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The future changes in water resources are essential for water resources management and agricultural production in the context of climate change. In this paper, by adopting five global models, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was utilized to character the dry conditions during 2020–2099. The Mann-Kendall test with trend-free prewhitening (TFPW-MK) was used to detect the change trends of SPEI and drought characteristics were predicted at both national and regional scale. Results showed that there is a large difference in the frequency of dry and wet occurrences at different time scales. The 12-month SPEI has a stable alternate between dry and wet occurrences, and a long duration of drought, which better describe the annual changes of drought influencing the streamflow and reservoirs. It is obvious that the available water resources decrease over time under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The TFPW-MK test indicated that southwest China have an upward trend in SPEI, while northwest, northeast and southeast China shows a drying trend. From a national perspective, water resources are relatively abundant in the future under the RCP 4.5 scenario, which is beneficial in terms of utilization of future water resources. In the long term, the northwest and northeast China have longer duration and stronger intensity of drought than those in other areas. In a high level of radiative forcing, the available water resources decrease obviously, and thus the occurrences of dry event increases. In addition, the abnormal dry events mainly appear after 2070, principally in GXR and LPR. These results can provide reference for drought warning in agricultural production, and meanwhile is beneficial for allocation and rational utilization of water resources.
Jincai Zhao; Qianqian Liu; Heli Lu; Zheng Wang; Ke Zhang; Pan Wang. Future droughts in China using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) under multi-spatial scales. Natural Hazards 2021, 1 -22.
AMA StyleJincai Zhao, Qianqian Liu, Heli Lu, Zheng Wang, Ke Zhang, Pan Wang. Future droughts in China using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) under multi-spatial scales. Natural Hazards. 2021; ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJincai Zhao; Qianqian Liu; Heli Lu; Zheng Wang; Ke Zhang; Pan Wang. 2021. "Future droughts in China using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) under multi-spatial scales." Natural Hazards , no. : 1-22.
Haze has become an important factor to harm people's health. In the face of the harm of haze, people express risk perception behavior through publishing online comments on haze news. To a certain extent, online comments affect the government's decision to deal with haze. However, most of the previous efforts only focused on several cities from a micro perspective whereas the existing research lacks to explore the regional differences of risk perception behavior of the whole country from a macro perspective. The macro perspective of research can help policymakers to formulate strategies of haze control according to local conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand the risk perception behavior of publishing online comments and haze from the macro perspective. In this study, we use quantitative methods to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of online comments and PM2.5 in 334 cities in China from 2014 to 2018. From the spatial perspective, the spatial characteristics of online comments are quite different from those of PM2.5 at the city level. It can be seen that the spatial mismatch can affect the government's strategy of haze control according to local conditions. From the perspective of influencing factors, we find that the risk perception behavior of publishing online comments conforms to the theory of environmental risk perception. Firstly, the local social development level is the largest driving force accelerating risk perception behavior. Secondly, information channel also has significantly positive effect on public risk perception behavior. Finally, the harmful degree of haze has the least positive effect on people's risk perception behavior. This gives us enlightenment. The number of online comments does not reflect the harmful degree of haze in different regions. We suggest that online comments should not be the main reference factor for policymakers to make strategies.
Qiang Li; Menglin Xia; Xiaona Guo; Yalin Shi; Ruimin Guan; Qing Liu; Yongxin Cai; Heli Lu. Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of risk perception of haze in China: The case study of publishing online comments about haze news on Sina. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 785, 147236 .
AMA StyleQiang Li, Menglin Xia, Xiaona Guo, Yalin Shi, Ruimin Guan, Qing Liu, Yongxin Cai, Heli Lu. Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of risk perception of haze in China: The case study of publishing online comments about haze news on Sina. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 785 ():147236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Li; Menglin Xia; Xiaona Guo; Yalin Shi; Ruimin Guan; Qing Liu; Yongxin Cai; Heli Lu. 2021. "Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of risk perception of haze in China: The case study of publishing online comments about haze news on Sina." Science of The Total Environment 785, no. : 147236.
