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This paper presents the design and analytical modeling of the proposed solar photovoltaic standalone system under varying environmental conditions. The proposed system consists of a unique structure of a solar PV-tree, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, and DC–DC converter. The output voltage acquired from the solar PV tree is low. A DC–DC boost converter is utilized to step-up the required amount of voltage level. In this paper, the appropriate duty cycle is obtained for extracting the optimum power from the solar PV tree by using various MPPT mechanisms such as perturb and observe (P&O), incremental conductance (INC), and a radial basis function network (RBFN)-based neural network (NN). The proposed solar photovoltaic tree-based energy harvesting system is designed and validated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and real-time application. The simulation results of the above-mentioned three techniques are compared with each other in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed system with RBFN. The RBFN-MPPT provides a significant improvement in tracking efficiency of 6.0% and 5.72% as compared with the P&O method and the INC method at 1000 W/m2 irradiance condition. From the simulation and real-time results, it is concluded that the RBFN-based NN provides better tracking efficiency and less oscillation as compared with the other two algorithms.
Pitchai Pandiyan; Subramani Saravanan; Natarajan Prabaharan; Ramji Tiwari; Thangam Chinnadurai; Neelakandan Babu; Eklas Hossain. Implementation of Different MPPT Techniques in Solar PV Tree under Partial Shading Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7208 .
AMA StylePitchai Pandiyan, Subramani Saravanan, Natarajan Prabaharan, Ramji Tiwari, Thangam Chinnadurai, Neelakandan Babu, Eklas Hossain. Implementation of Different MPPT Techniques in Solar PV Tree under Partial Shading Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7208.
Chicago/Turabian StylePitchai Pandiyan; Subramani Saravanan; Natarajan Prabaharan; Ramji Tiwari; Thangam Chinnadurai; Neelakandan Babu; Eklas Hossain. 2021. "Implementation of Different MPPT Techniques in Solar PV Tree under Partial Shading Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7208.
Accurate and robust whole heart substructure segmentation is crucial in developing clinical applications, such as computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided surgery. However, the segmentation of different heart substructures is challenging because of inadequate edge or boundary information, the complexity of the background and texture, and the diversity in different substructures’ sizes and shapes. This article proposes a framework for multi-class whole heart segmentation employing non-rigid registration-based probabilistic atlas incorporating the Bayesian framework. We also propose a non-rigid registration pipeline utilizing a multi-resolution strategy for obtaining the highest attainable mutual information between the moving and fixed images. We further incorporate non-rigid registration into the expectation-maximization algorithm and implement different deep convolutional neural network-based encoder-decoder networks for ablation studies. All the extensive experiments are conducted utilizing the publicly available dataset for the whole heart segmentation containing 20 MRI and 20 CT cardiac images. The proposed approach exhibits an encouraging achievement, yielding a mean volume overlapping error of 14.5% for CT scans exceeding the state-of-the-art results by a margin of 1.3% in terms of the same metric. As the proposed approach provides better results to delineate the different substructures of the heart, it can be a medical diagnostic aiding tool for helping experts with quicker and more accurate results.
Tarun Kanti Ghosh; Kamrul Hasan; Shidhartho Roy; Ashraful Alam; Eklas Hossain; Mohiuddin Ahmad. Multi-Class Probabilistic Atlas-Based Whole Heart Segmentation Method in Cardiac CT and MRI. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 66948 -66964.
AMA StyleTarun Kanti Ghosh, Kamrul Hasan, Shidhartho Roy, Ashraful Alam, Eklas Hossain, Mohiuddin Ahmad. Multi-Class Probabilistic Atlas-Based Whole Heart Segmentation Method in Cardiac CT and MRI. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():66948-66964.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTarun Kanti Ghosh; Kamrul Hasan; Shidhartho Roy; Ashraful Alam; Eklas Hossain; Mohiuddin Ahmad. 2021. "Multi-Class Probabilistic Atlas-Based Whole Heart Segmentation Method in Cardiac CT and MRI." IEEE Access 9, no. : 66948-66964.
