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Some sites transformed or created by humans (novel ecosystem) are different both in vegetation and ecosystems establishment and development. The unknown habitat conditions and new species composition is resulting in new abiotic and biotic systems. To improve the understanding of the process governing the relationships between the environmental factors, plant species assemblages and their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation were studied in chronosequence on post-coal mine heaps. We hypothesized that AMF root colonization will be dependent on the age of heap and not on the dominant plant species (vegetation type). The high frequency of mycorrhizal colonization of roots (F%) of Poa compressa- and Calamagrostis epigejos-dominated vegetation type was stated. All mycorrhizal parameters were lower in C. epigejos roots when compared to P. compressa (ranging from 60% to 90%). The highest relative mycorrhizal intensity, M%, and mean abundance of arbuscula, A%, in the roots of both examined plants were recorded in vegetation patches dominated by Daucus carota. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between F%, M%, and A%, and lack of correlation between the heaps’ age and mycorrhizal parameters, and statistically significant correlations between A% and potassium and magnesium content were revealed. The interspecific relations in the novel ecosystems become more complex along with the increase of diversity.
Gabriela Woźniak; Damian Chmura; Eugeniusz Małkowski; Paulina Zieleźnik-Rusinowska; Krzysztof Sitko; Barbara Ziemer; Agnieszka Błońska. Is the Age of Novel Ecosystem the Factor Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Poa compressa and Calamagrostis epigejos? Plants 2021, 10, 949 .
AMA StyleGabriela Woźniak, Damian Chmura, Eugeniusz Małkowski, Paulina Zieleźnik-Rusinowska, Krzysztof Sitko, Barbara Ziemer, Agnieszka Błońska. Is the Age of Novel Ecosystem the Factor Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Poa compressa and Calamagrostis epigejos? Plants. 2021; 10 (5):949.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriela Woźniak; Damian Chmura; Eugeniusz Małkowski; Paulina Zieleźnik-Rusinowska; Krzysztof Sitko; Barbara Ziemer; Agnieszka Błońska. 2021. "Is the Age of Novel Ecosystem the Factor Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Poa compressa and Calamagrostis epigejos?" Plants 10, no. 5: 949.
Although species composition, species diversity and the frequency of epixylic bryophytes is quite well recognised in Central Europe, the patterns associated with their plant traits are still relatively unknown. The main objective of this study was to determine which plant traits best explain the colonization of coarse woody debris (CWD) by the bryophytes and associate them with environmental factors. Moreover, we wanted to examine whether there are internal guilds of epixylic liverworts and mosses based on their plant traits. The research was performed in both protected and managed forests in the Karkonosze Mts (southern Poland). A total of 574 pieces, i.e., fallen logs, were randomly selected. Fifteen environmental factors, i.e., the properties of the CWD, including the decomposition scale, moisture, the length of a log, climatic factors and the species identity of the trees were selected. In addition, statistical analyses of twenty plant traits, primarily the life-forms, habitat requirements and the types of reproduction of 96 bryophyte species were performed. According to the three-table ordination method (RLQ), 42 significant associations between the plant traits and environmental variables were recorded. The differences in the variations in the plant traits were associated with the host tree (beech Fagus sylvatica vs spruce Picea abies). The species that prefer a more nutrient-rich substratum and more alkaline environment were correlated with beech logs, whereas the species that prefer a higher moisture content were correlated with spruce logs. The plants that were characterised by creeping and erect lateral branches were associated with logs with a higher bark cover at the lower altitudes and were found mostly on beech logs. Dioecious and tuft plants avoided long logs, whereas monoecious plants preferred them. The rare and protected species were confined to the higher altitudes, less bark cover and smaller logs. Three guilds of epixylic bryophytes were distinguished that differed in 12 plant traits. Although their occurrence seemed to be confined to the specific phases of the decomposition of deadwood, these findings need to be tested on a larger dataset.
Jan Żarnowiec; Monika Staniaszek-Kik; Damian Chmura. Trait-based responses of bryophytes to the decaying logs in Central European mountain forests. Ecological Indicators 2021, 126, 107671 .
AMA StyleJan Żarnowiec, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Damian Chmura. Trait-based responses of bryophytes to the decaying logs in Central European mountain forests. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 126 ():107671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Żarnowiec; Monika Staniaszek-Kik; Damian Chmura. 2021. "Trait-based responses of bryophytes to the decaying logs in Central European mountain forests." Ecological Indicators 126, no. : 107671.
Studies on opencast mines have indicated that the spontaneous colonization of excavations and sedimentation tanks by vegetation is determined not only by the substratum and the land relief, but also by the hydrological and hydrochemical relations in the exploitation hollow. Sometimes, biological invasions can also disturb the natural revegetation. Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust is an invasive alien species that frequently colonizes sandy habitats. Thirty study plots were randomly established on four types of sites: 1) sandy sediments, extremely dry places located mainly on heaps of post-washer slime; 2) sandy sediments, dry areas that are periodically flooded and have pulp; 3) clay sediments, damp areas that are periodically submerged, and 4) the control, a forest with R. pseudoacacia in its neighborhood. A total of 94 species of vascular plants and seven species of mosses were found. The vegetation at the sites differs and the role of the black locust increases along the dryness gradient and developmental phase of vegetation. Older phases of succession resemble a forest in the surrounding area. It is a R. pseudoacacia species-poor monodominant stand that has been forming for around 30 years. A lack of trees and dense grasses favor the successful invasion of the black locust on man-made sandy habitats.
Joanna Kidawa; Damian Chmura; Tadeusz Molenda. The Hydrological-hydrochemical Factors that Control the Invasion of the Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in Succession in Areas with Opencast Mines. Plants 2020, 10, 40 .
