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Efficient use of scarce water resources is both a marketing objective and an environmental obligation for sustainable agriculture. In modern agricultural production, which is intensive and should at the same time be environmentally friendly, there is a need to monitor soil moisture, salinity and temperature. The aim of the study was to determine the demand of producers of agricultural and horticultural plants for equipment and systems for monitoring soil properties at an individual farm level in regions with highly developed agriculture. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1087 respondents, also direct interviews in Poland were undertaken. According to the producers' responses, it is important to know soil moisture, salinity and temperature, although currently only about 4% of the surveyed farmers have the equipment to evaluate these soil parameters. In their view cost is not the most important obstacle to the purchase of the necessary probes. More important is that the devices should be easy to install and use, and have an easy to use application for data collection, processing and transfer. The current market does not offer solutions that meet these producers expectations. The demand for suitable probes is very high as over 80% of the farmers declared their willingness to purchase such probes. Technical problems related to the operation and servicing of such equipment were the most frequently mentioned impediments in their use. However, farmers and horticulturists believe that knowledge of their soil properties would allow them to optimize the elements of cultivation technology, including the use of plant irrigation systems, the use of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products.
Lech Gałęzewski; Iwona Jaskulska; Dariusz Jaskulski; Arkadiusz Lewandowski; Agnieszka Szypłowska; Andrzej Wilczek; Maciej Szczepańczyk. Analysis of the need for soil moisture, salinity and temperature sensing in agriculture: a case study in Poland. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -14.
AMA StyleLech Gałęzewski, Iwona Jaskulska, Dariusz Jaskulski, Arkadiusz Lewandowski, Agnieszka Szypłowska, Andrzej Wilczek, Maciej Szczepańczyk. Analysis of the need for soil moisture, salinity and temperature sensing in agriculture: a case study in Poland. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLech Gałęzewski; Iwona Jaskulska; Dariusz Jaskulski; Arkadiusz Lewandowski; Agnieszka Szypłowska; Andrzej Wilczek; Maciej Szczepańczyk. 2021. "Analysis of the need for soil moisture, salinity and temperature sensing in agriculture: a case study in Poland." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-14.
Catch crop cultivation for green manure is considered to be a sustainable agricultural strategy whose main goal is to mitigate the negative effects of inappropriate plant sequent by increasing the soil biological activity, improving the nutrient content and reducing their loss from soil. Additionally, correct catch crop management is expected to improve the yield of consequent crops as well as their quality parameters. The effects of field pea when used as a catch crop, either incorporated in autumn or mulched and incorporated in spring vs. a control—without a catch crop on the soil chemical properties (total N, organic C, available forms of K and P) and the composition of spring barley grain and straw (total N, P, K, Ca) were studied for three years (2009 to 2011) in two-field, one-factor experiments, which were conducted on two different soil types (Luvisol and Phaeozem). The catch crop had no effect regarding the soil pH, soil organic C or total N content. In turn, applying a catch crop significantly affected the concentration of the available K (in both soils) and available P content (Phaeozem). The effect of a catch crop on the nutrients in the grain and straw of spring barley was associated with the soil type. In Luvisol, a catch crop, independent of its management, increased the total N and P in the grain and straw of spring barley. In Phaeozem, a catch crop that was incorporated in the autumn significantly increased the K content in grain.
Edward Wilczewski; Józef Sadkiewicz; Anna Piotrowska-Długosz; Lech Gałęzewski. Change of Plant Nutrients in Soil and Spring Barley Depending on the Field Pea Management as a Catch Crop. Agriculture 2021, 11, 394 .
AMA StyleEdward Wilczewski, Józef Sadkiewicz, Anna Piotrowska-Długosz, Lech Gałęzewski. Change of Plant Nutrients in Soil and Spring Barley Depending on the Field Pea Management as a Catch Crop. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (5):394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward Wilczewski; Józef Sadkiewicz; Anna Piotrowska-Długosz; Lech Gałęzewski. 2021. "Change of Plant Nutrients in Soil and Spring Barley Depending on the Field Pea Management as a Catch Crop." Agriculture 11, no. 5: 394.
