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Hao-Yu Shih
School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Australia

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Psychology
Published: 14 April 2021 in Frontiers in Psychology
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Human personality influences the way people interact with dogs. This study investigated the associations between the personality of animal shelter volunteers and behavior during on-leash walks with shelter dogs. Video recording and a canine leash tension meter were used to monitor the on-leash walking. Personality was measured in five dimensions (neurotic, extroverted, open, agreeable and conscientious) with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Neurotic volunteers pulled the leash harder and tended to interact with dogs using more body language; dogs being walked by neurotic volunteers in turn displayed more lip-licking and body shaking and were more likely to be rated as well-behaved. Extroverted volunteers were associated with stronger maximal leash tension at both the human and dog ends of the leash, and they praised the dog more, often in a high pitched voice. These volunteers eliciting more tail-wagging and body shaking by the dog. Extroverted volunteers were also more tolerant of different dog behaviors. Volunteers with personalities characterized by “openness to experiences” were less likely to verbally attract the attention of dogs, praise dogs and talk to them in a high-pitched voice; however, dogs walked by these volunteers were more likely to pull on the leash, and engaged in more lip-licking but less sniffing. “Agreeable” volunteers liked to verbally attract the attention of the dogs and more commonly initiated hand gestures and physical contact, causing the dogs to pull less frequently; dogs in these dyads displayed more gazing and lip-licking behaviors. Conscientious volunteers were less likely to pull the leash and tended to have more physical contact with the dogs but did not favor verbal communication and did not use a high pitched voice.

ACS Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Fillipe Georgiou; Leander Mitchell; Nancy A. Pachana; Clive J. C. Phillips. Two Ends of the Leash: Relations Between Personality of Shelter Volunteers and On-leash Walking Behavior With Shelter Dogs. Frontiers in Psychology 2021, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Hao-Yu Shih, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Fillipe Georgiou, Leander Mitchell, Nancy A. Pachana, Clive J. C. Phillips. Two Ends of the Leash: Relations Between Personality of Shelter Volunteers and On-leash Walking Behavior With Shelter Dogs. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021; 12 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Fillipe Georgiou; Leander Mitchell; Nancy A. Pachana; Clive J. C. Phillips. 2021. "Two Ends of the Leash: Relations Between Personality of Shelter Volunteers and On-leash Walking Behavior With Shelter Dogs." Frontiers in Psychology 12, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Animals
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Inappropriate leash reactivity is one of the most common problems in shelter dogs, which negatively affects the health of dogs and reduces their adoptability. We explored 370 human-dog interactions, involving 74 volunteers and 111 dogs, in an animal shelter when volunteers walked shelter dogs on a leash, considering the effects of canine demographics and the results of the shelter’s canine behavioural assessments. The interaction was video recorded and coded using ethograms, and a leash tension meter was used to measure the pull strength of dogs and handlers. Results showed that dogs that were more relaxed during the shelter assessment (i.e., when socialising with humans or being left alone in a new environment) were less reactive on the leash, with lower tension and pulling frequency. Moreover, socialised and relaxed dogs displayed more positive body language, such as tail in a high position, gazing at the handler, and exploring the environment. When walking with these dogs, volunteers utilised fewer verbal cues and body language during the walk. In addition to the canine behaviour assessment, there were correlations between canine demographics and the behavioural interaction and humans’ perception. Finally, volunteers perceived the walk as less satisfactory when they needed to pull the leash harder during the walk. This research suggests that the RSPCA behavioural assessment may be useful in predicting the behaviour of shelter dogs when walked by volunteers.

ACS Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Fillipe Georgiou; Clive J. C. Phillips. Do Canine Behavioural Assessments and Characteristics Predict the Human-Dog Interaction When Walking on a Leash in a Shelter Setting? Animals 2020, 11, 26 .

AMA Style

Hao-Yu Shih, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Fillipe Georgiou, Clive J. C. Phillips. Do Canine Behavioural Assessments and Characteristics Predict the Human-Dog Interaction When Walking on a Leash in a Shelter Setting? Animals. 2020; 11 (1):26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Fillipe Georgiou; Clive J. C. Phillips. 2020. "Do Canine Behavioural Assessments and Characteristics Predict the Human-Dog Interaction When Walking on a Leash in a Shelter Setting?" Animals 11, no. 1: 26.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Animals
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Previous studies have indicated that human gender and canine sex influences human–dog interactions. However, the majority of studies have considered the interaction when dogs were off-leash and the behavioural interactions when dogs are walked on a leash have not been addressed. This study investigated human–dog interactions when shelter volunteers take shelter dogs for an on-leash walk. Video records were made of 370 walks, involving 74 volunteers and 111 shelter dogs, and a leash tension meter was used to determine the pull strength of dogs and walkers. Human gender and canine sex had dyadic effects during the walk. Male dogs tended to pull more frequently and created increased leash tensions. Dogs displayed more stress related behaviours when interacting with men than women, with the signs being spending less time holding the tail in the high position, and more frequent gazing and lip-licking behaviours. Finally, there was a greater pre-disposition in women to use verbal commands, and language typically used with babies, while men were more inclined to have physical contact with dogs. This study’s results may be used to match shelter dogs with appropriate men and women volunteers for walking exercise of the dog, and to improve potential dog socialisation efforts by shelters.

