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Brigita Gajšek
Faculty of logistics, University of Maribor, Mariborska cesta 7, 3000 Celje, Slovenia

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Journal article
Published: 16 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Black carbon is one of the riskiest particle matter pollutants that is harmful to human health. Although it has been increasingly investigated, factors that depend on black carbon distribution and concentration are still insufficiently researched. Variables, such as traffic density, wind speeds, and ground levels can lead to substantial variations of black carbon concentrations and potential exposure, which is even riskier for people living in less-airy sites. Therefore, this paper “fills the gaps” by studying black carbon distribution variations, concentrations, and oscillations, with special emphasis on traffic density and road segments, at multiple locations, in a small city located in a basin, with frequent temperature inversions and infrequent low wind speeds. As wind speed has a significant impact on black carbon concentration trends, it is critical to present how low wind speeds influence black carbon dispersion in a basin city, and how black carbon is dependent on traffic density. Our results revealed that when the wind reached speeds of 1 ms−1, black carbon concentrations actually increased. In lengthy wind periods, when wind speeds reached 2 or 3 ms−1, black carbon concentrations decreased during rush hour and in the time of severe winter biomass burning. By observing the results, it could be concluded that black carbon persists longer in higher altitudes than near ground level. Black carbon concentration oscillations were also seen as more pronounced on main roads with higher traffic density. The more the traffic decreases and becomes steady, the more black carbon concentrations oscillate.

ACS Style

Borut Jereb; Brigita Gajšek; Gregor Šipek; Špela Kovše; Matevz Obrecht. Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6490 .

AMA Style

Borut Jereb, Brigita Gajšek, Gregor Šipek, Špela Kovše, Matevz Obrecht. Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Borut Jereb; Brigita Gajšek; Gregor Šipek; Špela Kovše; Matevz Obrecht. 2021. "Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6490.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The logistics sector should strive for sustainability alongside productivity by protecting its order pickers’ health and welfare. Existing storage assignment models are mainly based on the criterion of order picking time and, to a lesser extent, the human factor. In the paper, a solution to a storage assignment problem using a multi-objective model based on binary integer linear programing is presented by developing a solution that considers order picking time, energy expenditure and health risk. The Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) method was used for health risk assessment. The downside of solely health risk-optimization is that the average order picking time increases by approximately 33% compared to solely time-optimization. Contrary to this, the developed multi-objective function emphasizing time has proven to be promising in finding a compromise between the optimal order picking time and eliminating work situations with a very-high risk for injuries. Its use increases the time by only 3.8% compared to solely time-optimization while significantly reducing health risk.

ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Simona Šinko; Tomaž Kramberger; Marcin Butlewski; Eren Özceylan; Goran Đukić. Towards Productive and Ergonomic Order Picking: Multi-Objective Modeling Approach. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4179 .

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Simona Šinko, Tomaž Kramberger, Marcin Butlewski, Eren Özceylan, Goran Đukić. Towards Productive and Ergonomic Order Picking: Multi-Objective Modeling Approach. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):4179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Simona Šinko; Tomaž Kramberger; Marcin Butlewski; Eren Özceylan; Goran Đukić. 2021. "Towards Productive and Ergonomic Order Picking: Multi-Objective Modeling Approach." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4179.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2021 in Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0
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This chapter presents a workspace redesign of a toolmaker position in a tooling industry towards Industry 4.0. In general, the theory is lacking studies that would pinpoint concrete methodology to present the redesign of a company specific workplace in a way that would follow guidelines of the Industry 4.0 systematically. In this research, the authors have primarily focused on a digital readiness and identification of potential areas and tasks suitable for the implementation of enabling technologies. Collected data are based on the case study conducted in a tooling company. The result is a procedure to generate a systematic approach, a roadmap, towards Industry 4.0. To achieve the redesign of toolmaker's workplace, the authors combined the AS-IS state analysis and use Toolbox Industry 4.0. The effects of a redesigned process manifest in reduced laborious, repetitive manual work, errors, and toolmaker workload.

