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Dr. Dani Broitman
Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

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0 ecological economics
0 Enviromental economics
0 system modelling
0 land use changes
0 Urban and regional economics

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Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The structure of modern cities is characterized by the uneven spatial distribution of people and activities. Contrary to economic theory, it is neither evenly distributed nor entirely monocentric. The observed reality is the result of various feedbacks in the context of the interactions of attraction and repulsion. Heretofore, there is no agreement concerning the means to measuring the dimensions of these interactions, nor the framework for explaining them. We propose a simple model and an associated method for testing the interactions using residential land values. We claim that land values reflect the attractiveness of each location, including its observable and unobservable characteristics. We extract land values from prices of residences by applying a dedicated hedonic model to extensive residential real estate transaction data at a detailed spatial level. The resulting land values reflect the attractiveness of each urban location and are an ideal candidate to measure the degree of centrality or peripherality of each location. Moreover, assessment of land values over time indicates ongoing centralization and peripheralization processes. Using the urban structure of a small and highly urbanized country as a test case, this paper illustrates how the dynamics of the gap between central and peripheral urban areas can be assessed.

ACS Style

Erez Buda; Dani Broitman; Daniel Czamanski. Urban Structure in Troubled Times: The Evolution of Principal and Secondary Core/Periphery Gaps through the Prism of Residential Land Values. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5722 .

AMA Style

Erez Buda, Dani Broitman, Daniel Czamanski. Urban Structure in Troubled Times: The Evolution of Principal and Secondary Core/Periphery Gaps through the Prism of Residential Land Values. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5722.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erez Buda; Dani Broitman; Daniel Czamanski. 2021. "Urban Structure in Troubled Times: The Evolution of Principal and Secondary Core/Periphery Gaps through the Prism of Residential Land Values." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5722.

Editorial
Published: 11 February 2021 in International Regional Science Review
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Dani Broitman; Karima Kourtit. The New Data Revolution in Regional Science: A Tribute to the Late Stan Czamanski. International Regional Science Review 2021, 44, 323 -327.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Karima Kourtit. The New Data Revolution in Regional Science: A Tribute to the Late Stan Czamanski. International Regional Science Review. 2021; 44 (3-4):323-327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Karima Kourtit. 2021. "The New Data Revolution in Regional Science: A Tribute to the Late Stan Czamanski." International Regional Science Review 44, no. 3-4: 323-327.

Conference paper
Published: 03 October 2020 in Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV
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Ecosystem services are defined as benefits obtained by humans from ecosystem functions and processes. Although the different types of ecosystem services are well defined, their measurement and quantification has remained controversial despite long last research efforts. A particularly elusive and often neglected aspect of ecosystem services quantification has been a proper identification of the beneficiaries. We argue that a clear-cut distinction between locally-provided and globally-relevant ecosystem services are necessary in order to manage a meaningful debate about ecosystem services quantification. Using a detailed spatial analysis of land-use change and residential location in The Netherlands over almost two decades, we operationalize the distinction between two types of services provided by “green” land uses (protected natural areas, agricultural areas and parks). Recreational services available to nearby dwellers are used as an example of locally-provided ecosystem services, while carbon sequestration exemplifies the globally-relevant category. The conclusion is that while monetary value can be justified as a proxy measure of globally-relevant ecosystem services, non-monetary approaches are appropriate for locally-provided ecosystem services. The distinction between both types of ecosystem services is useful also for policy-making purposes: Quantification of locally-provided services is well suited for spatial planning in general and urban planning in particular, but globally-relevant services assessment (specially its monetary approach) is more informative at national and supranational levels.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman. Locally-Provided and Globally-Relevant Ecosystem Services: A Needed Distinction for Quantification. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2020, 12253, 394 -404.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman. Locally-Provided and Globally-Relevant Ecosystem Services: A Needed Distinction for Quantification. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2020; 12253 ():394-404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman. 2020. "Locally-Provided and Globally-Relevant Ecosystem Services: A Needed Distinction for Quantification." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 12253, no. : 394-404.