Many algorithms use clustering to improve vehicular ad hoc network performance. The expected points of many of these approaches support multiple rounds of data to the roadside unit and constantly include clustering in every round of single-hop data transmission towards the road side unit; however, the clustering in every round maximizes the number of control messages and there could be the possibility of collision and decreases in network energy. Multi-hop transmission prolongs the cluster head node’s lifetime and boosts the network’s efficiency. Accordingly, this article proposes a new fuzzy-clustering-based routing algorithm to benefit from multi-hop transmission clustering simultaneously. This research has analyzed the limitation of clustering in each round, different algorithms were used to perform the clustering, and multi-hop routing was used to transfer the data of every cluster to the road side unit. The fuzzy logic was used to choose the head node of each cluster. Three parameters, (1) distance of each node, (2) remaining energy, and (3) number of neighbors of every node, were considered as fuzzy criteria. The results of this research were compared to various other algorithms in relation to parameters like dead node in every round, first node expire, half node expire, last node expire, and the network lifetime. The simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms other methods. On the other hand, the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) environment is vulnerable at the time of data transmission. The NS-2 software tool was used to simulate and evaluate the proposed fuzzy logic opportunistic routing’s performance results concerning end-to-end delay, packet delivery, and network throughput. We compare to the existing protocols, such as fuzzy Internet of Things (IoT), two fuzzy, and Fuzzy-Based Driver Monitoring System (FDMS). The performance comparison also emphasizes an effective utilization of the resources. Simulations on the highway environment show that the suggested protocol has an improved Quality of Service (QoS) efficiency compared to the above published methods in the literature.
Imran Memon; Mohammad Hasan; Riaz Shaikh; Jamel Nebhen; Khairul Bakar; Eklas Hossain; Muhammad Tunio. Energy-Efficient Fuzzy Management System for Internet of Things Connected Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Electronics 2021, 10, 1068 .
AMA StyleImran Memon, Mohammad Hasan, Riaz Shaikh, Jamel Nebhen, Khairul Bakar, Eklas Hossain, Muhammad Tunio. Energy-Efficient Fuzzy Management System for Internet of Things Connected Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Electronics. 2021; 10 (9):1068.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImran Memon; Mohammad Hasan; Riaz Shaikh; Jamel Nebhen; Khairul Bakar; Eklas Hossain; Muhammad Tunio. 2021. "Energy-Efficient Fuzzy Management System for Internet of Things Connected Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." Electronics 10, no. 9: 1068.
The Energy Internet paradigm is the evolution of the Internet of Things concept in the power system. Microgrids (MGs), as the essential element in an Energy Internet, are expected to be controlled in a corporative and flexible manner. This paper proposes a novel decentralized robust control strategy for multi-agent systems (MASs) governed MGs in future Energy Internet. The proposed controller is based on a consensus algorithm applied with the connected distributed generators (DGs) in the MGs in the energy internet paradigm. The proposed controller’s objectives are the frequency/voltage regulation and proportional reactive/active power-sharing for the hybrid DGs connected MGs. A proposed two-level communication system is implemented to explain the data exchange between the MG system and the cloud server. The local communication level utilizes the transmission control protocol (TCP)/ internet protocol (IP) and the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is used as the protocol for the global communication level. The proposed control strategy has been verified using a hypothetical hybrid DGs connected MG such as photovoltaic or wind turbines in MATLAB Simulink environment. Several scenarios based on the system load types are implemented using residential buildings and small commercial outlets. The simulation results have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the introduced strategy for the MGs’ various operating conditions.
Bilal Alhasnawi; Basil Jasim; Bishoy Sedhom; Eklas Hossain; Josep Guerrero. A New Decentralized Control Strategy of Microgrids in the Internet of Energy Paradigm. Energies 2021, 14, 2183 .
AMA StyleBilal Alhasnawi, Basil Jasim, Bishoy Sedhom, Eklas Hossain, Josep Guerrero. A New Decentralized Control Strategy of Microgrids in the Internet of Energy Paradigm. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBilal Alhasnawi; Basil Jasim; Bishoy Sedhom; Eklas Hossain; Josep Guerrero. 2021. "A New Decentralized Control Strategy of Microgrids in the Internet of Energy Paradigm." Energies 14, no. 8: 2183.
The study of this work is to highlight the key metrics of various topologies in terms of output power, Fill Factor (FF), Mismatch Losses (ML) and efficiency. The idea behind this work is to analyze and obtain the performance of different topologies under various shading patterns. The major problem which comes across the path of Photovoltaic (PV) system performance is partial shading. The solution to this problem is to reconfigure the panels to achieve better results under shading conditions. For this, different configurations such as Series Parallel (SP), Total Cross Tied (TCT), Physical Relocation of Module with Fixed Electrical Connections (PRM-FEC), SuDoKu and Magic Square (MS) has been discussed, analyzed and compared using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation approach is used to describe the working and evaluation of all configurations. By the results obtained, it is clearly visible that MS method have achieved largest output power of 2877 W, highest efficieny of 10.24 %, FF is 0.481 and lowest ML of 772 W among all the configurations under Long Narrow (LnN) pattern.
Snigdha Sharma; Lokesh Varshney; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan; Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan; R. K. Saket; Umashankar Subramaniam; Eklas Hossain. Performance Enhancement of PV System Configurations Under Partial Shading Conditions Using MS Method. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 56630 -56644.
