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Basharat Ali
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Plants
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Maize is one of the most economically important cereal crops worldwide. Salinity coupled with waterlogging is a major challenge for successful crop production. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and impacts of individual and combined salinity and waterlogging stress on the morpho-physio-biochemical and molecular responses and oxidative metabolism of maize during stress and recovery periods is essential. The present study was carried out to assess the response of four hybrid maize cultivars viz. DK-6142, FH-1231, FH-949, and MALKA-2016 under individual and combined salinity and waterlogging conditions. The treatments comprised the control (no stress), NaCl (salinity with 10 dSm−1), WL (waterlogged conditions with 3 cm flooding), and NaCl + WL (combined salinity and waterlogging stress). The data regarding morpho-physiological attributes were collected at 22 days after sowing (DAS; stress phase) and 30 DAS (recovery phase). The results revealed that both stresses, either individually or in combination, substantially reduced the root-shoot length, root-shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf width, and the number of leaves per plant as well as the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids contents; however, the inhibitory effects were more severe in combined stresses than for individual stress factors in many cultivars. Both individual and combined stress conditions enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, whereas the antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), remained higher under stress conditions compared to the control. The expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and POD) were also upregulated under stress conditions. All of the cultivars recovered better from individual stresses than combined stress conditions; however, the hybrid DK-6142 performed better than the other maize hybrids under stress conditions and showed faster recovery.

ACS Style

Umer Mahmood; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Shahid Zamir; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase. Plants 2021, 10, 1345 .

AMA Style

Umer Mahmood, Saddam Hussain, Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Umair Ashraf, Shahid Zamir, Sami Al-Robai, Fatima Alzahrani, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umer Mahmood; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Shahid Zamir; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase." Plants 10, no. 7: 1345.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a biennial crop of high commercial value in Pakistan. Onion is considered as salt sensitive plant species. The present investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of salinity on onion and its alleviation through exogenously applied gibberellic acid (GA3; 100 mg L-1). Foliar application of GA3 (100 mg L-1) was applied on onion seedlings grown under three levels (0, 2 or 4 dS m-1) of salinity after 45 days of sowing. Results revealed that growth parameters and total soluble protein (TSP) contents declined with increase in soil salinity level. While, antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD and POD) were increased with salinity. However, exogenously applied GA3 significantly enhanced the plant growth and TSP in onion seedlings. Interestingly, CAT, SOD and POD concentration decreased with GA3 application which depicts stress alleviation in saline stressed onion plants due to GA3. It was concluded that the growth of onion could be enhanced to some extent by the application of GA3 under salinity stress.

ACS Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani; Amina Mushtaq; Khurram Ziaf; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir; Rashad Waseem Khan; Imran Khan; Muhammad Azam; Anam Noor. Exogenously applied GA3 promotes plant growth in onion by reducing oxidative stress under saline conditions. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 2021, 27, 122 -128.

AMA Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani, Amina Mushtaq, Khurram Ziaf, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir, Rashad Waseem Khan, Imran Khan, Muhammad Azam, Anam Noor. Exogenously applied GA3 promotes plant growth in onion by reducing oxidative stress under saline conditions. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 27 (2):122-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani; Amina Mushtaq; Khurram Ziaf; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir; Rashad Waseem Khan; Imran Khan; Muhammad Azam; Anam Noor. 2021. "Exogenously applied GA3 promotes plant growth in onion by reducing oxidative stress under saline conditions." Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 27, no. 2: 122-128.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Agronomy
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Salinity and alkalinity stresses are common in arid and semiarid climates. Both these stresses not only retard crop growth but also cause a severe reduction in yields. The present experiment was performed to investigate the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of two maize hybrids (FH-1231 and DK-6714) to salinity and alkalinity stresses. The treatments were comprised of salt stress (NaCl:Na2SO4 at a 9:1 ratio), alkaline stress (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 at a 9:1 ratio), and an unstressed control. The results indicated that salinity and alkalinity significantly reduced shoot fresh weight by 50% and 70%, root fresh weight by 38% and 50%, root dry weight by 69% and 93%, seedling length by 18% and 30%, number of leaves by 27% and 39%, and maximum leaf width by 17% and 24%, respectively, across the two hybrids compared with control, indicating that alkalinity had a greater effect than salinity. Likewise, both the stresses, particularly alkalinity, significantly decreased K+ ion accumulation and chlorophyll content and increased the lipid peroxidation rate, sodium (Na+) concentration, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Salinity and alkalinity stresses also induced the expression levels of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX); however, salinity showed less effect than alkalinity stress. Similarly, hybrid DK-6714 performed comparatively better than FH-1231 with regard to seedling growth, antioxidant activities, and biochemical attributes under stress conditions. Thus, DK-6714 is recommended as a suitable hybrid for soils affected with salt-alkalization.

ACS Style

Arooj Fatima; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Usman Zulfiqar; Zubair Aslam; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1150 .