ACS Style

Ivana Radić; Bojan Rupnik; Simona Šinko; Tomaž Kramberger; Brigita Gajšek. Redesign of the Workplace for Toolmakers Towards Industry 4.0. Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0 2021, 1333 -1352.

AMA Style

Ivana Radić, Bojan Rupnik, Simona Šinko, Tomaž Kramberger, Brigita Gajšek. Redesign of the Workplace for Toolmakers Towards Industry 4.0. Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0. 2021; ():1333-1352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ivana Radić; Bojan Rupnik; Simona Šinko; Tomaž Kramberger; Brigita Gajšek. 2021. "Redesign of the Workplace for Toolmakers Towards Industry 4.0." Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0 , no. : 1333-1352.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Sustainability
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The realisation of the ideas of smart factories and sustainable manufacturing can be quickly realised in companies where industrial production is high-volume, low-mix. However, it is more difficult to follow trends toward industry 4.0 in craft industries such as tooling. This kind of work environment is a challenge for the deployment of sustainability and smart technologies because many stages involve the so-called “manual processing according to the worker’s feeling and experience.” With the help of literature review and testing in the production environment, we approach the design of a procedure for planning a sustainable technological upgrade of craft production. The best method proved to be a combination of a maturity model, process mapping with flowcharts, critical analysis, and customised evaluation model. Workplace flexibility, as a move towards sustainability, is presented in a laboratory environment on screwing performed by human wearing HoloLens and collaborative robot.

ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Saša Stradovnik; Aleš Hace. Sustainable Move towards Flexible, Robotic, Human-Involving Workplace. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6590 .

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Saša Stradovnik, Aleš Hace. Sustainable Move towards Flexible, Robotic, Human-Involving Workplace. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Saša Stradovnik; Aleš Hace. 2020. "Sustainable Move towards Flexible, Robotic, Human-Involving Workplace." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6590.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Logistics & Sustainable Transport
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Vision picking empowers users with access to real-time digital order information, while freeing them from handheld radio frequency devices. The smart glasses, as an example of vision picking enabler, provide visual and voice cues to guide order pickers. The glasses mostly also have installed navigation features that can sense the order picker’s position in the warehouse. This paper explores picking errors in vision systems with literature review and experimental work in laboratory environment. The results show the effectiveness of applying vision picking systems for the purposes of active error prevention, when they are compared to established methods, such as paper-picking and using cart mounted displays. A serious competitor to vision picking systems are pick-to-light systems. The strong advantage of vision picking system is that most of the errors are detected early in the process and not at the customer’s site. The cost of fixing the error is thus minimal. Most errors consequently directly influence order picker’s productivity in negative sense. Nonetheless, the distinctive feature of the system is extremely efficient error detection.

ACS Style

Ela Vidovič; Brigita Gajšek. Analysing picking errors in vision picking systems. Logistics & Sustainable Transport 2020, 11, 90 -100.

AMA Style

Ela Vidovič, Brigita Gajšek. Analysing picking errors in vision picking systems. Logistics & Sustainable Transport. 2020; 11 (1):90-100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ela Vidovič; Brigita Gajšek. 2020. "Analysing picking errors in vision picking systems." Logistics & Sustainable Transport 11, no. 1: 90-100.