AMA StyleSnigdha Sharma, Lokesh Varshney, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, R. K. Saket, Umashankar Subramaniam, Eklas Hossain. Performance Enhancement of PV System Configurations Under Partial Shading Conditions Using MS Method. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):56630-56644.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSnigdha Sharma; Lokesh Varshney; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan; Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan; R. K. Saket; Umashankar Subramaniam; Eklas Hossain. 2021. "Performance Enhancement of PV System Configurations Under Partial Shading Conditions Using MS Method." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 56630-56644.
An organic solar cell (OSC), competitive with traditional one (Si-based), draws attention to future renewable energy sources due to its low-cost and continually rising efficiency. The tandem or multijunction structure undoubtedly offers an efficient way to boost the performance of OSCs. This work has explored the optical modeling of different organic photoactive materials to identify the potential materials for efficient tandem structure. The performance of double, triple, and quadruple junction tandem OSCs with suitable bandgaps has been analyzed with photoactive materials. The absorption efficiency enhances considerably using the thickness optimization of each subcell in tandem structures. Current matching in all subcells, an essential factor for efficient device operation, is taken into account while optimizing tandem structures. The quadruple design can achieve better photovoltaic performance than double or triple junction devices. The efficiency predicted from our proposed quadruple structure is ~15.45%, with a short-circuit current density, $\text{J}_{\mathrm {SC}}$ of $\sim 9$ mA/cm 2 and an open-circuit voltage, $\text{V}_{\mathrm {OC}}$ of ~2.64 V. These results are one of the high-performance in terms of organic photovoltaic (OPV). Therefore, the above findings indicate that OSCs are very potential for future photovoltaic applications.
Farha Islam Mime; Rafiqul Islam; Eklas Hossain; Ibrahim M. Mehedi; Tanvir Hasan. Design and Performance Analysis of Tandem Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Cell Parameter. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 40665 -40680.
AMA StyleFarha Islam Mime, Rafiqul Islam, Eklas Hossain, Ibrahim M. Mehedi, Tanvir Hasan. Design and Performance Analysis of Tandem Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Cell Parameter. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():40665-40680.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarha Islam Mime; Rafiqul Islam; Eklas Hossain; Ibrahim M. Mehedi; Tanvir Hasan. 2021. "Design and Performance Analysis of Tandem Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Cell Parameter." IEEE Access 9, no. : 40665-40680.
The rise in power shutdowns triggered by severe weather due to deteriorating climate change has expedited the research in enhancing community resilience. Several researchers and policy-makers have contributed to the characterization and parameterization of energy resilience and reliability in particular, which requires accumulated and coordinated studies to underline the outcomes and reflect those in future works on grid resilience and reliability enhancement. The concept of both the resilience and reliability of the grid systems should be defined and distinguished so that the systems can be clearly comprehended, assessed, and operated to maintain flawless operation and ensure environmental sustainability. This paper meets the mentioned objectives to discuss grid resilience and reliability, their quantification metrics, and their enhancement techniques in detail. The paper also categorizes the United States into four tiers based on grid reliability and grid resilience using Monte Carlo Simulations and the discussed metrics. Two novel terminologies named resilience risk factor and grid infrastructure density are propounded in this work, which will serve as vital parameters to determine grid resilience.
Eklas Hossain; Shidhartho Roy; Naeem Mohammad; Nafiu Nawar; Debopriya Roy Dipta. Metrics and enhancement strategies for grid resilience and reliability during natural disasters. Applied Energy 2021, 290, 116709 .
AMA StyleEklas Hossain, Shidhartho Roy, Naeem Mohammad, Nafiu Nawar, Debopriya Roy Dipta. Metrics and enhancement strategies for grid resilience and reliability during natural disasters. Applied Energy. 2021; 290 ():116709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEklas Hossain; Shidhartho Roy; Naeem Mohammad; Nafiu Nawar; Debopriya Roy Dipta. 2021. "Metrics and enhancement strategies for grid resilience and reliability during natural disasters." Applied Energy 290, no. : 116709.
In this study, a new technique is proposed to forecast short-term electrical load. Load forecasting is an integral part of power system planning and operation. Precise forecasting of load is essential for unit commitment, capacity planning, network augmentation and demand side management. Load forecasting can be generally categorized into three classes such as short-term, midterm and long-term. Short-term forecasting is usually done to predict load for next few hours to few weeks. In the literature, various methodologies such as regression analysis, machine learning approaches, deep learning methods and artificial intelligence systems have been used for short-term load forecasting. However, existing techniques may not always provide higher accuracy in short-term load forecasting. To overcome this challenge, a new approach is proposed in this paper for short-term load forecasting. The developed method is based on the integration of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The method is applied to Bangladesh power system to provide short-term forecasting of electrical load. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated by comparing the forecasting errors with that of some existing approaches such as long short-term memory network, radial basis function network and extreme gradient boosting algorithm. It is found that the proposed strategy results in higher precision and accuracy in short-term load forecasting.