AMA Style

Arooj Fatima, Saddam Hussain, Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Umair Ashraf, Usman Zulfiqar, Zubair Aslam, Sami Al-Robai, Fatima Alzahrani, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arooj Fatima; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Usman Zulfiqar; Zubair Aslam; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1150.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2021 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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High salt concentrations in the growing medium can severely affect the growth and development of plants. It is imperative to understand the different components of salt-tolerant network in plants in order to produce the salt-tolerant cultivars. High-affinity potassium transporter- and myelocytomatosis proteins have been shown to play a critical role for salinity tolerance through exclusion of sodium (Na+) ions from sensitive shoot tissues in plants. Numerous genes, that limit the uptake of salts from soil and their transport throughout the plant body, adjust the ionic and osmotic balance of cells in roots and shoots. In the present review, we have tried to provide a comprehensive report of major research advances on different mechanisms regulating plant tolerance to salinity stress at proteomics, metabolomics, genomics and transcriptomics levels. Along with the role of ionic homeostasis, a major focus was given on other salinity tolerance mechanisms in plants including osmoregulation and osmo-protection, cell wall remodeling and integrity, and plant antioxidative defense. Major proteins and genes expressed under salt-stressed conditions and their role in enhancing salinity tolerance in plants are discussed as well. Moreover, this manuscript identifies and highlights the key questions on plant salinity tolerance that remain to be discussed in the future.

ACS Style

Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Xiaolong Ren; Xiaoli Chen; Qianqian Li; Muhammad Saqib; Naeem Ahmad. Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na+/K+ balance and beyond. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 160, 239 -256.

AMA Style

Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Xiaolong Ren, Xiaoli Chen, Qianqian Li, Muhammad Saqib, Naeem Ahmad. Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na+/K+ balance and beyond. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 160 ():239-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Xiaolong Ren; Xiaoli Chen; Qianqian Li; Muhammad Saqib; Naeem Ahmad. 2021. "Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na+/K+ balance and beyond." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 160, no. : 239-256.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Bioagro
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Tri-genomic Brassica napus L.wasdeveloped by the cross between Brassica napusand Brassica nigra. The crop is animportant source of vegetable seed oil in Pakistan,after cotton. The low oilseed rape yield is attributed to high temperature in the production zones. Interspecific hybridization using these two speciescan be helpful to produce heat resistant hybrids. On the other hand, it has been found that foliar application of different plant growth regulators can be used to reduce the heat stress in Brassica. The objectiveof this studywas to test the response of three different tri-genomic hybrids to high temperature stressat seedling stage. Seedlings were foliar sprayed with 0.13 mM salicylic acid (SA) prior to exposure tohigh temperatureat two true leaf stage. The plants were harvested after 30 days of sowing for growth and biochemical analysis. Plants ofV38 showed the highest values for all morphological traits and biochemical activities among the threehybrids. In general, plants exposed to the temperature stress exhibited a significant decline in growth, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity.Foliar application of SA significantly improved leaf and root biomass under heat stress.Further, antioxidativeenzyme activities significantly increased in response to SA either compared to control or to plants exposed to temperature stress.It is concluded thatapplication of salicylic acid elevated activity of antioxidative enzymes and was helpful in mitigating the detrimental effects of high temperature inoil seed rape.

ACS Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani; Muhammad Mehran Abbas; Basharat Ali; Khurram Ziaf; Muhammad Azam; Romana Anjum; Qumer Iqbal; Mubashar Nadeem; Anam Noor; Uzma Jillani. Role of salicylic acid in heat stress tolerance in tri-genomic Brassica napus L. Bioagro 2020, 33, 13 -20.

AMA Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani, Muhammad Mehran Abbas, Basharat Ali, Khurram Ziaf, Muhammad Azam, Romana Anjum, Qumer Iqbal, Mubashar Nadeem, Anam Noor, Uzma Jillani. Role of salicylic acid in heat stress tolerance in tri-genomic Brassica napus L. Bioagro. 2020; 33 (1):13-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani; Muhammad Mehran Abbas; Basharat Ali; Khurram Ziaf; Muhammad Azam; Romana Anjum; Qumer Iqbal; Mubashar Nadeem; Anam Noor; Uzma Jillani. 2020. "Role of salicylic acid in heat stress tolerance in tri-genomic Brassica napus L." Bioagro 33, no. 1: 13-20.

Research
Published: 01 December 2020 in Horticultura Brasileira
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The eggplant is a highly valuable horticultural crop grown all over the world and it is of substantial economic importance in Asia. However, its production is severely threatened by several soil-borne and foliar diseases, insect-pests, drought, heat, and frost damage. Therefore, efforts to transfer useful resistance genes into eggplant from their wild relatives is important. In the present study, interspecific and intraspecific hybridization was carried out, that included three cultivated genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena MEE, Solanum melongena MEP, Solanum melongena MEB) and one wild Solanum species (Solanum incanum INC). The F1 hybrids were made by inter and intraspecific hybridization. A total of 632 possible inter and intraspecific reciprocal crosses was performed where only three were successful. The minimum days to flowering were observed in parent MEP, and maximum plant height was measured in MEE×MEB. Maximum fruit length was observed in parent MEB. Furthermore, fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, and fruit yield per plant were found maximum in hybrid MEExINC. Our results suggest that these materials will be of great interest for the genetic improvement of eggplant; they may have a tremendous potential to increase tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as to drought and heat, as well as increased nutrient and herbal values. Findings of this study will be helpful for the human health, ultimately contributing to the development of a new generation of plants adapted to climate.

ACS Style

Muhammad A Ghani; Muhammad M Abbas; Khurram Ziaf; Muhammad Azam; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Amjad; Romana Anjum; Anam Noor; Mubashir Zahid. Production and characterization of inter and intraspecific hybridization eggplant. Horticultura Brasileira 2020, 38, 407 -414.

