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The purpose of this article is to analyze the complex risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their nonlinear influence on sustainable development. In the context of this global pandemic, this article shows the limits of “thinking national” and argues that metamorphization of national to cosmopolitan sustainable development is possible on the basis of overcoming national egoism with cosmopolitan survival. The article builds on the “the theory of metamorphosis” proposed by U. Beck (2010). Phenomena are analyzed through the effects of the “arrow of time” (I. Prigogine) and “methodological cosmopolitanism”. The main results are as follows: The risks of COVID-19 have mixed effects on sustainable development. On the one hand, they undermine the traditional approaches towards social security and sustainability, but on the other hand, there is a chance of establishing cosmopolitan medical cooperation in the struggle against viruses by passing from national biopolitics and national structures of sustainable development to cosmopolitan (global concerted) counterparts. The conclusion is drawn that in order to realize this possibility, it is necessary to re-discover the existing visions of sustainable development while taking into consideration the common struggle of nations against epidemics.
Sergey Kravchenko. Complex Risks of COVID-19 Pandemic: Possible Metamorphization of National into Cosmopolitan Sustainable Development. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2976 .
AMA StyleSergey Kravchenko. Complex Risks of COVID-19 Pandemic: Possible Metamorphization of National into Cosmopolitan Sustainable Development. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergey Kravchenko. 2021. "Complex Risks of COVID-19 Pandemic: Possible Metamorphization of National into Cosmopolitan Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2976.
The authors show that the liberal biopolitics gave a birth to the development of the rationalized surveillance based on power-knowledge as a complex of force relations.Due to formal pragma-tism, rational knowledge and the disciplinary technology the ‘society of normalization’arose. Its influence spread not only to concrete individuals, but to all the people and was only limited by the nation-statesovereignty and historic time (up to the end of the 20thcentu-ry). But nowadays there appear such factors as globalization, the rise of the network society, the digitalizationthat mark the evidence of complexity, non-linear developmentand the emergence of multi-ple risks, vulnerabilities, and uncertainties. Under these conditions the traditional biopolitics as the dominant ‘life-administrating power’ is not suited for controlling and rationalizing the society. The new realities foster the passover to the digital societyandworking outinnovativeapproaches to the rationalization of the surveillance. So, there appear new types of surveillancethat are analyzed in the article. Among them: a new version of Panopticon as a viewer socie-ty in the form of Synopticon,digital and ‘liquid’ surveillance, ‘green Orwellism’, practice of surveillance based on post-anthropocentric technologies. All new types of surveillanceare ambivalent in their consequences, bringing as advantages as well unpredictable dan-gers for life-worlds of people and human spirit. The authors argue that the process of ‘metamorphization of the world’ (U. Beck) poten-tially produces possible hopes, creating unthinkable earlier alterna-tive preconditions for establishing a humanely oriented system of surveillance which is aimed at preventing different catastrophes and crimes.
Sergey Kravchenko; Daria Karpova. The Rationalization of the Surveillance: From the ‘Society of Normalization’ to the Digital Society and Beyond. Montenegrin Journal of Economics 2020, 16, 197 -206.
AMA StyleSergey Kravchenko, Daria Karpova. The Rationalization of the Surveillance: From the ‘Society of Normalization’ to the Digital Society and Beyond. Montenegrin Journal of Economics. 2020; 16 (3):197-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergey Kravchenko; Daria Karpova. 2020. "The Rationalization of the Surveillance: From the ‘Society of Normalization’ to the Digital Society and Beyond." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 16, no. 3: 197-206.
The article critically analyzes the approaches to different manifestations of traumatic development and the theories of trauma in historical and cultural context: P. Sztompka’s theory of becoming displaying the effects of “society in action” and “pathological agencies”; J.C. Alexander’s theory of cultural construction of trauma diagnosing the role of mystified meanings in the deformation of social consciousness; Zh.T. Toschenko’s theory of “the society of trauma” that substantiates a new specific modality of development. Relying on the postulates of these approaches the author of the paper proposes further investigations, showing the formation of a new phenomenon in the form of “normal trauma”, which is understood as a ‘normal’, emergent, and significant deformation of socio-technical-natural realities due to the effects of non-linear development. It is stated that traumatic development leads to the increase of such “systemic uncertainties” as “normal accidents” (Ch. Perrow), ‘normal’ “climate turbulence” (J. Urry, A. Giddens), “normal anomie” (S. Kravchenko) that in fact give traumas determined by non-linear development a ‘normal, natural’ character. The author sees the minimization of the consequences of “normal trauma” in a special type of reflexivity, which includes both “humanistic” and “rigidity” turns aimed at achieving a more humane society and counteracting turbulences.
Sergey Kravchenko. The birth of “normal trauma”: The effect of non-linear development. Economics & Sociology 2020, 13, 150 -159.
AMA StyleSergey Kravchenko. The birth of “normal trauma”: The effect of non-linear development. Economics & Sociology. 2020; 13 (2):150-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergey Kravchenko. 2020. "The birth of “normal trauma”: The effect of non-linear development." Economics & Sociology 13, no. 2: 150-159.
