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Dr. Abmael Cardoso
São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

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0 Beef Cattle
0 Nitrous Oxide Emissions
0 animal performance
0 Forage and Grassland
0 methane emissions

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animal performance
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methane emissions

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Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Scientific Reports
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The effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels on protein and carbohydrate fractions in Marandu palisadegrass pasture [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] were investigated in a pasture over five years. The experimental design was completely randomized with four levels of N (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha-1, as urea) for five years, and with three replicates. The study was conducted in a continuously stocked pasture during the forage growing season (December to April) in a tropical region. The effects of N fertilization were similar across the five years. With increasing N fertilization, the concentrations of crude protein (CP) increased from 103 to 173 g kg−1 (P < 0.001), soluble fractions (Fraction A + B1) increased from 363 to 434 g kg−1 of total CP (P = 0.006); neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased from 609 to 556 g kg−1 (P = 0.037); indigestible NDF (P = 0.046), potentially degradable neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.037), and acid detergent fiber decreased (P = 0.05), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) increased (P < 0.001). Increasing N fertilization decreased the concentrations of Fraction C (P = 0.014) and total carbohydrates (P < 0.0001), and increased CP:organic matter digestibility (P < 0.01). Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber free of ash and protein (P = 0.003), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber potentially degradable (P = 0.11), CP (P < 0.001), Fraction A + B1 (P < 0.001), Fraction B2 (P < 0.001), Fraction B3 (P < 0.01), and non-structural carbohydrates differed (P < 0.001) across years. Therefore, N fertilization can be used to increase CP, soluble protein, and TDN.

ACS Style

Rhaony Gonçalves Leite; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Natália Vilas Boas Fonseca; Maria Luisa Curvelo Silva; Luís Orlindo Tedeschi; Lutti Maneck Delevatti; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri; Ricardo Andrade Reis. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein and carbohydrate fractions of Marandu palisadegrass. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Rhaony Gonçalves Leite, Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Natália Vilas Boas Fonseca, Maria Luisa Curvelo Silva, Luís Orlindo Tedeschi, Lutti Maneck Delevatti, Ana Cláudia Ruggieri, Ricardo Andrade Reis. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein and carbohydrate fractions of Marandu palisadegrass. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rhaony Gonçalves Leite; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Natália Vilas Boas Fonseca; Maria Luisa Curvelo Silva; Luís Orlindo Tedeschi; Lutti Maneck Delevatti; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri; Ricardo Andrade Reis. 2021. "Effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein and carbohydrate fractions of Marandu palisadegrass." Scientific Reports 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Beef cattle production is an important agricultural activity in Brazil, which influences environmental and resource consumption. This study analyzed greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts from 17 farms, representing the Brazil’s productive system and determined possible improvements in the production chain. Methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide emissions were evaluated using the updated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for national inventories. The GHG inventory included emissions from animals, feeds, and “cradle-to-farm-gate” operations for animal management. Regression analyses of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) emissions and productive indices were performed to identify possible GHG emission hotspots. The results varied considerably among the farms. The GHG yield ranged from 8.63 to 50.88 CO2eq kg carcass−1. The productive indices of average daily gain (p< 0.0001), area productivity (p = 0.058), and slaughtering age (p< 0.0001) were positively correlated with GHG yield. However, no correlation was found with the stocking rate (p = 0.21). The production chain could be improved through accurate animal management strategies that reduce the slaughtering age and daily weight gain individually or per area using pasture management and strategic animal supplementation, which could subsequently reduce GHG emissions in beef cattle production.

ACS Style

André D’Aurea; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Yuri Guimarães; Lauriston Fernandes; Luis Ferreira; Ricardo Reis. Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Cattle Production in Brazil through Animal Management. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7207 .

AMA Style

André D’Aurea, Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Yuri Guimarães, Lauriston Fernandes, Luis Ferreira, Ricardo Reis. Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Cattle Production in Brazil through Animal Management. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

André D’Aurea; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Yuri Guimarães; Lauriston Fernandes; Luis Ferreira; Ricardo Reis. 2021. "Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Cattle Production in Brazil through Animal Management." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7207.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2021 in Atmosphere
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The intensification of pasture production has increased the use of N fertilizers—a practice that can alter soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the fluxes of CH4, CO2, and N2O in the soil of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ pastures fertilized with different sources and doses of N. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate GHG fluxes following N fertilization with urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate at doses of 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1. GHG fluxes were quantified using the static chamber technique and gas chromatography. In both experiments, the sources and doses of N did not significantly affect cumulative GHG emissions, while N fertilization significantly affected cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions compared to the control treatment. The N2O emission factor following fertilization with urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate was lower than the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change standard (0.35%, 0.24%, and 0.21%, respectively, with fractionation fertilization and 1.00%, 0.83%, and 1.03%, respectively, with single fertilization). These findings are important for integrating national inventories and improving GHG estimation in tropical regions.

ACS Style

Darlena Corrêa; Abmael Cardoso; Mariane Ferreira; Débora Siniscalchi; Ariana Toniello; Gilmar Lima; Ricardo Reis; Ana Ruggieri. Are CH4, CO2, and N2O Emissions from Soil Affected by the Sources and Doses of N in Warm-Season Pasture? Atmosphere 2021, 12, 697 .