AMA StyleJoanna Kidawa, Damian Chmura, Tadeusz Molenda. The Hydrological-hydrochemical Factors that Control the Invasion of the Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in Succession in Areas with Opencast Mines. Plants. 2020; 10 (1):40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Kidawa; Damian Chmura; Tadeusz Molenda. 2020. "The Hydrological-hydrochemical Factors that Control the Invasion of the Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in Succession in Areas with Opencast Mines." Plants 10, no. 1: 40.
The post‐industrial habitats provide previously unknown conditions for plant and vegetation development. We asked the question: do the extreme soil substrate conditions cause differences in chemical composition of cell walls of leaves in three grass species: Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud and Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench? With the use of immunohistochemical methods we determined the spatial distribution of selected pectic and AGP (arabinogalactan proteins) epitopes within leaf tissues of grass species growing in two industrial and control (meadow) habitats. Some post‐industrial habitats increase biodiversity. Fast adaptation and divergence cause phenotypic changes. This process has been recently recorded and is called human‐induced rapid evolutionary changes. The levels of pectins and arabinogalactan proteins increased on the post‐industrial habitats in comparison to the control sites. On control habitat, pectic epitope with galactan chain residues (recognised by the LM5 antibody) was not detected in cell walls of Calamagrostis epigejos leaves, but was abundantly present in Phragmites australis leaves. The pectic epitope with arabinan residues (recognized by LM6 antibody) was less represented in cell walls of Molinia caerulea leaves. AGP epitope, recognised by LM2 antibody, was abundant only in Ph. australis. In Molinia caerulea this epitope was not detected. The AGP epitope recognised by JIM13 antibody was observed in all analysed species. The results obtained revealed the response of grass individuals to different environments: a) varied responses to different soil substratum conditions (novel ecosystems), and b) that this reaction is species‐specific with respect to the analysed cell wall components. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Anna Milewska‐Hendel; Damian Chmura; Karolina Wyrwał; Ewa U. Kurczyńska; Agnieszka Kompała‐Bąba; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Gabriela Woźniak. Cell wall epitopes in grasses of different novel ecosystem habitats on post‐industrial sites. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 1680 -1694.
AMA StyleAnna Milewska‐Hendel, Damian Chmura, Karolina Wyrwał, Ewa U. Kurczyńska, Agnieszka Kompała‐Bąba, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Gabriela Woźniak. Cell wall epitopes in grasses of different novel ecosystem habitats on post‐industrial sites. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (4):1680-1694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Milewska‐Hendel; Damian Chmura; Karolina Wyrwał; Ewa U. Kurczyńska; Agnieszka Kompała‐Bąba; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Gabriela Woźniak. 2020. "Cell wall epitopes in grasses of different novel ecosystem habitats on post‐industrial sites." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 4: 1680-1694.
Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of Quercus rubra (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of Q. rubra, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of Q. rubra in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of Q. rubra seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with Q. rubra differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by Q. rubra had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. Conclusions: Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of Q. rubra. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low.
Damian Chmura. The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree Quercus rubra (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe. Forests 2020, 11, 586 .
AMA StyleDamian Chmura. The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree Quercus rubra (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe. Forests. 2020; 11 (5):586.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamian Chmura. 2020. "The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree Quercus rubra (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe." Forests 11, no. 5: 586.
Marcin K. Dyderski; Damian Chmura; Łukasz Dylewski; Paweł Horodecki; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Marcin Pietras; Piotr Robakowski; Beata Woziwoda. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Quercus rubra. Journal of Ecology 2020, 108, 1199 -1225.
AMA StyleMarcin K. Dyderski, Damian Chmura, Łukasz Dylewski, Paweł Horodecki, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Marcin Pietras, Piotr Robakowski, Beata Woziwoda. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Quercus rubra. Journal of Ecology. 2020; 108 (3):1199-1225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin K. Dyderski; Damian Chmura; Łukasz Dylewski; Paweł Horodecki; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Marcin Pietras; Piotr Robakowski; Beata Woziwoda. 2020. "Biological Flora of the British Isles: Quercus rubra." Journal of Ecology 108, no. 3: 1199-1225.
This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Quercus rubra L. (Red Oak, Northern Red Oak; syn. Q. borealis, Q. maxima) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution; habitat; communities; responses to biotic factors; responses to environment; structure and physiology; phenology; floral and seed characters; herbivores and disease; history; and conservation. Quercus rubra is a large deciduous tree native to eastern North America. In its native range this species is one of the most important mid‐successional tree species. Since the 18th century Q. rubra has been introduced into forest management in Europe and elsewhere. Currently, Q. rubra is a naturalized species in 23 countries. It is an important source of wood, and this was one of the most important reasons for its introduction in forests. In forest management this species is valued for its high growth rate and drought resistance. Red Oak is also widely cultivated in Europe for its ornamental value—red leaves in autumn and smooth, grey bark. Red Oak is a threat to native species within its introduced range as it can alter environmental conditions beneath its canopy, especially by decreasing light availability and litter decomposition rate. Such conditions also contribute to biotic homogenization of the understorey vegetation. Q. rubra is widely dispersed by small mammals and birds, up to 1,500 m from seed sources, thereby increasing its potential invasiveness. In Europe Q. rubra seems to be less prone to herbivores and fungi, in contrast to its native range, where it is grazed by ungulates and insects, and infected by Phytophthora and oak wilt. Due to its higher tolerance to drought than native European oaks, Q. rubra is claimed to be one of the species replacing native trees which are decreasing due to climate warming. However, consideration of all possible consequences is needed in wide‐scale introduction of alien species, such as Q. rubra, due to negative impacts on native ecosystems.