AMA Style

Muhammad A Ghani, Muhammad M Abbas, Khurram Ziaf, Muhammad Azam, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Amjad, Romana Anjum, Anam Noor, Mubashir Zahid. Production and characterization of inter and intraspecific hybridization eggplant. Horticultura Brasileira. 2020; 38 (4):407-414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad A Ghani; Muhammad M Abbas; Khurram Ziaf; Muhammad Azam; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Amjad; Romana Anjum; Anam Noor; Mubashir Zahid. 2020. "Production and characterization of inter and intraspecific hybridization eggplant." Horticultura Brasileira 38, no. 4: 407-414.

Review
Published: 10 July 2020 in Sustainability
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This article provides useful information for understanding the specific role of microbes in the pollutant removal process in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). The current literature is collected and organized to provide an insight into the specific role of microbes toward plants and pollutants. Several aspects are discussed, such as important components of FTWs, common bacterial species, rhizospheric and endophytes bacteria, and their specific role in the pollutant removal process. The roots of plants release oxygen and exudates, which act as a substrate for microbial growth. The bacteria attach themselves to the roots and form biofilms to get nutrients from the plants. Along the plants, the microbial community also influences the performance of FTWs. The bacterial community contributes to the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, toxic metals, hydrocarbon, and organic compounds. Plant–microbe interaction breaks down complex compounds into simple nutrients, mobilizes metal ions, and increases the uptake of pollutants by plants. The inoculation of the roots of plants with acclimatized microbes may improve the phytoremediation potential of FTWs. The bacteria also encourage plant growth and the bioavailability of toxic pollutants and can alleviate metal toxicity.

ACS Style

Munazzam Shahid; Ameena Al-Surhanee; Fayza Kouadri; Shafaqat Ali; Neeha Nawaz; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Rizwan; Basharat Ali; Mona Soliman. Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5559 .

AMA Style

Munazzam Shahid, Ameena Al-Surhanee, Fayza Kouadri, Shafaqat Ali, Neeha Nawaz, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Rizwan, Basharat Ali, Mona Soliman. Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Munazzam Shahid; Ameena Al-Surhanee; Fayza Kouadri; Shafaqat Ali; Neeha Nawaz; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Rizwan; Basharat Ali; Mona Soliman. 2020. "Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5559.

Research article
Published: 09 December 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Anthropogenic activities are a major source for contaminating the agricultural soil with heavy metals, which can affect physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Among the heavy metals, chromium (Cr) is the most toxic pollutant that negatively affects plants’ metabolic activities, growth, and yield. Chromium reduces the plant growth and development by influencing the photosynthetic performance and antioxidant enzyme activities. This study was designed to examine the promotive role of exogenously applied glycinebetaine (GB) on plant morphophysiological and biochemical attributes in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis L.) under Cr toxicity. Four levels (0, 10, 100, and 200 μM) of Cr were tested under the application of GB (1 mM). The results delineated that Cr stress caused a considerable reduction in plant growth, photosynthetic pigment, gas exchange parameters, and biomass production. At high concentration (200 μM), chromium stress decreased the plant height (57%), root length (32%), number of leaves (45%), and leaf area (29%) as compared with controls. Due to Cr stress, the electrolyte leakage and accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide increased both in the roots and leaves of cauliflower, whereas antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and POD) decreased both in the roots and leaves of cauliflower due to Cr stress. At 200 μM of chromium treatment, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, and flower dry weight declined up to 43%, 40%, 53%, and 72%, respectively. With the application of GB, dry biomass of plant increased significantly as compared with no GB treatment under chromium stress. As Cr level increased in growth media, its concentration also increased in all plant parts including roots, stem, leaves, and flowers. However, GB application efficiently alleviated the Cr toxic effects on cauliflower and maintained higher plant growth, biomass production, photosynthetic attributes, and gas exchange traits as compared with their respective controls. Exogenously applied GB decreased oxidative stress and improved antioxidative enzyme activities as compared with treatments without GB application. Furthermore, Cr concentrations taken by plants were decreased due to GB application. These findings suggest that GB can play a positive role to maintain plant morphology and photosynthetic attributes under Cr toxic conditions in cauliflower.

ACS Style

Rehan Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Abid; Muhammad Rizwan; Basharat Ali; Asif Tanveer; Irfan Ahmad; Muhammad Azam; Muhammad Awais Ghani. Glycinebetaine alleviates the chromium toxicity in Brassica oleracea L. by suppressing oxidative stress and modulating the plant morphology and photosynthetic attributes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 27, 1101 -1111.

