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Shaden Khalifa
Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

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Review
Published: 06 August 2021 in Molecules
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Ruta L. is a typical genus of the citrus family, Rutaceae Juss. and comprises ca. 40 different species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. Ruta species have long been used in traditional medicines as an abortifacient and emmenagogue and for the treatment of lung diseases and microbial infections. The genus Ruta is rich in essential oils, which predominantly contain aliphatic ketones, e.g., 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone, but lack any significant amounts of terpenes. Three Ruta species, Ruta chalepensis L., Ruta graveolens L., and Ruta montana L., have been extensively studied for the composition of their essential oils and several bioactivities, revealing their potential medicinal and agrochemical applications. This review provides a systematic evaluation and critical appraisal of publications available in the literature on the composition and bioactivities of the essential oils obtained from Ruta species and includes a brief outlook of the potential applications of nanotechnology and chitosan-based products of Ruta essential oils.

ACS Style

Lutfun Nahar; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Majid Mohammadhosseini; Satyajit Sarker. Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities. Molecules 2021, 26, 4766 .

AMA Style

Lutfun Nahar, Hesham El-Seedi, Shaden Khalifa, Majid Mohammadhosseini, Satyajit Sarker. Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities. Molecules. 2021; 26 (16):4766.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lutfun Nahar; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Majid Mohammadhosseini; Satyajit Sarker. 2021. "Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities." Molecules 26, no. 16: 4766.

Review
Published: 31 July 2021 in Insects
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Pollination plays a significant role in the agriculture sector and serves as a basic pillar for crop production. Plants depend on vectors to move pollen, which can include water, wind, and animal pollinators like bats, moths, hoverflies, birds, bees, butterflies, wasps, thrips, and beetles. Cultivated plants are typically pollinated by animals. Animal-based pollination contributes to 30% of global food production, and bee-pollinated crops contribute to approximately one-third of the total human dietary supply. Bees are considered significant pollinators due to their effectiveness and wide availability. Bee pollination provides excellent value to crop quality and quantity, improving global economic and dietary outcomes. This review highlights the role played by bee pollination, which influences the economy, and enlists the different types of bees and other insects associated with pollination.

ACS Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Esraa H. Elshafiey; Aya A. Shetaia; Aida A. Abd El-Wahed; Ahmed F. Algethami; Syed G. Musharraf; Mohamed F. AlAjmi; Chao Zhao; Saad H. D. Masry; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Mohammed F. Halabi; Guoyin Kai; Yahya Al Naggar; Mokhtar Bishr; Mohamed A. M. Diab; Hesham R. El-Seedi. Overview of Bee Pollination and Its Economic Value for Crop Production. Insects 2021, 12, 688 .

AMA Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Esraa H. Elshafiey, Aya A. Shetaia, Aida A. Abd El-Wahed, Ahmed F. Algethami, Syed G. Musharraf, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, Chao Zhao, Saad H. D. Masry, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Mohammed F. Halabi, Guoyin Kai, Yahya Al Naggar, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed A. M. Diab, Hesham R. El-Seedi. Overview of Bee Pollination and Its Economic Value for Crop Production. Insects. 2021; 12 (8):688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Esraa H. Elshafiey; Aya A. Shetaia; Aida A. Abd El-Wahed; Ahmed F. Algethami; Syed G. Musharraf; Mohamed F. AlAjmi; Chao Zhao; Saad H. D. Masry; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Mohammed F. Halabi; Guoyin Kai; Yahya Al Naggar; Mokhtar Bishr; Mohamed A. M. Diab; Hesham R. El-Seedi. 2021. "Overview of Bee Pollination and Its Economic Value for Crop Production." Insects 12, no. 8: 688.

Review
Published: 31 July 2021 in Foods
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Propolis, a resin produced by honeybees, has long been used as a dietary supplement and folk remedy, and more recent preclinical investigations have demonstrated a large spectrum of potential therapeutic bioactivities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antiviral properties. As an antiviral agent, propolis and various constituents have shown promising preclinical efficacy against adenoviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory tract viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over 300 chemical components have been identified in propolis, including terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with the specific constituent profile varying widely according to geographic origin and regional flora. Propolis and its constituents have demonstrated potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 by modulating multiple pathogenic and antiviral pathways. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated high binding affinities of propolis derivatives to multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including 3C-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S-protein), and helicase (NSP13), as well as to the viral target angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Among these compounds, retusapurpurin A has shown high affinity to 3CLpro (ΔG = −9.4 kcal/mol), RdRp (−7.5), RBD (−7.2), NSP13 (−9.4), and ACE2 (−10.4) and potent inhibition of viral entry by forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues within viral and human target proteins. In addition, propolis-derived baccharin demonstrated even higher binding affinity towards PLpro (−8.2 kcal/mol). Measures of drug-likeness parameters, including metabolism, distribution, absorption, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics, also support the potential of propolis as an effective agent to combat COVID-19.

ACS Style

Nermeen Yosri; Aida A. Abd El-Wahed; Reem Ghonaim; Omar M. Khattab; Aya Sabry; Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim; Mahmoud F. Moustafa; Zhiming Guo; Xiaobo Zou; Ahmed F. M. Algethami; Saad H. D. Masry; Mohamed F. AlAjmi; Hanan S. Afifi; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi. Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2. Foods 2021, 10, 1776 .

