This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
One of the most critical variables in the field of thermal comfort measurements is the mean radiant temperature which is typically measured with a standard 150 mm black globe thermometer. This is also the reference instrument required for the assessment of heat stress conditions by means of the well-known Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index (WBGT). However, one of the limitations of this method is represented by the relatively long response time. This is why in recent years there has been a more and more pressing need of smart sensors for controlling Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, and for pocket heat stress meters (e.g., WBGT meters provided with table tennis balls). Although it is widely agreed that there is a clear advantage of small probes in terms of response times, their accuracy is a still a debated matter and no systematic studies aimed at metrologically characterizing their performances are actually available, due to the difficulty of reproducing measuring conditions such as a black enclosure at uniform temperature. In this paper the results of a metrological analysis of two small globes (38 and 50 mm diameter) carried out by means of an experimental apparatus specifically designed to reproduce a black uniform enclosure are presented and discussed. Experimental results revealed a systematic underestimation of the mean radiant temperature predicted by small globes of more than 10 °C in forced convection and at high radiative loads.
Francesca D’Ambrosio Alfano; Giorgio Ficco; Andrea Frattolillo; Boris Palella; Giuseppe Riccio. Mean Radiant Temperature Measurements through Small Black Globes under Forced Convection Conditions. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 621 .
AMA StyleFrancesca D’Ambrosio Alfano, Giorgio Ficco, Andrea Frattolillo, Boris Palella, Giuseppe Riccio. Mean Radiant Temperature Measurements through Small Black Globes under Forced Convection Conditions. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (5):621.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca D’Ambrosio Alfano; Giorgio Ficco; Andrea Frattolillo; Boris Palella; Giuseppe Riccio. 2021. "Mean Radiant Temperature Measurements through Small Black Globes under Forced Convection Conditions." Atmosphere 12, no. 5: 621.
Power to gas (PtG) is an emerging technology that allows to overcome the issues due to the increasingly widespread use of intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES). Via water electrolysis, power surplus on the electric grid is converted into hydrogen or into synthetic natural gas (SNG) that can be directly injected in the natural gas network for long-term energy storage. The core units of the Power to synthetic natural gas (PtSNG) plant are the electrolyzer and the methanation reactors where the renewable electrolytic hydrogen is converted to synthetic natural gas by adding carbon dioxide. A technical issue of the PtSNG plant is the different dynamics of the electrolysis unit and the methanation unit. The use of a hydrogen storage system can help to decouple these two subsystems and to manage the methanation unit for assuring long operation time and reducing the number of shutdowns. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the energy storage potential and the technical feasibility of the PtSNG concept to store intermittent renewable sources. Therefore, different plant sizes (1, 3, and 6 MW) have been defined and investigated by varying the ratio between the renewable electric energy sent to the plant and the total electric energy generated by the renewable energy source (RES) facility based on a 12 MW wind farm. The analysis has been carried out by developing a thermochemical and electrochemical model and a dynamic model. The first allows to predict the plant performance in steady state. The second allows to forecast the annual performance and the operation time of the plant by implementing the control strategy of the storage unit. The annual overall efficiencies are in the range of 42–44% low heating value (LHV basis). The plant load factor, i.e., the ratio between the annual chemical energy of the produced SNG and the plant capacity, results equal to 60.0%, 46.5%, and 35.4% for 1, 3, and 6 MW PtSNG sizes, respectively.
Alessandra Perna; Linda Moretti; Giorgio Ficco; Giuseppe Spazzafumo; Laura Canale; Marco Dell’Isola. SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8443 .
AMA StyleAlessandra Perna, Linda Moretti, Giorgio Ficco, Giuseppe Spazzafumo, Laura Canale, Marco Dell’Isola. SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (23):8443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandra Perna; Linda Moretti; Giorgio Ficco; Giuseppe Spazzafumo; Laura Canale; Marco Dell’Isola. 2020. "SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8443.
Development of technologies, materials, support systems, and coatings has made the integration of solar thermal systems into the building envelope increasingly possible. Solar thermal collectors can either be directly integrated, substituting conventional roof or façade covering materials, or constitute independent devices added to a roof or façade structure. Aimed at estimating the real effectiveness of building-integrated solar systems for domestic heat water (DHW) production or for heating integration, when horizontal or inclined pitches on buildings are not applicable, the authors analyze a case study with different scenarios, taking into account the issues connected to a highly urbanized context in the Mediterranean climate. A GIS model was used for estimating the energy balance, while the real producibility of the simulated systems was calculated by a dynamic hourly simulation model, realized according to ISO 52016. The savings in terms of primary energy needs obtained by installing solar thermal systems on the facade are presented, and the differences between the cases in which the system is used for DHW production only and for space heating too are distinguished and discussed. The evaluated potential is quantified in the absence of roof collectors, despite their high potential in the Mediterranean region, in order to better appreciate the effects induced by integrated facade systems.
Andrea Frattolillo; Laura Canale; Giorgio Ficco; Costantino C. Mastino; Marco Dell’Isola. Potential for Building Façade-Integrated Solar Thermal Collectors in a Highly Urbanized Context. Energies 2020, 13, 5801 .
AMA StyleAndrea Frattolillo, Laura Canale, Giorgio Ficco, Costantino C. Mastino, Marco Dell’Isola. Potential for Building Façade-Integrated Solar Thermal Collectors in a Highly Urbanized Context. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Frattolillo; Laura Canale; Giorgio Ficco; Costantino C. Mastino; Marco Dell’Isola. 2020. "Potential for Building Façade-Integrated Solar Thermal Collectors in a Highly Urbanized Context." Energies 13, no. 21: 5801.
The measurement of heat consumption in buildings through thermal energy meters presents numerous metrological issues due, for example, to the installation and operational conditions (e.g. presence of plant constraints, low flow rates, low temperature differences between flow and return) leading often to unacceptable measurement errors and uncertainties. Therefore, in several EU countries, to guarantee consumer protection it is mandatory to carry out periodic inspection both in the laboratory and in the field to assess their accuracy, while in service. In this work, the authors present the results of experimental campaigns aimed at analysing the key metrological concerns for clamp-on master meters during in-field verification of thermal energy meters. The results showed that particular care should be paid to the meter configuration and installation of the transducer and that legal metrology statutes in terms of permissible error and uncertainty for fielded meters are often very difficult to comply with.
G. Ficco; A. Frattolillo; A. Malengo; G. Puglisi; F. Saba; Fabrizio Zuena. Field verification of thermal energy meters through ultrasonic clamp-on master meters. Measurement 2019, 151, 107152 .
AMA StyleG. Ficco, A. Frattolillo, A. Malengo, G. Puglisi, F. Saba, Fabrizio Zuena. Field verification of thermal energy meters through ultrasonic clamp-on master meters. Measurement. 2019; 151 ():107152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Ficco; A. Frattolillo; A. Malengo; G. Puglisi; F. Saba; Fabrizio Zuena. 2019. "Field verification of thermal energy meters through ultrasonic clamp-on master meters." Measurement 151, no. : 107152.