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Taking into account the restricted ability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to generate energy, it is compulsory to present techniques, in which an efficient operating power can be achieved. In many applications, the PEMFC is usually coupled with a high step-up DC-DC power converter which not only provides efficient power conversion, but also offers highly regulated output voltage. Due to the no-linearity of the PEMFC power systems, the application of conventional linear controllers such as proportional-integral (PI) did not succeed to drive the system to operate precisely in an adequate power point. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust non-linear integral fast terminal sliding mode control (IFTSMC) aiming to improve the power quality generated by the PEMFC; besides, a digital filter is designed and implemented to smooth the signals from the chattering effect of the IFTSMC. The stability proof of the IFTSMC is demonstrated via Lyapunov analysis. The proposed control scheme is designed for an experimental closed-loop system which consisted of a Heliocentric hy-Expert™ FC-50W, MicroLabBox dSPACE DS1202, step-up DC-DC power converter and programmable DC power supplies. Comparative results with the PI controller indicate that a reduction of 96 % in the response time could be achieved using the suggested algorithm; where, up to more than 91 % of the chattering phenomenon could be eliminated via the application of the digital filter.
Mohammed Silaa; Mohamed Derbeli; Oscar Barambones; Cristian Napole; Ali Cheknane; José Gonzalez de Durana. An Efficient and Robust Current Control for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Power System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2360 .
AMA StyleMohammed Silaa, Mohamed Derbeli, Oscar Barambones, Cristian Napole, Ali Cheknane, José Gonzalez de Durana. An Efficient and Robust Current Control for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Power System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Silaa; Mohamed Derbeli; Oscar Barambones; Cristian Napole; Ali Cheknane; José Gonzalez de Durana. 2021. "An Efficient and Robust Current Control for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Power System." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2360.
Piezoelectric actuators (PEA) are frequently employed in applications where nano-Micr-odisplacement is required because of their high-precision performance. However, the positioning is affected substantially by the hysteresis which resembles in an nonlinear effect. In addition, hysteresis mathematical models own deficiencies that can influence on the reference following performance. The objective of this study was to enhance the tracking accuracy of a commercial PEA stack actuator with the implementation of a novel approach which consists in the use of a Super-Twisting Algorithm (STA) combined with artificial neural networks (ANN). A Lyapunov stability proof is bestowed to explain the theoretical solution. Experimental results of the proposed method were compared with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The outcomes in a real PEA reported that the novel structure is stable as it was proved theoretically, and the experiments provided a significant error reduction in contrast with the PID.
Cristian Napole; Oscar Barambones; Mohamed Derbeli; Isidro Calvo; Mohammed Silaa; Javier Velasco. High-Performance Tracking for Piezoelectric Actuators Using Super-Twisting Algorithm Based on Artificial Neural Networks. Mathematics 2021, 9, 244 .
AMA StyleCristian Napole, Oscar Barambones, Mohamed Derbeli, Isidro Calvo, Mohammed Silaa, Javier Velasco. High-Performance Tracking for Piezoelectric Actuators Using Super-Twisting Algorithm Based on Artificial Neural Networks. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (3):244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Napole; Oscar Barambones; Mohamed Derbeli; Isidro Calvo; Mohammed Silaa; Javier Velasco. 2021. "High-Performance Tracking for Piezoelectric Actuators Using Super-Twisting Algorithm Based on Artificial Neural Networks." Mathematics 9, no. 3: 244.
Piezoelectric Actuators (PEAs) are devices that can support large actuation forces compared to their small size and are widely used in high-precision applications where micro- and nano-positioning are required. Nonetheless, these actuators have undeniable non-linearities, the well-known ones being creep, vibration dynamics, and hysteresis. The latter originate from a combination of mechanical strain and electric field action; as a consequence, these can affect the PEA tracking performance and even reach instability. The scope of this paper is to reduce the hysteresis effect using and comparing different control strategies like feedback with a Feed-Forward (FF) structure, which is often used to compensate the non-linearities and diminish the errors due to uncertainties. In this research, black-box models are analyzed; subsequently, a classic feedback control like Proportional-Integral (PI) control is combined with the FF methods proposed separately and embedded into a dSpace platform to perform real-time experiments. Results are analyzed in-depth in terms of the error, the control signal, and the Integral of the Absolute Error (IAE). It is found that with the proposed methods, the hysteresis effect could be diminished to acceptable ranges for high-precision tracking with a satisfactory control signal.
Cristian Napole; Oscar Barambones; Mohamed Derbeli; Mohammed Silaa; Isidro Calvo; Javier Velasco. Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuators with Advanced Feed-Forward Compensation Combined with PI Control. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 2020, 64, 29 .
AMA StyleCristian Napole, Oscar Barambones, Mohamed Derbeli, Mohammed Silaa, Isidro Calvo, Javier Velasco. Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuators with Advanced Feed-Forward Compensation Combined with PI Control. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications. 2020; 64 (1):29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Napole; Oscar Barambones; Mohamed Derbeli; Mohammed Silaa; Isidro Calvo; Javier Velasco. 2020. "Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuators with Advanced Feed-Forward Compensation Combined with PI Control." Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 64, no. 1: 29.