AMA Style

Nermeen Yosri, Aida A. Abd El-Wahed, Reem Ghonaim, Omar M. Khattab, Aya Sabry, Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim, Mahmoud F. Moustafa, Zhiming Guo, Xiaobo Zou, Ahmed F. M. Algethami, Saad H. D. Masry, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, Hanan S. Afifi, Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Hesham R. El-Seedi. Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2. Foods. 2021; 10 (8):1776.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nermeen Yosri; Aida A. Abd El-Wahed; Reem Ghonaim; Omar M. Khattab; Aya Sabry; Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim; Mahmoud F. Moustafa; Zhiming Guo; Xiaobo Zou; Ahmed F. M. Algethami; Saad H. D. Masry; Mohamed F. AlAjmi; Hanan S. Afifi; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi. 2021. "Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2." Foods 10, no. 8: 1776.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Metabolites
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The discovery and identification of novel natural products of medicinal importance in the herbal medicine industry becomes a challenge. The complexity of this process can be reduced by dereplication strategies. The current study includes a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) to identify the 12 most common secondary metabolites in plant extracts. Twelve compounds including rutin, taxifolin, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, betulin, lupeol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were analyzed simultaneously. The polarity of the compounds varied greatly from highly polar (flavonoids) to non-polar (triterpenes and sterols). This method was also tested for HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid could not be separated in HPLC-ELSD analysis but were differentiated using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis due to different fragment ions. The regression values (R2 > 0.996) showed good linearity in the range of 50–1000 µg/mL for all compounds. The range of LOD and LOQ values were 7.76–38.30 µg/mL and 23.52–116.06 µg/mL, respectively. %RSD and % trueness values of inter and intraday studies were mostly <10%. This method was applied on 10 species of medicinal plants. The dereplication strategy has the potential to facilitate and shorten the identification process of common secondary metabolites in complex plant extracts.

ACS Style

Kiran Ali; Arslan Ali; Muhammad Khan; Saeedur Rahman; Shaheen Faizi; Muhammad Ali; Shaden Khalifa; Hesham El-Seedi; Syed Musharraf. Rapid Identification of Common Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Herbs Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector in Extracts. Metabolites 2021, 11, 489 .

AMA Style

Kiran Ali, Arslan Ali, Muhammad Khan, Saeedur Rahman, Shaheen Faizi, Muhammad Ali, Shaden Khalifa, Hesham El-Seedi, Syed Musharraf. Rapid Identification of Common Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Herbs Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector in Extracts. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (8):489.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kiran Ali; Arslan Ali; Muhammad Khan; Saeedur Rahman; Shaheen Faizi; Muhammad Ali; Shaden Khalifa; Hesham El-Seedi; Syed Musharraf. 2021. "Rapid Identification of Common Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Herbs Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector in Extracts." Metabolites 11, no. 8: 489.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2021 in Marine Drugs
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The coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 150 million people, while over 3.25 million people have died from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As there are no established therapies for COVID-19 treatment, drugs that inhibit viral replication are a promising target; specifically, the main protease (Mpro) that process CoV-encoded polyproteins serves as an Achilles heel for assembly of replication-transcription machinery as well as down-stream viral replication. In the search for potential antiviral drugs that target Mpro, a series of cembranoid diterpenes from the biologically active soft-coral genus Sarcophyton have been examined as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. Over 360 metabolites from the genus were screened using molecular docking calculations. Promising diterpenes were further characterized by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding energy calculations. According to in silico calculations, five cembranoid diterpenes manifested adequate binding affinities as Mpro inhibitors with ΔGbinding< −33.0 kcal/mol. Binding energy and structural analyses of the most potent Sarcophyton inhibitor, bislatumlide A (340), was compared to darunavir, an HIV protease inhibitor that has been recently subjected to clinical-trial as an anti-COVID-19 drug. In silico analysis indicates that 340 has a higher binding affinity against Mpro than darunavir with ΔGbinding values of −43.8 and −34.8 kcal/mol, respectively throughout 100 ns MD simulations. Drug-likeness calculations revealed robust bioavailability and protein-protein interactions were identified for 340; biochemical signaling genes included ACE, MAPK14 and ESR1 as identified based on a STRING database. Pathway enrichment analysis combined with reactome mining revealed that 340 has the capability to re-modulate the p38 MAPK pathway hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 and antagonize injurious effects. These findings justify further in vivo and in vitro testing of 340 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.

ACS Style

Mahmoud Ibrahim; Alaa Abdelrahman; Mohamed Atia; Tarik Mohamed; Mahmoud Moustafa; Abdulrahim Hakami; Shaden Khalifa; Fahad Alhumaydhi; Faris Alrumaihi; Syed Abidi; Khaled Allemailem; Thomas Efferth; Mahmoud Soliman; Paul Paré; Hesham El-Seedi; Mohamed-Elamir Hegazy. Blue Biotechnology: Computational Screening of Sarcophyton Cembranoid Diterpenes for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition. Marine Drugs 2021, 19, 391 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud Ibrahim, Alaa Abdelrahman, Mohamed Atia, Tarik Mohamed, Mahmoud Moustafa, Abdulrahim Hakami, Shaden Khalifa, Fahad Alhumaydhi, Faris Alrumaihi, Syed Abidi, Khaled Allemailem, Thomas Efferth, Mahmoud Soliman, Paul Paré, Hesham El-Seedi, Mohamed-Elamir Hegazy. Blue Biotechnology: Computational Screening of Sarcophyton Cembranoid Diterpenes for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition. Marine Drugs. 2021; 19 (7):391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud Ibrahim; Alaa Abdelrahman; Mohamed Atia; Tarik Mohamed; Mahmoud Moustafa; Abdulrahim Hakami; Shaden Khalifa; Fahad Alhumaydhi; Faris Alrumaihi; Syed Abidi; Khaled Allemailem; Thomas Efferth; Mahmoud Soliman; Paul Paré; Hesham El-Seedi; Mohamed-Elamir Hegazy. 2021. "Blue Biotechnology: Computational Screening of Sarcophyton Cembranoid Diterpenes for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7: 391.

