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Pei-Chi Shao
Department of Aviation & Maritime Transportation Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711301, Taiwan

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Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Aerospace
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Resulting from a mature accomplishment of the unmanned aircraft system (UAS), it is feasible to be adopted into logistic delivery services. The supporting technologies should be identified and examined, accompanying with the risk assessment. This paper surveys the risk assessment studies for UAVs. The expected level of safety (ELS) analysis is a key factor to safety concerns. By introducing the UTM infrastructure, the UAS implementation can be monitored. From the NASA technical capability level (TCL), UAV in beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) flights would need certain verifications. Two UAS logistic delivery case studies are tested to assert the UAS services. To examine the ELS to ground risk and air risk, the case studies result in acceptable data to support the UAS logistic delivery with adequate path planning in the remote and suburban areas in Taiwan.

ACS Style

Pei-Chi Shao. Risk Assessment for UAS Logistic Delivery under UAS Traffic Management Environment. Aerospace 2020, 7, 140 .

AMA Style

Pei-Chi Shao. Risk Assessment for UAS Logistic Delivery under UAS Traffic Management Environment. Aerospace. 2020; 7 (10):140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pei-Chi Shao. 2020. "Risk Assessment for UAS Logistic Delivery under UAS Traffic Management Environment." Aerospace 7, no. 10: 140.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Aerospace
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The hierarchical unmanned aerial systems (UAS) traffic management (UTM) is proposed for UAS operation in Taiwan. The proposed UTM is constructed using the similar concept of ATM from the transport category aviation system. Based on the airspace being divided by 400 feet of altitude, the RUTM (regional UTM) is managed by the local government and the NUTM (national UTM) by the Civil Aeronautical Administration (CAA). Under construction of the UTM system infrastructure, this trial tests examine the effectiveness of UAV surveillance under 400 feet using automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B)-like on-board units (OBU). The ground transceiver station (GTS) is designed with the adoptable systems. In these implementation tests, five long-range wide area network (LoRa) gateways and one automatic packet reporting system (APRS) I-Gate are deployed to cover the Tainan Metropolitan area. The data rates are set in different systems from 8 to 12 s to prevent from data conflict or congestion. The signal coverage, time delay, data distribution, and data variance in communication are recorded and analyzed for RUTM operation. Data streaming and Internet manipulation are verified with cloud system stability and availability. Simple operational procedures are defined with priority for detect and avoid (DAA) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Mobile communication and Zello broadcasts are introduced and applied to establish controller-to-pilot communication (CPC) for DAA. The UAV flight tests are generally beyond visual line-of-sight (BVLOS) near suburban areas with flight distances to 8 km. On the GTS deployment, six test locations examine communication coverage and effectiveness using ADS-B like OBUs. In system verification, the proposed ADS-B like OBU works well in the UTM infrastructure. The system feasibility is proven with support of receiving data analysis and transceiver efficiency. The trial test supports RUTM in Taiwan for UAV operations.

ACS Style

Chin E. Lin; Pei-Chi Shao; Yu-Yuan Lin. System Operation of Regional UTM in Taiwan. Aerospace 2020, 7, 65 .

AMA Style

Chin E. Lin, Pei-Chi Shao, Yu-Yuan Lin. System Operation of Regional UTM in Taiwan. Aerospace. 2020; 7 (5):65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chin E. Lin; Pei-Chi Shao; Yu-Yuan Lin. 2020. "System Operation of Regional UTM in Taiwan." Aerospace 7, no. 5: 65.

Conference paper
Published: 01 April 2020 in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will soon be legally flying into airspace in Taiwan and many countries. UAS traffic management (UTM) becomes an important issue to challenge aviation safety. A hierarchical UTM is proposed and constructed based on the concept of Air Traffic Management (ATM) for the manned aviation system. The proposed Regional UTM (RUTM) and National UTM (NUTM) are hierarchical infrastructure to offers traffic management services for all legal UAV flights in Taipei Flight Information Region (TPE FIR) under and over 400 feet. The proposed UTM provides UAV/pilot log-in/out, flight planning, geo-fencing, detect and avoid (DAA), logbook records, big data analysis, ground control redundant support and controller-pilot communication on multi-window monitor system. UTM data are encrypted to prevent hijacking threat to low altitude UAVs. The UTM adopts ADS-B Like communication infrastructure to offer affordable cost for all UAVs with high reliable surveillance data reporting. The ADS-B Like surveillance mechanism includes 4G/LTE, LoRa, APRS and XBee. Their gateway deployment is designed and constructed with supports of Chung Hua Telecommunication (CHT) in urban and suburban areas. While those remote areas, such as mountain and deep forest, the National Forest Bureau workstation will be selected. The ADS-B Like communication will cover full airspace in Taiwan. Surveillance data reliability, continuity, integrity and availability will be examined by flight tests. The proposed Hierarchical UTM will launch trial runs in Tainan County of RUTM operation to verify the proposed concept, system performance and general operation into the national "UAS Innovative Experiment Project".

ACS Style

Chin E. Lin; P. C. Shao. Development of Hierarchical UAS Traffic Management (UTM) in Taiwan. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020, 1509, 1 .

AMA Style

Chin E. Lin, P. C. Shao. Development of Hierarchical UAS Traffic Management (UTM) in Taiwan. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020; 1509 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chin E. Lin; P. C. Shao. 2020. "Development of Hierarchical UAS Traffic Management (UTM) in Taiwan." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1509, no. : 1.