Chapter
Published: 01 December 2019 in Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People
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The concept of sustainable development is gaining attention in all spheres of our life. Especially in production environments, it is important to reduce environmental impact and improve working conditions while still increasing economic value. This comprehensive effort roughly describes sustainability that we address on the example of manual order picking system, which is a part of many production systems. These systems have the potential to introduce new technologies, which require a judgment on the sustainability of the action, through the perspective of sustainability. One of the technologies with a great potential for use in order picking process are smart glasses, which integrates the core functionality of a smartphone in a pair of glasses. They are classified as a head-mounted device. As such, they are among the modern technical widgets with great expectations about their usable value in framework of Industry 4.0. Until now, only some practical examples in industry are described in literature. Order picking “man-to-goods” workplaces are an example of working environments where humans are still central actors and determine their effectiveness and efficiency (Gajšek et al., Proceedings of MOTSP international conference, Zagreb. Croatian Association for PLM, 2017a; Gajšek et al., Organizacja i Zarządzanie 72:45–61, 2017b). Full automation still will not be rational in the near future. Order picking activities are labor-intensive and time consuming. Smart glasses could be one of the means to improve working conditions and human-friendly rise in productivity. When working in a warehouse as order picker, having both free hands and information displayed in natural vision field is a progress in ergonomics and can help increase picking performance. In parallel, order pickers can be easily supported by any distant expert from any wired location, alerted to environmental hazards, acquainted with the achievement of a personal plan and more. Smart glasses could completely take over a function of a central personal information source. New questions arise with inflating expectations and expansion of their use in practice, such as the impact of long-term use on employee’s vision characteristics, the impact of different user interfaces, the employee’s perception of the long-term use of the device, and other. In the chapter, we review scientific literature on use of smart glasses in manual order picking system and contribute to finding answers to the above questions by performing an experiment in a laboratory environment with realistic equipment.

ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Nataša Vujica Herzog. Smart Glasses in Sustainable Manual Order Picking Systems. Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People 2019, 219 -241.

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Nataša Vujica Herzog. Smart Glasses in Sustainable Manual Order Picking Systems. Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People. 2019; ():219-241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Nataša Vujica Herzog. 2019. "Smart Glasses in Sustainable Manual Order Picking Systems." Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People , no. : 219-241.

Chapter
Published: 22 August 2019 in Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People
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Supply Chain Integration describes how employees in a specific company along a supply chain and its trading partners work together to achieve common business objectives via integrated business processes and information sharing. In this way, material and information flows are established. Due to the competitiveness between supply chains and the trend to be more efficient and sustainable, we distinguish several phases of supply chain integration, from the oral negotiation and repetition of the same activities to automation and reduction in the number of activities. Recently, much attention has been paid to the concept of Industry 4.0, which is based on computerisation and connectivity. Digitalisation is recognised as a springboard for visibility, transparency, predictive capacity and adaptability or, in other words, for Industry 4.0, which inherently requires technological development. Information systems, as an example of technology, are an enabler for increased sustainability and greener supply chains. Currently, companies are at different stages of technology development, and the establishment of external integration depends on the digital development of each element of the supply chain. The current situation in companies reveals different degrees of maturity, both from the aspect of supply chain integration and from the aspect of Industry 4.0. In this paper, we reveal possible overlapping areas between different maturity phases of supply chain integration and the Industry 4.0 concept, as well as how different combinations of maturity levels characterise information flow.

ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Marjan Sternad. Information Flow in the Context of the Green Concept, Industry 4.0, and Supply Chain Integration. Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People 2019, 297 -323.

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Marjan Sternad. Information Flow in the Context of the Green Concept, Industry 4.0, and Supply Chain Integration. Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People. 2019; ():297-323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Marjan Sternad. 2019. "Information Flow in the Context of the Green Concept, Industry 4.0, and Supply Chain Integration." Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People , no. : 297-323.

Proceedings article
Published: 18 March 2019 in 38. mednarodna konferenca o razvoju organizacijskih znanosti: Ekosistem organizacij v dobi digitalizacije: konferenčni zbornik
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ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Jure Kovač; Polona Šprajc; Iztok Podbregar; Damjan Maletič; Mirjana Radovanović. Značilnosti agilne organizacije. 38. mednarodna konferenca o razvoju organizacijskih znanosti: Ekosistem organizacij v dobi digitalizacije: konferenčni zbornik 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Jure Kovač, Polona Šprajc, Iztok Podbregar, Damjan Maletič, Mirjana Radovanović. Značilnosti agilne organizacije. 38. mednarodna konferenca o razvoju organizacijskih znanosti: Ekosistem organizacij v dobi digitalizacije: konferenčni zbornik. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Jure Kovač; Polona Šprajc; Iztok Podbregar; Damjan Maletič; Mirjana Radovanović. 2019. "Značilnosti agilne organizacije." 38. mednarodna konferenca o razvoju organizacijskih znanosti: Ekosistem organizacij v dobi digitalizacije: konferenčni zbornik , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2019 in DOKBAT 2019 - 15th International Bata Conference for Ph.D. Students and Young Researchers
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ACS Style

