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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), universally recognized as COVID-19, is currently is a global issue. Our study uses multivariate regression for determining the relationship between the ambient environment and COVID-19 cases in Lima. We also forecast the pattern trajectory of COVID-19 cases with variables using an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). There is a significant association between ambient temperature and PM10 and COVID-19 cases, while no significant correlation has been seen for PM2.5. All variables in the multivariate regression model have R2 = 0.788, which describes a significant exposure to COVID-19 cases in Lima. ARIMA (1,1,1), during observation time of PM2.5, PM10, and average temperature, is found to be suitable for forecasting COVID-19 cases in Lima. This result indicates that the expected high particle concentration and low ambient temperature in the coming season will further facilitate the transmission of the coronavirus if there is no other policy intervention. A suggested sustainable policy related to ambient environment and the lessons learned from different countries to prevent future outbreaks are also discussed in this study.
Tsai-Chi Kuo; Ana Pacheco; Aditya Iswara; Denny Dermawan; Gerry Andhikaputra; Lin-Han Chiang Hsieh. Sustainable Ambient Environment to Prevent Future Outbreaks: How Ambient Environment Relates to COVID-19 Local Transmission in Lima, Peru. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9277 .
AMA StyleTsai-Chi Kuo, Ana Pacheco, Aditya Iswara, Denny Dermawan, Gerry Andhikaputra, Lin-Han Chiang Hsieh. Sustainable Ambient Environment to Prevent Future Outbreaks: How Ambient Environment Relates to COVID-19 Local Transmission in Lima, Peru. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9277.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai-Chi Kuo; Ana Pacheco; Aditya Iswara; Denny Dermawan; Gerry Andhikaputra; Lin-Han Chiang Hsieh. 2020. "Sustainable Ambient Environment to Prevent Future Outbreaks: How Ambient Environment Relates to COVID-19 Local Transmission in Lima, Peru." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9277.
Treatment cost and quality of domestic water are highly correlated with raw water quality in reservoirs. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence the trophic state levels and correlations among Carlson trophic state index (CTSI) levels, water quality parameters and weather factors in four major reservoirs in Taiwan from 2000 to 2017. Weather (e.g., air temperature, relative humidity, total precipitation, sunlight percentage and cloud cover) and water quality parameters (e.g., pH, chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids (SS), ammonia, total hardness, nitrate, nitrite and water temperature) were included in the principal component analysis and absolute principal component score models to evaluate the main governing factors of the trophic state levels (e.g., CTSI). SS were washed out by precipitation, thereby influencing the reservoir transparency tremendously and contributing over 50% to the CTSI level in eutrophicated reservoirs (e.g., the Shihmen and Chengchinghu Reservoirs). CTSI levels in the mesotrophic reservoir (e.g., Liyutan Reservoir) had strong correlation with chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus. Results show that rainfall/weather factors were the key driving factors that affected the CTSI levels in Taiwan eutrophicated reservoirs, indicating the need to consider basin management and the impacts of extreme precipitation in reservoir management and future policymaking.
Marsha Savira Agatha Putri; Jr-Lin Lin; Lin-Han Chiang Hsieh; Yasmin Zafirah; Gerry Andhikaputra; Yu-Chun Wang. Influencing Factors Analysis of Taiwan Eutrophicated Reservoirs. Water 2020, 12, 1325 .
AMA StyleMarsha Savira Agatha Putri, Jr-Lin Lin, Lin-Han Chiang Hsieh, Yasmin Zafirah, Gerry Andhikaputra, Yu-Chun Wang. Influencing Factors Analysis of Taiwan Eutrophicated Reservoirs. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarsha Savira Agatha Putri; Jr-Lin Lin; Lin-Han Chiang Hsieh; Yasmin Zafirah; Gerry Andhikaputra; Yu-Chun Wang. 2020. "Influencing Factors Analysis of Taiwan Eutrophicated Reservoirs." Water 12, no. 5: 1325.