AMA Style

Rehan Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Abid, Muhammad Rizwan, Basharat Ali, Asif Tanveer, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Awais Ghani. Glycinebetaine alleviates the chromium toxicity in Brassica oleracea L. by suppressing oxidative stress and modulating the plant morphology and photosynthetic attributes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 27 (1):1101-1111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rehan Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Abid; Muhammad Rizwan; Basharat Ali; Asif Tanveer; Irfan Ahmad; Muhammad Azam; Muhammad Awais Ghani. 2019. "Glycinebetaine alleviates the chromium toxicity in Brassica oleracea L. by suppressing oxidative stress and modulating the plant morphology and photosynthetic attributes." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 1: 1101-1111.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2019 in BMC Plant Biology
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Background The ubiquitous signaling molecule melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (MT) plays vital roles in plant development and stress tolerance. Selenium (Se) may be phytotoxic at high concentrations. Interactions between MT and Se (IV) stress in higher plants are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the defensive roles of exogenous MT (0 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) against Se (IV) (0 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM) stress based on the physiological and biochemical properties, thiol biosynthesis, and antioxidant system of Brassica napus plants subjected to these treatments. Results Se (IV) stress inhibited B. napus growth and biomass accumulation, reduced pigment content, and lowered net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in a dose-dependent manner. All of the aforementioned responses were effectively alleviated by exogenous MT treatment. Exogenous MT mitigated oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation and protected the plasma membranes from Se toxicity by reducing Se-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. MT also alleviated osmotic stress by restoring foliar water and sugar levels. Relative to standalone Se treatment, the combination of MT and Se upregulated the ROS-detoxifying enzymes SOD, APX, GR, and CAT, increased proline, free amino acids, and the thiol components GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG, NPTs, PCs, and cys and upregulated the metabolic enzymes γ-ECS, GST, and PCS. Therefore, MT application attenuates Se-induce oxidative damage in plants. MT promotes the accumulation of chelating agents in the roots, detoxifies Se there, and impedes its further translocation to the leaves. Conclusions Exogenous MT improves the physiological traits, antioxidant system, and thiol ligand biosynthesis in B. napus subjected to Se stress primarily by enhancing Se detoxification and sequestration especially at the root level. Our results reveal better understanding of Se-phytotoxicity and Se-stress alleviation by the adequate supply of MT. The mechanisms of MT-induced plant tolerance to Se stress have potential implications in developing novel strategies for safe crop production in Se-rich soils. Graphical abstract

ACS Style

Zaid Ulhassan; Qian Huang; Rafaqat Ali Gill; Skhawat Ali; Theodore Mulembo Mwamba; Basharat Ali; Faiza Hina; Weijun Zhou. Protective mechanisms of melatonin against selenium toxicity in Brassica napus: insights into physiological traits, thiol biosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. BMC Plant Biology 2019, 19, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Zaid Ulhassan, Qian Huang, Rafaqat Ali Gill, Skhawat Ali, Theodore Mulembo Mwamba, Basharat Ali, Faiza Hina, Weijun Zhou. Protective mechanisms of melatonin against selenium toxicity in Brassica napus: insights into physiological traits, thiol biosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. BMC Plant Biology. 2019; 19 (1):1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaid Ulhassan; Qian Huang; Rafaqat Ali Gill; Skhawat Ali; Theodore Mulembo Mwamba; Basharat Ali; Faiza Hina; Weijun Zhou. 2019. "Protective mechanisms of melatonin against selenium toxicity in Brassica napus: insights into physiological traits, thiol biosynthesis and antioxidant machinery." BMC Plant Biology 19, no. 1: 1-16.

Articles
Published: 20 November 2019 in The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is facing various problems of yield such as abiotic and biotic stresses. The wild tomato species are excellent source of economical traits which resistant to various types of stress and quality characters that can be transferred into cultivated tomato through intra and interspecific hybridisation. This study describes the development of inter and intraspecific hybrid tomato plants and screens the best hybrids. The interspecific hybrid tomato plants were developed by making a cross between wild tomato species and cultivated tomato. In the morphological traits, hybrids F1 showed intermediate values from both of their parents in fruit weight. Although wild parent male showed dominant impact in hybrids for many morphological characters such as leaf width and length, number of fruit set per truss, and fruit yield. The hybrids F1 also showed good characters in total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugar were enriched in cultivated tomato after crossing with wild relatives. The wild tomato has play important role in increased the lycopene level in hybrids. So, the hope that this study opens the new world gene pool for tomato breeding, ultimately contributing to the adapted of climate change and increase the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.

ACS Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani; Muhammad Mehran Abbas; Muhammad Amjad; Khurram Ziaf; Basharat Ali; Tabbassum Shaheen; Faisal Saeed Awan; Aamir Nawaz Khan. Production and characterisation of tomato derived from interspecific hybridisation between cultivated tomato and its wild relatives. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2019, 95, 506 -520.

AMA Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani, Muhammad Mehran Abbas, Muhammad Amjad, Khurram Ziaf, Basharat Ali, Tabbassum Shaheen, Faisal Saeed Awan, Aamir Nawaz Khan. Production and characterisation of tomato derived from interspecific hybridisation between cultivated tomato and its wild relatives. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 2019; 95 (4):506-520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Awais Ghani; Muhammad Mehran Abbas; Muhammad Amjad; Khurram Ziaf; Basharat Ali; Tabbassum Shaheen; Faisal Saeed Awan; Aamir Nawaz Khan. 2019. "Production and characterisation of tomato derived from interspecific hybridisation between cultivated tomato and its wild relatives." The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 95, no. 4: 506-520.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2019 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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The phytotoxicity of chromium (Cr) makes it obligatory for the researchers to develop strategies that seek to hinder its accumulation in food chains. While, protective role of selenium (Se) has not been discussed in detail under adverse conditions in oilseed rape. Here, our aim was to investigate the potential use of Se (0, 5 and 10 μM) in alleviating the Cr toxicity (0, 100 and 200 μM) in Brassica napus L. Results delineated that Se-supplementation notably recovered the Cr-phytotoxicity by reducing the Cr accumulation in plant tissues and boosted the inhibition in plant growth and biomass. Under Cr stress, the exogenously applied Se significantly recovered the impairment in photosynthesis related parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II), and counteracted the reduction in nutrients uptake and improved the essential amino acids (EAAs) levels. In addition, Se activated the antioxidants enzymes included in AsA-GSH cycle (SOD, CAT, APX, GR, DHAR, MDHAR, GSH, and AsA) and glyoxalase (Gly) system (Gly I and Gly II) and minimized the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) contents in response to Cr stress. In a nutshell, Se (more effective at 5 μM) alleviated the Cr and MG induced phytotoxicity and oxidative damages by minimizing their (Cr and MG) accumulation and enhanced the plant growth, nutrients element level, nutrition quality by improving EAAs, antioxidant and Gly system. By considering the above-mentioned biomarkers, the addition of exogenous Se in Cr polluted soils might be effective approach to decrease the Cr uptake and its linked phytotoxicity in B. napus.