ACS Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Fillipe Georgiou; Nancy A. Pachana; Clive J. C. Phillips. Who Is Pulling the Leash? Effects of Human Gender and Dog Sex on Human–Dog Dyads When Walking On-Leash. Animals 2020, 10, 1894 .

AMA Style

Hao-Yu Shih, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Fillipe Georgiou, Nancy A. Pachana, Clive J. C. Phillips. Who Is Pulling the Leash? Effects of Human Gender and Dog Sex on Human–Dog Dyads When Walking On-Leash. Animals. 2020; 10 (10):1894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Fillipe Georgiou; Nancy A. Pachana; Clive J. C. Phillips. 2020. "Who Is Pulling the Leash? Effects of Human Gender and Dog Sex on Human–Dog Dyads When Walking On-Leash." Animals 10, no. 10: 1894.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2020 in Animals
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Leash tension forces exerted by dog and handler during walks affect their welfare. We developed a novel ambulatory measurement device using a load cell and a tri-axial accelerometer to record both the tension and direction of forces exerted on the leashes. Data were relayed telemetrically to a laptop for real time viewing and recording. Larger and heavier dogs exerted higher leash tension but had a lower pulling frequency than their smaller and lighter conspecifics. This pattern was observed in the reactional forces of handlers. Young dogs pulled more frequently during walks, which was also mirrored in handlers’ pulling. Well-behaved dogs created lower leash tension, but handlers did not respond with lower forces. This novel method of recording leash tension will facilitate real-time monitoring of the behaviour of dogs and their handlers during walks.

ACS Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Fillipe Georgiou; Robert A. Curtis; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. Behavioural Evaluation of a Leash Tension Meter Which Measures Pull Direction and Force during Human–Dog On-Leash Walks. Animals 2020, 10, 1382 .

AMA Style

Hao-Yu Shih, Fillipe Georgiou, Robert A. Curtis, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Clive J. C. Phillips. Behavioural Evaluation of a Leash Tension Meter Which Measures Pull Direction and Force during Human–Dog On-Leash Walks. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Fillipe Georgiou; Robert A. Curtis; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. 2020. "Behavioural Evaluation of a Leash Tension Meter Which Measures Pull Direction and Force during Human–Dog On-Leash Walks." Animals 10, no. 8: 1382.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2019 in Animals
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Human-dog relationships are an important contributor to the welfare of dogs, but little is known about the importance of socioeconomic status of the dogs' owners. We conducted a retrospective study of canine welfare complaints, using Australian government statistics on the socioeconomic status of the inhabitants at the location of the alleged welfare issue. The socioeconomic score of inhabitants at the relevant postcode was assumed to be that of the plaintiff. Our dataset included 107,597 complaints that had been received by RSPCA Queensland between July 2008 and June 2018, each with the following information: the number of dogs involved, dog(s) age, breed(s), suburb, postcode, date received, and complaint code(s) (describing the type of complaint). The median index score for relative social advantage of the locations where the alleged welfare concern occurred was less than the median score for the population of Queensland, suggesting that welfare concerns in dogs were more commonly reported in areas with inhabitants of low socioeconomic status. It was also less if the dog being reported was not of a recognised breed, compared to dogs of recognised breeds. Dogs reported to be in the gundog breed group were in the most socioeconomically advantaged postcodes, followed by toy, hound, non-sporting, working dog, terrier, and utility breed groups. Reports of alleged cruelty, insufficient food and/or water, a dog being not exercised or being confined/tethered, failure to provide shelter or treatment, overcrowding, a dog being in poor condition or living in poor conditions were most likely to be made in relation to dogs in low socioeconomic postcodes. Reports of dogs being left in a hot vehicle unattended were more likely to be made in relation to dogs in high socioeconomic postcodes. It is concluded that both canine welfare complaints and dogs in specific breed groups appear to be related to the owner's socioeconomic status. This study may be used to improve public awareness and to tailor educational campaigns toward different populations.

ACS Style

Hao Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. Socioeconomic Influences on Reports of Canine Welfare Concerns to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in Queensland, Australia. Animals 2019, 9, 711 .

