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Dr. Toni Kekez
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, University of Split, Croatia

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0 Water
0 water resources management
0 wastewater management
0 water and Environment
0 Flood Risk Assessment and Management

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Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Water
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The vertical distribution of chlorophyll in coastal waters is influenced by a combination of the hydrodynamic environment and different biotic and abiotic processes. The spatial and temporal occurrences of chlorophyll profiles provide a good representation of the changes in the marine environment. The majority of studies in the Adriatic Sea have so far been conducted in areas unaffected by anthropogenic pressure. Our study site is located near two marine outfalls, which are part of the public sewage system. This study aims to characterize the chlorophyll vertical distribution and describe its variability based on the stratification conditions and the presence of a wastewater effluent plume. Based on these conditions, we identified three characteristic scenarios/types of chlorophyll profiles. The first one occurs when the vertical mixing of the water column creates the upwelling of chlorophyll and nutrients to the upper part of the water column. The second and third scenarios occur during stratified conditions and differ by the extent of the effluent plume intrusion. Using modern fluorescence techniques, we identified and described three different vertical chlorophyll profiles, characterizing them according to their physical and biological parameters and processes. For cases with a visible effluent intrusion, we confirmed the importance of the pycnocline formation in keeping the effluent below and maintaining the higher water quality status at the top of the water column.

ACS Style

Marija Kvesić; Marin Vojković; Toni Kekez; Ana Maravić; Roko Andričević. Spatial and Temporal Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll in Relation to Submarine Wastewater Effluent Discharges. Water 2021, 13, 2016 .

AMA Style

Marija Kvesić, Marin Vojković, Toni Kekez, Ana Maravić, Roko Andričević. Spatial and Temporal Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll in Relation to Submarine Wastewater Effluent Discharges. Water. 2021; 13 (15):2016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marija Kvesić; Marin Vojković; Toni Kekez; Ana Maravić; Roko Andričević. 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll in Relation to Submarine Wastewater Effluent Discharges." Water 13, no. 15: 2016.

Dissertation
Published: 12 April 2021
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Many river basins are experiencing frequent flooding events with significant economic and other losses due to intensive precipitation as well as other atmospheric and hydrological conditions. European Flood Directive defined flood risk as a combination of flooding probability and possible adverse consequences on people, assets, cultural heritage and environment. Flood risk management considers implementation of different measures for mitigation and prevention of possible negative consequences related to flooding. Uncertainty can strongly affect the flood risk management process, especially near and during the flood event. A framework is proposed for implementation of uncertainty related to behavior of the endangered system in the flood risk assessment, in order to improve the decision-making process during the flood emergency response. The proposed framework is validated on the City of Slavonski Brod pilot site, where the results demonstrated that there is a significant flood hazard still present due to possible weir failure, despite the improvement of flood defense measures. Furthermore, the results demonstrated how flood risk value can significantly decrease by properly evacuating the affected population. Flood risk management on a strategic level requires a monetary quantification of possible flood risk, which is performed by calculating expected annual damage (EAD) based on the combination of flooding event probability and corresponding damages. A semi-analytic methodology is presented for estimation of expected annual damage based on the factor graph model, which enables integration of entire probability space as well as flexibility in defining input data. Furthermore, a novel approach is presented for definition of annual damage distribution based on first and second statistical moment and by employing Beta distribution. By analyzing the annual damage distribution as well as impact of different sources of uncertainty, the results demonstrated that there is a significant impact of extreme events with low occurrence probability on the expected annual damage.

ACS Style

Toni Kekez. Procjena poplavnog rizika s utjecajem nesigurnosti. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Toni Kekez. Procjena poplavnog rizika s utjecajem nesigurnosti. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toni Kekez. 2021. "Procjena poplavnog rizika s utjecajem nesigurnosti." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Marine transportation is considered to be one of the most important aspects of global transportation services. Due to the increase in marine transportation, there are significant impacts on the marine environment. One of the possible measures for mitigation of the environmental impact could be switching to environmentally friendly fuel. However, the alternative fuel selection process is considered to be a problem due to various criteria to be considered and stakeholders that should be involved in the selection process. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of multicriteria analysis as a decision-support tool for the alternative marine fuel selection problem in coastal marine traffic. The suggested methodology takes into account environmental, technological, and economic aspects, and ensures the participation of different stakeholders in the selection process. The priority ranking of the alternatives is based on a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). The implementation of this method considers the involvement of relevant stakeholders through evaluation of the criteria weights and performance of each alternative with respect to each criterion. The method is applied for the case study of Croatia, where the results demonstrated that the best alternative for all stakeholders is electric propulsion, even though there are differences in opinions and perceptions with respect to the objectives and criteria. The findings of this analysis, likely the first of this type in this area, can serve as a solid basis for strategic planning.

ACS Style

Nikola Mandić; Helena Ukić Boljat; Toni Kekez; Lidija Luttenberger. Multicriteria Analysis of Alternative Marine Fuels in Sustainable Coastal Marine Traffic. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2600 .

AMA Style

Nikola Mandić, Helena Ukić Boljat, Toni Kekez, Lidija Luttenberger. Multicriteria Analysis of Alternative Marine Fuels in Sustainable Coastal Marine Traffic. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (6):2600.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikola Mandić; Helena Ukić Boljat; Toni Kekez; Lidija Luttenberger. 2021. "Multicriteria Analysis of Alternative Marine Fuels in Sustainable Coastal Marine Traffic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6: 2600.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2020 in Water
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This paper proposes a framework for evaluation of the sources of uncertainty that can disrupt the flood emergency response process. During the flood response, flood emergency managers usually choose between several decision options under limited available lead-time, but they are often compelled with different sources of uncertainty. These sources can significantly affect the quality of decisions related to adequate response and rapid recovery of the affected system. The proposed framework considers efficient identification, integration, and quantification of system uncertainties related to the flood risk. Uncertainty analysis is performed from a decision-maker’s perspective and focused on the time period near and during the flood event. The major scope of proposed framework is to recognize and characterize sources of uncertainty which can potentially appear within the behavior of the observed system. Using a Bayesian network approach, a model is developed capable for quantification of different sources uncertainty in respect to their particular type. The proposed approach is validated on the Sava River case study, in the area of the city of Slavonski Brod, following the destructive 2014 flood event. The results indicate that, despite improvements of structural measures, the weir failure can still cause flooding of the approximately 1 km2 of otherwise safe area, resulting in the increased flood risk.

ACS Style

Toni Kekez; Snježana Knezić; Roko Andričević. Incorporating Uncertainty of the System Behavior in Flood Risk Assessment—Sava River Case Study. Water 2020, 12, 2676 .

AMA Style

Toni Kekez, Snježana Knezić, Roko Andričević. Incorporating Uncertainty of the System Behavior in Flood Risk Assessment—Sava River Case Study. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toni Kekez; Snježana Knezić; Roko Andričević. 2020. "Incorporating Uncertainty of the System Behavior in Flood Risk Assessment—Sava River Case Study." Water 12, no. 10: 2676.