This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Dr. Marina Baldi
National Research Council - CNR Institute for Bioeconomy

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Atmospheric Physics
0 Education + Elearning
0 climate change and impacts
0 climate change and variability
0 education and training

Fingerprints

climate change and impacts
climate change and variability
education and training

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Preprint content
Published: 18 June 2021
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Distance learning is assuming a greater value in professional training both because of its lower cost compared to face-to-face learning and for the opportunities it provides in periods when trainee displacement is hindered by socio-political or health emergencies (e.g. the recent covid-19 pandemic). Moreover, distance learning allows us to create lasting learning resources that otherwise would not be continuously available for trainees. During recent years, the World Meteorological Organization invested human and financial resources in the development of the Global Campus initiative, which has  virtual spaces where learning materials and opportunities are gathered and made available to users. As part of the Global Campus initiative, the Regional Training Center in Italy, with the support of the Italian Ministries of Foreign Affairs, developed several distance learning packages among which the TOPaCS (Training Operational Package For Climate Services) addresses the training needs of Climate Services Professionals in sub-Saharan Africa. TOPaCS builds on the competency-based training approach and on the application of up-to-date training solutions such as the integrated use of different multimedia supports and the use of Open Badges to certify learning. Synchronous distance learning was also tested for teaching soft skills related to climate services communication. This contribution analyzes pros and cons of distance learning approaches, comparing synchronous and asynchronous solutions and their suitability for hard and soft skills teaching. It highlights opportunities and constraints, critical points and key strategic choices in the development of distance learning. The results of the study highlight that flexible solutions and versatile approaches allow personalized training paths according to end-user needs. Asynchronous microlearning (very small units of study) can be helpful in this perspective but it may result in the atomization of the training modules and the fragmentation of education pathways. Synchronous distance learning is often more appropriate for soft skills but requires larger development  efforts and more efficient technical solutions (e.g. higher bandwidth), which can be an issue in some developing countries. 

ACS Style

Vieri Tarchiani; Maurizio Bacci; Elena Rapisardi; Patrick Parrish; Luciane Veek; Massimiliano Pasqui; Edmondo Di Giuseppe; Guido Righini; Marco Simonetti; Marina Baldi. Benefits and Challenges of distance Learning approaches for the Training of Climate Services Professionals in sub-Saharan Africa. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Vieri Tarchiani, Maurizio Bacci, Elena Rapisardi, Patrick Parrish, Luciane Veek, Massimiliano Pasqui, Edmondo Di Giuseppe, Guido Righini, Marco Simonetti, Marina Baldi. Benefits and Challenges of distance Learning approaches for the Training of Climate Services Professionals in sub-Saharan Africa. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vieri Tarchiani; Maurizio Bacci; Elena Rapisardi; Patrick Parrish; Luciane Veek; Massimiliano Pasqui; Edmondo Di Giuseppe; Guido Righini; Marco Simonetti; Marina Baldi. 2021. "Benefits and Challenges of distance Learning approaches for the Training of Climate Services Professionals in sub-Saharan Africa." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The whole Mediterranean is suffering today because of climate changes, with projections of more severe impacts predicted for the coming decades. Egypt, on the southeastern flank of the Mediterranean Sea, is facing many challenges for water and food security, further exacerbated by the arid climate conditions. The Nile River represents the largest freshwater resource for the country, with a minor contribution coming from rainfall and from non-renewable groundwater aquifers. In more recent years, another important source is represented by non-conventional sources, such as treated wastewater reuse and desalination; these water resources are increasingly becoming valuable additional contributors to water availability. Moreover, although rainfall is scarce in Egypt, studies have shown that rainfall and flash floods can become an additional available source of water in the future. While presently rare, heavy rainfalls and flash floods are responsible for huge losses of lives and infrastructure especially in parts of the country, such as in the Sinai Peninsula. Despite the harsh climate, water from these events, when opportunely conveyed and treated, can represent a precious source of freshwater for small communities of Bedouins. In this work, rainfall climatology and flash flood events are presented, together with a discussion about the dynamics of some selected episodes and indications about future climate scenarios. Results can be used to evaluate the water harvesting potential in a region where water is scarce, also providing indications for improving the weather forecast. Basic information needed for identifying possible risks for population and infrastructures, when fed into hydrological models, could help to evaluate the flash flood water volumes at the outlets of the effective watershed(s). This valuable information will help policymakers and local governments to define strategies and measures for water harvesting and/or protection works.

ACS Style

Marina Baldi; Doaa Amin; Islam Al Zayed; Giovannangelo Dalu. Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6186 .

AMA Style

Marina Baldi, Doaa Amin, Islam Al Zayed, Giovannangelo Dalu. Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marina Baldi; Doaa Amin; Islam Al Zayed; Giovannangelo Dalu. 2020. "Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6186.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Advances in Science and Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In developing countries, and particularly in West Africa, the role of Climate Services (CS) for sustainable development is growing thanks to wide spreading collaboration among European institutions, including National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) research centers, universities, and homologue local institutions. Operationally, the implementation of CSs in developing countries is mainly pivoted on NMHS, which, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), are dramatically affected by unmet learning demand. The global scale of learning needs for co-development of CSs calls for innovative solutions and a range of flexible modalities to reach learners in a variety of ways, and for sharing resources and successful strategies within the global education and training community. In order to harmonize expected learning outcomes, WMO defined a competency framework (CF) for CSs to be used in the implementation of training initiatives and knowledge sharing tools. This paper presents the strategic and methodological approach adopted in the implementation of the TOPaCS, a new knowledge-based distance learning initiative, aiming to provide a flexible learning environment within the CSs CF of WMO ensuring coherence with other WMO education initiatives (Global Campus, other RTCs, etc.). The methodological approach adopted is based on the competency-based approach to training, where competencies are composed by elements of knowledge and skill. TOPaCS integrates the WMO CF for CSs into a taxonomy co-designed with stakeholders at different levels, and allows the definition of learning paths, which are a further interactive opportunity for co-development of CSs within the TOPaCS learning ecosystem. Indeed, the approach aims also to guide further instructional strategies and assessments and becomes a starting point to build a common language enabling a better cooperation and exchange between the different CSs training initiatives.

