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Psychologist. Ph.D. in Social Science. Dean of the Social Science Department at Universidad de la Costa. Research interest: migration and social conflicts; climate displacement; human adaptation and climate change; violence legitimation.
This study aims to find causal factors of aggression in a group of Latino adolescents to achieve a greater understanding of human nature, taking into account personal and contextual variables. The fundamental hypothesis is that moral disengagement, personality traits, self-esteem, values, parenting, sex, and socioeconomic situation can function as possible casual factors of aggression in adolescents. The study examined the variables using the structural equations model (SEM) to determine causal factors of aggression in a sample of 827 adolescents (54% men and 46% women) between 11 and 16 years of age. According to the scientific literature review, sociodemographic, personal, and familiar variables were included in the causal model. The influence of the variables occurred in two ways: one that inhibits aggression and the other that reinforces it. The results are discussed based on identifying protective and risk factors against aggression: biological sex and values of conformity and transcendence as aggression’s inhibitors and, on the other hand, openness, moral disengagement, and leadership values as the most important predictors of aggression.
Claudia Robles-Haydar; Marina Martínez-González; Yuliana Flórez-Niño; Luz Ibáñez-Navarro; José Amar-Amar. Personal and Environmental Predictors of Aggression in Adolescence. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 933 .
AMA StyleClaudia Robles-Haydar, Marina Martínez-González, Yuliana Flórez-Niño, Luz Ibáñez-Navarro, José Amar-Amar. Personal and Environmental Predictors of Aggression in Adolescence. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):933.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Robles-Haydar; Marina Martínez-González; Yuliana Flórez-Niño; Luz Ibáñez-Navarro; José Amar-Amar. 2021. "Personal and Environmental Predictors of Aggression in Adolescence." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7: 933.
This study aimed to analyze gender, anxiety, and psychological inflexibility differences of high school students’ behaviors in a simulated situation of peer coercion into academic cheating. Method: A total of 1147 volunteer adolescents participated, (Men: N = 479; Mage = 16.3; Women: N = 668; Mage = 16.2). The participants saw 15 s animated online video presenting peer coercion into an academic cheating situation, including a questionnaire about their reactions to face the situation. They also answered the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for children and adolescents and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Gender was associated with the behaviors facing the situation. Higher state anxiety and inflexibility were present in those participants that avoided aggressive behaviors facing the situation; on the other hand, trait anxiety was present in those who reacted aggressively. Finally, higher anxiety and inflexibility were associated with the used moral disengagement mechanisms, but also with peers’ perception as sanctioning or being against the participants’ decision. The most aggressive students were more flexible and less stressed than those who tried to solve assertively. Expectations about peers seem to be relevant to the decision-making facing moral dilemmas and peer victimization.
Marina Martínez-González; Claudia Arenas-Rivera; Aura Cardozo-Rusinque; Aldair Morales-Cuadro; Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez; Yamile Turizo-Palencia; Vicente Clemente-Suárez. Psychological and Gender Differences in a Simulated Cheating Coercion Situation at School. Social Sciences 2021, 10, 265 .
AMA StyleMarina Martínez-González, Claudia Arenas-Rivera, Aura Cardozo-Rusinque, Aldair Morales-Cuadro, Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez, Yamile Turizo-Palencia, Vicente Clemente-Suárez. Psychological and Gender Differences in a Simulated Cheating Coercion Situation at School. Social Sciences. 2021; 10 (7):265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Martínez-González; Claudia Arenas-Rivera; Aura Cardozo-Rusinque; Aldair Morales-Cuadro; Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez; Yamile Turizo-Palencia; Vicente Clemente-Suárez. 2021. "Psychological and Gender Differences in a Simulated Cheating Coercion Situation at School." Social Sciences 10, no. 7: 265.
This research analyzes the decisions made by women facing simulated situations of psychological abuse. Seventy-three women (36.9 ± 13.6 years) who had been victims of domestic violence participated. The analysis was based on their coping strategies, early maladaptive schemes, and their decisions in response to vignettes describing the following domestic violence situations: humiliation to women’s maternal identity with children as witnesses and body shaming. We used Student’s t and Mann–Whitney tests to compare the results between groups. The participants presented some coping strategies (social support seeking, wishful thinking, and professional support seeking) and several early maladaptive schemes (emotional deprivation, defectiveness/shame, social isolation/alienation, failure to achieve, attachment, and subjugation) associated with their reactions facing a situation of humiliation with children as witnesses. When the humiliation was against the body image, their reactions were associated with some coping strategies (wishful thinking, professional support seeking, autonomy, negative auto-focus coping, and positive reappraisal) and one maladaptive scheme (defectiveness/shame). Women who reacted avoidantly showed higher social and professional support seeking but experienced higher indicators of discomfort and deterioration of self-esteem than those who opted for assertive decisions. The presence of children as witnesses seems to be a factor of stress in the configuration of coping strategies and maladaptive schemes in female victims of domestic violence. The evolution of early maladaptive schemes and coping strategies requires observation to avoid the risk of isolation and permanence in victimizing relationships.