Research article
Published: 03 September 2020 in International Regional Science Review
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In this article we explore the claim that spatial interactions among cities are significant drivers of their growth. We assert that reallocation of ideas among cities is a source of improved allocation of resources. We propose a closed economy, agent-based model that is in constant flux. It is populated by autonomous agents that compete and adjust constantly their behavior in reaction to the conditions they perceive. The economy is a dynamic, self-organizing system. We focus on the intensity of globalization as the critical economic process that explains differences in convergence and divergence in the system. The means by which the extent of globalization affects the long-run performance of economies is the geographic reach of new ideas and their conversion into innovations. The question that plays out in our model is the relative influence of globalization and the localized entrepreneurial ecology on innovation. When the globalization is weak, new firms are limited by the market value of their own city. As the globalization strengthens, more and more new firms belong to the global playground. We demonstrate that in line with empirical literature, the gross domestic product of our urban system increases greatly with the increase in globalization level.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Daniel Czamanski. Endogenous Growth in a Spatial Economy: The Impact of Globalization on Innovations and Convergence. International Regional Science Review 2020, 44, 385 -399.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Daniel Czamanski. Endogenous Growth in a Spatial Economy: The Impact of Globalization on Innovations and Convergence. International Regional Science Review. 2020; 44 (3-4):385-399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Daniel Czamanski. 2020. "Endogenous Growth in a Spatial Economy: The Impact of Globalization on Innovations and Convergence." International Regional Science Review 44, no. 3-4: 385-399.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Planning delay time is a ubiquitous but under-researched land use regulation method. The aim of this study is to link planning delay time with the loss of urban locally provided ecosystem services (ULPES) caused by land development. Our main hypothesis is that the planning delay is an informal tool that ensures social welfare in a given urban area increases even if land is developed and the ULPES associated with the undeveloped land are lost. Whereas the developer’s objective is to maximize his profits, the planner’s target is to achieve the greatest social welfare, as calculated by considering public interest based on the value of open space and the developer’s expected profits. Our results show that, when the ULPES provided by an undeveloped parcel are sufficiently high, planning delay times can be used to prevent the execution of low quality initiatives and to only permit projects that improve general welfare and justify the potential ULPES loss. Planning delay times are interpreted as the expression of continuous negotiation between the interests of the public and those of real-estate developers, regarding the value of ULPES. The implication of the study is that ULPES values are introduced using a simple game-theoretic model allowing interaction between developers and planning authorities. The main significance is an alternative explanation for planning delay times as a consequence of ongoing negotiations between developers and urban planners that represent the general public in the city.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman. The Game of Developers and Planners: Ecosystem Services as a (Hidden) Regulation through Planning Delay Times. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5940 .

AMA Style

Dani Broitman. The Game of Developers and Planners: Ecosystem Services as a (Hidden) Regulation through Planning Delay Times. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5940.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman. 2020. "The Game of Developers and Planners: Ecosystem Services as a (Hidden) Regulation through Planning Delay Times." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5940.

Research article
Published: 03 June 2020 in Journal of Land Use Science
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The coexistence of different land uses in peri-urban areas is a well-known planning and managerial challenge, but explicit analyses of the boundaries and interfaces between different land uses are lacking. This paper suggests a method to explicitly quantify the spatial extent of the interfaces between different land uses. The analysis is carried out using urban development models and an empirical analysis. Using detailed Dutch geographical data, we study the evolution of the boundaries between residential, natural and agricultural land uses and their associated interface areas. The areas affected by interfaces are smaller than predicted by realistic urban models, but the shape and extent of the interface areas are extremely varied. The population share and the extent of the geographical areas potentially affected by land-use interfaces and their edge effects are great, calling for detailed follow up analyses and tailor-made planning tools at local levels.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman. The long and winding boundaries: quantifying interfaces between residential, natural and agricultural land uses. Journal of Land Use Science 2020, 15, 607 -625.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman. The long and winding boundaries: quantifying interfaces between residential, natural and agricultural land uses. Journal of Land Use Science. 2020; 15 (5):607-625.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman. 2020. "The long and winding boundaries: quantifying interfaces between residential, natural and agricultural land uses." Journal of Land Use Science 15, no. 5: 607-625.

