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Ms. Elizabeth Nathania Witanto
Dongseo University

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Network Security
0 Blockchain
0 Ethereum
0 Internet Of Things (IoT)
0 Blockchain-Based Systems

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Short Biography

Currently, take a Ph.D. degree at Dongseo University. I received my BCS degree from the Department of Informatics Engineering, Petra Christian University, Indonesia in 2015, and my master degree from the Graduate School of Computer Engineering, Dongseo University, South Korea, in 2020. My research interests are focused on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain.

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Journal article
Published: 28 March 2021 in IoT
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Since the inception of the Internet of Things (IoT), we have adopted centralized architecture for decades. With the vastly growing number of IoT devices and gateways, this architecture struggles to cope with the high demands of state-of-the-art IoT services, which require scalable and responsive infrastructure. In response, decentralization becomes a considerable interest among IoT adopters. Following a similar trajectory, this paper introduces an IoT architecture re-work that enables three spheres of IoT workflows (i.e., computing, storage, and networking) to be run in a distributed manner. In particular, we employ the blockchain and smart contract to provide a secure computing platform. The distributed storage network maintains the saving of IoT raw data and application data. The software-defined networking (SDN) controllers and SDN switches exist in the architecture to provide connectivity across multiple IoT domains. We envision all of those services in the form of separate yet integrated peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks, which IoT actors such as IoT domain owners, IoT users, Internet Service Provider (ISP), and government can cultivate. We also present several IoT workflow examples showing how IoT developers can adapt to this new proposed architecture. Based on the presented workflows, the IoT computing can be performed in a trusted and privacy-preserving manner, the IoT storage can be made robust and verifiable, and finally, we can react to the network events automatically and quickly. Our discussions in this paper can be beneficial for many people ranging from academia, industries, and investors that are interested in the future of IoT in general.

ACS Style

Yustus Oktian; Elizabeth Witanto; Sang-Gon Lee. A Conceptual Architecture in Decentralizing Computing, Storage, and Networking Aspect of IoT Infrastructure. IoT 2021, 2, 205 -221.

AMA Style

Yustus Oktian, Elizabeth Witanto, Sang-Gon Lee. A Conceptual Architecture in Decentralizing Computing, Storage, and Networking Aspect of IoT Infrastructure. IoT. 2021; 2 (2):205-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yustus Oktian; Elizabeth Witanto; Sang-Gon Lee. 2021. "A Conceptual Architecture in Decentralizing Computing, Storage, and Networking Aspect of IoT Infrastructure." IoT 2, no. 2: 205-221.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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As the usage growth rate of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is increasing, various issues related to these devices need attention. One of them is the distribution of the IoT firmware update. The IoT devices’ software development does not end when the manufacturer sells the devices to the market. It still needs to be kept updated to prevent cyber-attacks. The commonly used firmware update process, over-the-air (OTA), mostly happens in a centralized way, in which the IoT devices directly download the firmware update from the manufacturer’s server. This central architecture makes the manufacturer’s server vulnerable to single-point-of-failure and latency issues that can delay critical patches from being applied to vulnerable devices. The Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) is one organization contributing to providing interoperability services for IoT devices. In one of their subject areas, they provide a firmware update protocol for IoT devices. However, their firmware update process does not ensure the integrity and security of the patches. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based OCF firmware update for IoT devices. Specifically, we introduce two types of firmware update protocol, direct and peer-to-peer updates, integrated into OCF firmware update specifications. In the direct scenario, the device, through the IoT gateway, can download the new firmware update from the manufacturer’s server. Meanwhile, in the peer-to-peer scheme, the device can query the update from the nearby gateways. We implemented our protocol using Raspberry Pi hardware and Ethereum-based blockchain with the smart contracts to record metadata of the manufacturer’s firmware updates. We evaluated the proposed system’s performance by measuring the average throughput, the latency, and the firmware update distribution’s duration. The analysis results indicate that our proposal can deliver firmware updates in a reasonable duration, with the peer-to-peer version having a faster completion time than the direct one.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Nathania Witanto; Yustus Eko Oktian; Sang-Gon Lee; Jin-Heung Lee. A Blockchain-Based OCF Firmware Update for IoT Devices. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6744 .

AMA Style

Elizabeth Nathania Witanto, Yustus Eko Oktian, Sang-Gon Lee, Jin-Heung Lee. A Blockchain-Based OCF Firmware Update for IoT Devices. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Nathania Witanto; Yustus Eko Oktian; Sang-Gon Lee; Jin-Heung Lee. 2020. "A Blockchain-Based OCF Firmware Update for IoT Devices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6744.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2019 in 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)
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As the IoT devices growth rate is increasing, various issues related to this device need attention. One of the problems is the distribution of the firmware update. Since the development of IoT devices does not stop when the manufacturer sells the devices to the distributor, retailer, and customer, it will need to keep updated. One of the reasons is to prevent cyber-attacks. The commonly used firmware update process is over-the-air (OTA). It is a centralized way and direct downloads from the manufacturer server. It is vulnerable to single-point-of-failure and can delay critical patches from being applied to vulnerable devices. The firmware update process also needs to make sure the integrity and security of the patches. Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) is one of the organizations that are contributing to providing interoperability for IoT devices. In this paper, we proposed blockchain-based OCF firmware updates. The blockchain technology and smart contract can protect the integrity and transparency of the firmware updates. Besides, it will prevent a single-point-of-failure if the adversary attacks the manufacturer by providing peer-to-peer firmware update.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Nathania Witanto; Yustus Eko Oktian; Sandra Kumi; Sang-Gon Lee. Blockchain-based OCF Firmware Update. 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) 2019, 1248 -1253.

AMA Style

Elizabeth Nathania Witanto, Yustus Eko Oktian, Sandra Kumi, Sang-Gon Lee. Blockchain-based OCF Firmware Update. 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). 2019; ():1248-1253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Nathania Witanto; Yustus Eko Oktian; Sandra Kumi; Sang-Gon Lee. 2019. "Blockchain-based OCF Firmware Update." 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) , no. : 1248-1253.