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Dr. Bharat Balagopal
North Carolina State University

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Battery Cell
0 Battery degradation
0 Battery Electric Vehicle
0 battery application
0 Battery Energy Storage System

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Short Biography

Bharat Balagopal received his Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering from Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India, in 2010. He completed his Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from North Carolina State University, USA, in 2014. He was awarded his Ph.D degree in Electrical Engineering from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at North Carolina State University in 2019. He is currently a Post Doctoral Research Scholar in the ECE Department at North Carolina State University. Balagopal is also a member of the Advanced Diagnosis, Automation and Control (ADAC) lab at NC State. He has been a student member of the IEEE since 2007 and is the Chapter Chair of the Industrial Electronics Society in the Eastern North Carolina Section. Balagopal is currently the Vice-Chair for the Energy Storage Technical Committee in the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. He is also a Guest Editor for the Journal of Emerging and Special Topics in Industrial Electronics (JESTIE). Balagopal is also a member of the reviewer board of the MDPI Batteries Journal since 2020. He is a recipient of the IEEE IES/TEMS Under 35 Innovators award for his work on the Smart Battery Gauge.

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Journal article
Published: 31 October 2020 in Batteries
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Batteries as a multi-disciplinary field have been analyzed from the electrical, material science and electrochemical engineering perspectives. The first principle-based four-dimensional degradation model (4DM) of the battery is used in the article to connect the interdisciplinary sciences that deal with batteries. The 4DM is utilized to identify the physical manifestation that electrolyte degradation has on the battery and the response observed in the terminal voltage. This paper relates the different kinds of side reactions in the electrolyte and the material properties affected due to these side reactions. It goes on to explain the impact the material property changes has on the electrochemical reactions in the battery. This paper discusses how these electrochemical reactions affect the voltage across the terminals of the battery. We determine the relationship the change in the terminal voltage has due to the change in the design properties of the electrolyte. We also determine the impact the changes in the electrolyte material property have on the terminal voltage. In this paper, the lithium ion concentration and the transference number of the electrolyte are analyzed and the impact of their degradation is studied.

ACS Style

Bharat Balagopal; Mo-Yuen Chow. The Physical Manifestation of Side Reactions in the Electrolyte of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Impact on the Terminal Voltage Response. Batteries 2020, 6, 53 .

AMA Style

Bharat Balagopal, Mo-Yuen Chow. The Physical Manifestation of Side Reactions in the Electrolyte of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Impact on the Terminal Voltage Response. Batteries. 2020; 6 (4):53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bharat Balagopal; Mo-Yuen Chow. 2020. "The Physical Manifestation of Side Reactions in the Electrolyte of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Impact on the Terminal Voltage Response." Batteries 6, no. 4: 53.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2019 in IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
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The State of Health (SOH) of the battery is often represented either using the decrease in the capacity of the battery or the increase in the internal resistance of the battery. While these indices are commonly used, they do not provide any insight on the reasons for the degradation of the health of the battery. Understanding battery aging and the impact it has on the working/performance of the battery is required to determine the State of Function (SOF) of the battery for that particular application. The SOF of the battery can provide information on the current applicability of the battery to the application. The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the battery is also highly dependent on the current and past operating conditions. Determining the reason behind the degradation and the impact on the health can also help determine the RUL or provide feedback to the user on alternate usage patterns to prolong the RUL. This paper uses a first principle based degradation model to determine the sensitivity of the terminal voltage and capacity of the battery to the degradation of the concentration of lithium ions in the anode/negative electrode.

ACS Style

Bharat Balagopal; Cong Sheng Huang; Mo-Yuen Chow. Sensitivity Analysis of Lithium Ion Battery Parameters to Degradation of Anode Lithium Ion Concentration. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2019, 1, 4543 -4548.

AMA Style

Bharat Balagopal, Cong Sheng Huang, Mo-Yuen Chow. Sensitivity Analysis of Lithium Ion Battery Parameters to Degradation of Anode Lithium Ion Concentration. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2019; 1 ():4543-4548.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bharat Balagopal; Cong Sheng Huang; Mo-Yuen Chow. 2019. "Sensitivity Analysis of Lithium Ion Battery Parameters to Degradation of Anode Lithium Ion Concentration." IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 1, no. : 4543-4548.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2019 in IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine
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Presents information in IES Distinguished Lecturer Series.

ACS Style

Bharat Balagopal; Eric Monmasson. Prof. Mo-Yuen Chow Presented Distinguished Lectures in North Carolina [Society News]. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 2019, 13, 71 -71.