Review
Published: 31 May 2021 in Nutrients
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Bee pollen is a combination of plant pollen and honeybee secretions and nectar. The Bible and ancient Egyptian texts are documented proof of its use in public health. It is considered a gold mine of nutrition due to its active components that have significant health and medicinal properties. Bee pollen contains bioactive compounds including proteins, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols. The vital components of bee pollen enhance different bodily functions and offer protection against many diseases. It is generally marketed as a functional food with affordable and inexpensive prices with promising future industrial potentials. This review highlights the dietary properties of bee pollen and its influence on human health, and its applications in the food industry.

ACS Style

Shaden Khalifa; Mohamed Elashal; Nermeen Yosri; Ming Du; Syed Musharraf; Lutfun Nahar; Satyajit Sarker; Zhiming Guo; Wei Cao; Xiaobo Zou; Aida Abd El-Wahed; Jianbo Xiao; Hany Omar; Mohamed-Elamir Hegazy; Hesham El-Seedi. Bee Pollen: Current Status and Therapeutic Potential. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1876 .

AMA Style

Shaden Khalifa, Mohamed Elashal, Nermeen Yosri, Ming Du, Syed Musharraf, Lutfun Nahar, Satyajit Sarker, Zhiming Guo, Wei Cao, Xiaobo Zou, Aida Abd El-Wahed, Jianbo Xiao, Hany Omar, Mohamed-Elamir Hegazy, Hesham El-Seedi. Bee Pollen: Current Status and Therapeutic Potential. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (6):1876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaden Khalifa; Mohamed Elashal; Nermeen Yosri; Ming Du; Syed Musharraf; Lutfun Nahar; Satyajit Sarker; Zhiming Guo; Wei Cao; Xiaobo Zou; Aida Abd El-Wahed; Jianbo Xiao; Hany Omar; Mohamed-Elamir Hegazy; Hesham El-Seedi. 2021. "Bee Pollen: Current Status and Therapeutic Potential." Nutrients 13, no. 6: 1876.

Review
Published: 25 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious challenge for societies around the globe as entire populations have fallen victim to the infectious spread and have taken up social distancing. In many countries, people have had to self-isolate and to be confined to their homes for several weeks to months to prevent the spread of the virus. Social distancing measures have had both negative and positive impacts on various aspects of economies, lifestyles, education, transportation, food supply, health, social life, and mental wellbeing. On other hands, due to reduced population movements and the decline in human activities, gas emissions decreased and the ozone layer improved; this had a positive impact on Earth’s weather and environment. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on human activities and positive impacts on nature. This study discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different life aspects including the economy, social life, health, education, and the environment.

ACS Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Mahmoud M. Swilam; Aida A. Abd El-Wahed; Ming Du; Haged H. R. El-Seedi; Guoyin Kai; Saad H. D. Masry; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Xiaobo Zou; Mohammed F. Halabi; Sultan M. Alsharif; Hesham R. El-Seedi. Beyond the Pandemic: COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Face of Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5645 .

AMA Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Mahmoud M. Swilam, Aida A. Abd El-Wahed, Ming Du, Haged H. R. El-Seedi, Guoyin Kai, Saad H. D. Masry, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Xiaobo Zou, Mohammed F. Halabi, Sultan M. Alsharif, Hesham R. El-Seedi. Beyond the Pandemic: COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Face of Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Mahmoud M. Swilam; Aida A. Abd El-Wahed; Ming Du; Haged H. R. El-Seedi; Guoyin Kai; Saad H. D. Masry; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Xiaobo Zou; Mohammed F. Halabi; Sultan M. Alsharif; Hesham R. El-Seedi. 2021. "Beyond the Pandemic: COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Face of Life." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5645.

Review
Published: 24 April 2021 in Marine Drugs
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Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

ACS Style

Shaden Khalifa; Eslam Shedid; Essa Saied; Amir Jassbi; Fatemeh Jamebozorgi; Mostafa Rateb; Ming Du; Mohamed Abdel-Daim; Guo-Yin Kai; Montaser Al-Hammady; Jianbo Xiao; Zhiming Guo; Hesham El-Seedi. Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications. Marine Drugs 2021, 19, 241 .

AMA Style

Shaden Khalifa, Eslam Shedid, Essa Saied, Amir Jassbi, Fatemeh Jamebozorgi, Mostafa Rateb, Ming Du, Mohamed Abdel-Daim, Guo-Yin Kai, Montaser Al-Hammady, Jianbo Xiao, Zhiming Guo, Hesham El-Seedi. Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications. Marine Drugs. 2021; 19 (5):241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaden Khalifa; Eslam Shedid; Essa Saied; Amir Jassbi; Fatemeh Jamebozorgi; Mostafa Rateb; Ming Du; Mohamed Abdel-Daim; Guo-Yin Kai; Montaser Al-Hammady; Jianbo Xiao; Zhiming Guo; Hesham El-Seedi. 2021. "Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications." Marine Drugs 19, no. 5: 241.

