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1AbstractDuring replication, RNA viruses accumulate genome alterations, such as mutations and deletions. The interactions between individual variants can determine the fitness of the virus population and, thus, the outcome of infection. To investigate the effects of defective interfering genomes (DI) on wild-type (WT) poliovirus replication, we developed an ordinary differential equation model. We experimentally determined virus and DI replication during co-infection, and use these data to infer model parameters. Our model predicts, and our experimental measurements confirm, that DI replication and encapsidation are the most important determinants for the outcome of the competition. WT replication inversely correlates with DI replication. Our model predicts that genome replication and effective DI genome encapsidation are critical to effectively inhibit WT production, but an equilibrium can be established which enables WT to replicate, albeit to reduce levels.
Yuta Shirogane; Elsa Rousseau; Jakub Voznica; Yinghong Xiao; Weiheng Su; Adam Catching; Zachary J. Whitfield; Igor M. Rouzine; Simone Bianco; Raul Andino. Experimental and mathematical insights on the interactions between poliovirus and a defective interfering genome. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleYuta Shirogane, Elsa Rousseau, Jakub Voznica, Yinghong Xiao, Weiheng Su, Adam Catching, Zachary J. Whitfield, Igor M. Rouzine, Simone Bianco, Raul Andino. Experimental and mathematical insights on the interactions between poliovirus and a defective interfering genome. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuta Shirogane; Elsa Rousseau; Jakub Voznica; Yinghong Xiao; Weiheng Su; Adam Catching; Zachary J. Whitfield; Igor M. Rouzine; Simone Bianco; Raul Andino. 2021. "Experimental and mathematical insights on the interactions between poliovirus and a defective interfering genome." , no. : 1.
COVID-19’s high virus transmission rates have caused a pandemic that is exacerbated by the high rates of asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. These factors suggest that face masks and social distance could be paramount in containing the pandemic. We examined the efficacy of each measure and the combination of both measures using an agent-based model within a closed space that approximated real-life interactions. By explicitly considering different fractions of asymptomatic individuals, as well as a realistic hypothesis of face masks protection during inhaling and exhaling, our simulations demonstrate that a synergistic use of face masks and social distancing is the most effective intervention to curb the infection spread. To control the pandemic, we show that practicing social distance is less efficacious than the widespread usage of face masks and that wearing face masks provides optimal protection even if only a small portion of the population comply with social distance. Finally, the face mask effectiveness in curbing the viral spread is not reduced if a large fraction of population is asymptomatic. Our findings have important implications for policies that dictate the reopening of social gatherings. Author summary The COVID-19 outbreak has created an enormous burden on the worldwide population. Among the various ways of preventing the spread of the virus, face masks have been proposed as a main way of reducing transmission. Yet, the interplay between the usage of face mask and other forms of Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention is still not completely clear. In this paper we introduce a stochastic individual-based model which aims at producing realistic scenarios of disease spread when mask wearing with different inward and outward efficacy and social distancing are enforced. The model elucidates the conditions that makes the two forms of intervention synergistic in preventing the spread of the disease.
Adam Catching; Sara Capponi; Ming Te Yeh; Simone Bianco; Raul Andino. Examining face-mask usage as an effective strategy to control COVID-19 spread. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAdam Catching, Sara Capponi, Ming Te Yeh, Simone Bianco, Raul Andino. Examining face-mask usage as an effective strategy to control COVID-19 spread. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Catching; Sara Capponi; Ming Te Yeh; Simone Bianco; Raul Andino. 2020. "Examining face-mask usage as an effective strategy to control COVID-19 spread." , no. : 1.
Enterovirus (EV)-D68 has been associated with epidemics in the United Sates in 2014, 2016 and 2018. This study aims to identify potential viral virulence determinants. We found that neonatal type I interferon receptor knockout mice are susceptible to EV-D68 infection via intraperitoneal inoculation and were able to recapitulate the paralysis process observed in human disease. Among the EV-D68 strains tested, strain US/MO-14-18949 caused no observable disease in this mouse model, whereas the other strains caused paralysis and death. Sequence analysis revealed several conserved genetic changes among these virus strains: nucleotide positions 107 and 648 in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR); amino acid position 88 in VP3; 1, 148, 282 and 283 in VP1; 22 in 2A; 47 in 3A. A series of chimeric and point-mutated infectious clones were constructed to identify viral elements responsible for the distinct virulence. A single amino acid change from isoleucine to valine at position 88 in VP3 attenuated neurovirulence by reducing virus replication in the brain and spinal cord of infected mice.
Ming Te Yeh; Sara Capponi; Adam Catching; Simone Bianco; Raul Andino. Mapping Attenuation Determinants in Enterovirus-D68. Viruses 2020, 12, 867 .
AMA StyleMing Te Yeh, Sara Capponi, Adam Catching, Simone Bianco, Raul Andino. Mapping Attenuation Determinants in Enterovirus-D68. Viruses. 2020; 12 (8):867.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing Te Yeh; Sara Capponi; Adam Catching; Simone Bianco; Raul Andino. 2020. "Mapping Attenuation Determinants in Enterovirus-D68." Viruses 12, no. 8: 867.