AMA Style

Darlena Corrêa, Abmael Cardoso, Mariane Ferreira, Débora Siniscalchi, Ariana Toniello, Gilmar Lima, Ricardo Reis, Ana Ruggieri. Are CH4, CO2, and N2O Emissions from Soil Affected by the Sources and Doses of N in Warm-Season Pasture? Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (6):697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Darlena Corrêa; Abmael Cardoso; Mariane Ferreira; Débora Siniscalchi; Ariana Toniello; Gilmar Lima; Ricardo Reis; Ana Ruggieri. 2021. "Are CH4, CO2, and N2O Emissions from Soil Affected by the Sources and Doses of N in Warm-Season Pasture?" Atmosphere 12, no. 6: 697.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2021 in Agronomy
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Nitrogen (N) management affects herbage production and chemical composition; however, information on the impact of tropical herbage on N and carbohydrate fractions is scarce. A two-year study was conducted to investigate the potential use of pintoi peanut (Arachis pintoi) compared with N fertilization of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) by evaluating the herbage chemical composition (fractionation of protein and carbohydrate), herbage mass and accumulation rate, herbage disappearance rate, and stocking rate of pastures. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments, and four replications (paddocks) were used with twenty-one non-lactating crossbred dairy heifers. Treatments consisted of pastures of palisade grass without a N source (control), fertilized with urea (150 kg/ha/year; fertilized), or mixed with pintoi peanut (mixed). Inclusion of the legume increased concentrations of fractions A (p = 0.009), which is the soluble N compound, and B3 (p < 0.001), which is slowly degraded true protein, compared with pastures fertilized with N and non-fertilized pastures. Nitrogen fertilization increased fraction B1 + B2 (p = 0.046), mainly true proteins, and decreased fraction C (p = 0.0007), indigestible protein, and neutral detergent fiber concentrations (p = 0.0003), contributing to increasing the nutritive value of the herbage. Additionally, N fertilization increased herbage mass (p = 0.004) and herbage allowance (p = 0.0001). Both N fertilization and biologically fixed N increased herbage allowance (p = 0.02) and accumulation rate (p = 0.02), as well as the crude protein content of herbage (p < 0.0001) compared with non-fertilized pastures. Nitrogen fertilization increased true protein and decreased indigestible protein of herbage and promoted a greater herbage mass production, while the inclusion of legumes increased soluble protein and decreased the slowly degraded true protein of herbage. Both N management strategies increased herbage allowance and accumulation rate.

ACS Style

Andressa Berça; Abmael Cardoso; Vanessa Longhini; Luís Tedeschi; Robert Boddey; Ricardo Reis; Ana Ruggieri. Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions in Warm-Season Pastures: Effects of Nitrogen Management Strategies. Agronomy 2021, 11, 847 .

AMA Style

Andressa Berça, Abmael Cardoso, Vanessa Longhini, Luís Tedeschi, Robert Boddey, Ricardo Reis, Ana Ruggieri. Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions in Warm-Season Pastures: Effects of Nitrogen Management Strategies. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andressa Berça; Abmael Cardoso; Vanessa Longhini; Luís Tedeschi; Robert Boddey; Ricardo Reis; Ana Ruggieri. 2021. "Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions in Warm-Season Pastures: Effects of Nitrogen Management Strategies." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 847.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in Animal
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The inclusion of corn-dried distillers’ grains (DDG) could be an alternative supplement to increase animal performance, nitrogen efficiency usage (NEU), and decrease enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Our goal was to determine whether DDG could replace a traditional supplement (cottonseed meal) without affecting animal performance, N balance, and CH4 emissions. The experiment was conducted during the forage growing season (December to April), with 15 d adaptation, and a 112 d experimental period. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: a mineral supplement (MS), cottonseed meal supplement (CS), 50% replacement of CS by DDG (50DDG), and 100% replacement of CS by DDG (100DDG). Cottonseed meal and DDG were used as protein supplement. A total of 12 paddocks, 3 per treatment, were used to measure forage mass: morphological and chemical composition of forage, forage allowance, and animal performance. Six animals per treatment were used to evaluate DM intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, microbial protein production (MCP), and NEU of each treatment. Eighty-one Young Nellore bulls (48 testers, 12 per treatments and 33 adjusters) with initial BW of 255 ± 5 kg (10–12 months old) were supplemented with each supplement type at a level of 0.3% of BW. Pasture management was continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate (put-and-take). Enteric CH4 was measured using the gas tracer technique. The MCP was quantified using purine derivatives and the NEU mass balance. No differences were found in nutrient intake (P > 0.228). Individual animal performance and gain per area were higher in the treatments with concentrates compared with that of MS; however, there was no difference among treatments CS, 50DDG, and 100DDG. The ADG was 0.83 for MS and 1.08 kg/animal/d when supplemented (P < 0.05). Gain per hectare was 709 kg/ha for MS and 915 kg/ha when supplemented with concentrates (P < 0.05). There was no difference in CH4 production among treatments that average 180 g/animal/d; however, CH4 per kg of gain was reduced with CS. The CH4 conversion factor averaged 5.91%. There was no difference in the synthesis of MCP and NEU. Corn DDG can replace 100% of cottonseed meal as a protein source for supplementation of young Nellore bulls grazing in tropical pastures without affecting animal performance, NEU, MCP, and CH4 emissions.

ACS Style

A. Hoffmann; A.S. Cardoso; N.V.B. Fonseca; E.P. Romanzini; D. Siniscalchi; A. Berndt; A.C. Ruggieri; R.A. Reis. Effects of supplementation with corn distillers’ dried grains on animal performance, nitrogen balance, and enteric CH4 emissions of young Nellore bulls fed a high-tropical forage diet. Animal 2021, 15, 100155 .

AMA Style

A. Hoffmann, A.S. Cardoso, N.V.B. Fonseca, E.P. Romanzini, D. Siniscalchi, A. Berndt, A.C. Ruggieri, R.A. Reis. Effects of supplementation with corn distillers’ dried grains on animal performance, nitrogen balance, and enteric CH4 emissions of young Nellore bulls fed a high-tropical forage diet. Animal. 2021; 15 (3):100155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Hoffmann; A.S. Cardoso; N.V.B. Fonseca; E.P. Romanzini; D. Siniscalchi; A. Berndt; A.C. Ruggieri; R.A. Reis. 2021. "Effects of supplementation with corn distillers’ dried grains on animal performance, nitrogen balance, and enteric CH4 emissions of young Nellore bulls fed a high-tropical forage diet." Animal 15, no. 3: 100155.