Marcin K. Dyderski; Damian Chmura; Łukasz Dylewski; Paweł Horodecki; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Marcin Pietras; Piotr Robakowski; Beata Woziwoda. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Quercus rubra. Journal of Ecology 2020, 108, 1199 -1225.
AMA StyleMarcin K. Dyderski, Damian Chmura, Łukasz Dylewski, Paweł Horodecki, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Marcin Pietras, Piotr Robakowski, Beata Woziwoda. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Quercus rubra. Journal of Ecology. 2020; 108 (3):1199-1225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin K. Dyderski; Damian Chmura; Łukasz Dylewski; Paweł Horodecki; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Marcin Pietras; Piotr Robakowski; Beata Woziwoda. 2020. "Biological Flora of the British Isles: Quercus rubra." Journal of Ecology 108, no. 3: 1199-1225.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Alienor Jeliazkov; Darko Mijatovic; Stéphane Chantepie; Nigel Andrew; Raphaël Arlettaz; Luc Barbaro; Nadia Barsoum; Alena Bartonova; Elena Belskaya; Núria Bonada; Anik Brind’Amour; Rodrigo Carvalho; Helena Castro; Damian Chmura; Philippe Choler; Karen Chong-Seng; Daniel Cleary; Anouk Cormont; William Cornwell; Ramiro de Campos; Nicole de Voogd; Sylvain Doledec; Joshua Drew; Frank Dziock; Anthony Eallonardo; Melanie J. Edgar; Fábio Farneda; Domingo Flores Hernandez; Cédric Frenette-Dussault; Guillaume Fried; Belinda Gallardo; Heloise Gibb; Thiago Gonçalves-Souza; Janet Higuti; Jean-Yves Humbert; Boris R. Krasnov; Eric Le Saux; Zoe Lindo; Adria Lopez-Baucells; Elizabeth Lowe; Bryndis Marteinsdottir; Koen Martens; Peter Meffert; Andres Mellado-Díaz; Myles H. M. Menz; Christoph F. J. Meyer; Julia Ramos Miranda; David Mouillot; Alessandro Ossola; Robin Pakeman; Sandrine Pavoine; Burak Pekin; Joan Pino; Arnaud Pocheville; Francesco Pomati; Peter Poschlod; Honor C. Prentice; Oliver Purschke; Valerie Raevel; Triin Reitalu; Willem Renema; Ignacio Ribera; Natalie Robinson; Bjorn Robroek; Ricardo Rocha; Sen-Her Shieh; Rebecca Spake; Monika Staniaszek-Kik; Michal Stanko; Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro; Cajo ter Braak; Mark C. Urban; Roel van Klink; Sébastien Villéger; Ruut Wegman; Martin J. Westgate; Jonas Wolff; Jan Żarnowiec; Maxim Zolotarev; Jonathan M. Chase. Author Correction: A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space. Scientific Data 2020, 7, 1 -1.
AMA StyleAlienor Jeliazkov, Darko Mijatovic, Stéphane Chantepie, Nigel Andrew, Raphaël Arlettaz, Luc Barbaro, Nadia Barsoum, Alena Bartonova, Elena Belskaya, Núria Bonada, Anik Brind’Amour, Rodrigo Carvalho, Helena Castro, Damian Chmura, Philippe Choler, Karen Chong-Seng, Daniel Cleary, Anouk Cormont, William Cornwell, Ramiro de Campos, Nicole de Voogd, Sylvain Doledec, Joshua Drew, Frank Dziock, Anthony Eallonardo, Melanie J. Edgar, Fábio Farneda, Domingo Flores Hernandez, Cédric Frenette-Dussault, Guillaume Fried, Belinda Gallardo, Heloise Gibb, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Janet Higuti, Jean-Yves Humbert, Boris R. Krasnov, Eric Le Saux, Zoe Lindo, Adria Lopez-Baucells, Elizabeth Lowe, Bryndis Marteinsdottir, Koen Martens, Peter Meffert, Andres Mellado-Díaz, Myles H. M. Menz, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Julia Ramos Miranda, David Mouillot, Alessandro Ossola, Robin Pakeman, Sandrine Pavoine, Burak Pekin, Joan Pino, Arnaud Pocheville, Francesco Pomati, Peter Poschlod, Honor C. Prentice, Oliver Purschke, Valerie Raevel, Triin Reitalu, Willem Renema, Ignacio Ribera, Natalie Robinson, Bjorn Robroek, Ricardo Rocha, Sen-Her Shieh, Rebecca Spake, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Michal Stanko, Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro, Cajo ter Braak, Mark C. Urban, Roel van Klink, Sébastien Villéger, Ruut Wegman, Martin J. Westgate, Jonas Wolff, Jan Żarnowiec, Maxim Zolotarev, Jonathan M. Chase. Author Correction: A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space. Scientific Data. 2020; 7 (1):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlienor Jeliazkov; Darko Mijatovic; Stéphane Chantepie; Nigel Andrew; Raphaël Arlettaz; Luc Barbaro; Nadia Barsoum; Alena Bartonova; Elena Belskaya; Núria Bonada; Anik Brind’Amour; Rodrigo Carvalho; Helena Castro; Damian Chmura; Philippe Choler; Karen Chong-Seng; Daniel Cleary; Anouk Cormont; William Cornwell; Ramiro de Campos; Nicole de Voogd; Sylvain Doledec; Joshua Drew; Frank Dziock; Anthony Eallonardo; Melanie J. Edgar; Fábio Farneda; Domingo Flores Hernandez; Cédric Frenette-Dussault; Guillaume Fried; Belinda Gallardo; Heloise Gibb; Thiago Gonçalves-Souza; Janet Higuti; Jean-Yves Humbert; Boris R. Krasnov; Eric Le Saux; Zoe Lindo; Adria Lopez-Baucells; Elizabeth Lowe; Bryndis Marteinsdottir; Koen Martens; Peter Meffert; Andres Mellado-Díaz; Myles H. M. Menz; Christoph F. J. Meyer; Julia Ramos Miranda; David Mouillot; Alessandro Ossola; Robin Pakeman; Sandrine Pavoine; Burak Pekin; Joan Pino; Arnaud Pocheville; Francesco Pomati; Peter Poschlod; Honor C. Prentice; Oliver Purschke; Valerie Raevel; Triin Reitalu; Willem Renema; Ignacio Ribera; Natalie Robinson; Bjorn Robroek; Ricardo Rocha; Sen-Her Shieh; Rebecca Spake; Monika Staniaszek-Kik; Michal Stanko; Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro; Cajo ter Braak; Mark C. Urban; Roel van Klink; Sébastien Villéger; Ruut Wegman; Martin J. Westgate; Jonas Wolff; Jan Żarnowiec; Maxim Zolotarev; Jonathan M. Chase. 