The United Nations’ expanded program for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) aims to mobilize capital from developed countries in order to reduce emissions from these sources while enhancing the removal of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by forests. To achieve this goal, an agreement between the Parties on reference levels (RLs) is critical. RLs have profound implications for the effectiveness of the program, its cost efficiency, and the distribution of REDD+ financing among countries. In this paper, we introduce a methodological framework for setting RLs for REDD+ applications in tropical forests in Xishuangbanna, China, by coupling the Good Practice Guidance on Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and land use scenario modeling. We used two methods to verify the accuracy for the reliability of land classification. Firstly the accuracy reached 84.43%, 85.35%, and 82.68% in 1990, 2000, and 2010, respectively, based on high spatial resolution image by building a hybrid matrix. Then especially, the 2010 Globeland30 data was used as the standard to verify the forest land accuracy and the extraction accuracy reached 86.92% and 83.66% for area and location, respectively. Based on the historical land use maps, we identified that rubber plantations are the main contributor to forest loss in the region. Furthermore, in the business-as-usual scenario for the RLs, Xishuangbanna will lose 158,535 ha (158,535 × 104 m2) of forest area in next 20 years, resulting in approximately 0.23 million t (0.23 × 109 kg) CO2e emissions per year. Our framework can potentially increase the effectiveness of the REDD+ program in Xishuangbanna by accounting for a wider range of forest-controlled GHGs.
Guifang Liu; Yafei Feng; Menglin Xia; Heli Lu; Ruimin Guan; Kazuhiro Harada; Chuanrong Zhang. Framework for Accounting Reference Levels for REDD+ in Tropical Forests: Case Study from Xishuangbanna, China. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 416 .
AMA StyleGuifang Liu, Yafei Feng, Menglin Xia, Heli Lu, Ruimin Guan, Kazuhiro Harada, Chuanrong Zhang. Framework for Accounting Reference Levels for REDD+ in Tropical Forests: Case Study from Xishuangbanna, China. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (3):416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuifang Liu; Yafei Feng; Menglin Xia; Heli Lu; Ruimin Guan; Kazuhiro Harada; Chuanrong Zhang. 2021. "Framework for Accounting Reference Levels for REDD+ in Tropical Forests: Case Study from Xishuangbanna, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3: 416.
The cover image is based on the Special Issue Article Approaches to quantifying carbon emissions from degradation in pan‐tropic forests–Implications for effective REDD monitoring by Heli Lu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3333.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu; Chuanrong Zhang; Toshinori Okuda. Featured Front Cover. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 31, 1 .
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu, Chuanrong Zhang, Toshinori Okuda. Featured Front Cover. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 31 (15):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu; Chuanrong Zhang; Toshinori Okuda. 2020. "Featured Front Cover." Land Degradation & Development 31, no. 15: 1.
Research Highlights: Our findings highlight that the contribution of carbon sequestration from plantations to REDD+ will remain limited, and that opportunity costs in Southeast Asia will likely increase, due to future oil palm expansion. Background and Objectives: Land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) are significant sources of carbon emissions. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed that the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus program, also known as REDD+, could contribute to carbon sinks in tropical regions. These reductions could serve as carbon credits that offset emissions from other sources. Materials and Methods: This study uses the cellular automaton technique to simulate the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and the gain-loss method, to measure carbon emissions resulting from forest conversion. The output of the integration of the models makes it possible to evaluate one of the most important financial costs: opportunity costs. Two scenarios (with and without consideration of carbon sequestration) in rubber and oil palm plantations are examined. Results: A sensitivity assessment in Kalimantan, Indonesia, shows that carbon sequestration from plantations affects value of opportunity costs less than social discount rates. Further analysis suggests that oil palm plantations have a greater impact than rubber plantations. Conclusions: Our study provides a case that can be applied to other regions for evaluating the impacts of plantation carbon sequestration, and insights that can help local policymakers design a financially attractive REDD+ program in other forest areas of the world.