Regular articles
Published: 07 January 2021 in Tropical Animal Health and Production
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The effect of pasture management on CH4 emissions was investigated from goats in a tropical climate. Two experiments were conducted in a “Tanzania Guinea grass” (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pasture to assess enteric CH4 production in a completely randomized design. Emissions from light, moderate, and heavy grazing intensities were analyzed in the first experiment, and variations between grazing days were explored in the second experiment. Grazing intensity was defined as 2.4, 1.6, and 0.8 post-grazing leaf area index. Pasture management employed intermittent grazing with variable stocking rate using Anglo Nubian female adult goats. SF6 tracer gas technique was used to measure CH4 production. Grazing intensity was not found to affect CH4 emissions per animal, dry matter forage intake (DMI), and gross energy (GE) intake. However, the second experiment showed that CH4 production was influenced by the grazing day. CH4 emissions were 18.1 g day−1, and the variables were 0.88 g kg−1 of metabolic weight, 17.45 g kg−1 of DMI, and 5.5% of GE. CH4 production increased linearly with the grazing day, possibly reflecting a reduction in forage quality. These findings suggest that the day of occupation in intermittent grazing has a greater effect on CH4 emissions than that by grazing intensity and that a single day grazing of Tanzania Guinea grass could mitigate CH4 emissions.

ACS Style

Naomi Cristina Meister; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Fernando Oliveira Alari; Nailson Lima Santos Lemos; Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi Frighetto; Euclides Braga Malheiros; Ricardo Andrade Reis; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Effect of pasture management on enteric methane emissions from goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2021, 53, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Naomi Cristina Meister, Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Fernando Oliveira Alari, Nailson Lima Santos Lemos, Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi Frighetto, Euclides Braga Malheiros, Ricardo Andrade Reis, Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Effect of pasture management on enteric methane emissions from goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2021; 53 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naomi Cristina Meister; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Fernando Oliveira Alari; Nailson Lima Santos Lemos; Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi Frighetto; Euclides Braga Malheiros; Ricardo Andrade Reis; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. 2021. "Effect of pasture management on enteric methane emissions from goats." Tropical Animal Health and Production 53, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Animals
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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing cottonseed meal by dried distiller’s grains (DDG) in terms of efficiency in the productive aspects of beef cattle finishing in pasture versus feedlot. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two production systems (pasture versus feedlot) and three supplements: CM, conventional supplement with cottonseed meal (CM) as a protein source; 50DDG: supplement with 50% replacement of CM by DDG; and 100DDG: 100% replacement. The effect of replacing CM by DDG on dry matter and nutrients intake and nutrients digestibility depends on the finishing system (p < 0.05). While in the pasture system animal consumed more nutrients in the CM, a greater intake was observed in the 100DDG in feedlot. The nutrients digestibility was lower in the pasture (p < 0.05). Animal performance and final body weight were higher in the feedlot (p < 0.0001), with averages of 1.57 kg/d and 566 kg of final body weight (FBW) for feedlot, and 0.99 kg/d and 504 kg FBW for pasture. The use of DDG does not change the animal performance finished in pasture or feedlot, and it is a viable alternative to replace conventional supplements in finishing phase in both systems in tropical environment.

ACS Style

Alvair Hoffmann; Andressa Berça; Abmael Cardoso; Natalia Boas Fonseca; Maria Silva; Rhaony Leite; Ana Ruggieri; Ricardo Reis. Does the Effect of Replacing Cottonseed Meal with Dried Distiller’s Grains on Nellore bulls Finishing Phase Vary between Pasture and Feedlot? Animals 2021, 11, 85 .

AMA Style

Alvair Hoffmann, Andressa Berça, Abmael Cardoso, Natalia Boas Fonseca, Maria Silva, Rhaony Leite, Ana Ruggieri, Ricardo Reis. Does the Effect of Replacing Cottonseed Meal with Dried Distiller’s Grains on Nellore bulls Finishing Phase Vary between Pasture and Feedlot? Animals. 2021; 11 (1):85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alvair Hoffmann; Andressa Berça; Abmael Cardoso; Natalia Boas Fonseca; Maria Silva; Rhaony Leite; Ana Ruggieri; Ricardo Reis. 2021. "Does the Effect of Replacing Cottonseed Meal with Dried Distiller’s Grains on Nellore bulls Finishing Phase Vary between Pasture and Feedlot?" Animals 11, no. 1: 85.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2020 in Agronomy
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A 7 year experiment (2008–2014) evaluated cattle grazing intensity (sward height) effects on herbage mass, forage quality, and greenhouse gas emissions in continuously stocked pastures containing the tropical ‘Marandu’ palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich) Stapf cv. Marandu). The experiment consisted of three sward height treatments (15, 25, and 35 cm) and six replicates. There were four periods each year during the rearing phase. Significant effects were found for herbage mass, proportions of leaf and stem, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, animal performance, enteric methane (CH4), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. When the canopy height increased from 15 to 35 cm, the herbage mass rose from 5.23 to 9.86 kg t ha−1, leaf percentage decreased, and stem percentage increased. Crude protein content averaged 14.2%, and neutral detergent fiber averaged 58%. Average daily gain averaged 0.67, 0.81, and 0.90 kg −1 head−1, while live weight gain ha–1 was 649, 530, and 439 kg for the 15, 25, and 35 cm treatments, respectively. The weather variables explained the GHG emissions, interannual herbage mass, and structure variations.