Tadej Gračner; Luka Herman; Brigita Gajšek. POTENTIAL OF IMPLEMENTING SMART GLASSES IN A BRICK AND MORTAR SHOP ENVIRONMENT. DOKBAT 2019 - 15th International Bata Conference for Ph.D. Students and Young Researchers 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Tadej Gračner, Luka Herman, Brigita Gajšek. POTENTIAL OF IMPLEMENTING SMART GLASSES IN A BRICK AND MORTAR SHOP ENVIRONMENT. DOKBAT 2019 - 15th International Bata Conference for Ph.D. Students and Young Researchers. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tadej Gračner; Luka Herman; Brigita Gajšek. 2019. "POTENTIAL OF IMPLEMENTING SMART GLASSES IN A BRICK AND MORTAR SHOP ENVIRONMENT." DOKBAT 2019 - 15th International Bata Conference for Ph.D. Students and Young Researchers , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2018 in Organizacija in negotovosti v digitalni dobi / Organization and uncertainty in the digital age
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ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Fakulteta Za Logistiko Univerza V Mariboru; Jure Kovač; Olja Arsenijevic; Iztok Podbregar; Polona Šprajc; Dragan Trivan; Yvonne Ziegler. Projektni management v času digitalizacije. Organizacija in negotovosti v digitalni dobi / Organization and uncertainty in the digital age 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Fakulteta Za Logistiko Univerza V Mariboru, Jure Kovač, Olja Arsenijevic, Iztok Podbregar, Polona Šprajc, Dragan Trivan, Yvonne Ziegler. Projektni management v času digitalizacije. Organizacija in negotovosti v digitalni dobi / Organization and uncertainty in the digital age. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Fakulteta Za Logistiko Univerza V Mariboru; Jure Kovač; Olja Arsenijevic; Iztok Podbregar; Polona Šprajc; Dragan Trivan; Yvonne Ziegler. 2018. "Projektni management v času digitalizacije." Organizacija in negotovosti v digitalni dobi / Organization and uncertainty in the digital age , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Logistics & Sustainable Transport
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Successful companies are continually striving to streamline costs and optimize processes, enabling them to grow progress, develop and ensure competitiveness on the market. A large part of the costs arises in warehouses, where up to 55% of total costs are generated by order-picking, which makes it important and interesting in terms of research. The paper explores “picker to part” order-picking concept, which enables flexible work and is the optimal choice for most companies. The concept is associated with a high level of work-related injuries and work-related illnesses. Work requires physical efforts resulting from handling heavy goods, performing repetitive movements and using manipulative means. Human as the main actor of the concept affects the costs caused by picking and the quality of work done, which depends on technological support, physically and psychologically capable and motivated people. Due to the high costs of service, the focus on time planning and productivity increases. Contrary, the lack of attention is paid to the working conditions and the health status of the pickers. To overcome this gab, a review of scientific and professional literature on ergonomic principles in picking concept »picker to part« was carried out, followed by a quantitative survey of ergonomic properties in warehousing activities. Results revealed that more than 60% of the surveyed order-pickers associate problems with health with the characteristics of work, about 24% of them associate health problems with the use of a particular means of transport, and all agree that provided measures to reduce physical effort and greater support of technologies influence on increased speed of work and better health status of order-pickers.

ACS Style

Nina Labus; Brigita Gajšek. Use of ergonomic principles in manual order picking systems. Logistics & Sustainable Transport 2018, 9, 11 -22.