ACS Style

Vieri Tarchiani; Elena Rapisardi; Patrick Parrish; Edmondo Di Giuseppe; Maurizio Bacci; Marina Baldi; Massimiliano Pasqui. Competencies based innovative learning solutions for co-development of climate services in West Africa. Advances in Science and Research 2020, 17, 47 -52.

AMA Style

Vieri Tarchiani, Elena Rapisardi, Patrick Parrish, Edmondo Di Giuseppe, Maurizio Bacci, Marina Baldi, Massimiliano Pasqui. Competencies based innovative learning solutions for co-development of climate services in West Africa. Advances in Science and Research. 2020; 17 ():47-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vieri Tarchiani; Elena Rapisardi; Patrick Parrish; Edmondo Di Giuseppe; Maurizio Bacci; Marina Baldi; Massimiliano Pasqui. 2020. "Competencies based innovative learning solutions for co-development of climate services in West Africa." Advances in Science and Research 17, no. : 47-52.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2019 in Advances in Science and Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

During the World Climate Conference-3, Capacity Development has been acknowledged as a transversal component underpinning all the other Pillars of the Global Framework for Climate Services. Within the Mediterranean basin, the interest of climate services based on seasonal climate forecasts is rising because they provide an opportunity for developing a proactive approach towards water management. In 2014, the Regional Training Center (RTC) in Italy, in agreement with World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and member countries of Region I and VI, identified seasonal climate forecasts as a strategic subject of capacity development for the Mediterranean Region. Following design-based research methods, this paper presents the evolution of the training approaches adopted, from classroom lessons to a blend of practical and theoretical classroom and distance learning. This evolution, as well as the rising satisfaction of trainees' expectations encouraged WMO and the RTC to widen the spectrum of beneficiaries and to make the resulting course materials available for other regions and RTCs as a course package. The course package provides essential guidelines to facilitate adoption and adaptation of the course by different institutions and instructors, including those in other WMO Regions, based on regional or institutional learning needs and standards, while also serving the needs of individual learners.

ACS Style

Vieri Tarchiani; Massimiliano Pasqui; Patrick Parrish; Elena Rapisardi; Edmondo Di Giuseppe; Marina Baldi. Learning and teaching about seasonal climate forecasts: a Mediterranean educational experience toward operational climate services. Advances in Science and Research 2019, 15, 257 -262.

AMA Style

Vieri Tarchiani, Massimiliano Pasqui, Patrick Parrish, Elena Rapisardi, Edmondo Di Giuseppe, Marina Baldi. Learning and teaching about seasonal climate forecasts: a Mediterranean educational experience toward operational climate services. Advances in Science and Research. 2019; 15 ():257-262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vieri Tarchiani; Massimiliano Pasqui; Patrick Parrish; Elena Rapisardi; Edmondo Di Giuseppe; Marina Baldi. 2019. "Learning and teaching about seasonal climate forecasts: a Mediterranean educational experience toward operational climate services." Advances in Science and Research 15, no. : 257-262.

Article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The spring-to-summer shallow atmospheric circulation over North Africa is driven by two desert heat lows (DHLs), one over Sahara (SHL) and one over Arabia (AHL), with cyclones embedded in the convective layer, capped by mid-tropospheric anticyclones. The aim of this work is to produce a minimal theoretical framework for these dynamical features in terms of Kelvin, mixed and planetary mode solutions to a two-layer Matsuno-Gill model with a lower Rayleigh frictional layer dynamically coupled to an almost frictionless upper layer. Results show that a DHL drives a Walker-like cell with rising air over the low and subsiding air to its west, with the lower-level cyclone to the east of the mid-tropospheric anticyclone; the latter being bounded to the south-west by an unstable easterly jet. These features, related to frictional differences between the two layers, are enhanced by ambient easterly winds. In spring, the stronger SHL drives a cell with rising air over West Africa and subsiding over the Atlantic. The weaker AHL drives a cell with rising air over Arabia and subsiding over East Africa. In summer, the stronger AHL drives a cell with rising air over Arabia and subsiding over Libya, and the weaker SHL drives a cell with rising air over West Sahara and subsiding over the Atlantic. The concurrent contributions of easterly winds, monsoonal low level convergence, and seasonal airborne dust warming strengthen the SHL, making its winds stronger than those of the AHL. In addition, a third order expansion of the Coriolis parameter strengthens the zonal winds and weakens the meridional winds. These contributors strengthen anticyclones over the East Mediterranean and to the west of Gibraltar. The ability of the model in representing the main features of the North African atmospheric circulations suggests a potential for better understanding climate dynamics in connected regions (Mediterranean, Tropical Atlantic).

ACS Style

G. A. Dalu; Marco Gaetani; C. Lavaysse; C. Flamant; A. T. Evan; Marina Baldi. Simple solutions for the summer shallow atmospheric circulation over North Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 2018, 144, 765 -779.