ACS Style

Ana Cláudia Ruggieri; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Fernando Ongaratto; Daniel Rume Casagrande; Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero; Liziane De Figueiredo Brito; Mariane Vieira Azenha; André Alves Oliveira; Jefferson Fabiano Werner Koscheck; Ricardo Andrade Reis. Grazing Intensity Impacts on Herbage Mass, Sward Structure, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Animal Performance: Analysis of Brachiaria Pastureland. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1750 .

AMA Style

Ana Cláudia Ruggieri, Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Fernando Ongaratto, Daniel Rume Casagrande, Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero, Liziane De Figueiredo Brito, Mariane Vieira Azenha, André Alves Oliveira, Jefferson Fabiano Werner Koscheck, Ricardo Andrade Reis. Grazing Intensity Impacts on Herbage Mass, Sward Structure, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Animal Performance: Analysis of Brachiaria Pastureland. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1750.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Cláudia Ruggieri; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Fernando Ongaratto; Daniel Rume Casagrande; Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero; Liziane De Figueiredo Brito; Mariane Vieira Azenha; André Alves Oliveira; Jefferson Fabiano Werner Koscheck; Ricardo Andrade Reis. 2020. "Grazing Intensity Impacts on Herbage Mass, Sward Structure, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Animal Performance: Analysis of Brachiaria Pastureland." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1750.

Technical report
Published: 15 October 2020 in Journal of Environmental Quality
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Cattle excreta and nitrogen fertilizer deposited on tropical grasslands are important sources of ammonia (NH3) emission. We conducted three field trials (wet, intermediate, and dry conditions) to quantify the NH3 emissions from urea fertilizer and simulated excretions of heifer urine and dung on warm‐climate grasslands in Brazil. Heifer excreta were derived from pastures of palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. ‘Marandu’] under three forms of N supply [without or with N‐fertilization (0 or 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1) or mixed with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv ‘Amarillo’)]. Cumulative NH3–N emission across rainfall conditions ranged between 7.6 to 16.6% (mean 11.7%) for urine, 1.4 to 2.9% (mean 2.0%) for dung, and 11.2 to 20.5% (mean 14.8%) for urea. Ammonia loss from urine was significantly greater than from dung under all rainfall conditions. Emission from urine and dung differ from those when urea was applied on palisadegrass. There were greater NH3 emissions from urine in the wetter times of the year. Heifer excreta from N‐fertilized pasture had greater NH3 emission than excreta from the grass‐legume mixture and unfertilized palisadegrass. Urea applied on palisadegrass presented greater NH3 emissions in the wet rainfall conditions compared with the dry, but did not differ from the intermediate conditions. Our study showed that N‐fertilized systems increases N losses as NH3 emission from excreta, and emissions from urea fertilizer must be included in this system. Heifer excreta and urea fertilizer deposited on warm‐climate grasslands increased the NH3 emission mainly under the wet conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Vanessa Zirondi Longhini; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Andressa Scholz Berça; Robert Michael Boddey; Ricardo Andrade Reis; José Carlos Batista Dubeux Junior; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Nitrogen supply and rainfall affect ammonia emissions from dairy cattle excreta and urea applied on warm‐climate pastures. Journal of Environmental Quality 2020, 49, 1453 -1466.

AMA Style

Vanessa Zirondi Longhini, Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Andressa Scholz Berça, Robert Michael Boddey, Ricardo Andrade Reis, José Carlos Batista Dubeux Junior, Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Nitrogen supply and rainfall affect ammonia emissions from dairy cattle excreta and urea applied on warm‐climate pastures. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2020; 49 (6):1453-1466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa Zirondi Longhini; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Andressa Scholz Berça; Robert Michael Boddey; Ricardo Andrade Reis; José Carlos Batista Dubeux Junior; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. 2020. "Nitrogen supply and rainfall affect ammonia emissions from dairy cattle excreta and urea applied on warm‐climate pastures." Journal of Environmental Quality 49, no. 6: 1453-1466.

Review
Published: 18 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Intensification of tropical grassland can be a strategy to increase beef production, but methods for achieving this should maintain or reduce its environmental impact and should not compromise future food-producing capacity. The objective of this review was to discuss the aspects of grassland management, animal supplementation, the environment, and the socioeconomics of grassland intensification. Reducing environmental impact in the form of, for example, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is particularly important in Brazil, which is the second-largest beef producer in the world. Most Brazilian pastures, however, are degraded, representing a considerable opportunity for the mitigation and increase of beef-cattle production, and consequently increasing global protein supply. Moreover, in Brazil, forage production is necessary for seasonal feeding strategies that maintain animal performance during periods of forage scarcity. There are many options to achieve this objective that can be adopted alone or in association. These options include improving grassland management, pasture fertilization, and animal supplementation. Improving grazing management has the potential to mitigate GHG emissions through the reduction of the intensity of CO2 emissions, as well as the preservation of natural areas by reducing the need for expanding pastureland. Limitations to farmers adopting intensification strategies include cultural aspects and the lack of financial resources and technical assistance.

ACS Style

Abmael Cardoso; Rondineli Barbero; Eliéder Romanzini; Ronyatta Teobaldo; Fernando Ongaratto; Marcia Fernandes; Ana Ruggieri; Ricardo Reis. Intensification: A Key Strategy to Achieve Great Animal and Environmental Beef Cattle Production Sustainability in Brachiaria Grasslands. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6656 .