Research article
Published: 23 March 2020 in International Regional Science Review
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We present a comprehensive agent-based model of a closed system of cities. The model includes two types of agents—employees and firms. Firms compete for workers and make decisions concerning what to produce and whether to adopt innovations. Individual employees make migration decisions. Some migrants become intrapreneurs when their employers adopt production process innovations that they propose. Some migrants become entrepreneurs when the product innovations that they propose are implemented by their employers in new subsidiary firms. These firms tend to be technological leaders. The decisions of individuals and of firms generate innovation–migration dynamics that generate a variety of city sizes. A city that is home to firms that are currently relatively attractive to migrating innovators experience moderate or fast growth. Because of particular decision patterns by individuals and firms, this growth may decline and stop, and the city may stagnate and loose workers as its relative attractiveness decreases. Cities that remain unattractive for long periods can stop growing and shrink. We model explicitly the extent to which cities attract immigrants and innovators and demonstrate that the size distribution of cities is defined by the ability of its resident firms to adopt the innovations and to let the product innovators establish technologically advanced enterprises. These decisions result in high market value of the most productive firms, of the entire industrial system the city where the firm is located, and of the entire urban system.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Itzhak Benenson; Daniel Czamanski. The Impact of Migration and Innovations on the Life Cycles and Size Distribution of Cities. International Regional Science Review 2020, 43, 531 -549.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Itzhak Benenson, Daniel Czamanski. The Impact of Migration and Innovations on the Life Cycles and Size Distribution of Cities. International Regional Science Review. 2020; 43 (5):531-549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Itzhak Benenson; Daniel Czamanski. 2020. "The Impact of Migration and Innovations on the Life Cycles and Size Distribution of Cities." International Regional Science Review 43, no. 5: 531-549.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2019 in Environmental Research
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Epidemiological studies often focus on risk assessments associated with exposures to specific air pollutants or proximity to different air pollution sources. Although this information is essential for devising informed health policies, it is not always helpful when it comes to the estimation of potential health effects associated with the introduction or relocation of local health hazards. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach to forecasting the morbidity-reduction impact of hypothetical removal of a major air pollution source from a densely populated urban area. The proposed approach is implemented in three stages. First, we identify and measure the strength of association of individual environmental factors with local morbidity patterns. Next, we use the estimated models to simulate the impact of removal of the pollution source under analysis and its replacement by green areas. Using this assessment, we then estimate potential changes in the local morbidity rates by mutually comparing the observed risk surface of disease with the risk surface simulated by modelling. To validate the proposed approach empirically, we use childhood asthma morbidity data available for a major metropolitan area in Israel, which hosts a large petrochemical complex. According to our estimates, relocation of the petrochemical complex in question is expected to result in about 70% drop in the childhood asthma morbidity rate area-wide. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first that suggests an operational approach to incorporating epidemiological assessments as an input for urban development plans related to local sources of air pollution.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Boris A. Portnov. Forecasting health effects potentially associated with the relocation of a major air pollution source. Environmental Research 2019, 182, 109088 .

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Boris A. Portnov. Forecasting health effects potentially associated with the relocation of a major air pollution source. Environmental Research. 2019; 182 ():109088.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Boris A. Portnov. 2019. "Forecasting health effects potentially associated with the relocation of a major air pollution source." Environmental Research 182, no. : 109088.

Research article
Published: 09 September 2019 in Urban Studies
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Urban growth is typically considered a process of expansion. As population grows and transport costs decrease urban density gradients are expected to gradually flatten. This is a basic feature of cities, explained by urban economic models and empirically supported by a plethora of studies about urban density development from all over the world. However, additional forces, such as changes in demographic composition and locational preferences of the urban population acting at local levels, may counteract the flattening tendency of urban gradients. In this paper, we suggest a methodology to test the impact of local density changes on urban gradients, looking at spatio-temporal developments in terms of housing and population. Using highly detailed data on individual housing units and inhabitants in major Dutch cities, we first assess and compare urban density gradients during the period 2000–2017. In all the analysed Dutch cities, both dwelling and population density gradients are becoming steeper over time, contradicting standard predictions from urban economic literature and empirical reports worldwide. The observed trend of steepening urban gradients is partly explained by the presence of historical monuments and urban amenities.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Eric Koomen. The attraction of urban cores: Densification in Dutch city centres. Urban Studies 2019, 57, 1920 -1939.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Eric Koomen. The attraction of urban cores: Densification in Dutch city centres. Urban Studies. 2019; 57 (9):1920-1939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Eric Koomen. 2019. "The attraction of urban cores: Densification in Dutch city centres." Urban Studies 57, no. 9: 1920-1939.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2019 in Environmental Science & Policy
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The characteristics of decision-makers are generally not included in models of environmental-economic conflicts. These models can be classified in two classes according to their goal: Multi Objective models include several conflicting objective functions that should be optimized simultaneously, and Game Theory models that result in a single solution analyzing the interactions among the players. Despite their applicability and usefulness these models have several limitations. The most severe is that, generally, the decision-maker is absent from both classes of models. We suggest an operational model for environmental-economic conflict resolution from the point of view of the decision-makers which addresses these concerns. The first step is building the Pareto frontier. Then the focus moves to the decision-maker characteristics: The appropriate game theoretic tool used to solve the conflict is chosen according to those characteristics. The result of this tailor-made game is a single Pareto optimal response which reflects both the decision-maker characteristics, the real-word relations of power between her and the players and among the players themselves. Introducing explicitly the decision-maker preferences in the model, results in more efficient solutions, and allow for a clear explanation about why the chosen solution is better than any other one, subject to the initial decision-maker characterization.