2020. "Author Correction: A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space." Scientific Data 7, no. 1: 1-1.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous, obligatory plant symbionts that have a beneficial influence on plants in contaminated environments. This study focused on evaluating the biomass and biodiversity of the AMF and microbial communities associated with Poa trivialis and Phragmites australis plants sampled at an aged site contaminated with phenol and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and an uncontaminated control site. We analyzed the soil phospholipid fatty acid profile to describe the general structure of microbial communities. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with primers targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was used to characterize the biodiversity of the AMF communities and identify dominant AMF species associated with the host plants in the polluted and control environments. The root mycorrhizal colonization and AMF biomass in the soil were negatively affected by the presence of PAHs and phenol, with no significant differences between the studied plant species, whereas the biodiversity of the AMF communities were influenced by the soil contamination and plant species. Soil contamination was more detrimental to the biodiversity of AMF communities associated with Ph. australis, compared to P. trivialis. Both species favored the development of different AMF species, which might be related to the specific features of their different root systems and soil microbial communities. The contaminated site was dominated by AMF generalists like Funneliformis and Rhizophagus, whereas in the control site Dominikia, Archaeospora, Claroideoglomus, Glomus, and Diversispora were also detected.
Monika Malicka; Franco Magurno; Zofia Piotrowska-Seget; Damian Chmura. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and microbial profiles of an aged phenol–polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 192, 110299 .
AMA StyleMonika Malicka, Franco Magurno, Zofia Piotrowska-Seget, Damian Chmura. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and microbial profiles of an aged phenol–polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 192 ():110299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Malicka; Franco Magurno; Zofia Piotrowska-Seget; Damian Chmura. 2020. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal and microbial profiles of an aged phenol–polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 192, no. : 110299.
The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology.
Alienor Jeliazkov; Darko Mijatovic; Stéphane Chantepie; Nigel Andrew; Raphaël Arlettaz; Luc Barbaro; Nadia Barsoum; Alena Bartonova; Elena Belskaya; Núria Bonada; Anik Brind’Amour; Rodrigo Carvalho; Helena Castro; Damian Chmura; Philippe Choler; Karen Chong-Seng; Daniel Cleary; Anouk Cormont; William Cornwell; Ramiro De Campos; Nicole De Voogd; Sylvain Doledec; Joshua Drew; Frank Dziock; Anthony Eallonardo; Melanie J. Edgar; Fábio Farneda; Domingo Flores Hernandez; Cédric Frenette-Dussault; Guillaume Fried; Belinda Gallardo; Heloise Gibb; Thiago Gonçalves-Souza; Janet Higuti; Jean-Yves Humbert; Boris R. Krasnov; Eric Le Saux; Zoe Lindo; Adria Lopez-Baucells; Elizabeth Lowe; Bryndís Marteinsdóttir; Koen Martens; Peter Meffert; Andres Mellado-Díaz; Myles H. M. Menz; Christoph F. J. Meyer; Julia Ramos Miranda; David Mouillot; Alessandro Ossola; Robin Pakeman; Sandrine Pavoine; Burak Pekin; Joan Pino; Arnaud Pocheville; Francesco Pomati; Peter Poschlod; Honor C. Prentice; Oliver Purschke; Valerie Raevel; Triin Reitalu; Willem Renema; Ignacio Ribera; Natalie Robinson; Bjorn Robroek; Ricardo Rocha; Sen-Her Shieh; Rebecca Spake; Monika Staniaszek-Kik; Michal Stanko; Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro; Cajo Ter Braak; Mark C. Urban; Roel Van Klink; Sébastien Villéger; Ruut Wegman; Martin J. Westgate; Jonas Wolff; Jan Żarnowiec; Maxim Zolotarev; Jonathan M. Chase. A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space. Scientific Data 2020, 7, 1 -15.