AMA Style

Abmael Cardoso, Rondineli Barbero, Eliéder Romanzini, Ronyatta Teobaldo, Fernando Ongaratto, Marcia Fernandes, Ana Ruggieri, Ricardo Reis. Intensification: A Key Strategy to Achieve Great Animal and Environmental Beef Cattle Production Sustainability in Brachiaria Grasslands. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abmael Cardoso; Rondineli Barbero; Eliéder Romanzini; Ronyatta Teobaldo; Fernando Ongaratto; Marcia Fernandes; Ana Ruggieri; Ricardo Reis. 2020. "Intensification: A Key Strategy to Achieve Great Animal and Environmental Beef Cattle Production Sustainability in Brachiaria Grasslands." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6656.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Pedosphere
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Greenhouse gases are known to play an important role in global warming. In this study, we determined the effects of selected soil and climate variables on nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a tropical grassland fertilized with chicken slurry, swine slurry, cattle slurry, and cattle compost. Cumulative N2O emissions did not differ between treatments and varied from 29.26 to 32.85 mg N m−2. Similarly, cumulative CH4 emissions were not significantly different among the treatments and ranged from 6.34 to 57.73 mg CH4 m−2. Slurry and compost application induced CO2 emissions that were significantly different from those in the control treatment. The CH4 conversion factors measured were 0.21%, 1.39%, 4.39%, and 5.07% for cattle compost, chicken slurry, swine slurry, and cattle slurry, respectively, differing from the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The fraction of added N emitted as N2O was 0.39%, which was lower than the IPCC default value of 2%. Our findings suggest that N2O emissions could be mitigated by replacing synthetic fertilizer sources with either biofertilizer or compost. Our results indicate the following: N2O emission was mainly controlled by soil temperature, followed by soil moisture and then soil NH4+ content; CH4 fluxes were mainly controlled by soil moisture and chamber headspace temperature; and CO2 fluxes were mainly controlled by chamber headspace temperature and soil moisture.

ACS Style

Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Juliana Bega Junqueira; Ricardo Andrade Reis; Ana Claudia Ruggieri. How do greenhouse gas emissions vary with biofertilizer type and soil temperature and moisture in a tropical grassland? Pedosphere 2020, 30, 607 -617.

AMA Style

Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Juliana Bega Junqueira, Ricardo Andrade Reis, Ana Claudia Ruggieri. How do greenhouse gas emissions vary with biofertilizer type and soil temperature and moisture in a tropical grassland? Pedosphere. 2020; 30 (5):607-617.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Juliana Bega Junqueira; Ricardo Andrade Reis; Ana Claudia Ruggieri. 2020. "How do greenhouse gas emissions vary with biofertilizer type and soil temperature and moisture in a tropical grassland?" Pedosphere 30, no. 5: 607-617.

Article
Published: 26 July 2020 in Agronomy Journal
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Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from livestock systems are important because of their significant contribution to global warming. Nitrogen (N) fertilization can improve system production; however, it alters soil gas emissions. We evaluated soil nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to investigate how they are affected by increasing levels of N fertilizer (urea) in a productive Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha ) pasture subjected to continuous grazing by young Nellore beef cattle (Bos indicus ). The N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions were significantly affected by increasing N fertilizer levels. The seasons also affected GHGs emissions. Nitrogen fertilizer favored CH4 consumption relative to the control plot without N, with mean emission of 23.7 μg CH4‐C m−2 h−1 in the fertilized plots compared to 61.6 μg CH4‐C m−2 h−1 in the control. The N‐fertilized areas presented higher CO2 emissions compared to the control plot without N. The areas that received N fertilization showed a positive linear association between the water‐filled pore space and N2O emission. Soil temperature drove CO2 emissions. Increasing N fertilization in grazed marandu grass increases N2O and CO2 emissions during the growing season, while reducing CH4. The effect of fertilization during the transition season was not apparent, and perhaps other factors could provide a better explanation for the GHG emissions during this period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Elisamara Raposo; Liziane F. Brito; Estella R. Janusckiewicz; Luíza F. Oliveira; Jonathan Versuti; Fabiana M. Assumpção; Abmael S. Cardoso; Débora Siniscalchi; Lutti M. Delevatti; Euclides B. Malheiros; Ricardo A. Reis; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Greenhouse gases emissions from tropical grasslands affected by nitrogen fertilizer management. Agronomy Journal 2020, 112, 4666 -4680.

AMA Style

Elisamara Raposo, Liziane F. Brito, Estella R. Janusckiewicz, Luíza F. Oliveira, Jonathan Versuti, Fabiana M. Assumpção, Abmael S. Cardoso, Débora Siniscalchi, Lutti M. Delevatti, Euclides B. Malheiros, Ricardo A. Reis, Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Greenhouse gases emissions from tropical grasslands affected by nitrogen fertilizer management. Agronomy Journal. 2020; 112 (6):4666-4680.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisamara Raposo; Liziane F. Brito; Estella R. Janusckiewicz; Luíza F. Oliveira; Jonathan Versuti; Fabiana M. Assumpção; Abmael S. Cardoso; Débora Siniscalchi; Lutti M. Delevatti; Euclides B. Malheiros; Ricardo A. Reis; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. 2020. "Greenhouse gases emissions from tropical grasslands affected by nitrogen fertilizer management." Agronomy Journal 112, no. 6: 4666-4680.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2020 in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
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We quantified nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) emissions from cattle urine and dung patches on Brachiaria decumbens growing in a long-term silvopasture (SPS) or in monoculture (MONO) during the annual rainy and dry periods in southwest Brazil. We hypothesized that microenvironmental changes triggered by dense shade and litter, provided by trees, and pasture quality in SPS would affect greenhouse gas emissions from cattle excreta. Two field trials (rainy and dry season) were carried out using manual closed static chambers in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to three excreta types (urine, dung, and control without excreta) and two pasture systems (SPS and MONO), in a block design with three blocks and two replicates per block (n = 6 per treatment). Generally, N2O and CH4 fluxes were higher in SPS than in MONO. Notably, N losses in the form of N2O did not exceed 0.10 %, except for N2O emissions from urine deposited during the rainy season in SPS (0.39 % of applied N). Cattle dung was also a source of CH4. The highest fluxes were observed under SPS during the rainy season, but emissions were generally low, with emission rates < 0.1 kg CH4 head−1 yr−1. The highest N losses by NH3 volatilization were observed for urine under MONO, amounting to 8.3 % of total N applied during the rainy season and 17.1 % during the dry season. Our results demonstrate that N2O, CH4, and NH3 emissions from cattle are influenced by pasture system, excreta type, and season. N2O and CH4 emissions increase in long-term SPS, while NH3 losses reduce.