Marina Martínez-González; Diana Pérez-Pedraza; Judys Alfaro-Álvarez; Claudia Reyes-Cervantes; María González-Malabet; Vicente Clemente-Suárez. Women Facing Psychological Abuse: How Do They Respond to Maternal Identity Humiliation and Body Shaming? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6627 .
AMA StyleMarina Martínez-González, Diana Pérez-Pedraza, Judys Alfaro-Álvarez, Claudia Reyes-Cervantes, María González-Malabet, Vicente Clemente-Suárez. Women Facing Psychological Abuse: How Do They Respond to Maternal Identity Humiliation and Body Shaming? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6627.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Martínez-González; Diana Pérez-Pedraza; Judys Alfaro-Álvarez; Claudia Reyes-Cervantes; María González-Malabet; Vicente Clemente-Suárez. 2021. "Women Facing Psychological Abuse: How Do They Respond to Maternal Identity Humiliation and Body Shaming?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6627.
Psychosocial intervention programs are carried out in Latin American communities with socioeconomic disadvantage to improve their quality of life; few evaluations are carried out to measure their effectiveness. The study aimed to determine if intervention processes in vulnerable communities might favor the children's development. An analysis of variance was used to find the dependence between different intervention processes and the cognitive development of 97 children between 3 and 6 years old. No relationship was found between the type of intervention received by the communities and their infants’ global cognitive development. However, the children of the community intervened by multiple agents and services showed significant differences related to a better performance in dimensions such as language, rhythm, memory, and attention. It is necessary to ensure nutrition and guarantee quality education, early stimulation, spaces of relationship with peers, and a community aware of their co-responsibility in childcare to improve children's cognitive development.
Paola Andrea Martínez–Sande; Kattia Cantillo Pacheco; Marina Begoña Martínez–González; Leidylizeth Hernandez Chajin. Cognitive development of children in vulnerable contexts: the role of psychosocial intervention. Early Child Development and Care 2021, 1 -8.
AMA StylePaola Andrea Martínez–Sande, Kattia Cantillo Pacheco, Marina Begoña Martínez–González, Leidylizeth Hernandez Chajin. Cognitive development of children in vulnerable contexts: the role of psychosocial intervention. Early Child Development and Care. 2021; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaola Andrea Martínez–Sande; Kattia Cantillo Pacheco; Marina Begoña Martínez–González; Leidylizeth Hernandez Chajin. 2021. "Cognitive development of children in vulnerable contexts: the role of psychosocial intervention." Early Child Development and Care , no. : 1-8.
We analyzed gender and anxiety differences in middle school students facing a physical peer aggression situation. The participants were 1147 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years (male: n = 479; female: n = 668) who watched a 12 s animation representing the situation and filled out a questionnaire to analyze the legitimation of violent behaviors and anxiety levels. We registered their decisions to solve the situation using a categorical scale that included assertive, avoidant, aggressive, submissive, and supportive behaviors. Gender was not associated with the adolescent’s behaviors in facing a simulated peer aggression situation. However, male teenagers tended to perceive adults as sanctioners and neutrals; those who used the diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization to justify their behavior also showed a higher state of anxiety. Female teenagers who expected legitimation from their peers, presented higher anxiety as well. Educational interventions may use these results, helping adolescents to understand that their acts have substantial implications in the lives of others. It is essential to develop group interventions that modify how adolescents manage their conflicts and change gender stereotypes that significantly impact health. We highlight the need for linking families in educational programs facing the challenges of transforming the legitimization of violence in parental practices.
Marina Martínez-González; Yamile Turizo-Palencia; Claudia Arenas-Rivera; Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez; Yeferson Gómez-López; Vicente Clemente-Suárez. Gender, Anxiety, and Legitimation of Violence in Adolescents Facing Simulated Physical Aggression at School. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 458 .