Digitalization of society has ambivalent consequences: there are new benefits (‘smart’ technologies, artificial intellect, multiple knowledge), but at the same time digital risks and metamorphoses that traumatize the behavior and thinking of people, alienate them from social ties and life-worlds. These processes have become a challenge for sociology and other social sciences that strive to develop new approaches, among which the digital and humanistic turns are the most relevant. The author aims at (a) analyzing the impact of digitalization on the production of metamorphoses and side effects on society and man, which are related to new complex risks and manifest challenges to sociology; (b) developing the contours of the conception of ‘the digital turn in sociology’ and identifying its essence in comparison with other, previous turns in sociology - linguistic, risk, cultural, etc.; (c) proposing the means that allow to overcome or minimize the side effects of the existing type of digitalization - the author argues for the demand to move sociology in the direction of the integral use of the instruments of the digital and humanistic turns. The article considers new challenges to mankind and scientific knowledge as determined not so much by the very process of digitalization, but by its existing type based on principles of formal rationality, pragmatism, and mercantilism neglecting, in fact, life-worlds of people. This type of digitalization is not ‘universal’ and can be changed by an alternative humanistic trend of digitalization. In order to begin establishing the humanistic trend of digitalization scientists should integrate the theoretical instruments of the proposed digital turn with other interdisciplinary turns and especially with the humanistic turn.
S. A. Kravchenko. Sociology on the move: The demand for the humanistic digital turn. RUDN Journal of Sociology 2019, 19, 397 -405.
AMA StyleS. A. Kravchenko. Sociology on the move: The demand for the humanistic digital turn. RUDN Journal of Sociology. 2019; 19 (3):397-405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. A. Kravchenko. 2019. "Sociology on the move: The demand for the humanistic digital turn." RUDN Journal of Sociology 19, no. 3: 397-405.
The article analyzes how factors of accelerating and complicating de-velopment of science and technology lead to changes in people's living conditions and, consequently, scientific discourse. The stage of indus-trial modernization was dominated by monodisciplinary knowledge with pronounced boundaries, which was rather functional for analyzing the realities of specific spheres of human life under the conditions of rela-tively slow development of the social and natural worlds. Scientists sought to identify "solid" technological, social, and economic correla-tions, to substantiate "universal" laws of socium and nature in the context of the mechanical picture of the world. However, the accelera-tion and increasing complexity of the development of science and technology have contributed to start the transition from monodiscipli-nary to interdisciplinary knowledge. The state of affairs changed signif-icantly in the period of 'reflexive modernization' (Beck, Giddens, Lash), which was expressed in scientific 'turns' – qualitative changes in the production of knowledge in the form of permanently complicating sci-entific discourse. The ‘turns’ implied a different methodology of cogni-tion, the rejection of "solid" correlations and "universal" laws, the tran-sition to the interpretation of "liquid" realities (Bauman), the reflexion concerning the "runaway world" (Giddens). The post-modernization, the becoming of 'digital society' mark a radically different trend in the sys-tems of knowledge production and the transition to a post-disciplinary scientific discourse. The main factors of this discourse are: the increas-ing complexity of acceleration; the formation of a unique socio-techno-natural reality, which possesses the qualities of a complex system and develops non-linearly; the complication of risks in the transition from a "risk society" to a "world risk society" (Beck); "new" catastrophes of a " liquid" nature in the form of side effects of pragmatic human activity; the emergence of global cosmopolitanism as a supranational reality; the birth of complex forms of metamorphosis development; the for-mation of "post-humanism" and the appearance of new approaches to the essence of humanism. However, in the emerging post-disciplinary discourse the limits to knowing in the form of diminution of the intrinsic value of social beings and living entities are still preserved. That is why the author argues for a humanistic turn in all sciences and for post-disciplinarity with a humanistic pivot.
Sergey Kravchenko. Increasingly Complex Techno-Digital Realities in the Dynamics of Scientific Discourse. Montenegrin Journal of Economics 2019, 15, 225 -237.
AMA StyleSergey Kravchenko. Increasingly Complex Techno-Digital Realities in the Dynamics of Scientific Discourse. Montenegrin Journal of Economics. 2019; 15 (4):225-237.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergey Kravchenko. 2019. "Increasingly Complex Techno-Digital Realities in the Dynamics of Scientific Discourse." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 15, no. 4: 225-237.