ACS Style

N. Shapira; M. Housh; D. Broitman. Decision-makers matter: An operational model for environmental-economic conflict resolution. Environmental Science & Policy 2019, 98, 77 -87.

AMA Style

N. Shapira, M. Housh, D. Broitman. Decision-makers matter: An operational model for environmental-economic conflict resolution. Environmental Science & Policy. 2019; 98 ():77-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Shapira; M. Housh; D. Broitman. 2019. "Decision-makers matter: An operational model for environmental-economic conflict resolution." Environmental Science & Policy 98, no. : 77-87.

Research article
Published: 28 November 2018 in Urban Studies
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Proximity to nature is highly valued by urbanites, who demonstrate higher willingness to pay for housing at locations near open and green spaces. However, nature in cities can generate negative externalities as well. In this article, we illustrate the complex relationship between cities and nature and suggest that their balance is time and location specific. The article presents estimates of positive and negative externalities based on data about encounters of humans with wild animals in the city of Haifa, Israel, and residential property values nearby. The data were analysed to uncover spatial regularities and basic statistical relationships. The results reveal the presence of dominant positive externalities when the human–wild animals interaction is low, driven by proximity to open and green areas. However, in certain areas and under certain circumstances, the nuisance generated by higher probabilities of encounters with wild animals near dwelling areas is correlated with lower property prices, overcoming the positive externalities of location near natural areas.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Vladimir Griskin; Daniel Czamanski. Unbundling negative and positive externalities of nature in cities: The influence of wild animals on housing prices. Urban Studies 2018, 56, 2820 -2836.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Vladimir Griskin, Daniel Czamanski. Unbundling negative and positive externalities of nature in cities: The influence of wild animals on housing prices. Urban Studies. 2018; 56 (13):2820-2836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Vladimir Griskin; Daniel Czamanski. 2018. "Unbundling negative and positive externalities of nature in cities: The influence of wild animals on housing prices." Urban Studies 56, no. 13: 2820-2836.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2018 in International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics
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Publishers of Foundations and Trends, making research accessible

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Danny Czamanski; Dan Malkinson. Cities and Nature. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics 2018, 12, 47 -83.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Danny Czamanski, Dan Malkinson. Cities and Nature. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics. 2018; 12 (1):47-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Danny Czamanski; Dan Malkinson. 2018. "Cities and Nature." International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics 12, no. 1: 47-83.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Waste Management
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Setting up a sustainable agricultural vegetative waste-management system is a challenging investment task, particularly when markets for output products of waste-treatment technologies are not well established. We conduct an economic analysis of possible investments in treatment technologies of agricultural vegetative waste, while accounting for fluctuating output prices. Under a risk-neutral approach, we find the range of output-product prices within which each considered technology becomes most profitable, using average final prices as the exclusive factor. Under a risk-averse perspective, we rank the treatment technologies based on their computed certainty-equivalent profits as functions of the coefficient of variation of the technologies’ output prices. We find the ranking of treatment technologies based on average prices to be robust to output-price fluctuations provided that the coefficient of variation of the output prices is below about 0.4, that is, approximately twice as high as that of well-established recycled-material markets such as glass, paper and plastic. We discuss some policy implications that arise from our analysis regarding vegetative waste management and its associated risks.

ACS Style

D. Broitman; O. Raviv; O. Ayalon; I. Kan. Designing an agricultural vegetative waste-management system under uncertain prices of treatment-technology output products. Waste Management 2018, 75, 37 -43.