AMA StyleMarina Martínez-González, Yamile Turizo-Palencia, Claudia Arenas-Rivera, Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez, Yeferson Gómez-López, Vicente Clemente-Suárez. Gender, Anxiety, and Legitimation of Violence in Adolescents Facing Simulated Physical Aggression at School. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Martínez-González; Yamile Turizo-Palencia; Claudia Arenas-Rivera; Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez; Yeferson Gómez-López; Vicente Clemente-Suárez. 2021. "Gender, Anxiety, and Legitimation of Violence in Adolescents Facing Simulated Physical Aggression at School." Brain Sciences 11, no. 4: 458.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has surprised health authorities around the world producing a global health crisis. This research discusses the main psychosocial stressors associated with COVID-19 in the literature, and the responses of global public mental health services to these events. Thus, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a systematic literature review (SLR) of the available literature regarding mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct the present narrative review. Different stressors are identified in this pandemic, from psychophysiological, confinement, to social and work. Depending on the level of severity and the country of origin, various interventions have been applied that mark different ways of returning to normality and preparing new interventions. This new stressor has a direct impact on the mental health of the population, provoking governments, and health services to become more flexible, innovate and adapt to the changing situation. The use of technology and mass media could be an important tool in this aim. Independent of this, preparing the general population for possible future waves of the pandemic is currently the best measure to mitigate more serious effects on the mental health of the population.
Vicente Clemente-Suárez; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Manuel Jimenez; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Marina Martinez-Gonzalez; Juan Benitez-Agudelo; Natalia Perez-Palencia; Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3221 .
AMA StyleVicente Clemente-Suárez, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez, Manuel Jimenez, Alberto Hormeño-Holgado, Marina Martinez-Gonzalez, Juan Benitez-Agudelo, Natalia Perez-Palencia, Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas, Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVicente Clemente-Suárez; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Manuel Jimenez; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Marina Martinez-Gonzalez; Juan Benitez-Agudelo; Natalia Perez-Palencia; Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3221.
The Barranquilla Metropolitan Area is exposed and often vulnerable to various natural and anthropogenic hazards. The paper’s main objective is to identify the level of understanding that local and regional institutions have of such a multi-hazard scenario, as well as the effectiveness of governance arrangements in minimizing impacts. Research employed a questionnaire applied to 115 stakeholders from government and a survey of 391 households from four communities in the study area. Four focus groups were held during the update of the Barranquilla Development Plan 2020–2023. The results allowed the identification of an updated set of hazards and the levels of government response capacity. The overall level of capacity and effectiveness of local government to respond to hazards was classified as regular. Seventy-seven percent of epistemic ‘experts considered that the institutions responsible for risk management did not undertake sufficient analysis for identifying and managing multiple hazards. Finally, the research team developed a new model of risk management.
Celene Milanes; Marina Martínez-González; Jorge Moreno-Gómez; Ana Saltarín J.; Andres Suarez; Samuel Padilla-Llano; Alex Vasquez; Allan Lavell; Seweryn Zielinski. Multiple Hazards and Governance Model in the Barranquilla Metropolitan Area, Colombia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2669 .
AMA StyleCelene Milanes, Marina Martínez-González, Jorge Moreno-Gómez, Ana Saltarín J., Andres Suarez, Samuel Padilla-Llano, Alex Vasquez, Allan Lavell, Seweryn Zielinski. Multiple Hazards and Governance Model in the Barranquilla Metropolitan Area, Colombia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2669.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCelene Milanes; Marina Martínez-González; Jorge Moreno-Gómez; Ana Saltarín J.; Andres Suarez; Samuel Padilla-Llano; Alex Vasquez; Allan Lavell; Seweryn Zielinski. 2021. "Multiple Hazards and Governance Model in the Barranquilla Metropolitan Area, Colombia." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2669.
Life expectancy has increased in many countries throughout the world over recent years, leading to new challenges related to aging. A large part of the population is over 60 years old, and therefore studies that focus on financial autonomy and active aging are necessary. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between cognitive functioning and life satisfaction in relation to financial attitudes in a sample of 251 elderly adults (71% women) participating in an active aging program (M = 67.5, SD = 4.5). We used the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Satisfaction with Life scale, and a questionnaire about financial attitudes to gather data. Our results show that cognitive functioning and life satisfaction are related to certain financial attitudes. We also observed differences associated with gender, education level, and financial independence. According to our findings, life satisfaction should be taken into account when the financial attitudes of older adults are evaluated. The importance of support groups for the elderly is highlighted as well as of all those recreation and health programs, since they constitute a means of promoting well-being.
Claudia Idárraga-Cabrera; Jorge-Manuel Dueñas; Marina-Begoña Martínez-González; Regina Navarro-Blanco; Marianela Denegri-Coria; Mariana Pino. Cognitive Functioning, Life Satisfaction, and Their Relationship with the Financial Attitudes of Older Individuals Who Participate in an Active Aging Program. Behavioral Sciences 2020, 10, 189 .