Review
Published: 07 March 2021 in Biomolecules
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Cancer is a major burden of disease globally. Each year, tens of millions of people are diagnosed with cancer worldwide, and more than half of the patients eventually die from it. Significant advances have been noticed in cancer treatment, but the mortality and incidence rates of cancers are still high. Thus, there is a growing research interest in developing more effective and less toxic cancer treatment approaches. Curcumin (CUR), the major active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has gained great research interest as an antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory agent. This natural compound shows its anticancer effect through several pathways including interfering with multiple cellular mechanisms and inhibiting/inducing the generation of multiple cytokines, enzymes, or growth factors including IκB kinase β (IκKβ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), cyclooxygenase II (COX-2), protein kinase D1 (PKD1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), epidermal growth factor, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Interestingly, the anticancer activity of CUR has been limited primarily due to its poor water solubility, which can lead to low chemical stability, low oral bioavailability, and low cellular uptake. Delivering drugs at a controlled rate, slow delivery, and targeted delivery are other very attractive methods and have been pursued vigorously. Multiple CUR nanoformulations have also been developed so far to ameliorate solubility and bioavailability of CUR and to provide protection to CUR against hydrolysis inactivation. In this review, we have summarized the anticancer activity of CUR against several cancers, for example, gastrointestinal, head and neck, brain, pancreatic, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. In addition, we have also focused on the findings obtained from multiple experimental and clinical studies regarding the anticancer effect of CUR in animal models, human subjects, and cancer cell lines.

ACS Style

Tanvir Kabir; Habibur Rahman; Rokeya Akter; Tapan Behl; Deepak Kaushik; Vineet Mittal; Parijat Pandey; Muhammad Akhtar; Ammara Saleem; Ghadeer Albadrani; Mohamed Kamel; Shaden Khalifa; Hesham El-Seedi; Mohamed Abdel-Daim. Potential Role of Curcumin and Its Nanoformulations to Treat Various Types of Cancers. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 392 .

AMA Style

Tanvir Kabir, Habibur Rahman, Rokeya Akter, Tapan Behl, Deepak Kaushik, Vineet Mittal, Parijat Pandey, Muhammad Akhtar, Ammara Saleem, Ghadeer Albadrani, Mohamed Kamel, Shaden Khalifa, Hesham El-Seedi, Mohamed Abdel-Daim. Potential Role of Curcumin and Its Nanoformulations to Treat Various Types of Cancers. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (3):392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tanvir Kabir; Habibur Rahman; Rokeya Akter; Tapan Behl; Deepak Kaushik; Vineet Mittal; Parijat Pandey; Muhammad Akhtar; Ammara Saleem; Ghadeer Albadrani; Mohamed Kamel; Shaden Khalifa; Hesham El-Seedi; Mohamed Abdel-Daim. 2021. "Potential Role of Curcumin and Its Nanoformulations to Treat Various Types of Cancers." Biomolecules 11, no. 3: 392.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Genes
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are common chronic diseases mainly associated with the development and progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) leading to morbidity and mortality. Gene polymorphisms linked to the renin–angiotensin (AGT)–aldosterone system (RAAS) were broadly inspected in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association of AGT gene polymorphisms (rs699 and rs4762) with ESRD in T2DM hypertensive Egyptian patients. Genotyping of rs699 and rs4762 was conducted using the tetra-primers amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR). The allelic distribution analysis was performed on 103 healthy control subjects, 97 non-ESRD patients, and 104 patients with ESRD. The allelic frequencies of AGT gene polymorphisms (rs4762 and rs699) in all study participants were assessed. For the non-ESRD group, the frequencies of the alleles of AGT-rs4762 (χ 2 = 31.88, p < 0.001, OR = 5.17, CI 95%: 2.81–9.51) and AGT-rs699 (χ 2 = 4.85, p = 0.027, OR = 1.56, CI 95%: 1.05–2.33) were significantly associated with the non-ESRD group. However, for the ESRD group, the T allele was significantly higher than that in the controls (χ 2 = 24.97, p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 4.35, CI 95%: 2.36–8.02). Moreover, AGT (rs699) genotypes showed no significant difference between the ESRD group and controls. In conclusion, AGT gene polymorphisms rs699 and rs4762 were associated with non-ESRD versus controls, without any significant risk observed in all patient groups. However, the AGT (rs4762) variant showed a significant risk in the ESRD group in comparison to controls in Egyptians.

ACS Style

Islam El-Garawani; Eman Shaheen; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Gaber Mersal; Mahmoud Emara; Zeinab Kasemy. Angiotensinogen Gene Missense Polymorphisms (rs699 and rs4762): The Association of End-Stage Renal Failure Risk with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in Egyptians. Genes 2021, 12, 339 .

AMA Style

Islam El-Garawani, Eman Shaheen, Hesham El-Seedi, Shaden Khalifa, Gaber Mersal, Mahmoud Emara, Zeinab Kasemy. Angiotensinogen Gene Missense Polymorphisms (rs699 and rs4762): The Association of End-Stage Renal Failure Risk with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in Egyptians. Genes. 2021; 12 (3):339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam El-Garawani; Eman Shaheen; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Gaber Mersal; Mahmoud Emara; Zeinab Kasemy. 2021. "Angiotensinogen Gene Missense Polymorphisms (rs699 and rs4762): The Association of End-Stage Renal Failure Risk with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in Egyptians." Genes 12, no. 3: 339.