Shafiul Hasan Rafi; Nahid- Al- Masood; Shohana Rahman Deeba; Eklas Hossain. A Short-Term Load Forecasting Method Using Integrated CNN and LSTM Network. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 32436 -32448.
AMA StyleShafiul Hasan Rafi, Nahid- Al- Masood, Shohana Rahman Deeba, Eklas Hossain. A Short-Term Load Forecasting Method Using Integrated CNN and LSTM Network. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():32436-32448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafiul Hasan Rafi; Nahid- Al- Masood; Shohana Rahman Deeba; Eklas Hossain. 2021. "A Short-Term Load Forecasting Method Using Integrated CNN and LSTM Network." IEEE Access 9, no. : 32436-32448.
Power electronics devices are made from semiconductor switches such as thyristors, MOSFETs, and diodes, along with passive elements of inductors, capacitors, and resistors, and integrated circuits. They are heavily used in power processing for applications in computing, communication, medical electronics, appliance control, and as converters in high power DC and AC transmission in what is now called harmonized AC/DC networks. A converter's operation is described as a periodic sequencing of different modes of operation corresponding to different topologies interfaced to filters made of passive elements. The performance of converters has improved considerably using high switching frequency, which leads to a significant improvement in a power converter's performance. However, the high dv/dt through a fast-switching transient of the MOSFET is associated with parasitic components generating oscillations and voltage spikes having adverse effects on the operation of complementary switches, thereby affecting the safe operation of the power devices. In this paper, the MOSFET gate-driver circuit performance is improved to suppress the H-Bridge inverter's voltage spikes. The proposed technique is a simple improvement to the gate driver based on the IR2112 driver (IC) by adding a capacitor to attenuate the effect of parasitic components and the freewheeling current, suppressing the negative voltage spikes. This paper’s main contribution is to improve the gate driver circuit's capability for suppressing the voltage spikes in the H-Bridge inverter. The improved gate driver circuit is validated experimentally and is compared with the conventional gate driver. The experimental results show that the proposed technique can effectively suppress the MOSFET’s voltage spikes and oscillations.
Ezzidin Aboadla; Sheroz Khan; Kushsairy Kadir; Zulkhairi Yusof; Mohamed Habaebi; Shabana Habib; Muhammad Islam; Mohammad Hasan; Eklas Hossain. Suppressing Voltage Spikes of MOSFET in H-Bridge Inverter Circuit. Electronics 2021, 10, 390 .
AMA StyleEzzidin Aboadla, Sheroz Khan, Kushsairy Kadir, Zulkhairi Yusof, Mohamed Habaebi, Shabana Habib, Muhammad Islam, Mohammad Hasan, Eklas Hossain. Suppressing Voltage Spikes of MOSFET in H-Bridge Inverter Circuit. Electronics. 2021; 10 (4):390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEzzidin Aboadla; Sheroz Khan; Kushsairy Kadir; Zulkhairi Yusof; Mohamed Habaebi; Shabana Habib; Muhammad Islam; Mohammad Hasan; Eklas Hossain. 2021. "Suppressing Voltage Spikes of MOSFET in H-Bridge Inverter Circuit." Electronics 10, no. 4: 390.
Domestic load profiles in the residential sectors are being modified with the adoption of smart home management systems and solar generation. In addition, houses with rooftop PV behave like local generators, contributing to the growth of the penetration of PV energy. Hence, the demand for power is declining day by day. However, the increasing PV penetration causes technical challenges for the power system, such as the “duck curve”. This can be addressed through home energy management (HEM) techniques including peak shaving, load shifting with smart home devices. In this regard, electric water heaters (EWH), with high thermal mass and being ubiquitous, are attractive and low-cost energy storage systems. In this article, a case study for one of the largest rural field smart energy technology demonstrators involving business, industries, and more than 5,000 residences, located in Glasgow, KY, US, is presented. Furthermore, a HEM system, which aims to minimize the total energy usage and peak demand by regulating the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, water heaters, and batteries, thereby benefiting both the utility and the consumer is proposed. This work also demonstrates the ability of EWH to provide ancillary services while maintaining customer comfort. The minimum participation rates for EWH and batteries are calculated and compared with respect to different peak reduction targets. Long term load prediction by considering different fractions of smart homes for the utility is also provided.
Huangjie Gong; Vandana Rallabandi; Michael L. McIntyre; Eklas Hossain; Dan M. Ionel. Peak Reduction and Long Term Load Forecasting for Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 19345 -19355.