AMA StyleClaudia Idárraga-Cabrera, Jorge-Manuel Dueñas, Marina-Begoña Martínez-González, Regina Navarro-Blanco, Marianela Denegri-Coria, Mariana Pino. Cognitive Functioning, Life Satisfaction, and Their Relationship with the Financial Attitudes of Older Individuals Who Participate in an Active Aging Program. Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Idárraga-Cabrera; Jorge-Manuel Dueñas; Marina-Begoña Martínez-González; Regina Navarro-Blanco; Marianela Denegri-Coria; Mariana Pino. 2020. "Cognitive Functioning, Life Satisfaction, and Their Relationship with the Financial Attitudes of Older Individuals Who Participate in an Active Aging Program." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 12: 189.
La ola invernal que experimentó Colombia entre los años 2010 y 2011 produjo una inundación sin precedentes en el municipio de Campo de la Cruz, Atlántico. A partir de un trabajo etnográfico que comprendió entrevistas, grupos focales y observación participante, se aborda la movilización humana originada por este desastre desde las nociones de desplazamiento climático, adaptación y prácticas de cuidado. Además, se analizan los cambios que se originaron en las costumbres y rutinas de la comunidad desplazada como respuesta a la fragmentación familiar y a la escasez de recursos y espacio. Asimismo, se discute la relevancia de la promoción e inclusión de la población en el manejo gubernamental de estos fenómenos.
Clara Inés De La Hoz-Del Real; José Juan Amar-Amar; Laura López-Muñoz; Marina Begoña Martínez-González. Desplazamiento climático de 2010-2011 en el municipio de Campo de la Cruz: reflexiones para la adaptación y el cuidado 8 años después. Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural 2019, 16, 1 .
AMA StyleClara Inés De La Hoz-Del Real, José Juan Amar-Amar, Laura López-Muñoz, Marina Begoña Martínez-González. Desplazamiento climático de 2010-2011 en el municipio de Campo de la Cruz: reflexiones para la adaptación y el cuidado 8 años después. Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural. 2019; 16 (84):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClara Inés De La Hoz-Del Real; José Juan Amar-Amar; Laura López-Muñoz; Marina Begoña Martínez-González. 2019. "Desplazamiento climático de 2010-2011 en el municipio de Campo de la Cruz: reflexiones para la adaptación y el cuidado 8 años después." Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural 16, no. 84: 1.
RESUMEN: Se exploró la relación entre factores psicosociales del contexto y el afrontamiento de conflictos en edad escolar. Una muestra de 378 niños (158 niños y 220 niñas) residentes en Barranquilla (Colombia), respondieron a un videojuego que simula situaciones de conflicto. El sexo fue determinante en el afrontamiento y en la expectativa sobre los pares y los adultos como sancionadores, neutrales o legitimadores de la violencia. El barrio y la televisión fueron los escenarios donde los niños observan más violencia, pero inciden en una mayor utilización del diálogo, lo que puede indicar modelos positivos de solución de conflictos más eficientes que los presentados por la familia. Se sugiere considerar los programas televisivos y los acuerdos comunitarios como complementos en la educación para la sana convivencia desde la infancia.
Aura Alicia Cardozo-Rusinque; Marina Begoña Martínez-González; Adriana Angélica De La Peña-Leiva; Inírida Avedaño-Villa; Tito José Crissien-Borrero. FACTORES PSICOSOCIALES ASOCIADOS AL CONFLICTO ENTRE MENORES EN EL CONTEXTO ESCOLAR. Educação & Sociedade 2019, 40, 1 .
AMA StyleAura Alicia Cardozo-Rusinque, Marina Begoña Martínez-González, Adriana Angélica De La Peña-Leiva, Inírida Avedaño-Villa, Tito José Crissien-Borrero. FACTORES PSICOSOCIALES ASOCIADOS AL CONFLICTO ENTRE MENORES EN EL CONTEXTO ESCOLAR. Educação & Sociedade. 2019; 40 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAura Alicia Cardozo-Rusinque; Marina Begoña Martínez-González; Adriana Angélica De La Peña-Leiva; Inírida Avedaño-Villa; Tito José Crissien-Borrero. 2019. "FACTORES PSICOSOCIALES ASOCIADOS AL CONFLICTO ENTRE MENORES EN EL CONTEXTO ESCOLAR." Educação & Sociedade 40, no. : 1.
