. On the other hand, the Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a competence that could help these professionals perceive the situation as understandable, manageable, and meaningful, facilitating the activation of their resilience. This work aims to describe the levels of psychological distress and SOC of healthcare professionals during the crisis caused by COVID-19, the relationship between both variables, and their health status. A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 1459 currently active healthcare workers was developed. GHQ-12 and SOC-13 were used for data collection. Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared Test, Student’s T-Test, Analysis of Variance—ANOVA (with Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons), and correlations. Cohen’s d or Cramer’s V effect size measurements were also provided. The results showed that 80.6% of healthcare professionals had psychological distress, and the mean score on the SOC-13 scale was 62.8 points (SD = 12.02). Both psychological distress and SOC were related to the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, as well as with contact history. Professionals with psychological distress showed a lower SOC. Taking care of the mental health of healthcare professionals is essential to effectively cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the psychological impact of working in the current menacing scenario, people on the front line against the disease should be protected, minimizing risks, providing them with resources and support, and fostering their coping skills.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Macarena Romero-Martín; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Sense of Coherence and Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6855 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Macarena Romero-Martín, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Juan García-Iglesias, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Sense of Coherence and Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6855.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Macarena Romero-Martín; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2020. "Sense of Coherence and Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6855.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2020 in Healthcare
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Anxiety, depression, and stress are common and expected reactions to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study is to analyze psychological distress in a sample of Spanish population, identifying the predictive nature of the information received, the preventive measures taken, level of concern, beliefs, and knowledge about the infection. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a sample of 4615 participants. Data were collected through a self-prepared questionnaire and the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions were performed. Of the total participants, 71.98% presented psychological distress. The study population actively sought information about coronavirus, expressed a high level of concern and knowledge, and the most frequent preventive behavior was hand washing. As predictive factors, the degree of concern for COVID-19 was identified (odds ratio (OR) = 1.244, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.179, 1.312]), the number of hours spent consulting information on COVID-19 (OR = 1.038, 95% CI = [1.009, 1.068]), or the need for psychological support (OR = 1.135, 95% CI = [1.094, 1.177]), among others. These results could help design more effective strategies towards a psycho-emotional approach for the population when in similar health crisis situations. There is a need for interventions aimed at the psychological well-being of the population that meet the needs of their reality.

ACS Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Montserrat Andrés-Villas; Diego Díaz-Milanés; Macarena Romero-Martín; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Healthcare 2020, 8, 190 .

AMA Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Montserrat Andrés-Villas, Diego Díaz-Milanés, Macarena Romero-Martín, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Healthcare. 2020; 8 (3):190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Montserrat Andrés-Villas; Diego Díaz-Milanés; Macarena Romero-Martín; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2020. "Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Healthcare 8, no. 3: 190.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Measures to prevent and contain the COVID-19 health crisis include population confinement, with the consequent isolation and interruption of their usual activities. The aim of the study is to analyse psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 4180 people over the age of 18 during quarantine was developed. Variables considered were sociodemographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, COVID-19 contact history and psychological adjustment. The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared test and Student’s T-test. Predictive ability was calculated through logistic regression. Results obtained showed a high level of psychological distress (72.0%), with a higher percentage in women and people of lower middle age. Statistically significant differences were found in the variable working situation (χ² = 63.139, p ≤ 0.001, V = 0.123) and living with children under the age of 16 (χ² = 7.393, p = 0.007, V = 0.042). The predictive variables with the highest weight were sex (OR = 1.952, 95% IC = (1.667, 2.286)), presence of symptoms (OR = 1.130, 95% CI = (1.074, 1.190)), and having had close contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 (OR = 1.241, 95% CI = (1.026, 1.500)). These results could enrich prevention interventions in public health and, in particular, in mental health in similar pandemic situations.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Montserrat Andrés-Villas; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Diego Díaz-Milanés; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3947 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado, Montserrat Andrés-Villas, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Diego Díaz-Milanés, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):3947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Montserrat Andrés-Villas; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Diego Díaz-Milanés; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2020. "Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3947.

Methods in addiction research
Published: 14 January 2019 in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
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Background: Interpretation bias tasks such as word association tests have shown a moderate relation with substance use, but most studies have been conducted in nonclinical samples and these tasks are difficult to rate. Objectives: To provide: (1) reliability evidence of the Word Association Task for Drug Use Disorder (WAT-DUD), a novel and easy-to-rate instrument for measuring interpretation bias and (2) validity evidence based on the relationship between the WAT-DUD and variables associated with patterns of drug use and treatment outcomes. Methods: 186 patients (67 outpatients and 119 inpatients, 90% males) participated in the study. The task consisted of a simultaneous conditional discrimination where an image (either explicit or ambiguous) was the sample and two words (drug-related or not) served as comparison stimuli. The Substance Dependence Severity Scale, the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now, and the Multidimensional Craving Scale were also used. Results: The ambiguous images items showed adequate reliability in terms of internal consistency (α = .80) and test–retest reliability (79.7% on average). The interpretation of images as drug-related was positively correlated with craving for cocaine (r = .20; p = .029), alcohol (r = .30; p = . 01), and alcohol withdrawal (r = .31; p = .01) along with severity of alcohol dependence (r = .23; p = .04). No relationship was found with the severity of cocaine dependence, or its symptoms of abstinence. Conclusion: WAT-DUD shows psychometric properties that support its use in research contexts, although more research is needed for its use in the clinical setting.