ACS Style

Igor Bretas; Domingos S.C. Paciullo; Bruno J.R. Alves; Márcio R. Martins; Abmael S. Cardoso; Marina A. Lima; Renato A.R. Rodrigues; Fabyano F. Silva; Fernanda H.M. Chizzotti. Nitrous oxide, methane, and ammonia emissions from cattle excreta on Brachiaria decumbens growing in monoculture or silvopasture with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2020, 295, 106896 .

AMA Style

Igor Bretas, Domingos S.C. Paciullo, Bruno J.R. Alves, Márcio R. Martins, Abmael S. Cardoso, Marina A. Lima, Renato A.R. Rodrigues, Fabyano F. Silva, Fernanda H.M. Chizzotti. Nitrous oxide, methane, and ammonia emissions from cattle excreta on Brachiaria decumbens growing in monoculture or silvopasture with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2020; 295 ():106896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Bretas; Domingos S.C. Paciullo; Bruno J.R. Alves; Márcio R. Martins; Abmael S. Cardoso; Marina A. Lima; Renato A.R. Rodrigues; Fabyano F. Silva; Fernanda H.M. Chizzotti. 2020. "Nitrous oxide, methane, and ammonia emissions from cattle excreta on Brachiaria decumbens growing in monoculture or silvopasture with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 295, no. : 106896.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Journal of Animal Science
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This study evaluated soil parameters involved in ammonia (NH3) fluxes from livestock excreta and urea fertilizer. Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, with five replicates. Treatments included application of 1) urine; 2) dung; or 3) urea fertilizer (50 kg N ha-1) on palisadegrass pasture (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). Excreta was collected from crossbred heifers grazing palisadegrass pastures. One soil background treatment without excreta or urea was included for the measurement of NH3 fluxes. Treatments were applied in May/2017, April/2018, and Jul/2018. One liter of urine, 1.6 kg of dung, and 2.67 g of urea fertilizer were added inside the chamber according to treatment. Ammonia flux was evaluated using a semi-opened free static chamber and N determination by steam distillation. The extracted solution of fresh soil was analyzed in spectrophotometer. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyses were run to identify which soil parameters explained NH3 fluxes. Soil parameters were ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), pH, and water filled pore space (%WFPS). For urine, a negative correlation (r = -0.68; P = 0.005) was found between NH3 flux and NO3-. Soil NO3- and pH affected NH3 fluxes as determined by multivariate regressions analysis. For urea fertilizer, a positive correlation was found between NH3 flux and NH4+ (r=0.62; P = 0.03), NH3 flux and NO3- (r = 0.57; P = 0.03), and NH3 flux and %WFPS (r = 0.59; P = 0.02). The %WFPS affected NH3 fluxes as determined by single regressions analysis. There was no significant correlation between NH3 fluxes and the soil parameters (P > 0.05) when dung was applied. Greatest N loss by NH3 emission when urine was applied decreased soil NO3-. Dung formed a superficial crust that might have acted as a physical barrier, reducing losses. Greater soil moisture increased urea hydrolysis resulting in soil ammonification and nitrification. Nitrates for urine and %WFPS for urea were the major drivers affecting NH3 fluxes.

ACS Style

Vanessa Z Longhini; Abmael Cardoso; Andressa S Berça; Pedro H Gonçalves; Robert M Boddey; Ricardo Reis; Jose C B Dubeux; Ana Claudia Ruggieri. PSVII-5 Soil parameters affect ammonia fluxes from livestock urine and urea fertilizer. Journal of Animal Science 2019, 97, 300 -300.

AMA Style

Vanessa Z Longhini, Abmael Cardoso, Andressa S Berça, Pedro H Gonçalves, Robert M Boddey, Ricardo Reis, Jose C B Dubeux, Ana Claudia Ruggieri. PSVII-5 Soil parameters affect ammonia fluxes from livestock urine and urea fertilizer. Journal of Animal Science. 2019; 97 (Supplement):300-300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa Z Longhini; Abmael Cardoso; Andressa S Berça; Pedro H Gonçalves; Robert M Boddey; Ricardo Reis; Jose C B Dubeux; Ana Claudia Ruggieri. 2019. "PSVII-5 Soil parameters affect ammonia fluxes from livestock urine and urea fertilizer." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. Supplement: 300-300.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Soil and Tillage Research
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ACS Style

Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Serena Capriogli Oliveira; Estella Rosseto Janusckiewicz; Liziane Figueiredo Brito; Eliane Da Silva Morgado; Ricardo Andrade Reis; Ana Claudia Ruggieri. Seasonal effects on ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane emissions for beef cattle excreta and urea fertilizer applied to a tropical pasture. Soil and Tillage Research 2019, 194, 1 .

AMA Style

Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Serena Capriogli Oliveira, Estella Rosseto Janusckiewicz, Liziane Figueiredo Brito, Eliane Da Silva Morgado, Ricardo Andrade Reis, Ana Claudia Ruggieri. Seasonal effects on ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane emissions for beef cattle excreta and urea fertilizer applied to a tropical pasture. Soil and Tillage Research. 2019; 194 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Serena Capriogli Oliveira; Estella Rosseto Janusckiewicz; Liziane Figueiredo Brito; Eliane Da Silva Morgado; Ricardo Andrade Reis; Ana Claudia Ruggieri. 2019. "Seasonal effects on ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane emissions for beef cattle excreta and urea fertilizer applied to a tropical pasture." Soil and Tillage Research 194, no. : 1.