AMA StyleHuangjie Gong, Vandana Rallabandi, Michael L. McIntyre, Eklas Hossain, Dan M. Ionel. Peak Reduction and Long Term Load Forecasting for Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():19345-19355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuangjie Gong; Vandana Rallabandi; Michael L. McIntyre; Eklas Hossain; Dan M. Ionel. 2021. "Peak Reduction and Long Term Load Forecasting for Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage." IEEE Access 9, no. : 19345-19355.
Major electrical gadgets are moving towards energy-efficient designs. Ceiling Fans are one of the prime focuses of such electrical gadgets. This article discusses and reviews about the past, present and future scenarios of the ceiling fans. The review includes different electric motors used in this application with its electromagnetic designs, controller developments, and mechanical designs, including Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and blade structures. Present-day energy-efficient fans with their technical and performance indices are extensively discussed as a case study. In this work novel innovations are concerned for the future development of the ceiling fans. The highlights of the article: 1. The fan is one of the potential energy consumption application globally. 2. Reducing the power consumption of these fans leads to lowering the carbon-di-oxide emissions 3. A comprehensive review has been done on ceiling fans for the first time - terms of their electrical and mechanical structures. 4. Currently, available Energy efficiency fans are discussed in details with its performance. 5. Future scope to reduce power consumption is highlighted in the conclusion section.
N. C. Lenin; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar; Massimo Mitolo; Eklas Hossain. Ceiling Fan Drives–Past, Present and Future. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 44888 -44904.
AMA StyleN. C. Lenin, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar, Massimo Mitolo, Eklas Hossain. Ceiling Fan Drives–Past, Present and Future. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():44888-44904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. C. Lenin; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar; Massimo Mitolo; Eklas Hossain. 2021. "Ceiling Fan Drives–Past, Present and Future." IEEE Access 9, no. : 44888-44904.
Double-stator switched reluctance motors (DSSRMs) with single-tooth winding topology possesses high torque density when compared to conventional switched reluctance motors (SRMs). However, their inherent high torque ripple is still an issue for industrial applications. In SRMs, the torque shared by the outgoing phase reduces significantly in the commutation region. However, at the same time, the incoming phase does not achieve sufficient torque generation. This results in a high torque ripple in this region. In this paper, several design procedures are discussed to improve the performance of the radial flux DSSRM with single-tooth winding topology. Firstly, the pole arc equations of stator pole and rotor segments for the higher difference between aligned and unaligned inductance are derived for high output torque and based on this, the selection of the number of stator slots/rotor segments is discussed. Furthermore, the influence of winding polarities on the core loss and output torque of DSSRM is discussed. Finally, the design modification in rotor structure is proposed with an angular shift in the alternate rotor segments in the direction of rotation to mitigate the torque ripple. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed design modification, a finite-element model of a 3-phase 12/10/12 pole radial flux DSSRM is developed in ANSYS/MAXWELL software, and simulation results are presented. It is observed that a 40% reduction in the torque ripple is achieved in the case of the proposed motor. The proposed design modification improves the torque generating capability of the incoming phase in the commutation region, which reduces the torque dip in this region and subsequently reduces the torque ripple.
Tripurari Das Gupta; Kalpana Chaudhary; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; R. K. Saket; Irfan Khan; Eklas Hossain. Design Modification in Single-Tooth Winding Double-Stator Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Ripple Mitigation. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 19078 -19096.
AMA StyleTripurari Das Gupta, Kalpana Chaudhary, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, R. K. Saket, Irfan Khan, Eklas Hossain. Design Modification in Single-Tooth Winding Double-Stator Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Ripple Mitigation. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():19078-19096.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTripurari Das Gupta; Kalpana Chaudhary; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; R. K. Saket; Irfan Khan; Eklas Hossain. 2021. "Design Modification in Single-Tooth Winding Double-Stator Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Ripple Mitigation." IEEE Access 9, no. : 19078-19096.
Information technology expressively improves remote electricity measurement and monitoring. Integrating Dynamic Thermal Current Rating (DTCR) software packs with the exclusive phasor measurement-based Wide Area Measurement (WAM) framework, the remote Transmission Lines (TLs) current rating can be measured. WAM is used for data acquisition from different sensors, and also allows data transmissions and processing for which sensor cloud system (SCS) plays a vital role. DTCR with phasor-measurement based WAM framework is mainly used to analyze and determine the current ratings of overhead TLs using weather condition estimation or prediction methods. However, the recent study suggests that the accuracy of the DTCR has become an issue in the smart grid of Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB). Hence, this article studies and discusses the relevant models and systems, and then proposes an improved thermal pi ( $\pi$ ) model for the transmission line thermal model of DTCR software in WAM Framework. The performance of the improved $\pi $ model will be distinguished from the existing thermal model. The weather factors that bring a substantial impact on the current rating is also considered, where the relevant data is monitored via different weather sensors. Besides, this study also focuses on calibrating the DTCR through phasor measurement in the WAM system, as well as the field measured data. All the data is collected from relevant sensors, and a detailed comparative analysis is provided based on the proposed model for the sake of improving the reliability of the system. The performance analysis of the thermal models is evaluated using Matlab software-based numerical analysis.