AMA Style

Nina Labus, Brigita Gajšek. Use of ergonomic principles in manual order picking systems. Logistics & Sustainable Transport. 2018; 9 (1):11-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nina Labus; Brigita Gajšek. 2018. "Use of ergonomic principles in manual order picking systems." Logistics & Sustainable Transport 9, no. 1: 11-22.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in orga
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Background and Purpose: Regional sustainable economic growth on logistics bases requires the coordinated development of infrastructure, information and communications technology, and proactive education of logistics specialists. The goal is reachable with regional logistics platforms (RLPs). This current research develops a theoretical model for RLPs, consisting of (1) basic constituents, (2) an implementation area, and (3) stakeholders' and operational benefits. Design/Methodology/Approach: We employed a balanced qualitative and quantitative approach using multiple case study and survey methods. Results: Systematic case study research has identified 12 “most frequently” highlighted RLP constituents and 3 areas of implementation, which were further proven by a survey. RLP's beginnings may be spontaneous until a critical mass of interested stakeholders emerges with a clear vision and start-up energy for a breakthrough. A theoretical model for RLPs is proposed. Conclusion: The secret of a successfully developing a logistics region lies in its ability to develop a mechanism for the managing and coordinating a particular logistics system's development and operation, an area that should be further researched. This study's findings provide valuable insights into the many aspects of RLPs, which can be useful for regional authorities and business owners who are eager to stimulate regional economic growth.

ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Jure Kovač; Benjamin T. Hazen. An Organizational Framework for Logistic Platform and its Subtypes in a Search for More Logistically Attractive Regions. orga 2018, 51, 20 -34.

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Jure Kovač, Benjamin T. Hazen. An Organizational Framework for Logistic Platform and its Subtypes in a Search for More Logistically Attractive Regions. orga. 2018; 51 (1):20-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Jure Kovač; Benjamin T. Hazen. 2018. "An Organizational Framework for Logistic Platform and its Subtypes in a Search for More Logistically Attractive Regions." orga 51, no. 1: 20-34.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in orga
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Background and Purpose: Companies are increasingly specializing and developing those key areas with which they can compete on the global market and are linking in clusters that are ingredient of territorial competitiveness. Clusters can play a competitive role in global value chains but once being successful, they may decline. For this reason, researching key factors for the successful operation of clusters in Slovenia is beneficial. Methodology: This study is based on an extensive review of scientific literature. Theoretical findings are tested by a study of clustering in Slovenia. In practice, we determine the number of operating clusters fifteen years after they were initiated by the institutional environment with help of web pages, e-mails and telephone calls. Using interviews, we determine reasons for the cessation of operations on the part of former directors and factors of successful operations with directors of successful clusters. Results: The institutional environment initiated start-up processes of creating clusters in Slovenia. After the termination of institutional financial support, Slovenian clusters, which have failed to develop their own financing system, ceased operation. Directors of still operating clusters confirmed that trust between cluster members is the most important success factor in the operation of clusters. Conclusion: The institutional environment in Slovenia adopted cluster policy and successfully leveraged the establishment of clusters using start-up financing. Less than half of these clusters continue to prosper under their own stream after policy retreatment. Clusters were not prepared for a dramatically different way of working. Trust has become a major driving force of adjusting to new conditions.

ACS Style

Brigita Gajšek; Jure Kovač. Key Factors for the Successful Operation of Clusters: The Case for Slovenia. orga 2016, 49, 150 -160.

AMA Style

Brigita Gajšek, Jure Kovač. Key Factors for the Successful Operation of Clusters: The Case for Slovenia. orga. 2016; 49 (2):150-160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigita Gajšek; Jure Kovač. 2016. "Key Factors for the Successful Operation of Clusters: The Case for Slovenia." orga 49, no. 2: 150-160.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2014 in Dynamic Relationships Management Journal
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ACS Style

Jure Kovač; Brigita Gajšek. Contemporary Network Organisations in Slovenia. Dynamic Relationships Management Journal 2014, 3, 3 -20.

AMA Style

Jure Kovač, Brigita Gajšek. Contemporary Network Organisations in Slovenia. Dynamic Relationships Management Journal. 2014; 3 (2):3-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jure Kovač; Brigita Gajšek. 2014. "Contemporary Network Organisations in Slovenia." Dynamic Relationships Management Journal 3, no. 2: 3-20.