Guifang Liu; Qing Liu; Mengxiao Song; Junsheng Chen; Chuanrong Zhang; Xing Meng; Jincai Zhao; Heli Lu. Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia. Forests 2020, 11, 770 .
AMA StyleGuifang Liu, Qing Liu, Mengxiao Song, Junsheng Chen, Chuanrong Zhang, Xing Meng, Jincai Zhao, Heli Lu. Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia. Forests. 2020; 11 (7):770.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuifang Liu; Qing Liu; Mengxiao Song; Junsheng Chen; Chuanrong Zhang; Xing Meng; Jincai Zhao; Heli Lu. 2020. "Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia." Forests 11, no. 7: 770.
Special attention is needed to quantify emissions from human‐induced degradation in forest lands because these data are more uncertain and comprehensive than deforestation data in target countries in the UN Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) program. This study illustrates a Residual Trends (RESTREND) technique with a new baseline that isolates the human influence from natural climatic fluctuations to estimate emissions from forest degradation in countries across the pan‐tropics. Based on the recommended IPCC methodology and framework, we found a pattern of high carbon density of 182.98 t C/ha in degraded areas, which was on average 1.5 times that of deforestation areas. Further analysis revealed that the initial value of carbon stock in degraded areas was about 5.45 Pg C during 2002‐2012. We found that 17% of countries displayed values more than 100% of those from deforestation under the low degradation emissions scenario, whereas 23% of countries displayed values less than 10% under the high degradation emissions scenario. Thus, at a national level, with such an approach REDD could be further optimized and REDD targets could be achieved in an effective way.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu; Chuanrong Zhang; Toshinori Okuda. Approaches to quantifying carbon emissions from degradation in pan‐tropic forests—Implications for effective REDD monitoring. Land Degradation & Development 2019, 31, 1 .
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu, Chuanrong Zhang, Toshinori Okuda. Approaches to quantifying carbon emissions from degradation in pan‐tropic forests—Implications for effective REDD monitoring. Land Degradation & Development. 2019; 31 (15):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu; Chuanrong Zhang; Toshinori Okuda. 2019. "Approaches to quantifying carbon emissions from degradation in pan‐tropic forests—Implications for effective REDD monitoring." Land Degradation & Development 31, no. 15: 1.
It is crucial to assess the effects of urban expansion on croplands to allow sustainable urbanization and cropland supply. However, owing to the complexity of land conversion and various land policies in China, it is difficult to quantify the cropland dynamics and implications of urban expansion throughout the whole accelerated stage of urbanization. This study was based on land use data from 1990 to 2015 and urban expansion data from 2000 to 2030, analyzing urban expansion and predicting its impact on croplands. We found that urban area would continue to increase and croplands would contribute more than 70% of the urban expansion area. The urban area in China will likely reach 71.6–87.0 thousand km2 or more by 2030. Although the overall area of croplands may remain at a similar magnitude in future decades, our findings imply that croplands will tend to shift northward, resulting in some potential challenges owing to resource limitations in northern regions. Our study provides a new perspective in terms of assessing future cropland dynamics and the effects of urban expansion and highlights the significance of ensuring a realistic land policy in the future.
Yaoping Cui; Jiyuan Liu; Xinliang Xu; Jinwei Dong; Nan Li; Yiming Fu; Siqi Lu; Haoming Xia; Bo Si; Xiangming Xiao. Accelerating Cities in an Unsustainable Landscape: Urban Expansion and Cropland Occupation in China, 1990–2030. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2283 .
AMA StyleYaoping Cui, Jiyuan Liu, Xinliang Xu, Jinwei Dong, Nan Li, Yiming Fu, Siqi Lu, Haoming Xia, Bo Si, Xiangming Xiao. Accelerating Cities in an Unsustainable Landscape: Urban Expansion and Cropland Occupation in China, 1990–2030. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaoping Cui; Jiyuan Liu; Xinliang Xu; Jinwei Dong; Nan Li; Yiming Fu; Siqi Lu; Haoming Xia; Bo Si; Xiangming Xiao. 2019. "Accelerating Cities in an Unsustainable Landscape: Urban Expansion and Cropland Occupation in China, 1990–2030." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2283.
