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The year 2020 was marked by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. After months of uncontrolled spread worldwide, a clear conclusion is that controlling the mobility of the general population can slow down the propagation of the pandemic. Tracking the location of the population enables better use of mobility limitation policies and the prediction of potential hotspots, as well as improved alert services to individuals that may have been exposed to the virus. With mobility in their core functionality and a high degree of penetration of mobile devices within the general population, cellular networks are an invaluable asset for this purpose. This paper shows an overview of the possibilities offered by cellular networks for the massive tacking of the population at different levels. The major privacy concerns are also reviewed and a specific use case is shown, correlating mobility and number of cases in the province of Málaga (Spain).
Emil Khatib; María Perles Roselló; Jesús Miranda-Páez; Victoriano Giralt; Raquel Barco. Mass Tracking in Cellular Networks for the COVID-19 Pandemic Monitoring. Sensors 2021, 21, 3424 .
AMA StyleEmil Khatib, María Perles Roselló, Jesús Miranda-Páez, Victoriano Giralt, Raquel Barco. Mass Tracking in Cellular Networks for the COVID-19 Pandemic Monitoring. Sensors. 2021; 21 (10):3424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmil Khatib; María Perles Roselló; Jesús Miranda-Páez; Victoriano Giralt; Raquel Barco. 2021. "Mass Tracking in Cellular Networks for the COVID-19 Pandemic Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 10: 3424.
Hiking is a very popular outdoor activity, and has led to an exponential increase in the number of visitors to natural spaces. The objective of this study was to analyze the circulation pattern of visitors to the Caminito del Rey trail, based on the three zones into which the trail can be divided. The sample consisted of 1582 hikers distributed into three different profiles. Of these, 126 utilized an eye-tracking device during the hike, while, for the rest (1456), only their travel speed along the trail was recorded. The use of eye tracking devices identified a greater number of interesting landscapes located in zones 1 and 3 of the trail, and it was observed that the mean travel speed was greater for zone 2 (42.31 m/min) (p < 0.01). Additionally, when the three different visitor profiles were analyzed, significant differences were found between the mean travel speeds according to sectors (p < 0.05). This information is crucial for more efficient management of the trail, as it allows for the development of measures to control and regulate the flow of visitors according to zone, and the design of additional strategies to increase the awareness of the hiker about specific areas of the hike.
Gemma Gea-García; Carmelo Fernández-Vicente; Francisco Barón-López; Jesús Miranda-Páez. The Recreational Trail of the El Caminito del Rey Natural Tourist Attraction, Spain: Determination of Hikers’ Flow. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1809 .
AMA StyleGemma Gea-García, Carmelo Fernández-Vicente, Francisco Barón-López, Jesús Miranda-Páez. The Recreational Trail of the El Caminito del Rey Natural Tourist Attraction, Spain: Determination of Hikers’ Flow. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGemma Gea-García; Carmelo Fernández-Vicente; Francisco Barón-López; Jesús Miranda-Páez. 2021. "The Recreational Trail of the El Caminito del Rey Natural Tourist Attraction, Spain: Determination of Hikers’ Flow." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1809.