AMA Style

D. Broitman, O. Raviv, O. Ayalon, I. Kan. Designing an agricultural vegetative waste-management system under uncertain prices of treatment-technology output products. Waste Management. 2018; 75 ():37-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Broitman; O. Raviv; O. Ayalon; I. Kan. 2018. "Designing an agricultural vegetative waste-management system under uncertain prices of treatment-technology output products." Waste Management 75, no. : 37-43.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Waste Management
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The spatial distribution of vegetative agricultural residuals (VAR) implies that any waste treatment system (WTS) designed to manage VAR is particularly sensitive to transportation costs. Additionally, a wide range of treatment technologies is potentially available for VAR treatment, but some of them lack a well-developed market for their output products. This study develops a method to design an economically feasible VAR treatment system, analyzing the profitability of the system as a function of logistics and uncertain market prices of the available treatment technologies' products. The design method includes an economic optimization model followed by a sensitivity analysis of the potential changes in the system's profitability. The results show that the market price of the treatment technologies' products has a larger impact on the system's profitability than transportation costs. Specifically, if biochar prices reach the level forecasted by experts, pyrolysis will become the dominant technology of the WTS. The research highlights the importance of the treatment technology selection and the location of treatment facilities in the design of an optimal WTS for VAR.

ACS Style

Orna Raviv; Dani Broitman; Ofira Ayalon; Iddo Kan. A regional optimization model for waste-to-energy generation using agricultural vegetative residuals. Waste Management 2018, 73, 546 -555.

AMA Style

Orna Raviv, Dani Broitman, Ofira Ayalon, Iddo Kan. A regional optimization model for waste-to-energy generation using agricultural vegetative residuals. Waste Management. 2018; 73 ():546-555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Orna Raviv; Dani Broitman; Ofira Ayalon; Iddo Kan. 2018. "A regional optimization model for waste-to-energy generation using agricultural vegetative residuals." Waste Management 73, no. : 546-555.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Habitat International
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ACS Style

Daniel Czamanski; Dani Broitman. The life cycle of cities. Habitat International 2018, 72, 100 -108.

AMA Style

Daniel Czamanski, Dani Broitman. The life cycle of cities. Habitat International. 2018; 72 ():100-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Czamanski; Dani Broitman. 2018. "The life cycle of cities." Habitat International 72, no. : 100-108.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Socio-Economic Planning Sciences
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ACS Style

Daniel Czamanski; Dani Broitman. Information and communication technology and the spatial evolution of mature cities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 2017, 58, 30 -38.

AMA Style

Daniel Czamanski, Dani Broitman. Information and communication technology and the spatial evolution of mature cities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 2017; 58 ():30-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Czamanski; Dani Broitman. 2017. "Information and communication technology and the spatial evolution of mature cities." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 58, no. : 30-38.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2017 in Quality Innovation Prosperity
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Purpose: Proximity to nature is highly valued by urbanites. They demonstrate higher willingness to pay for housing at locations near open and green spaces. But, nature in cities can generate negative externalities as well. The aim of this paper is to present the complex relationship between nature and cities and the possible negative influence of urban nature on property prices.Methodology/Approach: The data presented in this paper include open spaces, the presence of wild animals and residential property values in Haifa, Israel. These data were analyzed to uncover spatial regularities and basic statistical relationships.Findings: The results reveal the expected presence of dominant positive externalities related to proximity to open and green areas. However, in certain areas and under certain circumstances, the nuisances generated by the presence of wild animals in close proximity to housing are correlated with lower property prices.Research Limitation/implication: We demonstrate in this paper that that there is a complex relationship between nature and cities, albeit focusing our analysis on large mammals in cities only. Disentangling positive and negative externalities of urban nature is a challenging task. The paper presents an example of the potential difficulties that need to be dealt with in such analysis.Originality/Value of paper: Through the case study, we show that there are good reasons to believe that there are both positive and negative externalities of nature in cities. To our best knowledge, attempts to disentangle both types of effects using property values do not exist in the literature.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Danny Czamanski; Marina Toger. The Complex Interactions between Cities and Nature. Quality Innovation Prosperity 2017, 21, 92 .