In contemporary studies in areas such as the field of classical theory, there has been an increasing emphasis on E-Business. In this study, we examine central place theory principles using China’s consumer-to-consumer online game marketing as a case of E-business. The results indicate that virtual goods in China’s C2C online game marketing are distributed in areas with high economic development and where residents have high purchasing power. Further, we found that the transmission capacity of virtual goods is affected by the level of telecommunication services because they are transmitted through information flow. Such effects illustrate that virtual goods are no longer affected by spatial distance and traffic conditions because virtual goods do not need to be touched; however, they are still affected by market forces. We conclude that there are key differences between the marketing and transport principles of CPT based on the hierarchical model describing new internal and external relations and the level of complexity in E-Business processes.
Qiang Li; Qing Liu; Xiaona Guo; Shuo Xu; Jingyu Liu; Heli Lu. Evolution and Transformation of the Central Place Theory in E-Business: China’s C2C Online Game Marketing. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2274 .
AMA StyleQiang Li, Qing Liu, Xiaona Guo, Shuo Xu, Jingyu Liu, Heli Lu. Evolution and Transformation of the Central Place Theory in E-Business: China’s C2C Online Game Marketing. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Li; Qing Liu; Xiaona Guo; Shuo Xu; Jingyu Liu; Heli Lu. 2019. "Evolution and Transformation of the Central Place Theory in E-Business: China’s C2C Online Game Marketing." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2274.
One of the side-effects generated by mainland China’s urbanization process is “ghost cities”—generally defined as clusters of abandoned buildings or housing structures—but there is a notable lack of studies on the basic characteristics related to this phenomenon, such as size, growth, level, distribution, scale, intensity, pattern and determinants. Through a combination of nighttime satellite data and daytime satellite data as a useful proxy, in this paper, we present the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of China’s ghost cities over the last two decades. Nighttime light’s rate of change in newly built areas is developed based on DMSP/OLS and Normalized Difference Built-up Index to assess a city’s darkness. Results show that the ghost city problem is real, but, at least so far, confined to 22 smaller cities. However, further analysis reveals that nighttime lights change in newly built areas, following an inverted U-curve for big cities representing a reversion from positive to negative values for the trends in recent years. The methodology through the use of the complementary characteristics in time between DMSP/OLS and Landsat data in our study prove to serve as deposing the direct evidences to ascertain and quantify such social-economic phenomenon.
Heli Lu; Chuanrong Zhang; Guifang Liu; Xinyue Ye; Changhong Miao. Mapping China’s Ghost Cities through the Combination of Nighttime Satellite Data and Daytime Satellite Data. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1037 .
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Chuanrong Zhang, Guifang Liu, Xinyue Ye, Changhong Miao. Mapping China’s Ghost Cities through the Combination of Nighttime Satellite Data and Daytime Satellite Data. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (7):1037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Chuanrong Zhang; Guifang Liu; Xinyue Ye; Changhong Miao. 2018. "Mapping China’s Ghost Cities through the Combination of Nighttime Satellite Data and Daytime Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 7: 1037.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu; Toshinori Okuda; Chuanrong Zhang. Marginal abatement cost curves for REDD+ in Kalimantan, Indonesia and the potential role of cost-saving plantations. Environmental Research Letters 2018, 13, 075006 .
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu, Toshinori Okuda, Chuanrong Zhang. Marginal abatement cost curves for REDD+ in Kalimantan, Indonesia and the potential role of cost-saving plantations. Environmental Research Letters. 2018; 13 (7):075006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu; Toshinori Okuda; Chuanrong Zhang. 2018. "Marginal abatement cost curves for REDD+ in Kalimantan, Indonesia and the potential role of cost-saving plantations." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 7: 075006.
