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Dr. Anne Mumbi
Kochi University of Technology

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0 Water Quality
0 policies
0 Risk Perception
0 willingness to pay
0 water pollution

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Journal article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper examines the willingness to pay for and participate in volunteer activities for the restoration of the Sosiani River in Eldoret, Kenya. The willingness to pay is examined through two scenarios which differ in the organizations conducting the proposed project. The study focuses on factory workers situated in textile industries and lay people living in the area, who are divided into two groups: respondents living downstream, who are situated mostly in town centers and at the mid/lower parts of the river and the respondents living upstream, mainly found at the upper parts of the River Sosiani. The study employs the double-hurdle model to identify the factors that influence the willingness to pay (WTP) for improved water quality in the area. An ordinal regression model is used to analyze the willingness to participate and its influencing factors. The results of the study show that an average of 74.4% of the 279 respondents studied were willing to pay for river restoration in the area. The mean willingness to pay for the government proposed scenario was KSh 182.51 (1.66$) per household/month and KSh 169.28 (1.54$) per household/month for a non-governmental proposed project. Within the groups upstream and downstream, inhabitants had higher mean scores for a non-government project as compared to a government project, while the reverse was observed in the factory group. The empirical results of this study show that risk perception, trust and socio-demographic variables were significant factors on the stated amount and the decision to participate of the respondents. The characteristics of respondents with zero WTP, who comprised a significant amount of the respondents (25.6%), are also analyzed in depth shaping the recommendations of this study. The empirical results show that the number of years lived in the community is a major determinant on willingness to participate and pay for environmental restoration projects in the area. The results of this study could influence decision makers in general and have potential implications that can be applied in other sectors not necessarily related to water issues.

ACS Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi; Tsunemi Watanabe. Willingness to Pay and Participate in Improved Water Quality by Lay People and Factory Workers: A Case Study of River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality, Kenya. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1934 .

AMA Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi, Tsunemi Watanabe. Willingness to Pay and Participate in Improved Water Quality by Lay People and Factory Workers: A Case Study of River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality, Kenya. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1934.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi; Tsunemi Watanabe. 2021. "Willingness to Pay and Participate in Improved Water Quality by Lay People and Factory Workers: A Case Study of River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality, Kenya." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1934.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2020 in Water
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This study evaluates the differences between risk predictors and risk perception regarding water pollution. Specifically, it focuses on the differences in risk perception between factory workers and lay people situated in textile industries near the River Sosiani in Eldoret, Kenya. The lay people are divided into two groups. The respondents living downstream are situated mostly in town centers and at the mid/lower parts of the river, and the respondents living upstream are mainly found at the upper parts of the River Sosiani. Data were obtained from 246 participants using questionnaires. Several factors influencing risk perception were selected to evaluate the degree of perceived risk amongst the groups. Descriptive statistics, mean score and correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the data. The one-way ANOVA results showed statistically different levels of risk perceptions amongst the groups. The partial and bivariate correlation analyses revealed the differences in scientific knowledge between respondents upstream and downstream. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that each group used different variables to determine risks in the region. In the factory group, 56.1% of the variance in risk perception is significantly predicted by sensorial factors, trust in the government’s capacity to manage water pollution and the impact of water pollution on human health. About 65.9% of the variance in risk perception of the downstream inhabitants is significantly predicted by sensorial factors, the possibility of industries generating water pollution, and previous experience with water pollution. For the respondents located upstream, age, sensorial factors, trust in the government and the possibility of being impacted by water pollution factors significantly predicted 37.05% of the variance in risk perception. These findings indicate that enhanced public participation in water governance amongst the residents of Eldoret town is needed, along with an understanding of the different characteristics of the respondents in the region during risk communication. This will boost awareness in the region and promote the adoption of better practices to minimise the adverse effects of water pollution faced by the region.

ACS Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi; Tsunemi Watanabe. Differences in Risk Perception of Water Quality and Its Influencing Factors between Lay People and Factory Workers for Water Management in River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality Kenya. Water 2020, 12, 2248 .

AMA Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi, Tsunemi Watanabe. Differences in Risk Perception of Water Quality and Its Influencing Factors between Lay People and Factory Workers for Water Management in River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality Kenya. Water. 2020; 12 (8):2248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi; Tsunemi Watanabe. 2020. "Differences in Risk Perception of Water Quality and Its Influencing Factors between Lay People and Factory Workers for Water Management in River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality Kenya." Water 12, no. 8: 2248.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Marine and Freshwater Research
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Noting the geopolitical implications of water demand and stress issues on water resources worldwide, this study investigated water demand, changes in water use patterns and water stress developments in the Nile Basin transboundary water resource by comparing Egypt and Kenya. Using an integrative literature review, the study summarises past research, drawing overall conclusions and highlighting unresolved issues. The findings demonstrate increased water withdrawals and a growing unmet demand in both countries. In addition to changing water use patterns towards municipal and industrial use, hydropower development in Kenya and navigation in Egypt are being driven by factors such as heightened upstream use, population growth and settlement patterns, economic development and climate change. In addition, spatial distribution of water stress was demonstrated, whereby downstream countries such as Egypt remain critically vulnerable, although upper riparian countries such as Kenya are gradually also facing emerging water stress problems. This water stress and its spatial distribution are being driven by supply–demand imbalances related to population growth and economic development, escalating upstream water use, deteriorating water quality, inefficient and ineffective water use and climate change. The findings inform a discussion of the crucial socioeconomic, geopolitical and policy implications for riparian countries in the Nile Basin and other transboundary water resources worldwide.

ACS Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi; Li Fengting. Exploring changes in water use patterns, demand and stress along the Nile River Basin through the lens of Kenya and Egypt. Marine and Freshwater Research 2020, 71, 1478 .

AMA Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi, Li Fengting. Exploring changes in water use patterns, demand and stress along the Nile River Basin through the lens of Kenya and Egypt. Marine and Freshwater Research. 2020; 71 (11):1478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Wambui Mumbi; Li Fengting. 2020. "Exploring changes in water use patterns, demand and stress along the Nile River Basin through the lens of Kenya and Egypt." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11: 1478.