AMA StyleAlienor Jeliazkov, Darko Mijatovic, Stéphane Chantepie, Nigel Andrew, Raphaël Arlettaz, Luc Barbaro, Nadia Barsoum, Alena Bartonova, Elena Belskaya, Núria Bonada, Anik Brind’Amour, Rodrigo Carvalho, Helena Castro, Damian Chmura, Philippe Choler, Karen Chong-Seng, Daniel Cleary, Anouk Cormont, William Cornwell, Ramiro De Campos, Nicole De Voogd, Sylvain Doledec, Joshua Drew, Frank Dziock, Anthony Eallonardo, Melanie J. Edgar, Fábio Farneda, Domingo Flores Hernandez, Cédric Frenette-Dussault, Guillaume Fried, Belinda Gallardo, Heloise Gibb, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Janet Higuti, Jean-Yves Humbert, Boris R. Krasnov, Eric Le Saux, Zoe Lindo, Adria Lopez-Baucells, Elizabeth Lowe, Bryndís Marteinsdóttir, Koen Martens, Peter Meffert, Andres Mellado-Díaz, Myles H. M. Menz, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Julia Ramos Miranda, David Mouillot, Alessandro Ossola, Robin Pakeman, Sandrine Pavoine, Burak Pekin, Joan Pino, Arnaud Pocheville, Francesco Pomati, Peter Poschlod, Honor C. Prentice, Oliver Purschke, Valerie Raevel, Triin Reitalu, Willem Renema, Ignacio Ribera, Natalie Robinson, Bjorn Robroek, Ricardo Rocha, Sen-Her Shieh, Rebecca Spake, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Michal Stanko, Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro, Cajo Ter Braak, Mark C. Urban, Roel Van Klink, Sébastien Villéger, Ruut Wegman, Martin J. Westgate, Jonas Wolff, Jan Żarnowiec, Maxim Zolotarev, Jonathan M. Chase. A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space. Scientific Data. 2020; 7 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlienor Jeliazkov; Darko Mijatovic; Stéphane Chantepie; Nigel Andrew; Raphaël Arlettaz; Luc Barbaro; Nadia Barsoum; Alena Bartonova; Elena Belskaya; Núria Bonada; Anik Brind’Amour; Rodrigo Carvalho; Helena Castro; Damian Chmura; Philippe Choler; Karen Chong-Seng; Daniel Cleary; Anouk Cormont; William Cornwell; Ramiro De Campos; Nicole De Voogd; Sylvain Doledec; Joshua Drew; Frank Dziock; Anthony Eallonardo; Melanie J. Edgar; Fábio Farneda; Domingo Flores Hernandez; Cédric Frenette-Dussault; Guillaume Fried; Belinda Gallardo; Heloise Gibb; Thiago Gonçalves-Souza; Janet Higuti; Jean-Yves Humbert; Boris R. Krasnov; Eric Le Saux; Zoe Lindo; Adria Lopez-Baucells; Elizabeth Lowe; Bryndís Marteinsdóttir; Koen Martens; Peter Meffert; Andres Mellado-Díaz; Myles H. M. Menz; Christoph F. J. Meyer; Julia Ramos Miranda; David Mouillot; Alessandro Ossola; Robin Pakeman; Sandrine Pavoine; Burak Pekin; Joan Pino; Arnaud Pocheville; Francesco Pomati; Peter Poschlod; Honor C. Prentice; Oliver Purschke; Valerie Raevel; Triin Reitalu; Willem Renema; Ignacio Ribera; Natalie Robinson; Bjorn Robroek; Ricardo Rocha; Sen-Her Shieh; Rebecca Spake; Monika Staniaszek-Kik; Michal Stanko; Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro; Cajo Ter Braak; Mark C. Urban; Roel Van Klink; Sébastien Villéger; Ruut Wegman; Martin J. Westgate; Jonas Wolff; Jan Żarnowiec; Maxim Zolotarev; Jonathan M. Chase. 2020. "A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space." Scientific Data 7, no. 1: 1-15.
Orthodontium lineare, a neophyte of southern origin, was accidentally introduced by human activity to England in 1910. Subsequently it spread to mainland Europe and it continues to move eastward. In Poland, it was discovered in 1980–1981. The present paper shows dot distribution maps at 10-year intervals and discusses the dynamics of its invasion and ecological preferences using statistical methods. In Poland in 2018 it was known in 235 stands. 86.4% of them were located below 300 m a.s.l. and only 10.2% of the sites reached the lower mountain forest belt (maximum altitude 915 m). On every substrate and in all types of habitat, it commonly produced sporophytes (88.6% of the specimens investigated). Most commonly it occurred on rotting wood (38.5% of all records) and the base of tree trunks (33.9%). Rarely it grew on soil (podzolic and acid podzolic brown soils and humus on rocks; in total 19.0%). Most frequently it was found on the dead wood of Pinus sylvestris (31.3% of all records on rotting wood) and Picea abies (23.2%) and on the bases of P. sylvestris trunks (77.0%). Up to 2018 it was listed in 13 habitat types, including eight EU habitats (two priority), the most often invaded being semi-natural forest (25.8% of all records), boggy woodland (23.4%), mature managed forest developed from old plantations (17.7%), wooded dunes of the Atlantic region (9.7%) and Luzulo-Fagetum beech forest (6.9%). 33 accompanying taxa were found comprising 6 liverworts, 23 mosses and 4 lichens. Of these only 7 species were present in more than 5% of the samples.
Jan Żarnowiec; Adam Stebel; Damian Chmura. The alien moss Orthodontium lineare Schwägr. in Poland (East-Central Europe): a summary of nearly 40 years of invasion. Biological Invasions 2020, 22, 1249 -1263.
AMA StyleJan Żarnowiec, Adam Stebel, Damian Chmura. The alien moss Orthodontium lineare Schwägr. in Poland (East-Central Europe): a summary of nearly 40 years of invasion. Biological Invasions. 2020; 22 (4):1249-1263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Żarnowiec; Adam Stebel; Damian Chmura. 2020. "The alien moss Orthodontium lineare Schwägr. in Poland (East-Central Europe): a summary of nearly 40 years of invasion." Biological Invasions 22, no. 4: 1249-1263.