Review
Published: 25 February 2021 in Biomolecules
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradually growing irreversible illness of the brain that almost affects every fifth person (aged > 80 years) in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) also revealed that the prevalence of this disease will enhance (upto double) significantly upto 2030. The poor cholinergic transmission at the synapse is considered to be one of the main reasons behind the progression and occurrence of this disorder. Natural inhibitors of acetylcholine (ACh) such as galanthamine and rivastigmine are used commercially in the treatmentof AD. The biomolecules such assesquiterpenes, possess a great structural diversity and are responsible for a plethora of pharmacological properties. The potential of various sesquiterpenes as anticholinesterase has been reviewed in this article. For this purpose, the various databases, mainly PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were investigatedwith different keywords such as “sesquiterpenes+acetylcholinesterase” and “sesquiterpenes+cholinesterase+inhibitors” in the surveyed time frame (2010–2020). A vast literature was evident in the last decade, which affirms the potential of various sesquiterpenes in the improvement of cholinergic transmission by inhibiting the AChE. After data analysis, it was found that 12 compounds out of a total of 58 sesquiterpenes were reported to possess IC50 < 9 μM and can be considered as potential candidates for the improvement of learning and memory. Sesquiterpene is an important category of terpenoids, found to possess a large spectrum of biological activities. The outcome of the review clearly states that sesquiterpenes (such as amberboin, lipidiol, etc.) from herbs could offer fresh, functional compounds for possible prevention and treatment of AD.

ACS Style

Ashwani Arya; Rubal Chahal; Rekha Rao; Habibur Rahman; Deepak Kaushik; Muhammad Akhtar; Ammara Saleem; Shaden Khalifa; Hesham El-Seedi; Mohamed Kamel; Ghadeer Albadrani; Mohamed Abdel-Daim; Vineet Mittal. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 350 .

AMA Style

Ashwani Arya, Rubal Chahal, Rekha Rao, Habibur Rahman, Deepak Kaushik, Muhammad Akhtar, Ammara Saleem, Shaden Khalifa, Hesham El-Seedi, Mohamed Kamel, Ghadeer Albadrani, Mohamed Abdel-Daim, Vineet Mittal. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (3):350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ashwani Arya; Rubal Chahal; Rekha Rao; Habibur Rahman; Deepak Kaushik; Muhammad Akhtar; Ammara Saleem; Shaden Khalifa; Hesham El-Seedi; Mohamed Kamel; Ghadeer Albadrani; Mohamed Abdel-Daim; Vineet Mittal. 2021. "Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy." Biomolecules 11, no. 3: 350.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Antioxidants
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Arabic gum (Acacia senegal, AG) is proven effective antioxidant and cytoprotective agent. The present study was designed to test this notion by investigating the possible role of AG against the radiographic contrast medium (Ioxitalamate, Telebrix-35®, TBX)-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Albino rats were divided into four groups and supplied with either; distilled water, daily 10% (w/v) AG, an intravenous dose of TBX (1600 mg I/kg b.wt) and co-administration of TBX and AG. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to assess the genotoxicity employing the peripheral blood leucocytes fluorescent double staining; namely the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and alkaline comet assay. Further, chromosomal analyses were done in bone marrow cells. Serum urea and creatinine levels, in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney tissues were measured. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS-MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of AG extract. Kidney functions, single/double-stranded DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index, MDA and NO levels were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in TBX-treated group compared to the control and AG-treated one. Meanwhile, CAT and GSH activities were significantly diminished and the AG supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated these effects compared with the control and AG-treated groups. Five compounds have been identified using GNPS networking including 7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, Noscapine, Tetrahydropapaveroline, Costunolide, Hesperidin. In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that AG exerted a protective role against TBX-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity which may be attributed to the active metabolites in the gum.

ACS Style

Islam El-Garawani; Sobhy Hassab El-Nabi; Ahmed El Kattan; Azza Sallam; Sabha Elballat; Shaimaa Abou-Ghanima; Islam H. El Azab; Hesham R. El-Seedi; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Sawsan El-Shamy. The Ameliorative Role of Acacia senegal Gum against the Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by the Radiographic Contrast Medium (Ioxitalamate) in Albino Rats. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 221 .