AMA Style

G. A. Dalu, Marco Gaetani, C. Lavaysse, C. Flamant, A. T. Evan, Marina Baldi. Simple solutions for the summer shallow atmospheric circulation over North Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2018; 144 (712):765-779.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. A. Dalu; Marco Gaetani; C. Lavaysse; C. Flamant; A. T. Evan; Marina Baldi. 2018. "Simple solutions for the summer shallow atmospheric circulation over North Africa." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 144, no. 712: 765-779.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2017 in International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management
Reads 0
Downloads 0

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the spatial and temporal variations of extreme hot days (H*) and heat waves frequencies across Iran.Design/methodology/approachWe used daily maximum temperature (Tmax) data of 27 synoptic stations in Iran. These data were standardized using the mean and the standard deviation of each day of the year. An extreme hot day was defined when the Z score of daily maximum temperature of that day was equal or more than a given threshold fixed at 1.7, while a heat wave event was considered to occur when the Z scores exceeds the threshold for at least three continuous days. According to these criteria the annual frequency of extreme hot days and the number of heat waves were determined for all stations.FindingsThe trend analysis of H* shows a positive trend during the last two decades in Iran, with the maximum number of H* (110 cases) observed in 2010. A significant trend of the number of heat waves per year was also detected during (1991-2013) in all the stations. Overall, results indicate that Iran has experienced heat waves in recent years more often than its long term average. There will be more frequent and intense hot days and heat waves across Iran until 2050, due to estimated increase of mean air temperature between 0.5-1.1 and 0.8-1.6 degee centigrade for Rcp2.6 and Rcp8.8 scenarios respectively.Originality/valueThe trend analysis of hot days and heat waves frequencies is a particularly original aspect of this paper. It is very important for policy and decision makers especially in agriculture and health sectors of Iran to make some adaptation strategies for future frequent and intense hot days over Iran.

ACS Style

Hojjatollah Yazdanpanah; Josef Eitzinger; Marina Baldi. Analysis of the extreme heat events in Iran. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2017, 9, 418 -432.

AMA Style

Hojjatollah Yazdanpanah, Josef Eitzinger, Marina Baldi. Analysis of the extreme heat events in Iran. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. 2017; 9 (4):418-432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hojjatollah Yazdanpanah; Josef Eitzinger; Marina Baldi. 2017. "Analysis of the extreme heat events in Iran." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 4: 418-432.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in ACTA IMEKO
Reads 0
Downloads 0

TECH project (Technology for the Egyptian Cultural Heritage) aimed to document an Egyptian monument for Egyptological studies and researches but, at the same time, to check a new methodological approach for conservation, valorisation and enhancement. In particular, the CNR mission focused the attention on the tomb of Harkhuf, a high official of the VI dynasty (XXIII century BC), who led trading and military expeditions into Nubia. The hieroglyphic texts inscribed on the façade of his tomb are very important and famous documents. The team checked an innovative and integrated methodology. The methodology has been focused mainly on the use of digital photogrammetric systems in order to generate an accurate numerical model (3D) and to facilitate the epigraphic study. Different procedures have been established in the processing and representation steps in order to accomplish the final communication of the results. Moreover climatic measurements have been carried out in order to understand the role of environmental factors on the deterioration of the monument. Finally the data have been crossed in order to check the environmental impact and the decay.

ACS Style

Andrea Angelini; Giuseppina Capriotti; Marina Baldi. The high official Harkhuf and the inscriptions of his tomb in Aswan (Egypt). An integrated methodological approach. ACTA IMEKO 2016, 5, 71 .

AMA Style

Andrea Angelini, Giuseppina Capriotti, Marina Baldi. The high official Harkhuf and the inscriptions of his tomb in Aswan (Egypt). An integrated methodological approach. ACTA IMEKO. 2016; 5 (2):71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Angelini; Giuseppina Capriotti; Marina Baldi. 2016. "The high official Harkhuf and the inscriptions of his tomb in Aswan (Egypt). An integrated methodological approach." ACTA IMEKO 5, no. 2: 71.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2015 in International Journal of Biometeorology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Climatic factors and weather type frequencies affecting Tuscany are examined to discriminate between vintages ranked into the upper- and lower-quartile years as a consensus from six rating sources of Chianti wine during the period 1980 to 2011. These rankings represent a considerable improvement on any individual publisher ranking, displaying an overall good consensus for the best and worst vintage years. Climate variables are calculated and weather type frequencies are matched between the eight highest and the eight lowest ranked vintages in the main phenological phases of Sangiovese grapevine. Results show that higher heat units; mean, maximum and minimum temperature; and more days with temperature above 35 °C were the most important discriminators between good- and poor-quality vintages in the spring and summer growth phases, with heat units important during ripening. Precipitation influences on vintage quality are significant only during veraison where low precipitation amounts and precipitation days are important for better quality vintages. In agreement with these findings, weather type analysis shows good vintages are favoured by weather type 4 (more anticyclones over central Mediterranean Europe (CME)), giving warm dry growing season conditions. Poor vintages all relate to higher frequencies of either weather type 3, which, by producing perturbation crossing CME, favours cooler and wetter conditions, and/or weather type 7 which favours cold dry continental air masses from the east and north east over CME. This approach shows there are important weather type frequency differences between good- and poor-quality vintages. Trend analysis shows that changes in weather type frequencies are more important than any due to global warming.

ACS Style

Michael James Salinger; Marina Baldi; Daniele Grifoni; Greg Jones; Giorgio Bartolini; Stefano Cecchi; Gianni Messeri; Anna Dalla Marta; Simone Orlandini; Giovanni A. Dalu; Gianpiero Maracchi. Seasonal differences in climate in the Chianti region of Tuscany and the relationship to vintage wine quality. International Journal of Biometeorology 2015, 59, 1799 -1811.