ACS Style

Jesús Gómez-Bujedo; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Pedro J. Pérez-Moreno; Enrique Moraleda-Barreno; Oscar M. Lozano. Reliability and validity evidence of a new interpretation bias task in patients diagnosed with drug use disorder: a preliminary study of the Word Association Task for Drug Use Disorder (WAT-DUD). The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2019, 45, 365 -376.

AMA Style

Jesús Gómez-Bujedo, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Pedro J. Pérez-Moreno, Enrique Moraleda-Barreno, Oscar M. Lozano. Reliability and validity evidence of a new interpretation bias task in patients diagnosed with drug use disorder: a preliminary study of the Word Association Task for Drug Use Disorder (WAT-DUD). The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2019; 45 (4):365-376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesús Gómez-Bujedo; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Pedro J. Pérez-Moreno; Enrique Moraleda-Barreno; Oscar M. Lozano. 2019. "Reliability and validity evidence of a new interpretation bias task in patients diagnosed with drug use disorder: a preliminary study of the Word Association Task for Drug Use Disorder (WAT-DUD)." The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 45, no. 4: 365-376.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2018 in Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
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Impulsivity has been consistently associated with poorer addiction treatment outcomes. However, impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and current evidence have failed to unravel which specific aspects explain this relationship. There is also limited research examining long-term outcomes. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between baseline performance on a comprehensive battery of impulsivity measures and retention and relapse at the end of treatment. The sample comprised 68 participants with miscellaneous diagnoses of substance use disorders and polysubstance use patterns, enrolled in public residential therapeutic communities in Andalusia (Spain). At baseline, we applied measures of selective attention (Stroop), response inhibition (Affective Go/No Go), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire; MCQ), and decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT). At the end of treatment (mean = 148.36 days, range = 22–289 days), we collected outcome measures of retention (coded by the clinical team as completion or dropout based on statewide practice guidelines) and relapse (defined as at least two separate alcohol/drug use episodes based on urine analyses). Cox regression models showed that poorer decision-making in the IGT was associated with premature treatment dropout, whereas elevated commission errors in the Affective Go/No Go were associated with higher relapse rates. Selective attention and delay discounting were unrelated to outcomes. Long-term based decision-making skills are important to commit to the complex and intensive treatment programs of therapeutic communities. The ability to withhold behavioural responses under positive affect is relevant to prevent relapse. Both skills should be assessed and potentially trained during therapeutic community treatment.

ACS Style

Enrique Moraleda Barreno; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Óscar M. Lozano; José Andrés Lorca Marín; Antonio Verdejo-García. Specific aspects of cognitive impulsivity are longitudinally associated with lower treatment retention and greater relapse in therapeutic community treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2018, 96, 33 -38.

AMA Style

Enrique Moraleda Barreno, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Carmen Díaz-Batanero, Óscar M. Lozano, José Andrés Lorca Marín, Antonio Verdejo-García. Specific aspects of cognitive impulsivity are longitudinally associated with lower treatment retention and greater relapse in therapeutic community treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2018; 96 ():33-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique Moraleda Barreno; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Óscar M. Lozano; José Andrés Lorca Marín; Antonio Verdejo-García. 2018. "Specific aspects of cognitive impulsivity are longitudinally associated with lower treatment retention and greater relapse in therapeutic community treatment." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 96, no. : 33-38.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2017 in Drug and Alcohol Dependence
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Attentional bias towards substance-related stimuli has shown to be involved in the development and maintenance of cocaine dependence. The relationship between alcohol use and cocaine dependence shown in literature justify the need of study these two substances jointly. This paper analyzes patterns of attentional bias in 71 patients with cocaine dependence and compares these patterns according to whether occasional or problematic concurrent alcohol use is taken into account. It also analyzes whether attentional bias towards alcohol and cocaine-related stimuli predicts treatment retention. Attentional bias was evaluated with a visual probe task between 15 and 20 days after admission to treatment. Treatment status was recorded at a three-month follow-up. Severity of dependence and cocaine and alcohol craving were also measured. Results show that patients with cocaine dependence and problematic alcohol use show a pattern of approach towards alcohol stimuli (M = 8.32, SD = 27.01). In contrast, patients with cocaine dependence with occasional consumption of alcohol exhibit a pattern of avoidance of such stimuli (M = −7.23, SD = 19.20) (t = 2.79, p = 0.007). Logistic regression indicates that alcohol attentional bias is the only variable with predictive capacity (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.09]). It should also be noted that there is a pattern of avoidance of alcohol stimuli in patients who drop out of treatment. The results of this study suggest the need to delve into whether therapeutic strategies involving deeper emotional processing or avoidance strategies are more suitable for preventing relapse.