Cities undergoing rapid urbanization are characterized by quick successions of spatiotemporal patterns, meaning that traditional methods cannot adequately assess carbon emissions from urban residential areas, which prevents the study of spatial mismatch. Therefore, this study utilizes night-time lights to construct a spatial emissions model that enables the analysis of the evolution of emissions patterns in China. The results indicate that, compared to the traditional method, the spatial modeling based on night-time lights reflects the spatial emissions trajectories in a more timely and accurate manner in rapidly urbanizing cities. Additionally, we found a relatively low degree of spatial match between emissions and economic activities, with the former, which are greatly affected by urbanization, having a larger dynamism and instability than the latter. Such spatial mismatch effect illustrates that policy makers should focus on factors beyond economics in order to reduce residential carbon emissions during China’s rapid urbanization process.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu; Changhong Miao; Chuanrong Zhang; Yaoping Cui; Jincai Zhao. Spatial Pattern of Residential Carbon Dioxide Emissions in a Rapidly Urbanizing Chinese City and Its Mismatch Effect. Sustainability 2018, 10, 827 .
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu, Changhong Miao, Chuanrong Zhang, Yaoping Cui, Jincai Zhao. Spatial Pattern of Residential Carbon Dioxide Emissions in a Rapidly Urbanizing Chinese City and Its Mismatch Effect. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu; Changhong Miao; Chuanrong Zhang; Yaoping Cui; Jincai Zhao. 2018. "Spatial Pattern of Residential Carbon Dioxide Emissions in a Rapidly Urbanizing Chinese City and Its Mismatch Effect." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 827.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu; Zhong Huang; Quntao Yang. Carbon, soil, and ecological benefits of REDD+ policies in Southwest China. ScienceAsia 2016, 42, 1 .
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu, Zhong Huang, Quntao Yang. Carbon, soil, and ecological benefits of REDD+ policies in Southwest China. ScienceAsia. 2016; 42 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu; Zhong Huang; Quntao Yang. 2016. "Carbon, soil, and ecological benefits of REDD+ policies in Southwest China." ScienceAsia 42, no. 1: 1.
The REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) mechanism allows carbon sinks to be used as carbon credits in order to offset emissions from other sources. However, this practice has raised a number of issues relating to financial incentives. In this study, we develop a spatially explicit model for predicting carbon emissions from deforestation that meet baseline levels as well as farmers’ opportunity costs (measured in US dollars per ton of CO2e) under three temporal scenarios with several potential discount rates for agricultural income. Additionally, we use two different accounting methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), including the average storage method and the “ton-year approach,” to evaluate emissions reductions. We find that farmers are more likely to prefer REDD in the short-run when discount rates are higher than 10%. However, further analysis indicates that opportunity costs would increase significantly over longer periods of time (middle-term schemes of 35 years or long-term schemes of 55 years), thereby dissuading farmers from choosing REDD. Our findings highlight the drawbacks in using REDD to mitigate global climate change and conserve forests based on farmers’ financial incentives.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu. Opportunity Costs of Carbon Emissions Stemming from Changes in Land Use. Sustainability 2015, 7, 3665 -3682.
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu. Opportunity Costs of Carbon Emissions Stemming from Changes in Land Use. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (4):3665-3682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu. 2015. "Opportunity Costs of Carbon Emissions Stemming from Changes in Land Use." Sustainability 7, no. 4: 3665-3682.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu. Spatial effects of carbon dioxide emissions from residential energy consumption: A county-level study using enhanced nocturnal lighting. Applied Energy 2014, 131, 297 -306.