AMA Style

Bharat Balagopal, Eric Monmasson. Prof. Mo-Yuen Chow Presented Distinguished Lectures in North Carolina [Society News]. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 2019; 13 (2):71-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bharat Balagopal; Eric Monmasson. 2019. "Prof. Mo-Yuen Chow Presented Distinguished Lectures in North Carolina [Society News]." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 13, no. 2: 71-71.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2018 in IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
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Lithium-ion batteries are becoming the main energy storage in electric vehicles and electric grids. To elevate the battery capacity and the voltage supply, the battery cells are stacked to form a battery pack. The state-of charge (SOC) of the battery pack requires continuous monitoring for the operation safety. The current developed SOC estimation algorithms shows decent estimation accuracy but they are designed for individual cells. These algorithms stay in the battery cell level because they cannot capture the cell-to-cell difference which exists after manufactured. This paper proposed a battery pack SOC Co-Estimation algorithm based on the estimated battery cell SOC. The proposed battery pack SOC Co-Estimation algorithm can accurately estimates the SOC of a battery pack with three serial connected battery cells but without cell balancing. This algorithm also has the potential to reduce the computation effort on the battery management system (BMS) because it does not need to monitor every single cell in the battery pack.

ACS Style

Cong-Sheng Huang; Bharat Balagopal; Mo-Yuen Chow. Estimating Battery Pack SOC Using A Cell-to-Pack Gain Updating Algorithm. IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2018, 1807 -1812.

AMA Style

Cong-Sheng Huang, Bharat Balagopal, Mo-Yuen Chow. Estimating Battery Pack SOC Using A Cell-to-Pack Gain Updating Algorithm. IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2018; ():1807-1812.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cong-Sheng Huang; Bharat Balagopal; Mo-Yuen Chow. 2018. "Estimating Battery Pack SOC Using A Cell-to-Pack Gain Updating Algorithm." IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , no. : 1807-1812.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2018 in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems (IESES)
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This paper discusses the effect of calendar aging on the growth rate of SEI. It discusses the reasons for the growth of SEI and the implementation of SEI growth in the 3D First Principle Based Degradation Model (3DM) of the battery. The growth of SEI is simulated over a period of 3 years and the impact it has over the terminal voltage and current generated by the battery are plotted and discussed. The results are then applied to the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) of the battery to study and identify the impacts that calendar aging and SEI growth has on the parameters of the circuit. The increase in the internal resistance and the decrease in the capacity are also discussed.

ACS Style

Bharat Balagopal; Cong Sheng Huang; Mo-Yuen Chow. Effect of calendar ageing on SEI growth and its impact on electrical circuit model parameters in Lithium ion batteries. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems (IESES) 2018, 32 -37.

AMA Style

Bharat Balagopal, Cong Sheng Huang, Mo-Yuen Chow. Effect of calendar ageing on SEI growth and its impact on electrical circuit model parameters in Lithium ion batteries. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems (IESES). 2018; ():32-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bharat Balagopal; Cong Sheng Huang; Mo-Yuen Chow. 2018. "Effect of calendar ageing on SEI growth and its impact on electrical circuit model parameters in Lithium ion batteries." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems (IESES) , no. : 32-37.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2017 in IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
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This paper discusses the impact of calendar ageing on the anode and the concentration of lithium ions in the anode structure. It discusses the modeling of the calendar ageing, its implementation in the 3D First Principle Based Degradation Model (3DM) of the battery and the results that were observed as a result of calendar ageing over a period of 4-6 years. The paper also relates these physical degradation phenomena with the impact that they have on the parameters of the Equivalent Circuit Model of the battery. The paper uses the capacity degradation and the increase in the internal resistance of the battery to showcase the impact of calendar ageing on the State of Health of the battery.

ACS Style

Bharat Balagopal; Cong Sheng Huang; Mo-Yuen Chow. Effect of calendar aging on li ion battery degradation and SOH. IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2017, 7647 -7652.

AMA Style

Bharat Balagopal, Cong Sheng Huang, Mo-Yuen Chow. Effect of calendar aging on li ion battery degradation and SOH. IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2017; ():7647-7652.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bharat Balagopal; Cong Sheng Huang; Mo-Yuen Chow. 2017. "Effect of calendar aging on li ion battery degradation and SOH." IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , no. : 7647-7652.

Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2015 in 2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)
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This paper discusses the commonly used techniques to estimate the state of health (SOH) and state of function (SOF) of lithium ion batteries and their limitations. Factors affecting the health and SOF of the battery are discussed in this paper. The SOH of the battery is mainly represented by the capacity degradation and the increase in the internal resistance. The other indices that could represent the battery's health are also briefly discussed. The different techniques that are used to estimate the capacity and internal resistance of the battery are discussed along with their limitations. The concept of SOF and its relationship with SOC, SOH and temperature are discussed along with the commonly used techniques to estimate the SOF of the battery. This paper also discusses the limitations in the definition and estimation of the SOF.

ACS Style

Bharat Balagopal; Mo-Yuen Chow. The state of the art approaches to estimate the state of health (SOH) and state of function (SOF) of lithium Ion batteries. 2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) 2015, 1302 -1307.

AMA Style

Bharat Balagopal, Mo-Yuen Chow. The state of the art approaches to estimate the state of health (SOH) and state of function (SOF) of lithium Ion batteries. 2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). 2015; ():1302-1307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bharat Balagopal; Mo-Yuen Chow. 2015. "The state of the art approaches to estimate the state of health (SOH) and state of function (SOF) of lithium Ion batteries." 2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) , no. : 1302-1307.