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan; Musse Mohamud Ahmed; Sherfriz Sherry Musa; Shayla Islam; Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah; Eklas Hossain; Nazmus Shaker Nafi; Nguyen Vo. An Improved Dynamic Thermal Current Rating Model for PMU-Based Wide Area Measurement Framework for Reliability Analysis Utilizing Sensor Cloud System. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 14446 -14458.
AMA StyleMohammad Kamrul Hasan, Musse Mohamud Ahmed, Sherfriz Sherry Musa, Shayla Islam, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah, Eklas Hossain, Nazmus Shaker Nafi, Nguyen Vo. An Improved Dynamic Thermal Current Rating Model for PMU-Based Wide Area Measurement Framework for Reliability Analysis Utilizing Sensor Cloud System. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():14446-14458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Kamrul Hasan; Musse Mohamud Ahmed; Sherfriz Sherry Musa; Shayla Islam; Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah; Eklas Hossain; Nazmus Shaker Nafi; Nguyen Vo. 2021. "An Improved Dynamic Thermal Current Rating Model for PMU-Based Wide Area Measurement Framework for Reliability Analysis Utilizing Sensor Cloud System." IEEE Access 9, no. : 14446-14458.
The Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) helps several applications that require power control and low cost to achieve long life. The progress of IIoT communications, mainly based on cognitive radio (CR), has been guided to the robust network connectivity. The low power communication is achieved for IIoT sensors applying the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) with the Sigfox, NBIoT, and LoRaWAN technologies. This paper aims to review the various technologies and protocols for industrial IoT applications. A depth of assessment has been achieved by comparing various technologies considering the key terms such as frequency, data rate, power, coverage, mobility, costing, and QoS. This paper provides an assessment of 64 articles published on electricity control problems of IIoT between 2007 and 2020. That prepares a qualitative technique of answering the research questions (RQ): RQ1: “How cognitive radio engage with the industrial IoT?”, RQ2: “What are the Proposed architectures that Support Cognitive Radio LPWAN based IIOT?”, and RQ3: What key success factors need to comply for reliable CIIoT support in the industry?”. With the systematic literature assessment approach, the effects displayed on the cognitive radio in LPWAN can significantly revolute the commercial IIoT. Thus, researchers are more focused in this regard. The study suggests that the essential factors of design need to be considered to conquer the critical research gaps of the existing LPWAN cognitive-enabled IIoT. A cognitive low energy architecture is brought to ensure efficient and stable communications in a heterogeneous IIoT. It will protect the network layer from offering the customers an efficient platform to rent AI, and various LPWAN technology were explored and investigated.
Nahla Nurelmadina; Mohammad Hasan; Imran Memon; Rashid Saeed; Khairul Zainol Ariffin; Elmustafa Ali; Rania Mokhtar; Shayla Islam; Eklas Hossain; Arif Hassan. A Systematic Review on Cognitive Radio in Low Power Wide Area Network for Industrial IoT Applications. Sustainability 2021, 13, 338 .
AMA StyleNahla Nurelmadina, Mohammad Hasan, Imran Memon, Rashid Saeed, Khairul Zainol Ariffin, Elmustafa Ali, Rania Mokhtar, Shayla Islam, Eklas Hossain, Arif Hassan. A Systematic Review on Cognitive Radio in Low Power Wide Area Network for Industrial IoT Applications. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (1):338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNahla Nurelmadina; Mohammad Hasan; Imran Memon; Rashid Saeed; Khairul Zainol Ariffin; Elmustafa Ali; Rania Mokhtar; Shayla Islam; Eklas Hossain; Arif Hassan. 2021. "A Systematic Review on Cognitive Radio in Low Power Wide Area Network for Industrial IoT Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 338.
This paper presents a single LC tank base cell-to-cell active voltage balancing algorithm for Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle (EV) applications. EV batteries face challenges in accomplishing fast balancing and high balancing efficiency with low circuit and control complexity. It addresses that LC resonant tank uses an energy carrier to transfer the voltage from an excessive voltage cell to the lowest voltage cell. The method requires 2N - 4 bidirectional MOSFET switches and a single LC resonant circuit, where N is the number of cells in the battery strings. The balancing speed is improved by allowing a short balancing path for voltage transfer and guarantees a fast balancing speed between any two cells in the battery string, and power consumption is reduced by operating all switches in zero-current switching conditions. The circuit was tested for 4400 mAh Li-ion battery cells under static, cyclic, and dynamic charging/discharging conditions. Two battery cells at the voltage 3.93 V and 3.65 V were balanced after 76 min, and the balancing efficiency is 94.8%. The result of dynamic and cyclic charging/discharging conditions shows that the balancing circuit is applicable for the energy storage devices and Li-ion battery cells for EV.