Water content in soil determines practically all its physical, biochemical and microbiological properties, but most of all, the availability of water for plants. There are few scientific articles in world literature that review the techniques for measuring soil moisture, and there are no extensive studies in this field in the domestic literature. Users of measurement devices or systems should be aware of the accuracy and selectivity of their chosen methods to avoid later misinterpretation of the results. The above postulate is all the more important as world literature does not explain whether the determined soil moisture includes only water contained in its abiotic part or also water con-tained in living organisms. Much of the plant-water interaction research is carried out through pot experiments. Serious difficulties in conducting such experiments are the issues of regulating and maintaining the assumed sub-strate moisture. This study is aimed at solving three problems: – systematizing the knowledge of soil moisture measurement methods and the possibility of their application in agricultural practice and experiments, – verification of the hypothesis assuming that water contained in the roots of living plants may significantly change the results of soil moisture meas-urements, – designing alternative systems of automatic irrigation of pots characterized by sufficient precision and accuracy for experimental purposes. The analysis of the literature shows that despite the many techniques and a very wide range of available devices for measuring soil moisture, there are no economically viable solutions that could be widely used in field crop produc-tion. Therefore, it should be recognized that this is still an area of agricultural knowledge that has not been researched sufficiently by science. So far, the interpretation of soil moisture measurement results did not take into account the fact that, apart from water retained in the soil by physi-cal forces, certain amount of it is bound by living organisms. However, the present monograph shows that water contained in the roots of plants may, in the conditions of low soil moisture, constitute a large percentage – even sever-al dozen percent of the total water contained in the soil. The problem arises from the fact that currently used measuring devices are not selective for water actively bound by living organisms. One of the major problems with the implementation of research in vege-tation pots is the lack of the possibility of automated regulation of the sub-strate moisture that meets the experimental requirements. The currently used methods may generate too much uncontrolled variability of the water factor - in literature, there is no information on their validation. The technical solu-tions presented in the present study allow for the design of an automatic pots irrigation system characterized by precision and accuracy at a level that is suf-ficient for it to be used for experimental purposes.
Lech Gałęzewski. Wilgotność gleby – metodyczny aspekt badań rolniczych. Wilgotność gleby – metodyczny aspekt badań rolniczych 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleLech Gałęzewski. Wilgotność gleby – metodyczny aspekt badań rolniczych. Wilgotność gleby – metodyczny aspekt badań rolniczych. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLech Gałęzewski. 2020. "Wilgotność gleby – metodyczny aspekt badań rolniczych." Wilgotność gleby – metodyczny aspekt badań rolniczych , no. : 1.
Tillage is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Its effect on soil properties depends on the system and, more specifically, on the degree of soil inversion and loosening. Strip-till is a non-inversive method that loosens only narrow soil strips. In strip-till one-pass (ST-OP) technology, tillage is combined with a simultaneous application of fertilizers and seed sowing. In a static multi-year field experiment, the soil properties after application of ST-OP for 8 years were compared to those of soil under conventional tillage with the use of a moldboard plough to a depth of 20 cm (CT), and equally deep loosened and mixed reduced tillage (RT). A field experiment of these three treatments was performed since 2012 in sandy loam soil, Luvisol. A total of 44 features were examined that described the physical, chemical, biological, and biochemical soil properties in the 0–20 cm layer, and penetration resistance (PR), bulk density (BD), and soil moisture (SM) in the 25–30 cm layer. The influence of the ST-OP technology on the yield of crops was also determined. Multivariate analysis shows that the ST-OP method, in terms of affecting the soil properties, differs considerably from RT and CT treatments. The soil after the ST-OP method contained two- to four-fold more earthworms (En), with a mass (Em) 2- to 5-fold higher, than those in the soil following RT and CT, respectively. In the ST-OP soil the content of available phosphorus (Pa) and available potassium (Ka); the total count of bacteria (Bt), cellulolytic microorganisms (Bc), and fungi (Ff); and the activity of phosphatases (AlP, AcP) were significantly higher. Compared with CT, the content of total organic carbon (Ct) and its content in the fractions of organic matter were also higher, with the exception of humins (CH). The yields of winter rapeseed and winter wheat using the ST-OP technology were marginally higher compared with those using the CT and RT technology.
Iwona Jaskulska; Kestutis Romaneckas; Dariusz Jaskulski; Lech Gałęzewski; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Bożena Dębska; Joanna Lemanowicz. Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1596 .
AMA StyleIwona Jaskulska, Kestutis Romaneckas, Dariusz Jaskulski, Lech Gałęzewski, Barbara Breza-Boruta, Bożena Dębska, Joanna Lemanowicz. Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Jaskulska; Kestutis Romaneckas; Dariusz Jaskulski; Lech Gałęzewski; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Bożena Dębska; Joanna Lemanowicz. 2020. "Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1596.