ACS Style

Zaid Ulhassan; Rafaqat Ali Gill; Huifang Huang; Skhawat Ali; Theodore Mulembo Mwamba; Basharat Ali; Qian Huang; Yasir Hamid; Ali Raza Khan; Jian Wang; Weijun Zhou. Selenium mitigates the chromium toxicity in Brassicca napus L. by ameliorating nutrients uptake, amino acids metabolism and antioxidant defense system. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2019, 145, 142 -152.

AMA Style

Zaid Ulhassan, Rafaqat Ali Gill, Huifang Huang, Skhawat Ali, Theodore Mulembo Mwamba, Basharat Ali, Qian Huang, Yasir Hamid, Ali Raza Khan, Jian Wang, Weijun Zhou. Selenium mitigates the chromium toxicity in Brassicca napus L. by ameliorating nutrients uptake, amino acids metabolism and antioxidant defense system. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019; 145 ():142-152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaid Ulhassan; Rafaqat Ali Gill; Huifang Huang; Skhawat Ali; Theodore Mulembo Mwamba; Basharat Ali; Qian Huang; Yasir Hamid; Ali Raza Khan; Jian Wang; Weijun Zhou. 2019. "Selenium mitigates the chromium toxicity in Brassicca napus L. by ameliorating nutrients uptake, amino acids metabolism and antioxidant defense system." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 145, no. : 142-152.

Preprint
Published: 16 September 2019
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Rice wild relatives (RWR) constitute an extended gene pool that can be tapped for the breeding of novel rice varieties adapted to abiotic stresses such as iron (Fe) toxicity. Therefore, we screened 75 Oryza genotypes including 16 domesticated O. sativas, one O. glaberrima, and 58 RWR representing 21 species, for tolerance to Fe toxicity. Plants were grown in a semi-artificial greenhouse setup, in which they were exposed either to control conditions, an Fe shock during the vegetative growth stage (acute treatment), or to a continuous moderately high Fe level (chronic treatment). In both stress treatments, foliar Fe concentrations were characteristic of Fe toxicity, and plants developed foliar stress symptoms, which were more pronounced in the chronic Fe stress especially toward the end of the growing season. Among the genotypes that produced seeds, only the chronic stress treatment significantly reduced yields due to increases in spikelet sterility. Moreover, a moderate but non-significant increase in grain Fe concentrations, and a significant increase in grain Zn concentrations were seen in chronic stress. Both domesticated rice and RWR exhibited substantial genotypic variation in their responses to Fe toxicity. Although no RWR strikingly outperformed domesticated rice in Fe toxic conditions, some genotypes scored highly in individual traits. Two O. meridionalis accessions were best in avoiding foliar symptom formation in acute Fe stress, while an O. rufipogon accession produced the highest grain yields in both chronic and acute Fe stress. In conclusion, this study provides the basis for using interspecific crosses for adapting rice to Fe toxicity.

ACS Style

Birgit Bierschenk; Melle Tilahun Tagele; Basharat Ali; Ashrafuzzaman; Lin-Bo Wu; Matthias Becker; Michael Frei; Mathias Becker. Evaluation of rice wild relatives as a source of traits for adaptation to iron toxicity and enhanced grain quality. 2019, 771352 .

AMA Style

Birgit Bierschenk, Melle Tilahun Tagele, Basharat Ali, Ashrafuzzaman, Lin-Bo Wu, Matthias Becker, Michael Frei, Mathias Becker. Evaluation of rice wild relatives as a source of traits for adaptation to iron toxicity and enhanced grain quality. . 2019; ():771352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Birgit Bierschenk; Melle Tilahun Tagele; Basharat Ali; Ashrafuzzaman; Lin-Bo Wu; Matthias Becker; Michael Frei; Mathias Becker. 2019. "Evaluation of rice wild relatives as a source of traits for adaptation to iron toxicity and enhanced grain quality." , no. : 771352.

Article
Published: 18 June 2019 in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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Global warming has been increasing manifold in recent times, and this may cause tremendous economic losses in the near future. Recently, heat stress is considered one of the major constraints affecting crop growth and yield at world level. Heat stress reduced the plant growth, photosynthesis, mineral nutrients, and yield attributes. Heat stress caused both ultrastructural alterations and oxidative stress in different parts of plants. Plants can tolerate certain levels of heat stress by maintaining membrane stability, adjusting antioxidants and compatible solutes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Heat tolerance in plants can be improved by selecting heat-tolerant cultivars, genetic engineering, and exogenous application of osmolytes, microbes, mineral nutrients, soil amendments, and proper agricultural practices. This review is devoted to discuss the plants’ physiological and biochemical responses to heat stress and various integrated approaches to improve heat stress tolerance in plants.