Mohammad Hasan; Akm Habib; Shayla Islam; Ahmad Ghani; Eklas Hossain. Resonant Energy Carrier Base Active Charge-Balancing Algorithm. Electronics 2020, 9, 2166 .
AMA StyleMohammad Hasan, Akm Habib, Shayla Islam, Ahmad Ghani, Eklas Hossain. Resonant Energy Carrier Base Active Charge-Balancing Algorithm. Electronics. 2020; 9 (12):2166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Hasan; Akm Habib; Shayla Islam; Ahmad Ghani; Eklas Hossain. 2020. "Resonant Energy Carrier Base Active Charge-Balancing Algorithm." Electronics 9, no. 12: 2166.
Load forecasting is a vital part of smart grids for predicting the required electrical power using artificial intelligence (AI). Deep learning is broadly used for load forecasting in the smart grid using the artificial neural network (ANN). Generally, computing the deep learning in the smart grid requires massive data aggregation or centralization and significant computational time. This paper presents a survey of deep learning-based load forecasting techniques from 2015 to 2020. This survey discusses the studies based on their deep learning techniques, Distributed Deep Learning (DDL) techniques, Back Propagation (BP) based works, and non-BP based works in the load forecasting process. Consequent to the survey, it was determined that data aggregation dependency would be beneficial for reducing computational time in load forecasting. Therefore, a conceptual model of DDL for smart grids has been presented, where the HSIC (Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion) Bottleneck technique has been incorporated to provide higher accuracy.
Akhtaruzzaman; Mohammad Kamrul Hasan; S. Rayhan Kabir; Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah; Muhammad Jafar Sadeq; Eklas Hossain. HSIC Bottleneck Based Distributed Deep Learning Model for Load Forecasting in Smart Grid With a Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 222977 -223008.
AMA StyleAkhtaruzzaman, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, S. Rayhan Kabir, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah, Muhammad Jafar Sadeq, Eklas Hossain. HSIC Bottleneck Based Distributed Deep Learning Model for Load Forecasting in Smart Grid With a Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):222977-223008.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkhtaruzzaman; Mohammad Kamrul Hasan; S. Rayhan Kabir; Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah; Muhammad Jafar Sadeq; Eklas Hossain. 2020. "HSIC Bottleneck Based Distributed Deep Learning Model for Load Forecasting in Smart Grid With a Comprehensive Survey." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 222977-223008.
This paper concerns the problem of stability analysis of systems with time-varying delay. Recent developments in this direction involves approximation of a second order polynomial function of time-delay. This paper proposes a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional that does not introduce the second-order polynomial and thereby avoid the approximation involved in obtaining the stability criterion. Two stability criterion are presented, one introduces the second-order polynomial and the other one does not. A comparison using numerical examples shows that the avoidance of second-order polynomial formulation leads to improved results.
Sharat Chandra Mahto; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Sandip Ghosh; R. K. Saket; Eklas Hossain; Shyam Krishna Nagar. Improved Stability Criteria for Time-Varying Delay System Using Second and First Order Polynomials. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 210961 -210969.
AMA StyleSharat Chandra Mahto, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Sandip Ghosh, R. K. Saket, Eklas Hossain, Shyam Krishna Nagar. Improved Stability Criteria for Time-Varying Delay System Using Second and First Order Polynomials. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):210961-210969.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharat Chandra Mahto; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Sandip Ghosh; R. K. Saket; Eklas Hossain; Shyam Krishna Nagar. 2020. "Improved Stability Criteria for Time-Varying Delay System Using Second and First Order Polynomials." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 210961-210969.
One of the crucial challenges in the present power distribution system is the conversion loss phenomenon. Modern microgrid integrates various converters for varieties of applications, such as distributed power generation interconnection, energy storage management system, grid integration, demand management, etc. The increased usages of power converters further worsen the existing situation. Any initiatives taken towards energy conservation go in vain due to the excessive conversion loss phenomenon in the present distribution schemes. In this regard, a novel microgrid energy management scheme is proposed and developed to reduce the conversion losses in the residential distribution system. It uses a new control algorithm that finds the strength of power available in the DC side before being transferred. The conversion process is invoked only if the power is adequate, and if found feeble, then the conversion process is withdrawn and stored in an auxiliary battery. Conversion of feeble power would result in high loss across the converters and transformers. In this scheme, the AC loads are supplied by the utility grid, and the DC loads are fed by a solar PV and an auxiliary battery bank. The power conversion is done only during unavoidable circumstances. A prototype hardware setup has been developed, and the objective of the proposed research task has been validated. Further, the proposed scheme would gain importance in reducing the cost of the electricity for a time-of-use tariff system by optimization. A genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the energy management of the microgrid system.