AMA Style

Michael James Salinger, Marina Baldi, Daniele Grifoni, Greg Jones, Giorgio Bartolini, Stefano Cecchi, Gianni Messeri, Anna Dalla Marta, Simone Orlandini, Giovanni A. Dalu, Gianpiero Maracchi. Seasonal differences in climate in the Chianti region of Tuscany and the relationship to vintage wine quality. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2015; 59 (12):1799-1811.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael James Salinger; Marina Baldi; Daniele Grifoni; Greg Jones; Giorgio Bartolini; Stefano Cecchi; Gianni Messeri; Anna Dalla Marta; Simone Orlandini; Giovanni A. Dalu; Gianpiero Maracchi. 2015. "Seasonal differences in climate in the Chianti region of Tuscany and the relationship to vintage wine quality." International Journal of Biometeorology 59, no. 12: 1799-1811.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2014 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Flood estimation and flood management have traditionally been the domain of hydrologists, water resources engineers and statisticians, and disciplinary approaches abound. Dominant views have been shaped; one example is the catchment perspective: floods are formed and influenced by the interaction of local, catchment-specific characteristics, such as meteorology, topography and geology. These traditional views have been beneficial, but they have a narrow framing. In this paper we contrast traditional views with broader perspectives that are emerging from an improved understanding of the climatic context of floods. We come to the following conclusions: (1) extending the traditional system boundaries (local catchment, recent decades, hydrological/hydraulic processes) opens up exciting possibilities for better understanding and improved tools for flood risk assessment and management. (2) Statistical approaches in flood estimation need to be complemented by the search for the causal mechanisms and dominant processes in the atmosphere, catchment and river system that leave their fingerprints on flood characteristics. (3) Natural climate variability leads to time-varying flood characteristics, and this variation may be partially quantifiable and predictable, with the perspective of dynamic, climate-informed flood risk management. (4) Efforts are needed to fully account for factors that contribute to changes in all three risk components (hazard, exposure, vulnerability) and to better understand the interactions between society and floods. (5) Given the global scale and societal importance, we call for the organization of an international multidisciplinary collaboration and data-sharing initiative to further understand the links between climate and flooding and to advance flood research.

ACS Style

B. Merz; J. Aerts; K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen; M. Baldi; A. Becker; A. Bichet; G. Blöschl; L. M. Bouwer; A. Brauer; F. Cioffi; J. M. Delgado; M. Gocht; F. Guzzetti; S. Harrigan; K. Hirschboeck; C. Kilsby; W. Kron; H.-H. Kwon; U. Lall; R. Merz; K. Nissen; P. Salvatti; T. Swierczynski; U. Ulbrich; A. Viglione; P. J. Ward; M. Weiler; B. Wilhelm; M. Nied. Floods and climate: emerging perspectives for flood risk assessment and management. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2014, 14, 1921 -1942.

AMA Style

B. Merz, J. Aerts, K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen, M. Baldi, A. Becker, A. Bichet, G. Blöschl, L. M. Bouwer, A. Brauer, F. Cioffi, J. M. Delgado, M. Gocht, F. Guzzetti, S. Harrigan, K. Hirschboeck, C. Kilsby, W. Kron, H.-H. Kwon, U. Lall, R. Merz, K. Nissen, P. Salvatti, T. Swierczynski, U. Ulbrich, A. Viglione, P. J. Ward, M. Weiler, B. Wilhelm, M. Nied. Floods and climate: emerging perspectives for flood risk assessment and management. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2014; 14 (7):1921-1942.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Merz; J. Aerts; K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen; M. Baldi; A. Becker; A. Bichet; G. Blöschl; L. M. Bouwer; A. Brauer; F. Cioffi; J. M. Delgado; M. Gocht; F. Guzzetti; S. Harrigan; K. Hirschboeck; C. Kilsby; W. Kron; H.-H. Kwon; U. Lall; R. Merz; K. Nissen; P. Salvatti; T. Swierczynski; U. Ulbrich; A. Viglione; P. J. Ward; M. Weiler; B. Wilhelm; M. Nied. 2014. "Floods and climate: emerging perspectives for flood risk assessment and management." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 7: 1921-1942.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Atmospheric Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Marina Baldi; Virginia Ciardini; John David Dalu; Tiziana De Filippis; Gianpiero Maracchi; Giovanni Dalu. Hail occurrence in Italy: Towards a national database and climatology. Atmospheric Research 2014, 138, 268 -277.

AMA Style

Marina Baldi, Virginia Ciardini, John David Dalu, Tiziana De Filippis, Gianpiero Maracchi, Giovanni Dalu. Hail occurrence in Italy: Towards a national database and climatology. Atmospheric Research. 2014; 138 ():268-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marina Baldi; Virginia Ciardini; John David Dalu; Tiziana De Filippis; Gianpiero Maracchi; Giovanni Dalu. 2014. "Hail occurrence in Italy: Towards a national database and climatology." Atmospheric Research 138, no. : 268-277.