ACS Style

Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Rehan Ahmad; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Basharat Ali; Afzal Hussain. Approaches in Enhancing Thermotolerance in Plants: An Updated Review. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2019, 39, 456 -480.

AMA Style

Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Rehan Ahmad, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Basharat Ali, Afzal Hussain. Approaches in Enhancing Thermotolerance in Plants: An Updated Review. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2019; 39 (1):456-480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Rehan Ahmad; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Basharat Ali; Afzal Hussain. 2019. "Approaches in Enhancing Thermotolerance in Plants: An Updated Review." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 39, no. 1: 456-480.

Journal article
Published: 13 June 2019 in Journal of Plant Physiology
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A biotechnological approach was adopted for increasing foliar ascorbate levels as a strategy to adapt a widely grown high yielding rice variety to multiple abiotic stresses. The variety IR64 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) was engineered to express the ascorbate biosynthesis gene GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (AcGGP) from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) under the control of a leaf-specific promoter of the Leaf Panicle 2(LP2) gene. Transgene expression increased foliar ascorbate levels up to >2.5 fold but did not lead to any changes in morphological traits (seed yield, sterility rate, grain weight, and biomass) in non-stress conditions. We then hypothesized that enhanced foliar ascorbate would confer multi-stress tolerance. Indeed transgenic lines were more tolerant to salinity in terms of lipid peroxidation and foliar symptoms, and to drought in terms of lipid peroxidation and post-drought recovery (number of dead leaves). A significantly better performance in ozone stress was seen only when ozone coincided with salinity. However, no differences between transgenic lines and wild types occurred when plants were subjected to toxicities in redox-active transition metals, i.e. iron and manganese, although plants showed clear symptoms of oxidative stress. Moreover, no differential response to zinc deficiency was observed, because the background genotype IR64 was not sensitive to this stress. Taken together, our study helps to identify stress conditions that can be mitigated by enhancing foliar ascorbate levels, and therefore facilitates an adaptive breeding approach for multiple stresses that would not imply any yield penalty.

ACS Style

Basharat Ali; Sumitra Pantha; Roshan Acharya; Yoshiaki Ueda; Lin-Bo Wu; Ph.D. Ashrafuzzaman; Takuma Ishizaki; Matthias Wissuwa; Sean Bulley; Michael Frei. Enhanced ascorbate level improves multi-stress tolerance in a widely grown indica rice variety without compromising its agronomic characteristics. Journal of Plant Physiology 2019, 240, 152998 .

AMA Style

Basharat Ali, Sumitra Pantha, Roshan Acharya, Yoshiaki Ueda, Lin-Bo Wu, Ph.D. Ashrafuzzaman, Takuma Ishizaki, Matthias Wissuwa, Sean Bulley, Michael Frei. Enhanced ascorbate level improves multi-stress tolerance in a widely grown indica rice variety without compromising its agronomic characteristics. Journal of Plant Physiology. 2019; 240 ():152998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basharat Ali; Sumitra Pantha; Roshan Acharya; Yoshiaki Ueda; Lin-Bo Wu; Ph.D. Ashrafuzzaman; Takuma Ishizaki; Matthias Wissuwa; Sean Bulley; Michael Frei. 2019. "Enhanced ascorbate level improves multi-stress tolerance in a widely grown indica rice variety without compromising its agronomic characteristics." Journal of Plant Physiology 240, no. : 152998.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2019 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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The application of silicon (Si) under heavy metal stress is well known, but the use of Si nanoparticles (NPs) under metal stress in not well documented. Thus, the experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of soil and foliar applied Si NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in grains under Cd toxicity. The plants were grown under natural environmental conditions and were harvested after physiological maturity (124 days after sowing). The results demonstrated that Si NPs significantly improved, relative to the control, the dry biomass of shoots, roots, spikes and grains by 24–69%, 14–59%, 34–87%, and 31–96% in foliar spray and by 10–51%, 11–49%, 25–69%, and 27–74% in soil applied Si NPs, respectively. The Si NPs enhanced the leaf gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll a and b concentrations, whereas diminished the oxidative stress in leaves which was indicated by the reduced electrolyte leakage and enhancement in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaf under Si NPs treatments over the control. When compared with the control, the foliar spray of Si NPs reduced the Cd contents in shoots, roots, and grains by 16–58%, 19–64%, and 20–82%, respectively, whereas soil applied Si NPs reduced the Cd concentrations in shoots, roots, and grains by 11–53%, 10–59%, and 22–83%, respectively. In comparison with the control, Si concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in the shoots and roots in both foliar and soil supplementation of Si NPs. Our results suggested that Si NPs could improve the yield of wheat and more importantly, reduce the Cd concentrations in the grains. Thus, the use of Si NPs might be a feasible approach in controlling Cd entry into the human body via crops.