Communication
Published: 24 October 2019 in Soil Systems
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We quantified nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and total denitrification (N2O + N2) in an acidic (Ferralsol) and a near-neutral pH soil (Cambisol) to determine whether biochar’s alkalinization effect could be the mechanism inducing potential reductions in N2O fluxes. In Ferralsol, decreases in N2O emissions and in the N2O to N2O + N2 ratio were observed in both biochar and lime treatments. In Cambisol, neither biochar nor lime decreased N2O emissions, despite significantly increasing soil pH. The abundance and community structure of nosZ gene-bearing microorganisms indicated that gene abundances did not explain biochar effects, but a higher diversity of nosZ gene-bearing microorganisms correlated to lower total denitrification. Overall, our results suggest that biochar’s potential to decrease N2O emissions, through soil alkalinization, may be more effective in acidic soils.

ACS Style

Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira; Jérôme Léchot; Rafaela Feola Conz; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Johan Six. Biochar Enhances Nitrous Oxide Reduction in Acidic but Not in Near-Neutral pH Soil. Soil Systems 2019, 3, 69 .

AMA Style

Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, Jérôme Léchot, Rafaela Feola Conz, Abmael Da Silva Cardoso, Johan Six. Biochar Enhances Nitrous Oxide Reduction in Acidic but Not in Near-Neutral pH Soil. Soil Systems. 2019; 3 (4):69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira; Jérôme Léchot; Rafaela Feola Conz; Abmael Da Silva Cardoso; Johan Six. 2019. "Biochar Enhances Nitrous Oxide Reduction in Acidic but Not in Near-Neutral pH Soil." Soil Systems 3, no. 4: 69.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2019 in Journal of Animal Science
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Livestock production systems are an essential agribusiness activity in Brazil, but a critical challenge of Brazilian farmers is to maintain the equilibrium of the ecosystem, using herbage resources efficiently with a minimum impact on the environment. Nitrogen (N) fertilization and the inclusion of forage legumes into tropical grass pastures are management strategies which increase the productivity and nutritive value of pastures and may also affect methane (CH4) production by ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of either fertilizing palisade grass pastures with N or including the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) into grass pastures on enteric CH4 emission, microbial protein production in the rumen via purine derivatives in the urine, and N balance. Twenty-one nonlactating crossbred dairy heifers were used in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments. The treatments consisted of pastures of palisade grass without N fertilization (control), fertilized with urea (fertilized), and palisade grass mixed with forage peanut (mixed). Seven animals (replications) were used to evaluate dry matter intake, digestibility, CH4 emission, urea, purine derivatives, and volume of urine, and N ingestion and excretion. Four paddocks (replications) were used to measure herbage mass; morphological, botanical, and chemical composition of herbage; and herbage allowance. The CH4 emissions were determined using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. The efficiency of N utilization (ENU) was calculated using the N balance data. Crude protein (CP) concentration of herbage increased with fertilization or legumes inclusion (P < 0.0001) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration decreased (P = 0.0355). The leaf allowance was higher in the fertilized treatment (P = 0.0294). Only uric acid excretion increased with N fertilization (P = 0.0204). The ENU was not affected by fertilized or mixed compared to control and averaged 55% (P = 0.8945). The enteric CH4 production was similar between treatments and averaged 129 g/d (P = 0.3989). We concluded that the changes in chemical composition of herbage provided by N fertilization or the inclusion of the legume showed no reduction in enteric CH4 emissions, but the ENU was more significant than previous studies with palisade grass, suggesting that different management strategies might alter the ENU under grazing conditions.

ACS Style

Andressa S Berça; Abmael Da S Cardoso; Vanessa Z Longhini; Luís O Tedeschi; Robert Michael Boddey; Alexandre Berndt; Ricardo Reis; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Methane production and nitrogen balance of dairy heifers grazing palisade grass cv. Marandu alone or with forage peanut. Journal of Animal Science 2019, 97, 4625 -4634.

AMA Style

Andressa S Berça, Abmael Da S Cardoso, Vanessa Z Longhini, Luís O Tedeschi, Robert Michael Boddey, Alexandre Berndt, Ricardo Reis, Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. Methane production and nitrogen balance of dairy heifers grazing palisade grass cv. Marandu alone or with forage peanut. Journal of Animal Science. 2019; 97 (11):4625-4634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andressa S Berça; Abmael Da S Cardoso; Vanessa Z Longhini; Luís O Tedeschi; Robert Michael Boddey; Alexandre Berndt; Ricardo Reis; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri. 2019. "Methane production and nitrogen balance of dairy heifers grazing palisade grass cv. Marandu alone or with forage peanut." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 11: 4625-4634.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2019 in Scientific Reports
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A three-year-long field experiment was conducted in a continuous grazing system with a variable stocking rate to evaluate effects of increasing nitrogen levels in Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich Stapf “marandu”) on herbage mass, forage accumulation rate (FAR), forage quality, stocking rate (SR), average daily gain (ADG), gain per hectare (GPH), and gain per kg of applied N. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (control without application of N, and 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1 year−1) and three replicates (paddocks per treatment); nitrogen was applied in the form of urea. Herbage mass, crude protein (CP), FAR, SR, GPH, and the nitrogen nutrition index increased with increasing nitrogen level (P < 0.05), whereas the neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre, and nitrogen usage efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen level (P < 0.01). Crude protein was higher than 12% and NDF lower than 60% in all treatments. Nitrogen application rate affected ADG (P < 0.05) but did not fit any equation. The highest ADG was 90 kg N ha−1 year−1 (985 g animal−1 day−1). Increasing the nitrogen level is a promising way to improve Marandu grass production, nutritive value, and animal production.