Preprint content
Published: 14 February 2014 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Flood estimation and flood management have traditionally been the domain of hydrologists, water resources engineers and statisticians, and disciplinary approaches have abound. Dominant views have been shaped; one example is the catchment perspective: floods are formed and influenced by the interaction of local, catchment-specific characteristics, such as meteorology, topography and geology. These traditional views have been beneficial, but they have a narrow framing. In this paper we contrast traditional views with broader perspectives that are emerging from an improved understanding of the climatic context of floods. We conclude: (1) extending the traditional system boundaries (local catchment, recent decades, hydrological/hydraulic processes) opens up exciting possibilities for better understanding and improved tools for flood risk assessment and management. (2) Statistical approaches in flood estimation need to be complemented by the search for the causal mechanisms and dominant processes in the atmosphere, catchment and river system that leave their fingerprints on flood characteristic. (3) Natural climate variability leads to time-varying flood characteristics, and this variation may be partially quantifiable and predictable, with the perspective of a dynamic, climate informed flood risk management. (4) Efforts are needed to fully account for factors that contribute to changes in all three risk components (hazard, exposure, vulnerability), and to better understand the interactions between society and floods. (5) Given the global scale and societal importance, we call for the organization of an international multidisciplinary collaboration and data sharing initiative to understand further the links between climate and flooding and to advance flood research.

ACS Style

B. Merz; J. Aerts; K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen; M. Baldi; A. Becker; A. Bichet; G. Blöschl; L. M. Bouwer; A. Brauer; F. Cioffi; J. M. Delgado; M. Gocht; F. Guzzetti; S. Harrigan; K. Hirschboeck; C. Kilsby; W. Kron; H.-H. Kwon; U. Lall; R. Merz; K. Nissen; P. Salvatti; T. Swierczynski; U. Ulbrich; A. Viglione; P. J. Ward; M. Weiler; B. Wilhelm; M. Nied. Floods and climate: emerging perspectives for flood risk assessment and management. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2014, 14, 1921 -1942.

AMA Style

B. Merz, J. Aerts, K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen, M. Baldi, A. Becker, A. Bichet, G. Blöschl, L. M. Bouwer, A. Brauer, F. Cioffi, J. M. Delgado, M. Gocht, F. Guzzetti, S. Harrigan, K. Hirschboeck, C. Kilsby, W. Kron, H.-H. Kwon, U. Lall, R. Merz, K. Nissen, P. Salvatti, T. Swierczynski, U. Ulbrich, A. Viglione, P. J. Ward, M. Weiler, B. Wilhelm, M. Nied. Floods and climate: emerging perspectives for flood risk assessment and management. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 2014; 14 (7):1921-1942.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Merz; J. Aerts; K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen; M. Baldi; A. Becker; A. Bichet; G. Blöschl; L. M. Bouwer; A. Brauer; F. Cioffi; J. M. Delgado; M. Gocht; F. Guzzetti; S. Harrigan; K. Hirschboeck; C. Kilsby; W. Kron; H.-H. Kwon; U. Lall; R. Merz; K. Nissen; P. Salvatti; T. Swierczynski; U. Ulbrich; A. Viglione; P. J. Ward; M. Weiler; B. Wilhelm; M. Nied. 2014. "Floods and climate: emerging perspectives for flood risk assessment and management." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 14, no. 7: 1921-1942.

Book chapter
Published: 31 January 2013 in Advances in Global Change Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Mediterranean climate change during the last 60 years is based on homogenized daily temperature and quality controlled precipitation observational data and gridded products. The estimated changes indicate statistically significant Mediterranean summer temperature increase and a reduction in winter precipitation in specific areas. Reconstructions of Mediterranean sea level suggest a rise of some 150 mm since the beginning of the nineteenth century. A 20 years long reanalysis (1985–2007) was produced, showing long term temperature variability and a positive salinity trend in the ocean layers from the surface to 1,500 m depth. A prominent increase in summer temperature extremes is found in the whole Mediterranean region, while warm bias in the mid twentieth century station data is removed by homogenization. No basin-wide trends in precipitation and droughts are found for the second half of the twentieth century, while trends in extreme winds are largely negative, as are those of the related cyclones and cut-off-lows. The role of large scale pressure patterns like the NAO for variabilities and trends is discussed for the different parameters considered.

ACS Style

Uwe Ulbrich; Elena Xoplaki; Srdjan Dobricic; Ricardo García-Herrera; Piero Lionello; Mario Adani; Marina Baldi; David Barriopedro; Paolo Coccimiglio; Giovanni Dalu; Dimitrios Efthymiadis; Marco Gaetani; Maria Barbara Galati; Luis Gimeno; Clare M. Goodess; Phil D. Jones; Franz G. Kuglitsch; Gregor C. Leckebusch; Juerg Luterbacher; Marta Marcos-Moreno; Annarita Mariotti; Raquel Nieto; Katrin M. Nissen; Daniele Pettenuzzo; Nadia Pinardi; Cosimo Pino; Andrew G. P. Shaw; Pedro Sousa; Andrea Toreti; Ricardo Trigo; Mikis Tsimplis. Past and Current Climate Changes in the Mediterranean Region. Advances in Global Change Research 2013, 50, 9 -51.