Forest management practices can not only influence the amount of deadwood but also the proportions of particular elements. The goal of the present paper was to compare the amount, number of logs, stumps and snags and their dendrometrical parameters between the protected and managed forests in the Karkonosze Mts after a huge dieback of Picea abies. A massive decline of Norway spruce has been observed since the 1980s. The protected forests belong to Karkonosze National Park and the managed forests are situated in its buffer zone. In total, 1336 elements of coarse woody debris (CWD) were included in the study. They were distributed on 180 study plots (10 m × 10 m) that were randomly selected. Among the deadwood elements, spruce Picea abies dominated (80.3%) followed by beech Fagus sylvatica (14.3%). Logs were more numerous in the protected forest (57.3%) than in the managed forests (42.7%). Snags and stumps were more frequent – 56.9% and 52.8%, respectively, in the managed forests than in the protected forests – 43.1% and 47.2%, respectively. The mean volume of CWD was ca 114 m3 ha-1 in the protected forests whereas ca 70 m3 ha-1 was in managed forests.The mean number of stumps per study plot was higher in the managed forests. The mean volume and mean area of logs were higher in the protected forest as was the mean volume and diameter at breast height, whereas the height of the snags was higher in the managed forests. In terms of differences in the decomposition of deadwood between the two types of forests, the mean weighted degree of decay on a five-degree scale amounted to 2.9 in the protected forests and 2.7 in the managed forests. A larger amount of deadwood as well as a greater volume and surface area are very important for nature conservation because deadwood can function as a niche for many saproxylobiont organisms. The forest management practices and especially the weak conditions of spruce lead to a larger number of snags in a managed forest due to the reconstruction of tree-stands and the removal of deadwood by foresters.
Monika Staniaszek-Kik; Jan Żarnowiec; Damian Chmura. The effect of forest management practices on deadwood resources and structure in protected and managed montane forests during tree-stand reconstruction after dieback of Norway spruce. BALTIC FORESTRY 2019, 25, 249 -256.
AMA StyleMonika Staniaszek-Kik, Jan Żarnowiec, Damian Chmura. The effect of forest management practices on deadwood resources and structure in protected and managed montane forests during tree-stand reconstruction after dieback of Norway spruce. BALTIC FORESTRY. 2019; 25 (2):249-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Staniaszek-Kik; Jan Żarnowiec; Damian Chmura. 2019. "The effect of forest management practices on deadwood resources and structure in protected and managed montane forests during tree-stand reconstruction after dieback of Norway spruce." BALTIC FORESTRY 25, no. 2: 249-256.
The hydrogeochemical conditions of the development of a carbonate swamp that had formed in a previous sandpit were studied. The object is located in the town of Jaworzno-Szczakowa in the Silesian Upland of southern Poland. It has been shown that the sandpit, which has not been reclaimed since its operation ceased, underwent spontaneous processes toward the development of calciphilic vegetation. The Biała Przemsza River plays a significant role in supplying the swamp with water. The water of this river is highly contaminated because it receives wastewaters from zinc-lead (Zn-Pb) ore mines. Water that has high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions favours the occurrence of calciphilic species (e.g., Liparis loeselii NATURA 2000 species), which form wetlands of carbonate vegetation that are rare in both Poland and Europe. The population size of this species on the studied swamp is a few hundred specimens. In addition to Liparis loeselii, there are other species that are protected or rare and endangered species at the national level and on the “red list” of Poland’s plants, hence such swamps could represent an important refuge for biodiversity.
Agnieszka Błońska; Joanna Kidawa; Tadeusz Molenda; Damian Chmura. Hydrogeochemical Conditions of the Development of Anthropogenic Carbonate Swamps: A Case Study of an Abandoned Polish Sandpit. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2019, 29, 561 -569.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Błońska, Joanna Kidawa, Tadeusz Molenda, Damian Chmura. Hydrogeochemical Conditions of the Development of Anthropogenic Carbonate Swamps: A Case Study of an Abandoned Polish Sandpit. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2019; 29 (1):561-569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Błońska; Joanna Kidawa; Tadeusz Molenda; Damian Chmura. 2019. "Hydrogeochemical Conditions of the Development of Anthropogenic Carbonate Swamps: A Case Study of an Abandoned Polish Sandpit." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 29, no. 1: 561-569.
This study analyzed the enemy release hypothesis (ERH) assumptions under different climatic conditions in a lowland region and a mountain region in Poland. A common garden experiment was performed in 2010 and 2011 using 3 native (Impatiens noli-tangere, Solidago virgaurea, and Polygonum bistorta), 2 noninvasive alien (Impatiens walleriana and Impatiens balsamina), and 4 invasive alien (Impatiens glandulifera, Impatiens parviflora, Solidago gigantea, and Reynoutria japonica) species. The species were surveyed for leaf damage and invertebrate pest attacks. In all tests, leaf damage and pests were recorded more frequently in the lowland than in the mountains. The differences were particularly evident in the models for Impatiens and in the leaf damage model for Solidago. The distinction was irrelevant for some species (Polygonaceae); however, these results should be interpreted with caution because the taxonomic relations between the studied Polygonaceae were lower than those between the other tested species. Considering all the tests, the assumptions of the ERH hypothesis were confirmed in 6 cases (29%), whereas there was no confirmation in 15 cases, including 7 cases of nonsignificance and 8 cases of the opposite results. Moreover, the overall result of the comparison between the noninvasive and invasive alien species was the opposite of that predicted by the ERH hypothesis; in more than 2/3 of the cases, invasive alien species were released from the enemy less effectively than were noninvasive ones. In conclusion, the assumptions of the ERH hypothesis do not always hold true, and the invasion success of alien species may depend on several factors, including specific local conditions.
Kamil Najberek; Henryk Okarma; Damian Chmura; Wiesław Król; Edward Walusiak; Wojciech Solarz. Enemy pressure exerted on alien and native plants may differ between montane and lowland regions. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 2019, 14, 275 -287.