ACS Style

Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Basharat Ali; Balal Yousaf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Silicon nanoparticles enhanced the growth and reduced the cadmium accumulation in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2019, 140, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Basharat Ali, Balal Yousaf, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Silicon nanoparticles enhanced the growth and reduced the cadmium accumulation in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019; 140 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Basharat Ali; Balal Yousaf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Silicon nanoparticles enhanced the growth and reduced the cadmium accumulation in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 140, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2019 in Chemosphere
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Selenium (Se) is a prerequisite metalloid for humans and animals. But, its essentialness or phytotoxicity is still obscure. Here, we investigated the dual effects of sodium selenite (0, 25, 50 or 100 μM) on the physio-biochemical, anatomical and molecular alterations in different Brassicca napus L. cultivars (viz. Zheda 619, Zheda 622, ZY 50, and ZS 758). Findings revealed that Se-supplementation markedly boosted the plant growth and biomasses by improving mineral uptake, water-soluble protein, sugar, photosynthetic efficiency regarding the pigments and gas exchange parameters. Higher Se-levels impaired the photosynthetic efficiency, deplete nutrients-uptake, osmotic stress by proline accumulation and higher Se-accumulation in roots led to growth and biomass reduction. Se-supplementation minimized the accumulation of ROS (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical), malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal (MG) levels by activating the enzymes engaged in AsA-GSH cycle and ROS-MG detoxification. But, elevated-Se impaired the oxidative metabolism by desynchronizing the antioxidants as revealed by decreasing levels of ascorbic acid, activities and expression levels of catalase, glutathione reductase, and dehydro-ascorbate reductase. Up-regulation of secondary metabolites genes (PAL, PPO) revealed the role of Se in regulating transcriptional networks involved in oxidative stress. The damages in leaf and root ultra-structures disclosed the Se-phytotoxicity. Together, outcomes uncovered the protective mechanism of Se (till 25 μM) by reinforcing the plant morphology, photosynthesis, osmo-protection, redox balance, enzyme activities for ROS-MG detoxification by reducing ROS and MG components. Excessive-Se prompt phytotoxicity by impairing above mentioned parameters, especially at 100 μM Se. Among all B. napus cultivars, Zheda 622 was discovered as highly-susceptible and ZS 758 showed greatest-tolerance against Se stress.

ACS Style

Zaid Ulhassan; Rafaqat Ali Gill; Skhawat Ali; Theodore Mulembo Mwamba; Basharat Ali; Jian Wang; Qian Huang; Rukhsanda Aziz; Weijun Zhou. Dual behavior of selenium: Insights into physio-biochemical, anatomical and molecular analyses of four Brassica napus cultivars. Chemosphere 2019, 225, 329 -341.

AMA Style

Zaid Ulhassan, Rafaqat Ali Gill, Skhawat Ali, Theodore Mulembo Mwamba, Basharat Ali, Jian Wang, Qian Huang, Rukhsanda Aziz, Weijun Zhou. Dual behavior of selenium: Insights into physio-biochemical, anatomical and molecular analyses of four Brassica napus cultivars. Chemosphere. 2019; 225 ():329-341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaid Ulhassan; Rafaqat Ali Gill; Skhawat Ali; Theodore Mulembo Mwamba; Basharat Ali; Jian Wang; Qian Huang; Rukhsanda Aziz; Weijun Zhou. 2019. "Dual behavior of selenium: Insights into physio-biochemical, anatomical and molecular analyses of four Brassica napus cultivars." Chemosphere 225, no. : 329-341.

Research article
Published: 22 February 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The contamination of large areas of arable land with cadmium (Cd) is a serious concern worldwide and environmentally feasible amendments are necessary to minimize Cd accumulation in cereals such as rice (Oryza sativa L.). A pot study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the efficiency of foliar spray of different levels (0, 50, 75, 100 mg/L) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) alone or combined with biochar (1.0% w/w) on Cd content in rice plants grown on an aged Cd-polluted soil. The results showed that ZnO NPs alone or combined with biochar improved the biomass and photosynthesis of rice plant. The ZnO NPs significantly diminished the Cd concentration and enhanced the Zn concentrations in shoots and roots either alone or in combination with biochar. Foliar spray of 100 mg/L ZnO NPs significantly diminished the Cd content in rice shoot and rice roots by 30% and 31%, respectively. The Cd concentrations in rice shoot and root diminished by 39% and 38% after 100 mg/L ZnO NPs combined with biochar, respectively. The ZnO NPs in combination with biochar increased the soil pH from 8.03 to 8.23 units. Soil AB-DTPA-extractable Cd significantly reduced with the amendments applied over the control. Foliar spray of ZnO NPs combined with biochar could be used to grow rice plants especially in areas where Cd concentration is high and Zn deficiency is high.

ACS Style

Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Shamaila Noureen; Sarwat Anwar; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Naveed; Elsayed Abd_Allah; Abdulaziz A Alqarawi; Parvaiz Ahmad. Combined use of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticle foliar spray improved the plant growth and decreased the cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 11288 -11299.

AMA Style

Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Shamaila Noureen, Sarwat Anwar, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Naveed, Elsayed Abd_Allah, Abdulaziz A Alqarawi, Parvaiz Ahmad. Combined use of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticle foliar spray improved the plant growth and decreased the cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (11):11288-11299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Shamaila Noureen; Sarwat Anwar; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Naveed; Elsayed Abd_Allah; Abdulaziz A Alqarawi; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Combined use of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticle foliar spray improved the plant growth and decreased the cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 11: 11288-11299.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2019 in International Journal of Phytoremediation
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Phytoremediation is an important technique to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The present study was conducted to assess the synergistic role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and citric acid (CA) in improving the phyto-extraction of chromium (Cr) by sunflower. Sunflower plants were grown in soil, spiked with different concentrations of Cr (0, 5, 10, 20 mg kg-1). Various concentrations of 5-ALA (0, 10, 20 mg L-1) and CA (0, 2.5, 5 mM) were applied exogenously at juvenile stage. A significant decrease was observed in biomass and agronomic traits of sunflower under Cr stress alone. Further, Cr toxicity significantly decreased the plant growth, soluble proteins and photosynthetic pigments. However, exogenously applied ALA and CA significantly improved the plants' physiological as well as agronomic attributes by lowering the production of reactive oxygen species and reducing electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Cr uptake was increased with increasing concentration of Cr in spiked soil, which was further enhanced by combined application of ALA and CA.