AMA Style

Uwe Ulbrich, Elena Xoplaki, Srdjan Dobricic, Ricardo García-Herrera, Piero Lionello, Mario Adani, Marina Baldi, David Barriopedro, Paolo Coccimiglio, Giovanni Dalu, Dimitrios Efthymiadis, Marco Gaetani, Maria Barbara Galati, Luis Gimeno, Clare M. Goodess, Phil D. Jones, Franz G. Kuglitsch, Gregor C. Leckebusch, Juerg Luterbacher, Marta Marcos-Moreno, Annarita Mariotti, Raquel Nieto, Katrin M. Nissen, Daniele Pettenuzzo, Nadia Pinardi, Cosimo Pino, Andrew G. P. Shaw, Pedro Sousa, Andrea Toreti, Ricardo Trigo, Mikis Tsimplis. Past and Current Climate Changes in the Mediterranean Region. Advances in Global Change Research. 2013; 50 ():9-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uwe Ulbrich; Elena Xoplaki; Srdjan Dobricic; Ricardo García-Herrera; Piero Lionello; Mario Adani; Marina Baldi; David Barriopedro; Paolo Coccimiglio; Giovanni Dalu; Dimitrios Efthymiadis; Marco Gaetani; Maria Barbara Galati; Luis Gimeno; Clare M. Goodess; Phil D. Jones; Franz G. Kuglitsch; Gregor C. Leckebusch; Juerg Luterbacher; Marta Marcos-Moreno; Annarita Mariotti; Raquel Nieto; Katrin M. Nissen; Daniele Pettenuzzo; Nadia Pinardi; Cosimo Pino; Andrew G. P. Shaw; Pedro Sousa; Andrea Toreti; Ricardo Trigo; Mikis Tsimplis. 2013. "Past and Current Climate Changes in the Mediterranean Region." Advances in Global Change Research 50, no. : 9-51.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2012 in International Journal of Biometeorology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Results show that the year-to-year quality variation of wines produced in North and Central Italy depends on the large-scale climate variability, and that the wine quality improvement in the last four decades is partially due to an increase of temperature and to a decrease of precipitation in West and Central Mediterranean Europe (WME; CME). In addition, wine quality is positively correlated with air temperature throughout the entire active period of the grapevine, weakly negatively correlated with precipitation in spring, and well negatively correlated in summer and fall. The month-to-month composites of the NAO anomaly show that, in years of good quality wine, this anomaly is negative in late spring, oscillates around zero in summer, and is positive in early fall; while, in years of bad quality wine, it is positive in late spring and summer, and negative in early fall, i.e. its polarity has an opposite sign in spring and fall in good versus bad years. The composite seasonal maps show that good wines are produced when the spring jet stream over the Atlantic diverts most of the weather perturbations towards North Europe, still providing a sufficient amount of rainwater to CME; when summer warming induced by southerly winds is balanced by the cooling induced by westerly winds; and when a positive geopotential anomaly over WME shelters CME from fall Atlantic storms. Bad quality wines are produced when the jet stream favors the intrusion of the Atlantic weather perturbations into the Mediterranean. Results suggest that atmospheric pattern persistencies can be used as precursors for wine quality forecast.

ACS Style

John David Dalu; Marina Baldi; Anna Dalla Marta; Simone Orlandini; Gianpiero Maracchi; Giovanni Dalu; Daniele Grifoni; Marco Mancini. Mediterranean climate patterns and wine quality in North and Central Italy. International Journal of Biometeorology 2012, 57, 729 -742.

AMA Style

John David Dalu, Marina Baldi, Anna Dalla Marta, Simone Orlandini, Gianpiero Maracchi, Giovanni Dalu, Daniele Grifoni, Marco Mancini. Mediterranean climate patterns and wine quality in North and Central Italy. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2012; 57 (5):729-742.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John David Dalu; Marina Baldi; Anna Dalla Marta; Simone Orlandini; Gianpiero Maracchi; Giovanni Dalu; Daniele Grifoni; Marco Mancini. 2012. "Mediterranean climate patterns and wine quality in North and Central Italy." International Journal of Biometeorology 57, no. 5: 729-742.

Research article
Published: 22 February 2011 in International Journal of Climatology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Using 6‐year data collected in a high‐resolution network of 19 stations in the province of Alicante (Spain), the characteristics of sea breezes for the period 2000–2005 were studied. This study attempts to develop a multi‐year climatology of sea breeze flows focusing on a Western Mediterranean coastal site. We used half‐hourly meteorological records from a reference station in Alicante and sea surface temperature measurements at Albufereta beach to identify past sea breeze episodes, on the basis of an objective selection technique. A total of 475 sea breeze events during the 6‐year period were identified and the following parameters were determined: mean time of onset, mean wind speed and direction at the time of onset, mean time of cessation, mean temporal dimension (duration), mean maximum velocity, mean time of maximum velocity and mean wind path of the sea breeze. The mean onset and cessation times are 0940 UTC and 2009 UTC (local standard time = UTC + 0100 h, or + 0200 h with daylight‐saving time), respectively, with a mean duration of 1029 h. The mean wind speed at the time of the passage of sea breeze fronts is low (2.07 m s−1), but sea breeze gust intensities range from 3.6 to 11.6 m s−1 and they generally occur during 1200–1300 UTC. Southerly and southeasterly onset flows dominate in winter, whereas more easterly onsets occur in spring and summer. The mean inland directed wind path of the sea breezes is 97.7 km with noteworthy differences throughout the year; a case study showed onshore wind peaks of 11.1 m s−1, 50‐km inland of the Vinalopó river valley in the late afternoon. The spatial and temporal change in wind speed and direction were also analysed, using multi‐year wind hodographs for the 19 stations and eight well‐defined synoptic patterns favouring the development of sea breezes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society

ACS Style

Cesar Azorin-Molina; Deliang Chen; Sander Tijm; Marina Baldi. A multi-year study of sea breezes in a Mediterranean coastal site: Alicante (Spain). International Journal of Climatology 2011, 31, 468 -486.

AMA Style

Cesar Azorin-Molina, Deliang Chen, Sander Tijm, Marina Baldi. A multi-year study of sea breezes in a Mediterranean coastal site: Alicante (Spain). International Journal of Climatology. 2011; 31 (3):468-486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cesar Azorin-Molina; Deliang Chen; Sander Tijm; Marina Baldi. 2011. "A multi-year study of sea breezes in a Mediterranean coastal site: Alicante (Spain)." International Journal of Climatology 31, no. 3: 468-486.