AMA Style

Hao Yu Shih, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Clive J. C. Phillips. Socioeconomic Influences on Reports of Canine Welfare Concerns to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in Queensland, Australia. Animals. 2019; 9 (10):711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. 2019. "Socioeconomic Influences on Reports of Canine Welfare Concerns to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in Queensland, Australia." Animals 9, no. 10: 711.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2019 in Animals
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Cruelty- and neglect-related canine welfare concerns are important welfare and social issues. Dog breed has been identified as a risk factor for bad welfare, and yet its role in different types of canine welfare concerns has not been fully investigated. We conducted a retrospective study of 107,597 dog welfare complaints received by RSPCA Queensland from July 2008 to June 2018. The breed of the dog involved in the incident was either recorded as stated by the complainant or by the inspector attending the case. Dog breed was divided into groups following the Australian National Kennel Club nomenclature. Dogs of a non-recognised breed were more likely to be reported in welfare complaints than recognised breed dogs. Recognised breed dogs had a greater risk of being reported with poisoning, lack of veterinary support, abuse and being left unattended in a hot vehicle; while non-recognised breed dogs had greater risk of being reported with insufficient shelter, exercise and food/water, as well as overcrowding and abandonment. Utility breeds, terriers and working dogs were most likely to be reported, while toy, non-sporting breeds and gundogs were least likely to be reported. Common complaint types for utility dogs were: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise, and poor living conditions; for terriers: abandonment, intentional abuses and killing or injuring another animal; for working dogs: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise; for toy dogs: lack of veterinary care, overcrowding and staying in a hot vehicle alone; for non-sporting dogs: lack of veterinary care, being left in a hot vehicle unattended and poor body conditions; and for hounds: killing or injuring another animal, intentional abuses and poor body conditions. Breed groups rather than breeds may be the best method of breed identification in a public reporting system as they group similar breeds together, and as our research shows, they relate to types of animal welfare complaints. Understanding the relationship between breed group and canine welfare complaints may help authorities improve public education programs and inform decision-making around which breed a new owner should choose.

ACS Style

Hao Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. Breed Group Effects on Complaints about Canine Welfare Made to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Queensland, Australia. Animals 2019, 9, 390 .

AMA Style

Hao Yu Shih, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Clive J. C. Phillips. Breed Group Effects on Complaints about Canine Welfare Made to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Queensland, Australia. Animals. 2019; 9 (7):390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. 2019. "Breed Group Effects on Complaints about Canine Welfare Made to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Queensland, Australia." Animals 9, no. 7: 390.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2019 in Animals
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Animal neglect and cruelty are important welfare and social issues. We conducted an epidemiological study of dog welfare complaints and identified risk factors. The retrospective study included 107,597 dog welfare complaints received by RSPCA Queensland from July 2008 to June 2018. The risk factors considered were the age of dogs and the year of being reported. The number of complaints received each year increased by 6.2% per year. The most common complaints were poor dog body conformation, insufficient food and/or water, dogs receiving inadequate exercise, and dogs being confined or tethered. Increasing numbers were most evident for poor living conditions and leaving dogs in a hot vehicle unattended, both of which may have resulted from increasing public awareness. The majority of complaints were neglect-related rather than related to deliberate cruelty. Compared with puppies, adult dogs were more likely to be reported to have been poisoned, left unattended in a hot car or abandoned, as well as to have had inadequate exercise and shelter. Reported puppies were more likely to be alleged to have experienced cruelty, lack of veterinary support, overcrowding, poor living and health conditions, and inappropriate surgery. In conclusion, animal neglect was the most commonly reported welfare concern in dogs. Due to an assumed increasing public awareness of some types of cruelty, the trends of reported concerns differed. Adult dogs and puppies were reported to be involved in different types of welfare concerns. Strategies to address cruelty to dogs can be informed by an understanding of risk factors and trends in types of cruelty.

ACS Style

Hao Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. A Retrospective Analysis of Complaints to RSPCA Queensland, Australia, about Dog Welfare. Animals 2019, 9, 282 .

AMA Style

Hao Yu Shih, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Clive J. C. Phillips. A Retrospective Analysis of Complaints to RSPCA Queensland, Australia, about Dog Welfare. Animals. 2019; 9 (5):282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Yu Shih; Mandy B. A. Paterson; Clive J. C. Phillips. 2019. "A Retrospective Analysis of Complaints to RSPCA Queensland, Australia, about Dog Welfare." Animals 9, no. 5: 282.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2016 in Taiwan Veterinary Journal
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Confined bears are deprived of natural stimulus, such as large roaming domains, active foraging and enriched habitats, making them vulnerable to develop stereotypic behaviors. Motivation drives and neuro-pathological imbalance are the causes. Various stereotypic behavior types have been reported, including oral, head and locomotory related behaviors, and pacing are the most commonly seen. Stereotypic behavior level could be monitored using an observation-reporting system or fecal corticoid. Environmental and feeding enrichment are the proposed solutions; however, habituation could be developed. Parallel intermittent and consecutive environmental enrichment and unpredictable feeding schedule would be beneficial. Medication, especially long-term and low-dosage fluoxetine, was found to be effective in alleviating bear stereotypic behaviors.

ACS Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Jane-Fang Yu; Lih-Chiann Wang. STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIORS IN BEARS. Taiwan Veterinary Journal 2016, 42, 11 -17.

AMA Style

Hao-Yu Shih, Jane-Fang Yu, Lih-Chiann Wang. STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIORS IN BEARS. Taiwan Veterinary Journal. 2016; 42 (1):11-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao-Yu Shih; Jane-Fang Yu; Lih-Chiann Wang. 2016. "STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIORS IN BEARS." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 42, no. 1: 11-17.