AMA Style

Islam El-Garawani, Sobhy Hassab El-Nabi, Ahmed El Kattan, Azza Sallam, Sabha Elballat, Shaimaa Abou-Ghanima, Islam H. El Azab, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Sawsan El-Shamy. The Ameliorative Role of Acacia senegal Gum against the Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by the Radiographic Contrast Medium (Ioxitalamate) in Albino Rats. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (2):221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam El-Garawani; Sobhy Hassab El-Nabi; Ahmed El Kattan; Azza Sallam; Sabha Elballat; Shaimaa Abou-Ghanima; Islam H. El Azab; Hesham R. El-Seedi; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Sawsan El-Shamy. 2021. "The Ameliorative Role of Acacia senegal Gum against the Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by the Radiographic Contrast Medium (Ioxitalamate) in Albino Rats." Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 221.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Pharmaceutics
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The usage of insects as a sustainable and functional natural products resource is a new promise in complementary and alternative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of Musca domestica (housefly) larval hemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The oxidative stress (OS) was elicited by inducing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment as an exogenous stressor. Determination of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and protein expressions of SOD1, was investigated as confirmatory markers of oxidative stress induction. Cytotoxicity on cancerous MCF-7 and normal Vero cells were also evaluated using an MTT assay at 24 h post-injection. The injection of LPS induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SOD, GSH and TAC, whereas, the MDA was diminished. Hemolymph was collected from normal and treated larvae after 6, 12 and 24 h. The M. domestica superoxide dismutase (MdSOD1) transcripts were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated 6 and 12 h post-treatment, while a significant downregulation was observed after 24 h. Western blot analysis showed that MdSOD1 was expressed in the hemolymph of the treated larvae with an increase of 1.2 folds at 6 and 12 h and 1.6 folds at 24 h relative to the control group. LPS-treated larval hemolymphs exhibited significant cytotoxicity with respect to the untreated ones against MCF-7 while Vero cells showed no cytotoxicity for both hemolymphs. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined and a significant antioxidant potential potency was observed at 6 h (50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 63.3 ± 3.51 µg/mL) when compared to the control M. domestica larval hemolymph (IC50: 611.7 ± 10.41 µg/mL). Taken together, M. domestica larval hemolymph exhibited enhanced antioxidant and consequently increased cytotoxic capacities under stressed conditions.

ACS Style

Islam El-Garawani; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Islam H. El Azab; Marwa Abouhendia; Shaymaa Mahmoud. Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected Musca domestica Larvae. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 1111 .

AMA Style

Islam El-Garawani, Hesham El-Seedi, Shaden Khalifa, Islam H. El Azab, Marwa Abouhendia, Shaymaa Mahmoud. Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected Musca domestica Larvae. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12 (11):1111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam El-Garawani; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Islam H. El Azab; Marwa Abouhendia; Shaymaa Mahmoud. 2020. "Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected Musca domestica Larvae." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11: 1111.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2020 in Antioxidants
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The current study investigated the protective potential of Azolla pinnate ethanolic extract (APE) against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10). The control group was orally administrated with saline. The second group received lead acetate (100 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally for 60 days). The third group was fed with APE (10 mg/kg BW orally for 60 days). The fourth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group and APE like the third group, concomitantly, for 60 days. The fifth group was administrated with APE like the third group for 30 days, then orally administrated with the lead acetate like the second group for another 30 days. The sixth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group for 30 days, then with APE like the third group for a further 30 days. Phytochemical analysis of APE indicated the presence of peonidin 3-O-glucoside cation, vitexin, rutin, thiamine, choline, tamarixetin, hyperoside, astragalin, and quercetin. The latter has been elucidated using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). Lead acetate increased the serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and that of urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1β, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde contents, and caspase 3 protein expression, as well as altering the hepatic tissue architecture. However, it decreased the serum levels of interleukin 10 and glutathione (GSH) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic tissue. In contrast, the administration of APE ameliorated the lead-induced alterations in liver function and structure, exemplifying the benefits of Azolla’s phytochemical contents. Collectively, A. pinnate extract is a protective and curative agent against lead-induced hepatotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.

ACS Style

Ahmed Shaaban Abd Elrasoul; Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa; Sahar Hassan Orabi; Mostafa Abd El-Gaber Mohamed; Shaban M. Gad-Allah; Rafa Almeer; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi; Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Azolla pinnata Ethanolic Extract against Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1014 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Shaaban Abd Elrasoul, Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa, Sahar Hassan Orabi, Mostafa Abd El-Gaber Mohamed, Shaban M. Gad-Allah, Rafa Almeer, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Azolla pinnata Ethanolic Extract against Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (10):1014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Shaaban Abd Elrasoul; Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa; Sahar Hassan Orabi; Mostafa Abd El-Gaber Mohamed; Shaban M. Gad-Allah; Rafa Almeer; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi; Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim. 2020. "Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Azolla pinnata Ethanolic Extract against Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats." Antioxidants 9, no. 10: 1014.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in Molecules
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The plant Psychotria malayana Jack belongs to the Rubiaceae family and is known in Malaysia as “meroyan sakat/salung”. A rapid analytical technique to facilitate the evaluation of the P. malayana leaves’ quality has not been well-established yet. This work aimed therefore to develop a validated analytical technique in order to predict the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory action (AGI) of P. malayana leaves, applying a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprint and utilizing an orthogonal partial least square (OPLS). The dried leaf extracts were prepared by sonication of different ratios of methanol-water solvent (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v) prior to the assessment of alpha-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) and the following infrared spectroscopy. The correlation between the biological activity and the spectral data was evaluated using multivariate data analysis (MVDA). The 100% methanol extract possessed the highest inhibitory activity against the alpha-glucosidase (IC50 2.83 ± 0.32 μg/mL). Different bioactive functional groups, including hydroxyl (O-H), alkenyl (C=C), methylene (C-H), carbonyl (C=O), and secondary amine (N-H) groups, were detected by the multivariate analysis. These functional groups actively induced the alpha-glucosidase inhibition effect. This finding demonstrated the spectrum profile of the FTIR for the natural herb P. malayana Jack, further confirming its medicinal value. The developed validated model can be used to predict the AGI of P. malayana, which will be useful as a tool in the plant’s quality control.

ACS Style

Tanzina Sharmin Nipun; Alfi Khatib; Qamar Uddin Ahmed; Irna Elina Redzwan; Zalikha Ibrahim; Al’Aina Yuhainis Firus Khan; Riesta Primaharinastiti; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting. Molecules 2020, 25, 4161 .