Special issue article
Published: 01 January 2011 in Atmospheric Science Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Research into land–atmosphere coupling within the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis has highlighted the atmospheric impact of soil moisture on space scales of 5 km upwards and time scales of several days. Observational and modelling studies have shown how antecedent rainfall patterns affect new storms in the Sahel. The land feedback operates through various mechanisms, including a direct link to afternoon storm initiation from surface‐induced mesoscale circulations, and indirectly via a large‐scale moisture transport in the nocturnal monsoon. The results suggest potential for significant improvements in weather forecasting through assimilation of satellite data. Intriguing questions remain about the importance of vegetation memory on seasonal–interannual scales. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society

ACS Style

Christopher Taylor; Douglas Parker; Norbert Kalthoff; Miguel Angel Gaertner; Nathalie Philippon; Sophie Bastin; Phil Harris; Aaron Boone; Françoise Guichard; Anna Agusti-Panareda; Marina Baldi; Paolina Bongioannini Cerlini; Luc Descroix; Hervé Douville; Cyrille Flamant; Jean-Yves Grandpeix; Jan Polcher. New perspectives on land-atmosphere feedbacks from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis. Atmospheric Science Letters 2011, 12, 38 -44.

AMA Style

Christopher Taylor, Douglas Parker, Norbert Kalthoff, Miguel Angel Gaertner, Nathalie Philippon, Sophie Bastin, Phil Harris, Aaron Boone, Françoise Guichard, Anna Agusti-Panareda, Marina Baldi, Paolina Bongioannini Cerlini, Luc Descroix, Hervé Douville, Cyrille Flamant, Jean-Yves Grandpeix, Jan Polcher. New perspectives on land-atmosphere feedbacks from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis. Atmospheric Science Letters. 2011; 12 (1):38-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Taylor; Douglas Parker; Norbert Kalthoff; Miguel Angel Gaertner; Nathalie Philippon; Sophie Bastin; Phil Harris; Aaron Boone; Françoise Guichard; Anna Agusti-Panareda; Marina Baldi; Paolina Bongioannini Cerlini; Luc Descroix; Hervé Douville; Cyrille Flamant; Jean-Yves Grandpeix; Jan Polcher. 2011. "New perspectives on land-atmosphere feedbacks from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis." Atmospheric Science Letters 12, no. 1: 38-44.

Climate and dynamics
Published: 23 December 2010 in Journal of Geophysical Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

[1] The influence of May to September sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Mediterranean Sea on the West African monsoon is investigated, analyzing the outputs of numerical sensitivity experiments performed using three atmospheric general circulation models (Action de Recherche Petite Échelle Grande Échelle, European/Hamburg, and University of California, Los Angeles) in the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis project. The precipitation and atmospheric dynamics response to the SST forcing is explored, in terms of intraseasonal variability, evaluating the results from the individual models and from the multimodel mean. A positive precipitation response to warmer than average conditions in the Mediterranean Sea is found in the Sudano‐Sahelian belt in August–September. The proposed dynamic mechanism underlying the Mediterranean action on the West African monsoon is based on the modifications produced by the SST forcing in the moisture content in the lower troposphere. A warmer eastern Mediterranean in August–September feeds the lower troposphere with additional moisture, with a consequent reinforcement of northerly moisture transport toward the Sahel. Furthermore, warmer SST is linked to a strengthening of the Saharan heat low and to an enhancement of the moist static energy meridional gradient over West Africa, favoring the northward displacement of the monsoonal front.

ACS Style

Marco Gaetani; Bernard Fontaine; Pascal Roucou; Marina Baldi. Influence of the Mediterranean Sea on the West African monsoon: Intraseasonal variability in numerical simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Gaetani, Bernard Fontaine, Pascal Roucou, Marina Baldi. Influence of the Mediterranean Sea on the West African monsoon: Intraseasonal variability in numerical simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2010; 115 (D24):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Gaetani; Bernard Fontaine; Pascal Roucou; Marina Baldi. 2010. "Influence of the Mediterranean Sea on the West African monsoon: Intraseasonal variability in numerical simulations." Journal of Geophysical Research 115, no. D24: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2010 in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The authors study the nonlinear dynamics of a density current generated by a diabatic source in a rotating and a nonrotating system, both in the presence and in the absence of frictional losses, using a steady-state hydrostatic shallow-water model and producing solutions as a function of the Coriolis parameter and of the Rayleigh friction coefficient. Results are presented in the range of the parameter values that are relevant for shallow atmospheric flows as sea–land breezes and as cold pool outflows. In the shallow-water approximation, single-layer flows and two-layer flows with a lid have three degrees of freedom, and their steady-state dynamics are governed by three ordinary differential equations (ODEs), whereas two-layer flows bounded by a free surface have six degrees of freedom, and their dynamics are governed by six ODEs. It is shown that in the limit case of frictionless flow, the problem has an explicit analytical solution, and in the presence of friction, the system for a one-layer flow and for a two-layer flow bounded by a lid can be reduced to two algebraic equations, plus one second-order ordinary differential equation, which can be integrated numerically. Results show that the maximum runout length of the current occurs when the Rayleigh friction coefficient in the lower layer is on the order of the Coriolis parameter. This length is larger when the upper layer is deeper than the lower layer, but it shortens when the friction coefficient of the upper layer is smaller than that in the lower layer. In addition, the relative error of the solution to the linearized equations is computed. This error, which is enhanced when the width of the forcing is smaller than the Rossby radius, is sizable when the friction coefficient is smaller than the Coriolis parameter. In addition, by comparing the nonlinear solution with a lid (three degrees of freedom) to the nonlinear solution with a free surface as an upper boundary (six degrees of freedom), it is shown that the solution with the lid overestimates the geopotential for low values of the friction coefficient and it underestimates the geopotential for large values of this coefficient. The error, sizable when the two layers have a comparable depth, rapidly decreases when the upper layer becomes deeper than the lower layer; accordingly, a rigid lid can be safely adopted only when the depth of the upper layer is twice the depth of the lower layer, or deeper.