El desplazamiento climático puede constituir un desafío para el desarrollo infantil, dado que las estrategias adoptadas por las familias y la comunidad, así como aquellas iniciativas o medidas institucionales para garantizar la supervivencia en este nuevo orden, no siempre se orientan al desarrollo integral de los infantes. Las prácticas de cuidado se ven afectadas por los dramáticos cambios a los que se enfrentan las familias en situación de desplazamiento, traduciéndose en la ruptura o transformación repentina de la cotidianidad. En ese sentido, el proyecto que se presenta, buscó conocer los retos en materia de cuidado infantil tras la ola invernal de 2010-2011, tomando como caso de estudio, las comunidades afectadas en el sur del departamento del Atlántico en Colombia.
José Juan Amar-Amar; Clara Inés De La Hoz-Del Real; Marina Begoña Martínez-González; Laura López-Muñoz. ESTRATEGIAS DE ADAPTACIÓN Y PRÁCTICAS DE CUIDADO EN COMUNIDADES DESPLAZADAS CLIMÁTICAS: CASO COLOMBIANO. Psicologia em Estudo 2018, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé Juan Amar-Amar, Clara Inés De La Hoz-Del Real, Marina Begoña Martínez-González, Laura López-Muñoz. ESTRATEGIAS DE ADAPTACIÓN Y PRÁCTICAS DE CUIDADO EN COMUNIDADES DESPLAZADAS CLIMÁTICAS: CASO COLOMBIANO. Psicologia em Estudo. 2018; 24 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Juan Amar-Amar; Clara Inés De La Hoz-Del Real; Marina Begoña Martínez-González; Laura López-Muñoz. 2018. "ESTRATEGIAS DE ADAPTACIÓN Y PRÁCTICAS DE CUIDADO EN COMUNIDADES DESPLAZADAS CLIMÁTICAS: CASO COLOMBIANO." Psicologia em Estudo 24, no. : 1.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the social categorization of poverty during childhood is based on essentialist beliefs. The study included 121 children, aged 5 to 7, from different socioeconomic backgrounds living in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. The children stated that the nature of this social category is based on situations external to the individuals rather than essentialist reasons. No significant differences were found as regards age, gender or socioeconomic status (SES), except in the capacity of the respondents to self-categorize their social status. Children who find fewer differences between members and non-members of a given category tend to err in their self-categorization, which is important for the prevention of social exclusion
José Amar Amar; Raimundo Abello Llanos; Marina Begoña Martínez-González; Ernesto Monroy Agamez; Omar Cortés Peña; Fernando Alexis Crespo Romero. Beliefs about poverty related to social categorization in childhood. Suma Psicológica 2015, 22, 9 -17.
AMA StyleJosé Amar Amar, Raimundo Abello Llanos, Marina Begoña Martínez-González, Ernesto Monroy Agamez, Omar Cortés Peña, Fernando Alexis Crespo Romero. Beliefs about poverty related to social categorization in childhood. Suma Psicológica. 2015; 22 (1):9-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Amar Amar; Raimundo Abello Llanos; Marina Begoña Martínez-González; Ernesto Monroy Agamez; Omar Cortés Peña; Fernando Alexis Crespo Romero. 2015. "Beliefs about poverty related to social categorization in childhood." Suma Psicológica 22, no. 1: 9-17.
La escala FPR-1 se desarrolló con el fin de analizar los factores personales de resiliencia en un grupo de 113 mujeres desplazadas por la violencia en Colombia. Para esto se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, explicativo, de corte psicométrico. El análisis factorial de la escala señala la presencia de 13 factores latentes en torno a los cuales se organiza la información. Se encontró que las mujeres más resilientes son las adultas intermedias seguidas de las mujeres mayores, mientras que las mujeres jóvenes tienden a la inconsistencia. Se destaca que la presencia de actitudes resilientes es explicada especialmente en relación al altruismo y la apertura a los demás.
José Juan Amar Amar; Leider Miguel Utria Utria; Raimundo Abello Llanos; Marina Begoña Martinez González; Fernando Alexis Crespo Romero. Construcción de la Escala de Factores Personales de Resiliencia (FPR-1) en mujeres víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia. Universitas Psychologica 2014, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé Juan Amar Amar, Leider Miguel Utria Utria, Raimundo Abello Llanos, Marina Begoña Martinez González, Fernando Alexis Crespo Romero. Construcción de la Escala de Factores Personales de Resiliencia (FPR-1) en mujeres víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia. Universitas Psychologica. 2014; 13 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Juan Amar Amar; Leider Miguel Utria Utria; Raimundo Abello Llanos; Marina Begoña Martinez González; Fernando Alexis Crespo Romero. 2014. "Construcción de la Escala de Factores Personales de Resiliencia (FPR-1) en mujeres víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia." Universitas Psychologica 13, no. 3: 1.