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Danny Czamanski, Marina Toger. The Complex Interactions between Cities and Nature. Quality Innovation Prosperity. 2017; 21 (1):92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Danny Czamanski; Marina Toger. 2017. "The Complex Interactions between Cities and Nature." Quality Innovation Prosperity 21, no. 1: 92.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2015 in Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
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Attributeless event point datasets (AEPDs) are datasets composed of discrete events or observations defined by their geographical location only and lacking any other additional attributes. Examples of such datasets include spotted criminal events, road accidents and residential locations of disease patients. A commonly used approach to the analysis of such datasets involves their aggregation into predefined areal units, such as neighborhoods or census tracts. However, this approach does not perform effectively when the events of interests are geographically localized and the number of areal units available for aggregation is small. An alternative approach to the analysis of AEPDs is based on double kernel density (DKD) smoothing, according to which events of interest are transformed into continuous density surfaces and then normalized by the density of the entire population from which the events of interest are drawn. In the present study, the applicability of the DKD approach to multivariate analysis is tested for estimation consistency, sensitivity to the number of input observations and potential bias attributed to the spatial dependency of neighboring observations. Our analysis indicates that the DKD approach provides reasonably stable and consistent estimates, if the following three preconditions are met: (a) the kernel estimation parameters are properly defined, (b) the number of reference points, used for transformation of continuous DKD surfaces into discrete observations, is sufficiently large, and (c) the spatial dependency of neighboring observations is taken into account using spatial analysis tools.

ACS Style

Marina Zusman; Dani Broitman; Boris A. Portnov. Application of the double kernel density approach to the multivariate analysis of attributeless event point datasets. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences 2015, 9, 363 -382.

AMA Style

Marina Zusman, Dani Broitman, Boris A. Portnov. Application of the double kernel density approach to the multivariate analysis of attributeless event point datasets. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences. 2015; 9 (3):363-382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marina Zusman; Dani Broitman; Boris A. Portnov. 2015. "Application of the double kernel density approach to the multivariate analysis of attributeless event point datasets." Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences 9, no. 3: 363-382.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
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The development of residential areas over time is a complex process that is characterised by substantial spatial and temporal variation. In essence, residential growth processes lead to two types of development: the construction of new housing units within existing residential areas (densification) or the development of new residential areas on land that was formerly open (expansion). This paper aims to understand the dynamic balance between these two processes and does so by analysing local changes in housing stock over time.The analysis is carried out for urban areas in the Netherlands, a country where urban concentration ambitions were adjusted in recent years. This changing planning context adds to the uncertainty about future residential development processes. Using detailed geographical data about land use and residential densities from 2000 onwards we study residential development and density changes in relation to prevailing spatially explicit policies. The observed changes are statistically linked to geographic and policy variables, such as the availability of developable land and the presence of restrictive or stimulating spatial policies.Residential densification is shown to occur in almost all regions of the country and is generally lower when demand for new dwellings is high and a limited amount of land is available within cities. Residential development zones are influential in shifting pressure from city cores while prescribing relatively high densities in expansions. At the local level we observe great variation in residential density development, but we find that densities increase within designated urban development zones and areas that rich in amenities. Restrictive planning regulations related to natural and landscape values tend to limit residential densities, as do initial high densities

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Eric Koomen. Residential density change: Densification and urban expansion. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 2015, 54, 32 -46.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Eric Koomen. Residential density change: Densification and urban expansion. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 2015; 54 ():32-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Eric Koomen. 2015. "Residential density change: Densification and urban expansion." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 54, no. : 32-46.

Research article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design
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Urban construction activities are subject to periods of fast expansion followed by periods of slow growth. Some of these expansions are limited in size, while others are huge. Therefore, it is not surprising that equilibrium-oriented classical models of urban spatial structure are hard pressed to explain the formation of modern cities with polycentric structure and births of subcenters in particular. To understand the development of cities' spatial patterns we present a model of urban spatial dynamics that is driven by two types of real-estate entrepreneurs that differ in their degree of risk aversion. The developers act in the shadow of the city planning board that formulates urban development policy and defines the boundaries of future residential expansions. The model's salient feature is the time lag between the time of purchase of property rights by land developers and the time of the realization of revenues. We assume that this lag varies in space, being much larger in locations that are not zoned for building. It can be reduced by the planning board in cases of high demand for dwellings. We use the model to demonstrate how the interaction between demand for dwellings, the choices taken by each type of developer, and planning policies leads to the creation of new urban subcenters. The model dynamics are characterized by long out-of-equilibrium periods followed by sudden bursts of construction activity that resembles self-organized criticality.

ACS Style

Dani Broitman; Daniel Czamanski. Bursts and Avalanches: The Dynamics of Polycentric Urban Evolution. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2015, 42, 58 -75.

AMA Style

Dani Broitman, Daniel Czamanski. Bursts and Avalanches: The Dynamics of Polycentric Urban Evolution. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 2015; 42 (1):58-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dani Broitman; Daniel Czamanski. 2015. "Bursts and Avalanches: The Dynamics of Polycentric Urban Evolution." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 42, no. 1: 58-75.