ACS Style

Giovanni A. Dalu; Marina Baldi. Steady-State Dynamics of a Density Current in an f-Plane Nonlinear Shallow-Water Model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 2010, 67, 500 -514.

AMA Style

Giovanni A. Dalu, Marina Baldi. Steady-State Dynamics of a Density Current in an f-Plane Nonlinear Shallow-Water Model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 2010; 67 (2):500-514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni A. Dalu; Marina Baldi. 2010. "Steady-State Dynamics of a Density Current in an f-Plane Nonlinear Shallow-Water Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 2: 500-514.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2009 in International Journal of Climatology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of changes in extreme events of temperature and precipitation at 143 weather stations in ten Asia‐Pacific Network (APN) countries and their associations with changes in climate means are examined for the 1955–2007 period. Averaged over the APN region, annual frequency of cool nights (days) has decreased by 6.4 days/decade (3.3 days/decade), whereas the frequency of warm nights (days) has increased by 5.4 days/decade (3.9 days/decade). The change rates in the annual frequency of warm nights (days) over the last 20 years (1988–2007) have exceeded those over the full 1955–2007 period by a factor of 1.8 (3.4). Seasonally, the frequencies of summer warm nights and days are changing more rapidly per unit change in mean temperatures than the corresponding frequencies for cool nights and days. However, normalization of the extreme and mean series shows that the rate of changes in extreme temperature events are generally less than that of mean temperatures, except for winter cold nights which are changing as rapidly as the winter mean minimum temperature. These results indicate that there have been seasonally and diurnally asymmetric changes in extreme temperature events relative to recent increases in temperature means in the APN region. There are no systematic, regional trends over the study period in total precipitation, or in the frequency and duration of extreme precipitation events. Statistically significant trends in extreme precipitation events are observed at fewer than 30% of all weather stations, with no spatially coherent pattern of change, whereas statistically significant changes in extreme temperature events have occurred at more than 70% of all weather stations, forming strongly coherent spatial patterns. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society

ACS Style

Gwangyong Choi; Dean Collins; Guoyu Ren; Blair Trewin; Marina Baldi; Yoshikazu Fukuda; Muhammad Afzaal; Theeraluk Pianmana; Purevjav Gomboluudev; Pham Thi Thanh Huong; Norlisam Lias; Won-Tae Kwon; Kyung-On Boo; Yu-Mi Cha; Yaqing Zhou. Changes in means and extreme events of temperature and precipitation in the Asia-Pacific Network region, 1955-2007. International Journal of Climatology 2009, 29, 1906 -1925.

AMA Style

Gwangyong Choi, Dean Collins, Guoyu Ren, Blair Trewin, Marina Baldi, Yoshikazu Fukuda, Muhammad Afzaal, Theeraluk Pianmana, Purevjav Gomboluudev, Pham Thi Thanh Huong, Norlisam Lias, Won-Tae Kwon, Kyung-On Boo, Yu-Mi Cha, Yaqing Zhou. Changes in means and extreme events of temperature and precipitation in the Asia-Pacific Network region, 1955-2007. International Journal of Climatology. 2009; 29 (13):1906-1925.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gwangyong Choi; Dean Collins; Guoyu Ren; Blair Trewin; Marina Baldi; Yoshikazu Fukuda; Muhammad Afzaal; Theeraluk Pianmana; Purevjav Gomboluudev; Pham Thi Thanh Huong; Norlisam Lias; Won-Tae Kwon; Kyung-On Boo; Yu-Mi Cha; Yaqing Zhou. 2009. "Changes in means and extreme events of temperature and precipitation in the Asia-Pacific Network region, 1955-2007." International Journal of Climatology 29, no. 13: 1906-1925.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2006 in International Journal of Climatology
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Marina Baldi; Giovanni Dalu; Giampiero Maracchi; Massimiliano Pasqui; Francesco Cesarone. Heat waves in the Mediterranean: a local feature or a larger-scale effect? International Journal of Climatology 2006, 26, 1477 -1487.

AMA Style

Marina Baldi, Giovanni Dalu, Giampiero Maracchi, Massimiliano Pasqui, Francesco Cesarone. Heat waves in the Mediterranean: a local feature or a larger-scale effect? International Journal of Climatology. 2006; 26 (11):1477-1487.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marina Baldi; Giovanni Dalu; Giampiero Maracchi; Massimiliano Pasqui; Francesco Cesarone. 2006. "Heat waves in the Mediterranean: a local feature or a larger-scale effect?" International Journal of Climatology 26, no. 11: 1477-1487.

Book chapter
Published: 02 March 2006 in Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIV
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Itsushi Uno; Seita Emori; Marina Baldi. Chemical Transpory Model on-line Coupled with RAMS for Regional Chemical Climate. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIV 2006, 75 -85.

AMA Style

Itsushi Uno, Seita Emori, Marina Baldi. Chemical Transpory Model on-line Coupled with RAMS for Regional Chemical Climate. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIV. 2006; ():75-85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Itsushi Uno; Seita Emori; Marina Baldi. 2006. "Chemical Transpory Model on-line Coupled with RAMS for Regional Chemical Climate." Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIV , no. : 75-85.