ACS Style

Mujahid Farid; Shafaqat Ali; Rashid Saeed; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Ghulam Hassan Abbasi; Afzal Hussain; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir; Irfan Ahmad. Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2019, 21, 760 -767.

AMA Style

Mujahid Farid, Shafaqat Ali, Rashid Saeed, Muhammad Rizwan, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Ghulam Hassan Abbasi, Afzal Hussain, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir, Irfan Ahmad. Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2019; 21 (8):760-767.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mujahid Farid; Shafaqat Ali; Rashid Saeed; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Ghulam Hassan Abbasi; Afzal Hussain; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir; Irfan Ahmad. 2019. "Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil." International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, no. 8: 760-767.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2018 in Chemosphere
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The effects of seed priming with zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation by wheat (Triticum aestivum) were investigated. Seeds of wheat were primed with different concentrations of either ZnO NPs (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1) or Fe NPs (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L−1) for 24 h by continuous aeration and then the seeds were sown in a soil which was contaminated with Cd due to long-term application of sewage water. Plants were grown till maturity under natural conditions with 60–70% moisture contents of total soil water holding capacity throughout the experiment. Plant height, spike length, and dry weights of shoots, roots, spikes, and grains were increased with NPs, in particular with the higher rates of NPs. The results depicted that NPs positively affected the photosynthesis of wheat as compared to the control. The NPs reduced the electrolyte leakage and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaves of Cd-stressed wheat. The concentrations of Cd in roots, shoots, and grains were significantly decreased with NPs application. The Cd content in the grains was below the threshold level of Cd (0.2 mg kg−1) for cereals when the seeds were treated with higher NPs treatments. The application of ZnO NPs increased the Zn concentrations and Fe NPs increased the Fe concentrations in roots, shoots, and grains. Overall, the NPs play a major role in the increase in biomass, nutrients and decrease in Cd toxicity in wheat.

ACS Style

Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Adrees; Muhammad Arshad; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Aisha Abdul Waris. Zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles improved the plant growth and reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat. Chemosphere 2018, 214, 269 -277.

AMA Style

Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Adrees, Muhammad Arshad, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Aisha Abdul Waris. Zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles improved the plant growth and reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat. Chemosphere. 2018; 214 ():269-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Adrees; Muhammad Arshad; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Aisha Abdul Waris. 2018. "Zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles improved the plant growth and reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat." Chemosphere 214, no. : 269-277.

Original article
Published: 14 August 2018 in Plant, Cell & Environment
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Monitoring of ozone damage to crops plays an increasingly important role for the food security of many developing countries. Ethylenediurea (EDU) could be a tool to assess ozone damage to vegetation on field scale, but its physiological mode of action remains unclear. This study investigated mechanisms underlying the ozone‐protection effect of EDU in controlled chamber experiments. Ozone sensitive and tolerant rice genotypes were exposed to ozone (108 ppb, 7 h day‐1) and control conditions. EDU alleviated ozone effects on plant morphology, foliar symptoms, lipid peroxidation and photosynthetic parameters in sensitive genotypes. Transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing revealed that thousands of genes responded to ozone in a sensitive variety, but almost none responded to EDU. Significant interactions between ozone and EDU application occurred mostly in ozone responsive genes, in which up‐regulation was mitigated by EDU application. Further experiments documented ozone degrading properties of EDU, as well as EDU deposits on leaf surfaces possibly related to surface protection. EDU application did not mitigate the reaction of plants to other abiotic stresses, including iron toxicity, zinc deficiency, and salinity. This study provided evidence that EDU is a surface protectant that specifically mitigates ozone stress without interfering directly with the plants' stress response systems.

ACS Style

Ph.D. Ashrafuzzaman; Zahidul Haque; Basharat Ali; Boby Mathew; Peng Yu; Frank Hochholdinger; Joao Abreu Neto; Max McGillen; Hans-Jürgen Ensikat; William J. Manning; Michael Frei. Ethylenediurea (EDU) mitigates the negative effects of ozone in rice: Insights into its mode of action. Plant, Cell & Environment 2018, 41, 2882 -2898.

AMA Style

Ph.D. Ashrafuzzaman, Zahidul Haque, Basharat Ali, Boby Mathew, Peng Yu, Frank Hochholdinger, Joao Abreu Neto, Max McGillen, Hans-Jürgen Ensikat, William J. Manning, Michael Frei. Ethylenediurea (EDU) mitigates the negative effects of ozone in rice: Insights into its mode of action. Plant, Cell & Environment. 2018; 41 (12):2882-2898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ph.D. Ashrafuzzaman; Zahidul Haque; Basharat Ali; Boby Mathew; Peng Yu; Frank Hochholdinger; Joao Abreu Neto; Max McGillen; Hans-Jürgen Ensikat; William J. Manning; Michael Frei. 2018. "Ethylenediurea (EDU) mitigates the negative effects of ozone in rice: Insights into its mode of action." Plant, Cell & Environment 41, no. 12: 2882-2898.