AMA StyleKamil Najberek, Henryk Okarma, Damian Chmura, Wiesław Król, Edward Walusiak, Wojciech Solarz. Enemy pressure exerted on alien and native plants may differ between montane and lowland regions. Arthropod-Plant Interactions. 2019; 14 (2):275-287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamil Najberek; Henryk Okarma; Damian Chmura; Wiesław Król; Edward Walusiak; Wojciech Solarz. 2019. "Enemy pressure exerted on alien and native plants may differ between montane and lowland regions." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 14, no. 2: 275-287.
Invasion by alien species (AS) is one of the most serious threats to ecosystems. In Europe, the Natura 2000 habitats network was established to protect habitats vital for the conservation of biodiversity and function of ecosystems. Therefore, the appearance of AS in Natura 2000 habitats is a warning signal that the most valuable European habitats may be endangered. However, quantitative studies encompassing a wide spectrum of habitats are lacking, and there is no insight into the differences in the level of invasion among habitats. Our survey is based on the State Monitoring of Natura 2000 data and aimed at an assessment of the level of invasion in natural habitat types in Poland. The percentage of invaded locations, number and frequency of alien plant species was assessed in 79 Natura 2000 habitats, both terrestrial and water, investigated on 5,941 locations. The most invaded habitats (with the highest percentage of invaded plots) were dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides (habitat code 2160), rivers with muddy banks (habitat code 3270), and alpine rivers and herbaceous and ligneous vegetation along their banks (habitat codes: 3220, 3230, 3240). Grassland, forest and most of the bog, mire and fen habitats and also some habitats on a rock were invaded by a relatively large number of AS, but their frequency was comparatively low. In contrast, a high frequency of AS was found in the majority of dune and costal habitats and calaminarian grasslands. Compared with the period 2000–2010, the number of AS in some riparian, grassland and forest habitats rose noticeably. The occurrence of AS showed a negative correlation with conservation status of the habitats. This study has demonstrated that standard monitoring of Natura 2000 habitats provides the basis for the detection of AS, including invasive ones, in all types of habitats, and can be used for development rapid and effective response programs.
Joanna Perzanowska; Joanna Korzeniak; Damian Chmura. Alien species as a potential threat for Natura 2000 habitats: a national survey. PeerJ 2019, 7, e8032 .
AMA StyleJoanna Perzanowska, Joanna Korzeniak, Damian Chmura. Alien species as a potential threat for Natura 2000 habitats: a national survey. PeerJ. 2019; 7 ():e8032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Perzanowska; Joanna Korzeniak; Damian Chmura. 2019. "Alien species as a potential threat for Natura 2000 habitats: a national survey." PeerJ 7, no. : e8032.
Edvina Krokaitė; Dinara Shakeneva; Erika Juškaitytė; Tomas Rekašius; Jolanta Nemaniūtė-Gužienė; Jurgita Butkuvienė; Jolanta Patamsytė; Vida Rančelienė; Regina Vyšniauskienė; Laisvune Duchovskiene; Lina Jocienė; Zofija SINKEVIČIENĖ; Donatas Naugžemys; Violeta Kleizaitė; Damian Chmura; Neil O. Anderson; Donatas Žvingila; Eugenija Kupčinskienė. Nitrogen concentration of the aquatic plant species in relation to land cover type and other variables of the environment. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 2019, 106, 203 -212.
AMA StyleEdvina Krokaitė, Dinara Shakeneva, Erika Juškaitytė, Tomas Rekašius, Jolanta Nemaniūtė-Gužienė, Jurgita Butkuvienė, Jolanta Patamsytė, Vida Rančelienė, Regina Vyšniauskienė, Laisvune Duchovskiene, Lina Jocienė, Zofija SINKEVIČIENĖ, Donatas Naugžemys, Violeta Kleizaitė, Damian Chmura, Neil O. Anderson, Donatas Žvingila, Eugenija Kupčinskienė. Nitrogen concentration of the aquatic plant species in relation to land cover type and other variables of the environment. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. 2019; 106 (3):203-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdvina Krokaitė; Dinara Shakeneva; Erika Juškaitytė; Tomas Rekašius; Jolanta Nemaniūtė-Gužienė; Jurgita Butkuvienė; Jolanta Patamsytė; Vida Rančelienė; Regina Vyšniauskienė; Laisvune Duchovskiene; Lina Jocienė; Zofija SINKEVIČIENĖ; Donatas Naugžemys; Violeta Kleizaitė; Damian Chmura; Neil O. Anderson; Donatas Žvingila; Eugenija Kupčinskienė. 2019. "Nitrogen concentration of the aquatic plant species in relation to land cover type and other variables of the environment." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 106, no. 3: 203-212.
Forest management practices fundamentally impact the structure of a forest (relatively young stage of forest development, dominating stands with only one or two species of trees, planting coniferous tree species on habitats of deciduous forests, introducing alien tree species, very limited volume of dead wood). Bryophytes are especially sensitive to silvicultural practices. The aim of this study was to examine the importance of particular substrates for maintaining bryophyte species diversity in the Murckowski Forest (Silesian Upland S Poland), which is at present a managed forest. In 100 sampling plots, the structure of the forest and the species composition, frequency and abundance of bryophytes on different types of substrates (ground, tree base, tree trunk and dead wood) were analysed. In total, 54 bryophyte species were recorded (five liverworts and 49 mosses). The largest number of species was observed on dead wood (42), while the lowest number was of typical epiphytes growing on tree trunks bark more than 30 cm above the ground (18). This study confirms that dead wood is a key habitat and determines not only the number of epixylic species, but also the whole richness of bryophyte species. Maximal diameter of trees and presence of old tree stands were significant factors for species that were colonizing the tree bases.