ACS Style

Lutti M. Delevatti; Abmael S. Cardoso; Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero; Rhaony G. Leite; Eliéder P. Romanzini; Ana Claudia Ruggieri; Ricardo Reis. Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Lutti M. Delevatti, Abmael S. Cardoso, Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero, Rhaony G. Leite, Eliéder P. Romanzini, Ana Claudia Ruggieri, Ricardo Reis. Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lutti M. Delevatti; Abmael S. Cardoso; Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero; Rhaony G. Leite; Eliéder P. Romanzini; Ana Claudia Ruggieri; Ricardo Reis. 2019. "Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Journal of Animal Science
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Ammonia (NH3) is a large source of environmental contamination from nitrogen usage. The objective of this study was to evaluate NH3 losses from urine and dung of cattle grazed in Marandu-grass pastures (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) with different sources of nitrogen. The experiment consisted of two factors (pasture management and excreta type) in a randomized complete block design, with 5 replicates. The pastures were: 1) CONTROL: Marandu-grass pastures without nitrogen or legume; 2) FERT: Marandu-grass pastures fertilized with nitrogen (150 kg N ha-1 year-1); 3) MIXED: Marandu-grass pastures intercropped with Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). The excreta types were dung (1.6 kg/ treatment) and urine (1.0 L/ treatment) from heifers (353.1 ± 24.1 kg BW) grazing in the pastures. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated using semi-opened free static chamber and nitrogen determination by steam distillation. Sampling were performed on 1, 3, 5, 9, 14 and 21 d after treatments being applied to the area. ANOVA was performed for total ammonia volatilized; when differences were observed among means, they were compared using the LSD test. For dung, NH3 losses differed among pasture treatments (P = 0.046). Volatilization losses was greater for FERT pastures (1.04% of applied N) compared with CONTROL (0.83% of applied N) and MIXED (0.81% of applied N) pastures. No differences were observed for urine among treatments for FERT (3.69 of applied N), MIXED (3.63 of applied N) and CONTROL (2.78 of applied N). The NH3 emission factor differed between excreta type (P < 0.0001). Urine averaged 3.40% and dung 0.89% of volatilized N-applied. Urine was the main source of ammonia volatilization, and all estimates of volatilization losses were among the lowest reported in the literature.

ACS Style

V Longhini; Abmael Cardoso; A Berça; R Boddey; F Van Cleef; R Reis; A Ruggieri. PSXI-39 Effect of legume inclusion and nitrogen fertilization on ammonia volatilization from cattle excreta in tropical grassland. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 225 -226.

AMA Style

V Longhini, Abmael Cardoso, A Berça, R Boddey, F Van Cleef, R Reis, A Ruggieri. PSXI-39 Effect of legume inclusion and nitrogen fertilization on ammonia volatilization from cattle excreta in tropical grassland. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):225-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V Longhini; Abmael Cardoso; A Berça; R Boddey; F Van Cleef; R Reis; A Ruggieri. 2018. "PSXI-39 Effect of legume inclusion and nitrogen fertilization on ammonia volatilization from cattle excreta in tropical grassland." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 225-226.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Journal of Animal Science
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Few options have been found to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in grazing systems, which requires attention, by the researches. The aim of this study was to determine N2O emissions from excreta of cattle grazed in Marandu-grass pastures (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) with different sources of nitrogen. The experiment consisted of two factors (pasture management and excreta type) in a randomized complete block design, with 5 replicates. The pastures were: 1) CONTROL: Marandu-grass pastures without nitrogen or legume; 2) FERT: Marandu-grass pastures fertilized with nitrogen (150 kg N haArachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). The excreta types were dung (1.6 kg/ treatment) and urine (1.0 L/ treatment) from heifers (353.1 ± 24.1 kg BW) grazing in the pastures. Static chambers were used to evaluate N2O emissions, which were determined by gas chromatography (electron capture detector), and were integrated over time, to calculate the cumulative emissions and the amount of nitrogen lost as N2O. Posteriorly, ANOVA was performed and the Tukey’s test was ran to determine differences among means. Dung emissions of N2O totaled 1151, 579 and 245 µg N-N2O mP = 0.0052). Urine emissions of N2O were 273, 347 and 275 µg N-N2O m2O emission factor differed between excreta type and was 2.2 times greater for dung than for urine (P = 0.038). For dung, the emission factor (EF) varied from 0.15 to 0.83% N-applied and for urine ranged 0.16% N-applied emitted as N2O. The greatest emissions were observed for FERT. Excreta affected N2O emissions, and in all cases, it was much lower than IPCC default Tier 1 emission factor.

ACS Style

V Longhini; Abmael Cardoso; A Berça; R Boddey; R Reis; F Van Cleef; A Ruggieri. PSXI-38 Nitrous oxide emissions from excreta of cattle grazed in mixed, single or fertilized pastures of Marandu-grass. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 225 -225.

AMA Style

V Longhini, Abmael Cardoso, A Berça, R Boddey, R Reis, F Van Cleef, A Ruggieri. PSXI-38 Nitrous oxide emissions from excreta of cattle grazed in mixed, single or fertilized pastures of Marandu-grass. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (suppl_3):225-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V Longhini; Abmael Cardoso; A Berça; R Boddey; R Reis; F Van Cleef; A Ruggieri. 2018. "PSXI-38 Nitrous oxide emissions from excreta of cattle grazed in mixed, single or fertilized pastures of Marandu-grass." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. suppl_3: 225-225.