Taking into account the climatic conditions of central Europe, yellow lupine is often considered as an alternative to soybean, which has significantly higher thermal requirements. Attempts to intercrop yellow lupine with cereals have often resulted in failure. In combined production, the relative amount of lupine has proven to be considerably smaller given the sowing mix proportions and its yield potential in pure stand. Low yield is attributed to lupine’s low competitive potential, therefore strip intercropping presents a viable alternative. The main goal of the experiment was to determine the response of yellow lupine to the neighboring presence of wheat, triticale, barley, and pea, as well as to estimate the production effects of lupine in strip intercropping. Field trials were carried out in Poland (53°13′ N; 17°51′ E) in the years 2008–2010. The experimental factor consisted of row layout: a four-row separation between lupine and the neighboring species. The proximity of cereals and peas proved to be most unfavorable to yellow lupine. It was determined that yellow lupine was most intolerant of barley and least affected by the proximity of peas. Depending on the neighboring species, adverse effects extended up to the third row of lupine’s canopy. A beneficial alternative for the production effect involves an introduction of a path separating the lupine strip from the tested species.
Lech Gałęzewski; Iwona Jaskulska; Edward Wilczewski; Anna Wenda-Piesik. Response of Yellow Lupine to the Proximity of Other Plants and Unplanted Path in Strip Intercropping. Agriculture 2020, 10, 285 .
AMA StyleLech Gałęzewski, Iwona Jaskulska, Edward Wilczewski, Anna Wenda-Piesik. Response of Yellow Lupine to the Proximity of Other Plants and Unplanted Path in Strip Intercropping. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (7):285.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLech Gałęzewski; Iwona Jaskulska; Edward Wilczewski; Anna Wenda-Piesik. 2020. "Response of Yellow Lupine to the Proximity of Other Plants and Unplanted Path in Strip Intercropping." Agriculture 10, no. 7: 285.
Background. Because of its relatively low soil requirements and resistance to abiotic stress spring triticale is potentially a good component of mixtures (intercropping). The technologically easiest to use type of this agricultural method, i.e. mixed intercropping, despite having many advantages is not, unfortunately, gaining in importance due to problems related to crop protection and the variable composition of yield. An alternative is strip intercropping, which combines the advantages of pure sowing and intercropping. The production value of such cultivation depends on mutual interactions at the junction of neighbouring rows of different plant species. The aim of the undertaken experiments was to find out the response of spring triticale to the neighbouring occurrence of wheat, barley, pea and yellow lupine and to estimate the production effects of strip intercropping of triticale in the vicinity of plants of these species. Material and methods. This study uses the results of field experiments conducted as part of research on mixed sowings carried out in 2008–2010 in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz (53o13’ N; 17o51’ E). The experimental factor was the location of a plant row, within a strip, for the first four rows into the strip from the neighbouring species. The first row (contact row) was 12.5 cm away from the first row of the neighbouring species. The experimental unit was subsequent plant rows each four metres long. Results. Proximity of spring wheat, spring barley and pea was unfavourable for the growth and yield of spring triticale, especially in the row directly adjacent to a stand of the indicated species. The estimated reduction in triticale yield in strip intercropping, with three-meter wide strips in the two-sided neighbourhood of wheat, barley and pea, would amount to 2.67%, 4.85% and 4.36%, respectively. On the other hand, the proximity of yellow lupine resulted in a slight increase in the plant mass, including straw, the number of grains per spike and in grain yield, but only in the first row. The estimated increase in the yield of spring triticale grown in strip intercropping with yellow lupine, in 3-m-wide strips, was small and only amounted to 1.45%. Conclusion. The selection of plant species to neighbour with spring triticale in strip intercropping had a significant impact on the effect of spring triticale cultivation.
Lech Gałęzewski. PROXIMITY EFFECT OF SPRING CEREALS AND LEGUMES IN STRIP INTERCROPPING. PART IV. RESPONSE OF TRITICALE TO THE PROXIMITY OF WHEAT, BARLEY, PEA AND YELLOW LUPINE. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Agricultura 2020, 19, 55 -67.