Sivasankar Gangatharan; Mageswaran Rengasamy; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das; Eklas Hossain; Varatharajan Meenakshi Sundaram. A Novel Battery Supported Energy Management System for the Effective Handling of Feeble Power in Hybrid Microgrid Environment. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 217391 -217415.
AMA StyleSivasankar Gangatharan, Mageswaran Rengasamy, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Narottam Das, Eklas Hossain, Varatharajan Meenakshi Sundaram. A Novel Battery Supported Energy Management System for the Effective Handling of Feeble Power in Hybrid Microgrid Environment. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):217391-217415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSivasankar Gangatharan; Mageswaran Rengasamy; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Narottam Das; Eklas Hossain; Varatharajan Meenakshi Sundaram. 2020. "A Novel Battery Supported Energy Management System for the Effective Handling of Feeble Power in Hybrid Microgrid Environment." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 217391-217415.
In this work, the effects of AlxGa1-xAs cap and passivation (such as SiO2, Si3N4, and HfO2) layers on the performance of InGaAs/GaAs-based quantum dot intermediate band solar cells (QDIBSCs) have been studied. The low surface recombination rate of ~103 per cm3s is achieved by optimizing the composition, x = 0.40, and thickness (200 nm) of the AlxGa1-xAs cap layer. The optical reflectance is also evaluated for devices with different passivation. The solar cell with Si3N4 shows the lowest reflectance of 10.53%. The photogeneration rate has been enhanced at the quantum dot region because of the improvement of the photocurrent provides by both cap and passivation layers. There is also an increment found in the average external quantum efficiency of 39.56% as compared to that of the bared conventional QDIBSC. As a result, the solar cell, with both Al0.40Ga0.60As cap and Si3N4 passivation layers, shows the conversion efficiency of 27.8%, which is higher than that of 21.6% for conventional In0.53Ga0.47AS/GaAs-based QDIBSC. These results indicate that GaAs-based QDIBSCs with both Al0.40Ga0.60As cap and Si3N4 passivation layers are promising for next-generation photovoltaic applications.
Atia Islam Ankhi; Rafiqul Islam; Tanvir Hasan; Eklas Hossain. Projected Performance of InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Effects of Cap and Passivation Layers. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 212339 -212350.
AMA StyleAtia Islam Ankhi, Rafiqul Islam, Tanvir Hasan, Eklas Hossain. Projected Performance of InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Effects of Cap and Passivation Layers. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):212339-212350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtia Islam Ankhi; Rafiqul Islam; Tanvir Hasan; Eklas Hossain. 2020. "Projected Performance of InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Effects of Cap and Passivation Layers." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 212339-212350.
Series-series compensated inductive power transfer (SSIPT) systems have been widely studied and characterized for constant resistance loads (CRLs) and constant voltage loads (CVLs), but much less so for constant power loads (CPLs), although CPLs have numerous applications. In this work, we address some of the fundamental knowledge gaps for SSIPT/CPL systems that we believe have not been fully explored in the literature. First, we apply Middlebrook’s stability criterion to derive a closed-form impedance-based stability condition for SSIPT/CPL systems. The derivation of the equilibrium solution is based on small-signal analysis and we show its consistency with intuitive results from perturbation-based arguments. Second, we show that the power transfer efficiency is minimum at the resonant frequency of the primary resonator. Third, the stability criterion is used to develop a straightforward approach for finding the operating frequency and input voltage that achieves near-maximum power transfer efficiency. This solution is useful as a starting point for a more meticulous parameter sweep to find the optimum input voltage and frequency values. Our analytical results are validated by performing frequency sweep measurements with two SSIPT experimental setups – one tuned to 165 kHz and the other to 6.78 MHz. We also provide an intuitive description and comparison of voltage-driven and current-driven CPLs. This topic is rarely treated in an intuitive manner and largely ignored, but we believe a solid conceptual understanding of voltage-driven and current-driven CPLs is beneficial for designers.
Aaron D. Scher; Michal Kos̆ík; Peter Pham; Daniel Costinett; Eklas Hossain. Stability Analysis and Efficiency Optimization of an Inductive Power Transfer System With a Constant Power Load. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 209762 -209775.
AMA StyleAaron D. Scher, Michal Kos̆ík, Peter Pham, Daniel Costinett, Eklas Hossain. Stability Analysis and Efficiency Optimization of an Inductive Power Transfer System With a Constant Power Load. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):209762-209775.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron D. Scher; Michal Kos̆ík; Peter Pham; Daniel Costinett; Eklas Hossain. 2020. "Stability Analysis and Efficiency Optimization of an Inductive Power Transfer System With a Constant Power Load." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 209762-209775.