ACS Style

Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Enrique Moraleda; Fermín Fernández Calderón; Oscar M. Lozano. Attentional bias toward alcohol stimuli as a predictor of treatment retention in cocaine dependence and alcohol user patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2017, 182, 40 -47.

AMA Style

Carmen Díaz-Batanero, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Enrique Moraleda, Fermín Fernández Calderón, Oscar M. Lozano. Attentional bias toward alcohol stimuli as a predictor of treatment retention in cocaine dependence and alcohol user patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2017; 182 ():40-47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Enrique Moraleda; Fermín Fernández Calderón; Oscar M. Lozano. 2017. "Attentional bias toward alcohol stimuli as a predictor of treatment retention in cocaine dependence and alcohol user patients." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 182, no. : 40-47.

Research article
Published: 13 July 2017 in Assessment
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Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition (DSM-5) has generated a personality paradigm consisting of 25 personality facets identified in five domains. The developed assessment instrument Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) has showed good psychometric properties, but the potential for certain improvements still remain. In this article, a sample of 282 dual diagnosis patients is used to provide evidence of the psychometric properties of the PID-5–Short Form. The mean value of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients reached .73 on the facets and .84 for domains and test–retest values ranged between .57 to .83 for facets and .70 to .87 for the domains. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted showed good fit on both models tested: the five correlated factor structure and hierarchical structure of personality traits. The WHODAS 2.0 domains of understanding and communicating, and participating in society, appear to show the strongest relationship with personality facets. In general, the PID-5–Short Form shows adequate psychometric properties for use in dual diagnosis patients.

ACS Style

Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Juan Francisco Ramirez Lopez; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Fermín Fernández Calderón; Óscar M. Lozano. Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Short Form (PID-5-SF): Reliability, Factorial Structure, and Relationship With Functional Impairment in Dual Diagnosis Patients. Assessment 2017, 26, 853 -866.

AMA Style

Carmen Díaz-Batanero, Juan Francisco Ramirez Lopez, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Fermín Fernández Calderón, Óscar M. Lozano. Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Short Form (PID-5-SF): Reliability, Factorial Structure, and Relationship With Functional Impairment in Dual Diagnosis Patients. Assessment. 2017; 26 (5):853-866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Juan Francisco Ramirez Lopez; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Fermín Fernández Calderón; Óscar M. Lozano. 2017. "Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Short Form (PID-5-SF): Reliability, Factorial Structure, and Relationship With Functional Impairment in Dual Diagnosis Patients." Assessment 26, no. 5: 853-866.

Review
Published: 01 December 2016 in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
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This systematic review aims to examine growing evidence linking cognitive-executive functions with addiction treatment outcomes, and to discuss significant cognitive predictors drawing upon addiction neuroscience theory. We conducted a systematic search to identify studies using measures of general cognition and executive functions in patients with substance use disorders for the purpose of predicting two treatment outcomes: therapeutic adherence and relapse. Forty-six studies were selected, and sample characteristics, timing of assessments, and cognitive measures were analyzed. We observed significant methodological differences across studies, resulting in substantial variability in the relationships between cognitive-executive domains and treatment outcomes. Notwithstanding this variability, we found evidence of associations, of medium effect size, between general cognition and treatment adherence, and between reward-based decision-making and relapse. The link between general cognition and treatment adherence is consistent with emerging evidence linking limited cognitive-executive resources with less ability to benefit from talk therapies. The link between reward-based decision-making and relapse accords with decision neuroscience models of addiction. Findings may inform preclinical and clinical research concerning addiction treatment mechanisms.

ACS Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Oscar Lozano; Antonio Verdejo-García. Impact of general cognition and executive function deficits on addiction treatment outcomes: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive pathways. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2016, 71, 772 -801.

AMA Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas, Carmen Díaz-Batanero, Oscar Lozano, Antonio Verdejo-García. Impact of general cognition and executive function deficits on addiction treatment outcomes: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive pathways. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2016; 71 ():772-801.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Díaz-Batanero; Oscar Lozano; Antonio Verdejo-García. 2016. "Impact of general cognition and executive function deficits on addiction treatment outcomes: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive pathways." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 71, no. : 772-801.