AMA StyleLech Gałęzewski. PROXIMITY EFFECT OF SPRING CEREALS AND LEGUMES IN STRIP INTERCROPPING. PART IV. RESPONSE OF TRITICALE TO THE PROXIMITY OF WHEAT, BARLEY, PEA AND YELLOW LUPINE. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Agricultura. 2020; 19 (2):55-67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLech Gałęzewski. 2020. "PROXIMITY EFFECT OF SPRING CEREALS AND LEGUMES IN STRIP INTERCROPPING. PART IV. RESPONSE OF TRITICALE TO THE PROXIMITY OF WHEAT, BARLEY, PEA AND YELLOW LUPINE." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Agricultura 19, no. 2: 55-67.
Zonal tillage, including strip-till, can have a positive effect on soil properties, seed germination, plant emergence, growth, and yield of crops. The aim of this two-factor field experiment was to compare different technologies of basic soil tillage, fertilisation, and sowing of winter wheat carried out after two post-harvest agrotechnical practises in a region with low rainfall. The three treatments of the first factor were: conventional technology (CT)—plough tillage, pre-sowing fertilisation, seedbed preparation and sowing; reduced technology (RT)—plough tillage replaced with deep loosening and (ST)—one pass strip-till technology using a hybrid machine. Agrotechnical practises carried out after the harvest of the previous crop were the second factor treatments, i.e., crushed straw and shallow tillage (TS), mulch from crushed straw (MS). The measurement of the treatment effects included changes in soil moisture, plant emergence, yield components and their correlation, grain yield, and the dependence of the yield components on soil moisture. Wheat growing in ST technology resulted in a higher soil moisture than in RT and CT. Only immediately after winter was the soil moisture similar. Grain yield in ST was similar as in CT and significantly, up to 10.4%, higher than in RT. The higher ST grain yield resulted from uniform plant emergence, greater ear density, and grain weight per ear. The correlation between yield components was weaker in ST than in CT and RT. The positive dependence of the size of the crop components on soil moisture was also weaker. The agrotechnical practises performed right after the previous crop harvest affected neither the soil moisture during the growing season of winter wheat, nor the grain yield and its components.
Iwona Jaskulska; Dariusz Jaskulski; Marek Różniak; Maja Radziemska; Lech Gałęzewski. Zonal Tillage as Innovative Element of the Technology of Growing Winter Wheat: A Field Experiment under Low Rainfall Conditions. Agriculture 2020, 10, 105 .
AMA StyleIwona Jaskulska, Dariusz Jaskulski, Marek Różniak, Maja Radziemska, Lech Gałęzewski. Zonal Tillage as Innovative Element of the Technology of Growing Winter Wheat: A Field Experiment under Low Rainfall Conditions. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (4):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Jaskulska; Dariusz Jaskulski; Marek Różniak; Maja Radziemska; Lech Gałęzewski. 2020. "Zonal Tillage as Innovative Element of the Technology of Growing Winter Wheat: A Field Experiment under Low Rainfall Conditions." Agriculture 10, no. 4: 105.
The emergence of plants is especially important for the winter crops that are grown in the challenging environmental conditions of many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The emergence and initial growth of winter rapeseed were compared in field trials in a randomized block design with three replicates for plants sown in conventional tillage systems (CT) and strip-till (ST), which had different weather conditions and on soil with a non-uniform texture over a period of two years. Sowing in the CT was carried out using Horsch Pronto 4DC (Germany) at a row distance of 0.29 m. The ST operations were performed using a Pro-Til 4T drill manufactured by Mzuri Limited (Great Britain) - row spacing of 0.36 m. In favourable rainfall and thermal conditions, the density of winter rapeseed plants two weeks after sowing was found to be higher if it was sown after the CT than in the ST system. In the year that had a serious shortage of rainfall during the sowing period, a considerably higher density of plants was achieved using the ST system. The uniformity of plant growth using the ST technology in soil with a varied texture, especially in a year with an unfavourable distribution of rainfall, was proven by less variability in the number of leaves in the rosette, in the dry mass of the leaf rosette and in the root neck thickness of the winter rapeseed than in the CT system. The ST system can create good conditions for the initial development and preparation of rapeseed plants for wintering.
Iwona Jaskulska; Lech Gałęzewski; Mariusz Piekarczyk; Dariusz Jaskulski. Strip-till technology - a method for uniformity in the emergence and plant growth of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in different environmental conditions of Northern Poland. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2018, 13, 194 -199.