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu. Spatial effects of carbon dioxide emissions from residential energy consumption: A county-level study using enhanced nocturnal lighting. Applied Energy. 2014; 131 ():297-306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu. 2014. "Spatial effects of carbon dioxide emissions from residential energy consumption: A county-level study using enhanced nocturnal lighting." Applied Energy 131, no. : 297-306.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and enhancing “removals of greenhouse gas emissions by forests” in developing countries through positive incentives is regarded as an essential component of the post-2012 climate regime for stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions and an important way of engaging developing countries in global mitigation efforts. We aimed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of REDD+ by integrating it into a land use option framework. One of our goals was to develop scenarios for evaluating the impacts of land use changes on carbon and environmental processes. In addition, we aimed to quantify the potential economic benefits to society of compensated reductions and to identify hotspots for applying REDD+. Three land use change scenarios were examined: (I) business as usual (BAU), (II) economic development, and (III) REDD+. A case study in Indonesia was examined using these land use scenarios and policy interventions, evaluating their effects on carbon emissions, socioeconomics, and environmental features of a spatial system using land use models. Significant emissions and water erosion reductions were predicted to be achieved under the REDD+ scenario, due to reduced deforestation of 0.14 Mt CO2e reduction was predicted relative to the BAU scenario. Furthermore, the spatial land use model indicated that REDD+ payments of forest carbon credits in the compliance market would play a key role in compensating rural communities and plantation companies for their opportunity cost in ending deforestation. This study provides an example of integrating land use modeling with a scenario analysis framework to evaluate plausible future forecasts and to evaluate the potential impacts of REDD+.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu. Modeling the impacts of policy interventions from REDD+ in Southeast Asia: A case study in Indonesia. Science China Earth Sciences 2014, 57, 2374 -2385.
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu. Modeling the impacts of policy interventions from REDD+ in Southeast Asia: A case study in Indonesia. Science China Earth Sciences. 2014; 57 (10):2374-2385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu. 2014. "Modeling the impacts of policy interventions from REDD+ in Southeast Asia: A case study in Indonesia." Science China Earth Sciences 57, no. 10: 2374-2385.
We analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and precipitation in China’s Yellow River Region between 1960 and 2001 by compiling meteorological data using anomalies, climate trend rate, linear regression, trend analysis, spline functions, and other methods. The results show that the average temperatures in the Region have an upward trend at a rate of 0.19°C every 10 years. There are no significant changes in the Region’s summers, but the winters have become visibly warmer, with the temperatures significantly increasing from the 1980s. The average annual precipitation rate has shown a downwards trend at a rate of −11.7 mm every 10 years. Even though the precipitation rate shows variations, the amount of precipitation is inconsistent with the most significant decrease in precipitation rates being seen during summer followed by autumn, while the rates actually slightly increased during spring and winter. Over the 42 years, the Region as a whole showed a trend of climate warming and drying with 77% of the total sites studied showing these combined trends. Before the 1980s, mainly a drying and cooling trend was observed. In the mid-to-late 80s the temperatures rose, resulting in the change to a warming and drying trend.
Heli Lu; Wenlong Jing; Jincai Zhao; Xiaojing Liu; Zhong Huang. Characteristics of the Temporal Variation in Temperature and Precipitation in China’s Lower Yellow River Region. Advances in Meteorology 2014, 2014, 1 -15.
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Wenlong Jing, Jincai Zhao, Xiaojing Liu, Zhong Huang. Characteristics of the Temporal Variation in Temperature and Precipitation in China’s Lower Yellow River Region. Advances in Meteorology. 2014; 2014 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Wenlong Jing; Jincai Zhao; Xiaojing Liu; Zhong Huang. 2014. "Characteristics of the Temporal Variation in Temperature and Precipitation in China’s Lower Yellow River Region." Advances in Meteorology 2014, no. 1: 1-15.