Barbara Fojcik; Mariusz Wierzgoń; Damian Chmura. Response of Bryophytes to Disturbances in Managed Forests. A Case Study from a Polish Forest. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 2019, 40, 105 -118.
AMA StyleBarbara Fojcik, Mariusz Wierzgoń, Damian Chmura. Response of Bryophytes to Disturbances in Managed Forests. A Case Study from a Polish Forest. Cryptogamie, Bryologie. 2019; 40 (10):105-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Fojcik; Mariusz Wierzgoń; Damian Chmura. 2019. "Response of Bryophytes to Disturbances in Managed Forests. A Case Study from a Polish Forest." Cryptogamie, Bryologie 40, no. 10: 105-118.
The relationship between the size of the particle fractions of the soil substrate and the diversity of the spontaneously developing vegetation was investigated on coal mine spoil heaps in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland). The analyses were based on 2567 research plots of developed spontaneous vegetation and their associated soil substrate samples collected from 112 coal mine spoil heaps. For each research plot the prevailing particle size fraction was determined (stones, gravel, sand, silt), the species composition and abundance was recorded and the species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′), Simpson (C) and Evenness (E) indices were used to determine species diversity. From a total of 119 research plots (in all particle size fraction categories), the values of 15 physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, moisture, carbon content, total N, available P, Mg and exchange cations Ca, Mg, K, Na, fine particles (%), gravel (%), stone (%)) were obtained to asses their impact on the floristic composition of vegetation patches using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Additionally, functional traits of the dominant species of each vegetation patch (life forms, life strategies and socio-ecological groups), were selected to analyse their relation to substrate texture. It was shown that the highest species richness and the highest values for Shannon-Wiener diversity index, as well as Simpson and Evenness indices, were obtained in plots formed on stones. Moreover, the greatest variation in the participation of species representing different habitats, life forms, and life strategies was found on gravelly substrates. Contrary to our expectations, the vegetation diversity (in terms of both species and their functional traits) was not highest in habitats with a high composition of fine size particles.
Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba; Wojciech Bierza; Agnieszka Błońska; Edyta Sierka; Franco Magurno; Damian Chmura; Lynn Besenyei; Łukasz Radosz; Gabriela Woźniak. Vegetation diversity on coal mine spoil heaps – how important is the texture of the soil substrate? Biologia 2019, 74, 419 -436.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Kompała-Bąba, Wojciech Bierza, Agnieszka Błońska, Edyta Sierka, Franco Magurno, Damian Chmura, Lynn Besenyei, Łukasz Radosz, Gabriela Woźniak. Vegetation diversity on coal mine spoil heaps – how important is the texture of the soil substrate? Biologia. 2019; 74 (4):419-436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Kompała-Bąba; Wojciech Bierza; Agnieszka Błońska; Edyta Sierka; Franco Magurno; Damian Chmura; Lynn Besenyei; Łukasz Radosz; Gabriela Woźniak. 2019. "Vegetation diversity on coal mine spoil heaps – how important is the texture of the soil substrate?" Biologia 74, no. 4: 419-436.
Aldona Katarzyna Uziębło; T. Staszewski; D. Chmura. Influence of pH, nitrogen and sulphur deposition on species composition of lowland and montane coniferous communities in the Tatrzanski and Slowinski National Parks, Poland. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 2019, 12, 141 -148.
AMA StyleAldona Katarzyna Uziębło, T. Staszewski, D. Chmura. Influence of pH, nitrogen and sulphur deposition on species composition of lowland and montane coniferous communities in the Tatrzanski and Slowinski National Parks, Poland. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry. 2019; 12 (1):141-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAldona Katarzyna Uziębło; T. Staszewski; D. Chmura. 2019. "Influence of pH, nitrogen and sulphur deposition on species composition of lowland and montane coniferous communities in the Tatrzanski and Slowinski National Parks, Poland." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 12, no. 1: 141-148.
The dead standing trees i.e. snags are known as habitat for epiphytic and epixylic species including first of all lichens and bryophytes. The vascular plants are much rarer on this type of coarse woody debris (CWD). The eighty snags (CWD elements higher than 1.5 m) of Norway spruce Picea abies and beech Fagus sylvatica in the Karkonosze Mts. were examined for the presence of lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants. The height of snags, their decomposition stage, cover of bark, diameter at breast height (DBH) as well as site conditions (elevation, slope and aspect, presence in forest community) were measured and noted. The percent cover of plants and lichens were estimated on each snag. Totally 99 taxa were recorded. There lichen species were dominant (44), followed by mosses (34), liverworts (13) and there were only 8 vascular plants. The total species richness varied from 1 to 22 taxa. The species composition growing on snags was subjected to canonical correspondence analysis and statistical analyses. They revealed that the species identity of snag is one of the most important factors influencing species composition. The number of species is positively correlated with DBH whereas decomposition stage, presence of bark, snag height are not significant factors. The species richness increases also with altitude what is connected with higher abundance of spruce snags. The occurrence of snags in this area is mainly associated with forest management practices in the past. Despite of some observed patterns in colonization of snags they are important habitat especially for lichens.
Monika Staniaszek-Kik; D. Chmura; Jan Żarnowiec. What factors influence colonization of lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants on snags? Biologia 2019, 74, 375 -384.
AMA StyleMonika Staniaszek-Kik, D. Chmura, Jan Żarnowiec. What factors influence colonization of lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants on snags? Biologia. 2019; 74 (4):375-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Staniaszek-Kik; D. Chmura; Jan Żarnowiec. 2019. "What factors influence colonization of lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants on snags?" Biologia 74, no. 4: 375-384.