AMA Style

Tanzina Sharmin Nipun, Alfi Khatib, Qamar Uddin Ahmed, Irna Elina Redzwan, Zalikha Ibrahim, Al’Aina Yuhainis Firus Khan, Riesta Primaharinastiti, Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Hesham R. El-Seedi. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting. Molecules. 2020; 25 (18):4161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tanzina Sharmin Nipun; Alfi Khatib; Qamar Uddin Ahmed; Irna Elina Redzwan; Zalikha Ibrahim; Al’Aina Yuhainis Firus Khan; Riesta Primaharinastiti; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi. 2020. "Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting." Molecules 25, no. 18: 4161.

Review
Published: 11 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Lately, myriad of novel viruses have emerged causing epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, these viruses represented a challenging threat to mankind, especially considering the miniscule data available at our disposal regarding these novel viruses. The entire world established coordinative relations in research projects regarding drug and vaccine development on the external range, whereas on the internal range, all countries declared it an emergency case through imposing different restrictions related to their border control, large gatherings, school attendance, and most social activities. Pandemic combating plans prioritized all sectors including normal people, medical staff politicians, and scientists collectively shouldered the burden. Through planning and learning the previous lessons from SARS and MERS, healthcare systems could succeed in combating the viral spread and implications of these new pandemics. Different management strategies including social distance, social awareness and isolation represented successful ways to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, pre-preparedness of some countries for emergencies is crucial to minimize the consequences of the crisis.

ACS Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Briksam S. Mohamed; Mohamed H. Elashal; Ming Du; Zhiming Guo; Chao Zhao; Syed Ghulam Musharraf; Mohammad H. Boskabady; Haged H. R. El-Seedi; Thomas Efferth; Hesham R. El-Seedi. Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5813 .

AMA Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Briksam S. Mohamed, Mohamed H. Elashal, Ming Du, Zhiming Guo, Chao Zhao, Syed Ghulam Musharraf, Mohammad H. Boskabady, Haged H. R. El-Seedi, Thomas Efferth, Hesham R. El-Seedi. Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5813.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Briksam S. Mohamed; Mohamed H. Elashal; Ming Du; Zhiming Guo; Chao Zhao; Syed Ghulam Musharraf; Mohammad H. Boskabady; Haged H. R. El-Seedi; Thomas Efferth; Hesham R. El-Seedi. 2020. "Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5813.

Review
Published: 11 July 2020 in Toxins
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Bee venom (BV) is a rich source of secondary metabolites from honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients including peptides, proteins, enzymes, and volatile metabolites. The compounds contribute to the venom’s observed biological functions as per its anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The antimicrobial action of BV has been shown in vitro and in vivo experiments against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The synergistic therapeutic interactions of BV with antibiotics has been reported. The synergistic effect contributes to a decrease in the loading and maintenance dosage, a decrease in the side effects of chemotherapy, and a decrease in drug resistance. To our knowledge, there have been no reviews on the impact of BV and its antimicrobial constituents thus far. The purpose of this review is to address the antimicrobial properties of BV and its compounds.

ACS Style

Hesham El-Seedi; Aida Abd El-Wahed; Nermeen Yosri; Syed Ghulam Musharraf; Lei Chen; Moustafa Moustafa; Xiaobo Zou; Saleh Al-Mousawi; Zhiming Guo; Alfi Khatib; Shaden Khalifa. Antimicrobial Properties of Apis mellifera’s Bee Venom. Toxins 2020, 12, 451 .

AMA Style

Hesham El-Seedi, Aida Abd El-Wahed, Nermeen Yosri, Syed Ghulam Musharraf, Lei Chen, Moustafa Moustafa, Xiaobo Zou, Saleh Al-Mousawi, Zhiming Guo, Alfi Khatib, Shaden Khalifa. Antimicrobial Properties of Apis mellifera’s Bee Venom. Toxins. 2020; 12 (7):451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hesham El-Seedi; Aida Abd El-Wahed; Nermeen Yosri; Syed Ghulam Musharraf; Lei Chen; Moustafa Moustafa; Xiaobo Zou; Saleh Al-Mousawi; Zhiming Guo; Alfi Khatib; Shaden Khalifa. 2020. "Antimicrobial Properties of Apis mellifera’s Bee Venom." Toxins 12, no. 7: 451.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in Molecules
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Natural products have served as primary remedies since ancient times due to their cultural acceptance and outstanding biodiversity. To investigate whether Tamarix aphylla L. modulates an inflammatory process, we carried out bioassay-guided isolation where the extracts and isolated compounds were tested for their modulatory effects on several inflammatory indicators, such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory cytokine; tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), as well as the proliferation of the lymphocyte T-cells. The aqueous ethanolic extract of the plant inhibited the intracellular ROS production, NO generation, and T-cell proliferation. The aqueous ethanolic crude extract was partitioned by liquid-liquid fractionation using n-hexane (n-C6H6), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water (H2O). The DCM and n-BuOH extracts showed the highest activity against most inflammatory indicators and were further purified to obtain compounds 1–4. The structures of 3,5-dihydroxy-4’,7-dimethoxyflavone (1) and 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester (2) from the DCM extracts; and kaempferol (3), and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-(E)-cinnamic acid (4) from the n-BuOH extract were elucidated by different spectroscopic tools, including MS, NMR, UV, and IR. Compound 2 inhibited the production of ROS and TNF-α, whereas compound 3 showed inhibitory activity against all the tested mediators. A better understanding of the potential aspect of Tamarix aphylla L. derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents could open the door for the development of advanced anti-inflammatory entities.