Like urban heat islands (UHI), human-induced land degradation (HLD) is a phenomenon attributed to human activities, but this phenomenon occurs in non-urban areas. Although a large body of work has demonstrated that land-cover change influences local climate systems, little work has been done on separating the impact of HLD from naturally-occurring fluctuations in very high-altitude areas. We developed an innovative NDVI-difference method in order to evaluate HLD effects upon the climate system in the central Tibet Plateau. The results show that the minimum temperature increased at a significantly faster pace than the maximum temperature in the growing season at HLD meteorological stations, but this was reversed at stations with natural forces only. Further analysis revealed that abrupt changes of minimum temperature occurred five years earlier and amplitudes of these changes were 1.4 times larger than at stations with natural forces only. Therefore, our results complement other evidence that points to the fact that local effects from UHI contribute to climatic asymmetry observed between minimum and maximum temperature trends. Accordingly, we stress the need for consideration of non-urban factors from anthropogenic activities, such as human-induced land degradation, in understanding these asymmetric diurnal changes.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu. Recent Observations of Human-induced Asymmetric Effects on Climate in Very High-Altitude Area. PLOS ONE 2014, 9, e81535 .
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu. Recent Observations of Human-induced Asymmetric Effects on Climate in Very High-Altitude Area. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9 (1):e81535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu. 2014. "Recent Observations of Human-induced Asymmetric Effects on Climate in Very High-Altitude Area." PLOS ONE 9, no. 1: e81535.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu. Distributed land use modeling and sensitivity analysis for REDD+. Land Use Policy 2013, 33, 54 -60.
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu. Distributed land use modeling and sensitivity analysis for REDD+. Land Use Policy. 2013; 33 ():54-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu. 2013. "Distributed land use modeling and sensitivity analysis for REDD+." Land Use Policy 33, no. : 54-60.
Land use/land cover change (LUCC) caused by human beings is the main source of the increases of CO2 in the atmosphere. Land resource is not only the natural carrier of carbon emission of land ecosystems, but also the spatial carrier of carbon emission from human society. Human activity and its carbon emission intension have a very close relationship with the land use pattern, exploration on the low-carbon oriented land use scope, and land use structure can effectively reduce the rate of carbon emission, and also provides consults to low-carbon oriented land use planning. This paper presents a multi-objective land use optimization model based on low-carbon development. Carbon emission, economic benefit objectives, and constraint conditions are integrated into the multi-objectives optimization model of land use, and the model was solved with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). And through providing weight coefficients to the objective functions, land use patterns in three scenarios (low-carbon, mid-carbon, high-carbon) were obtained.
Wenlong Jing; Heli Lu; Yaochen Qin; Chao Sun; Lin Jiang; Jincai Zhao. Multi-objective land use optimization based on low-carbon development using NSGA-II. 2013 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics 2013, 1 -5.
AMA StyleWenlong Jing, Heli Lu, Yaochen Qin, Chao Sun, Lin Jiang, Jincai Zhao. Multi-objective land use optimization based on low-carbon development using NSGA-II. 2013 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics. 2013; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenlong Jing; Heli Lu; Yaochen Qin; Chao Sun; Lin Jiang; Jincai Zhao. 2013. "Multi-objective land use optimization based on low-carbon development using NSGA-II." 2013 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics , no. : 1-5.
Estimating carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation requires the expertise of forestry science, ecological modeling, statistics, remote sensing, and field measurement. In particular, remote sensing technology is capable of measurements of carbon contents of forest types, if supported by field information such as sample plots to calibrate the technology. In this paper current remote sensing options for monitoring carbon emissions were presented. We concluded that the combined application of optical and microwave remote sensing data is expected to provide an opportunity to estimate emissions both on a global scale and specifically in places where existing information is not reliable or consistent by overcoming their own current disadvantages.
Heli Lu; Guifang Liu; Jincai Zhao; Lin Jiang. Current remote sensing options for monitoring carbon emissions. 2013 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics 2013, 1 -4.
AMA StyleHeli Lu, Guifang Liu, Jincai Zhao, Lin Jiang. Current remote sensing options for monitoring carbon emissions. 2013 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics. 2013; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeli Lu; Guifang Liu; Jincai Zhao; Lin Jiang. 2013. "Current remote sensing options for monitoring carbon emissions." 2013 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics , no. : 1-4.