In the article it is stated that non-linear knowledge is being born and it has come into life due to ‘arrow of time’ effect (I. Prigogine) ac-cording to which all the matter is being developed increasingly quicker and in a more complexway. The author extends this effect to the dynamics of knowledge showing that the modern knowledge acquires the quality of reflexivity, takes on a completely new vector of non-linear development within ‘turns’ in sciences. The passage from linear to non-linear knowledge produces, correspondingly, more complex manufactured risks including risks of dehumanization that are specially analyzed. The monitoring of these risks implies that value oriented non-linear knowledge should be taken into ac-count that includes not only the achievements of natural, technical and social sciences but also of the humanities. Among new chal-lenges to humanity there appeared modern vulnerabilities mani-fested in increasing structural dysfunctions of a social complex system and/or a techno-natural system that take forms of ‘normal accidents’, ‘collateral damage’, etc. It is stated that main challenges of vulnerabilities lie in the domination of pragmatic values of mod-ern knowledge. Along with changes a new kind of development in the form of metamorphosis, presupposing non-linear transfor-mations, has come into our life that adds much to the complex character of risks and vulnerabilities. The answer to these challeng-es the author sees in the humanistic turn that might give as a valid knowledge of complex risks and vulnerabilities as well as grounds for better futures that people want.
Sergey Kravchenko. The Becoming of Non-Linear Knowledge: New Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Hopes. Montenegrin Journal of Economics 2018, 14, 191 -202.
AMA StyleSergey Kravchenko. The Becoming of Non-Linear Knowledge: New Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Hopes. Montenegrin Journal of Economics. 2018; 14 (4):191-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergey Kravchenko. 2018. "The Becoming of Non-Linear Knowledge: New Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Hopes." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 14, no. 4: 191-202.
The article considers the non-linear knowledge as the result of the ‘arrow of time’ effect (I. Prigogine) that determined the new realities in which everything develops increasingly quicker and in a more complex way. The author extends the impact of this effect to the dynamics of knowledge and shows that the modern knowledge acquires the quality of reflexivity and takes on a completely new vector of non-linear development within the so-called ‘turns’ in the history of science. The transition from linear to non-linear knowledge determines more complex manufactured risks including the threat of dehumanization described in the article. The monitoring of these risks implies that the value-oriented non-linear knowledge should be taken into account not only by natural, technical and social sciences but also by the humanities. Among new challenges to the humanity there are vulnerabilities manifested in the increasing structural dysfunctions of complex social and/or techno-natural systems in the form of ‘normal accidents’, ‘collateral damage’, etc. The author believes that key challenges of such vulnerabilities are determined by the dominant pragmatic values of modern knowledge. There is also a new type of development in the form of metamorphosis leading to non-linear transformations, which aggravates the complex character of modern risks and vulnerabilities. The author finds answers to these challenges in the humanistic turn that can ensure the valid knowledge of complex risks and vulnerabilities together with the grounds for better future that people want.
S.A. Kravchenko. The development of non-linear knowledge: New risks, vulnerabilities, and hopes. RUDN Journal of Sociology 2018, 18, 195 -207.
AMA StyleS.A. Kravchenko. The development of non-linear knowledge: New risks, vulnerabilities, and hopes. RUDN Journal of Sociology. 2018; 18 (2):195-207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.A. Kravchenko. 2018. "The development of non-linear knowledge: New risks, vulnerabilities, and hopes." RUDN Journal of Sociology 18, no. 2: 195-207.
The article analyzes the phenomenon of ‘new’ catastrophes determined by the specifics of contemporary vulnerabilities, i.e. the growing structural dysfunction of the complex system of society and/or techno-natural system. The authors show that this dysfunctionality is caused by both human activities and the system’s internal reflexivity; it depends on system’s ability to bear external and internal burdens of emergent and turbulent nature, which implies the uncertainty of catastrophes. The article emphasizes that the majority of ‘new’ disasters manifest in ‘liquid’ forms, which leads to the growth of permanent uncertainties in all spheres of life, while there are obvious limitations in the use of modern scientific knowledge for managing complex vulnerabilities. Many scientific innovations within the paradigm of ‘new catastrophism’ aim to study the emerging social-natural realities to find ways to minimize vulnerabilities. The authors show such ways on the example of new sociological approaches to the analysis of climate changes, ‘dead land’, ‘dead water’, and ‘normal accidents’. The efficiency of such approaches is determined by the integration of social and natural sciences achievements and by interdisciplinary efforts to develop principles of non-linear knowledge. However, the weakness of these approaches is determined by the focus on principles of formalism and pragmatism that limit the potential of the humanities. The authors call for a humanistic turn that would combine scientific, social and humanitarian knowledge, and allow to over-come ideology and practices of anthropocentrism so as to ensure a new humanism necessary to minimize consequences of ‘new’ catastrophes and to develop the humanistic strategy for the future.
S.A Kravchenko; A.E. Perova. “NEW CATASTROPHISM” AND THE FUTURE: THE DEMAND FOR NON-LINEAR KNOWLEDGE. RUDN Journal of Sociology 2017, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleS.A Kravchenko, A.E. Perova. “NEW CATASTROPHISM” AND THE FUTURE: THE DEMAND FOR NON-LINEAR KNOWLEDGE. RUDN Journal of Sociology. 2017; 17 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.A Kravchenko; A.E. Perova. 2017. "“NEW CATASTROPHISM” AND THE FUTURE: THE DEMAND FOR NON-LINEAR KNOWLEDGE." RUDN Journal of Sociology 17, no. 4: 1.