ACS Style

Adel S. Gadallah; Mujeeb- Ur- Rehman; Atta- Ur- Rahman; Sammer Yousuf; Atia- Tul- Wahab; Almas Jabeen; Mahmoud M. Swilam; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi; M. Iqbal Choudhary. Anti-Inflammatory Principles from Tamarix aphylla L.: A Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Study. Molecules 2020, 25, 2994 .

AMA Style

Adel S. Gadallah, Mujeeb- Ur- Rehman, Atta- Ur- Rahman, Sammer Yousuf, Atia- Tul- Wahab, Almas Jabeen, Mahmoud M. Swilam, Shaden A. M. Khalifa, Hesham R. El-Seedi, M. Iqbal Choudhary. Anti-Inflammatory Principles from Tamarix aphylla L.: A Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Study. Molecules. 2020; 25 (13):2994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adel S. Gadallah; Mujeeb- Ur- Rehman; Atta- Ur- Rahman; Sammer Yousuf; Atia- Tul- Wahab; Almas Jabeen; Mahmoud M. Swilam; Shaden A. M. Khalifa; Hesham R. El-Seedi; M. Iqbal Choudhary. 2020. "Anti-Inflammatory Principles from Tamarix aphylla L.: A Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Study." Molecules 25, no. 13: 2994.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2020 in Pharmaceutics
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Lichens have recently received great attention due to their pharmacological potentials. The antigenotoxic potential of C. vitellina extract (25 and 50 µg/mL) was assessed in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) against Mitomycin C (MMC) co-treatments. Flow cytometric analyses of cell cycle distribution, as well as apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), revealed that the extract had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) ameliorated the MMC toxicity by reducing the apoptotic cells and normalized the cell cycle phases. C. vitellina exhibited antigenotoxicity by ameliorating the diminished mitotic index and DNA single-strand breaks caused by MMC. Herein, the hydromethanolic extract (80%) of Candelariella vitellina (Japan) lichen, exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards normal human peripheral lymphocytes (HPBL) with IC50 >1000 µg/mL. In order to explore the antihelminthic effect, Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces were used in vitro. Eosin staining revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) dose and time-dependent scolicidal effects of the extract confirmed by degenerative alterations as observed by electron scan microscopy. Furthermore, primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using GC-MS and qualitative HPLC, revealing the presence of sugars, alcohols, different phenolic acids and light flavonoids. Significant antioxidant capacities were also demonstrated by DPPH radical-scavenging assay. In conclusion, the promising antigenotoxic, antihelminthic and antioxidant potentials of C. vitellina extract encourage further studies to evaluate its possible therapeutic potency.

ACS Style

Islam El-Garawani; Mahmoud Emam; Waill Elkhateeb; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Salwa Oshiba; Shaimaa Abou-Ghanima; Ghoson Daba. In Vitro Antigenotoxic, Antihelminthic and Antioxidant Potentials Based on the Extracted Metabolites from Lichen, Candelariella vitellina. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 477 .

AMA Style

Islam El-Garawani, Mahmoud Emam, Waill Elkhateeb, Hesham El-Seedi, Shaden Khalifa, Salwa Oshiba, Shaimaa Abou-Ghanima, Ghoson Daba. In Vitro Antigenotoxic, Antihelminthic and Antioxidant Potentials Based on the Extracted Metabolites from Lichen, Candelariella vitellina. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12 (5):477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam El-Garawani; Mahmoud Emam; Waill Elkhateeb; Hesham El-Seedi; Shaden Khalifa; Salwa Oshiba; Shaimaa Abou-Ghanima; Ghoson Daba. 2020. "In Vitro Antigenotoxic, Antihelminthic and Antioxidant Potentials Based on the Extracted Metabolites from Lichen, Candelariella vitellina." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 5: 477.

Review
Published: 21 January 2020 in Toxins
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Natural products represent important sources for the discovery and design of novel drugs. Bee venom and its isolated components have been intensively studied with respect to their potential to counteract or ameliorate diverse human diseases. Despite extensive research and significant advances in recent years, multifactorial diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases remain major healthcare issues at present. Although pure bee venom, apitoxin, is mostly described to mediate anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and neuroprotective effects, its primary component melittin may represent an anticancer therapeutic. In this review, we approach the possibilities and limitations of apitoxin and its components in the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. We further discuss the observed unspecific cytotoxicity of melittin that strongly restricts its therapeutic use and review interesting possibilities of a beneficial use by selectively targeting melittin to cancer cells.

ACS Style

Andreas Aufschnaiter; Verena Kohler; Shaden Khalifa; Aida Abd El-Wahed; Ming Du; Hesham El-Seedi; Sabrina Büttner. Apitoxin and Its Components against Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Limitations and Possibilities. Toxins 2020, 12, 66 .

AMA Style

Andreas Aufschnaiter, Verena Kohler, Shaden Khalifa, Aida Abd El-Wahed, Ming Du, Hesham El-Seedi, Sabrina Büttner. Apitoxin and Its Components against Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Limitations and Possibilities. Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreas Aufschnaiter; Verena Kohler; Shaden Khalifa; Aida Abd El-Wahed; Ming Du; Hesham El-Seedi; Sabrina Büttner. 2020. "Apitoxin and Its Components against Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Limitations and Possibilities." Toxins 12, no. 2: 66.