Piezoelectric actuators (PEA) are devices that are used for nano- microdisplacement due to their high precision, but one of the major issues is the non-linearity phenomena caused by the hysteresis effect, which diminishes the positioning performance. This study presents a novel control structure in order to reduce the hysteresis effect and increase the PEA performance by using a fuzzy logic control (FLC) combined with a Hammerstein–Wiener (HW) black-box mapping as a feedforward (FF) compensation. In this research, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) was contrasted with an FLC. From this comparison, the most accurate was taken and tested with a complex structure with HW-FF to verify the accuracy with the increment of complexity. All of the structures were implemented in a dSpace platform to control a commercial Thorlabs PEA. The tests have shown that an FLC combined with HW was the most accurate, since the FF compensate the hysteresis and the FLC reduced the errors; the integral of the absolute error (IAE), the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and relative root-mean-square-error (RRMSE) for this case were reduced by several magnitude orders when compared to the feedback structures. As a conclusion, a complex structure with a novel combination of FLC and HW-FF provided an increment in the accuracy for a high-precision PEA.
Cristian Napole; Oscar Barambones; Isidro Calvo; Mohamed Derbeli; Mohammed Silaa; Javier Velasco. Advances in Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuators Using Fuzzy Logic and Hammerstein-Wiener Compensation. Mathematics 2020, 8, 2071 .
AMA StyleCristian Napole, Oscar Barambones, Isidro Calvo, Mohamed Derbeli, Mohammed Silaa, Javier Velasco. Advances in Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuators Using Fuzzy Logic and Hammerstein-Wiener Compensation. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (11):2071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristian Napole; Oscar Barambones; Isidro Calvo; Mohamed Derbeli; Mohammed Silaa; Javier Velasco. 2020. "Advances in Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuators Using Fuzzy Logic and Hammerstein-Wiener Compensation." Mathematics 8, no. 11: 2071.
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells demonstrate potential as a comprehensive and general alternative to fossil fuel. They are also considered to be the energy source of the twenty-first century. However, fuel cell systems have non-linear output characteristics because of their input variations, which causes a significant loss in the overall system output. Thus, aiming to optimize their outputs, fuel cells are usually coupled with a controlled electronic actuator (DC-DC boost converter) that offers highly regulated output voltage. High-order sliding mode (HOSM) control has been effectively used for power electronic converters due to its high tracking accuracy, design simplicity, and robustness. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on a combination of reference current estimator (RCE) and high-order prescribed convergence law (HO-PCL) for a PEM fuel cell power system. The proposed MPPT method is implemented practically on a hardware 360W FC-42/HLC evaluation kit. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the success of the proposed method in extracting the maximum power from the fuel cell with high tracking performance.
Mohamed Derbeli; Oscar Barambones; Mohammed Silaa; Cristian Napole. Real-Time Implementation of a New MPPT Control Method for a DC-DC Boost Converter Used in a PEM Fuel Cell Power System. Actuators 2020, 9, 105 .
AMA StyleMohamed Derbeli, Oscar Barambones, Mohammed Silaa, Cristian Napole. Real-Time Implementation of a New MPPT Control Method for a DC-DC Boost Converter Used in a PEM Fuel Cell Power System. Actuators. 2020; 9 (4):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Derbeli; Oscar Barambones; Mohammed Silaa; Cristian Napole. 2020. "Real-Time Implementation of a New MPPT Control Method for a DC-DC Boost Converter Used in a PEM Fuel Cell Power System." Actuators 9, no. 4: 105.
Fuel cells are considered as one of the most promising methods to produce electrical energy due to its high-efficiency level that reaches up to 50%, as well as high reliability with no polluting effects. However, scientists and researchers are interested more in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Thus, it has been considered as an ideal solution to many engineering applications. The main aim of this work is to keep the PEMFC operating at an adequate power point. To this end, conventional first-order sliding mode control (SMC) is used. However, the chattering phenomenon, which is caused by the SMC leads to a low control accuracy and heat loss in the energy circuits. In order to overcome these drawbacks, quasi-continuous high order sliding mode control (QC-HOSM) is proposed so as to improve the power quality and performance. The control stability is proven via the Lyapunov theory. The closed-loop system consists of a PEM fuel cell, a step-up converter, a DSPACE DS1104, SMC and QC-HOSM algorithms and a variable load resistance. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, experimental results are compared with the conventional SMC. The obtained results show that a chattering reduction of 84% could be achieved using the proposed method.
Mohammed Yousri Silaa; Mohamed Derbeli; Oscar Barambones; Ali Cheknane. Design and Implementation of High Order Sliding Mode Control for PEMFC Power System. Energies 2020, 13, 4317 .
AMA StyleMohammed Yousri Silaa, Mohamed Derbeli, Oscar Barambones, Ali Cheknane. Design and Implementation of High Order Sliding Mode Control for PEMFC Power System. Energies. 2020; 13 (17):4317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Yousri Silaa; Mohamed Derbeli; Oscar Barambones; Ali Cheknane. 2020. "Design and Implementation of High Order Sliding Mode Control for PEMFC Power System." Energies 13, no. 17: 4317.