AMA StyleIwona Jaskulska, Lech Gałęzewski, Mariusz Piekarczyk, Dariusz Jaskulski. Strip-till technology - a method for uniformity in the emergence and plant growth of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in different environmental conditions of Northern Poland. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2018; 13 (3):194-199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Jaskulska; Lech Gałęzewski; Mariusz Piekarczyk; Dariusz Jaskulski. 2018. "Strip-till technology - a method for uniformity in the emergence and plant growth of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in different environmental conditions of Northern Poland." Italian Journal of Agronomy 13, no. 3: 194-199.
The mineral composition of cereal crops, the technological value of grain and flour, as well as bread quality are affected by the genotype, environment, and agronomic management practices. The aim of the research has been to investigate the effect of the environment and agronomic factors on the mineral composition and baking value of winter wheat grain. Opal cultivar grain of the genetically determined prime-quality wheat was obtained in a two-year field experiment (varied soil and weather). The agronomic management practices included tillage (conventional moldboard-plow, reduced ploughless, and strip-till) and nitrogen fertilisation rate (100 kg·N·ha−1, 200 kg·N·ha−1). In the grain samples, the content of macronutrients was assayed: P, K, Mg, Ca, and Na, total protein, and wet gluten as well as sedimentation value. The colour and the water absorption of flour and its content of protein and ash were determined. Laboratory baking was performed. It was found that the content of protein and gluten in grain, sedimentation value, bread volume, and weight changed depending on the environmental conditions and research years. Tillage and nitrogen rate, despite an effect on the properties of grain and flour, did not differentiate, however, the bread quality. The environmental conditions and agronomic management practices did not have a significant effect on the content of mineral nutrients in grain, except for calcium. The biofortification with mineral nutrients in prime-quality winter wheat cultivar grain by selecting the environmental and agronomic conditions seems more difficult than increasing the content of organic compounds and enhancement of flour and bread parameters.
Iwona Jaskulska; Dariusz Jaskulski; Lech Gałęzewski; Tomasz Knapowski; Wojciech Kozera; Roman Wacławowicz. Mineral Composition and Baking Value of the Winter Wheat Grain under Varied Environmental and Agronomic Conditions. Journal of Chemistry 2018, 2018, 1 -7.
AMA StyleIwona Jaskulska, Dariusz Jaskulski, Lech Gałęzewski, Tomasz Knapowski, Wojciech Kozera, Roman Wacławowicz. Mineral Composition and Baking Value of the Winter Wheat Grain under Varied Environmental and Agronomic Conditions. Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 2018 ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Jaskulska; Dariusz Jaskulski; Lech Gałęzewski; Tomasz Knapowski; Wojciech Kozera; Roman Wacławowicz. 2018. "Mineral Composition and Baking Value of the Winter Wheat Grain under Varied Environmental and Agronomic Conditions." Journal of Chemistry 2018, no. : 1-7.
Open Access Agricultural Journals published by Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information
I. Jaskulska; D. Jaskulski; M. Piekarczyk; K. Kotwica; Lech Gałęzewski; P. Wasilewski. Magnesium content in the leaves of winter wheat in a long-term fertilization experiment. Plant, Soil and Environment 2016, 61, 208 -212.
AMA StyleI. Jaskulska, D. Jaskulski, M. Piekarczyk, K. Kotwica, Lech Gałęzewski, P. Wasilewski. Magnesium content in the leaves of winter wheat in a long-term fertilization experiment. Plant, Soil and Environment. 2016; 61 (No. 5):208-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Jaskulska; D. Jaskulski; M. Piekarczyk; K. Kotwica; Lech Gałęzewski; P. Wasilewski. 2016. "Magnesium content in the leaves of winter wheat in a long-term fertilization experiment." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, no. No. 5: 208-212.
Mariusz Piekarczyk; Mirosław Kobierski; Iwona Jaskulska; Lech Gałęzewski. Content of available form of boron, copper, manganese, zinc and iron in sandy soil fertilised with barley, wheat and oilseed rape straw ash. Journal of Elementology 1970, 1 .
AMA StyleMariusz Piekarczyk, Mirosław Kobierski, Iwona Jaskulska, Lech Gałęzewski. Content of available form of boron, copper, manganese, zinc and iron in sandy soil fertilised with barley, wheat and oilseed rape straw ash. Journal of Elementology. 1970; (1/2018):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariusz Piekarczyk; Mirosław Kobierski; Iwona Jaskulska; Lech Gałęzewski. 1970. "Content of available form of boron, copper, manganese, zinc and iron in sandy soil fertilised with barley, wheat and oilseed rape straw ash." Journal of Elementology , no. 1/2018: 1.