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Dr. José Gómez-Galán
Ana G. Méndez University, Cupey Campus, San Juan, PR 00926, USA

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Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The current health crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic increases the stress and anxiety levels in some professions, including social work. The present research aimed to determine the burnout levels of social workers in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic and the predictive variables. The methodological approach used was developed from a quantitative perspective through a simple random sampling from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) on a sample of Spanish social workers. The results showed high levels of emotional exhaustion (70.1%) and depersonalization (48.5%), although the data related to a reduced sense of personal accomplishment (36.6%) was low. The burnout level was 20.4%, a reduced record considering the values of the first two subscales. In contrast, the logistic regressions carried out showed that teleworking and psychological treatment are predictive variables of emotional exhaustion. With depersonalization, age (41–50 years) and the perception of needing psychological or psychiatric treatment in the future act as predictive variables. In critical scenarios such as a pandemic, work organizations should implement measures to reduce the high percentages of emotional exhaustion, the workload, and the dehumanization of professionals, a consequence linked to depersonalization.

ACS Style

José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán. Predictors of Burnout in Social Workers: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Scenario for Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5416 .

AMA Style

José Martínez-López, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Gómez-Galán. Predictors of Burnout in Social Workers: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Scenario for Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán. 2021. "Predictors of Burnout in Social Workers: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Scenario for Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5416.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2021 in Behavioral Sciences
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all social spaces, conditioning our daily routines, including those at work. All professions have been affected by stressful situations and anxiety in the proximity’s face of death generated by the pandemic. In this context, some professionals have emerged as essential, as social workers, acting in extreme situations in the face of increased demands and social uncertainty arising from the health crisis. The present study aimed to determine the levels of anxiety about death among social workers in Spain. For this purpose, an ad hoc questionnaire was designed, taking the Collett and Lester Fear of Death Scale as a reference (n = 304). The exploitation of the data was carried out from a quantitative perspective. First, a descriptive analysis was performed. Then, binary logistic regressions were carried out on the general scale. The dependent variable in all of them was the risk of suffering death anxiety to the set of its subscales. The main research results show high values of this anxiety in social workers concerning the general value of the scale—and the subscales—and the point of view of state and process. The highest values were Fear of Death of Others (81.6%) and Fear of the Process of Dying of Others (78.3%). Regarding the binary logistic regressions applied, predictor variables were identified in all of them, but the following stand out: Lack of personal protection equipment and Need psychological or psychiatric support. In addition, being a woman increases the risk of suffering Fear of the Dying Process of others.

ACS Style

José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán. Death Anxiety in Social Workers as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behavioral Sciences 2021, 11, 61 .

AMA Style

José Martínez-López, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Gómez-Galán. Death Anxiety in Social Workers as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behavioral Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):61.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán. 2021. "Death Anxiety in Social Workers as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 5: 61.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Revista de Educación a Distancia (RED)
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Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han revolucionado el mundo tal como lo conocíamos antes de su uso y aplicabilidad a la vida diaria. Este uso también se ha trasladado al campo educativo y ha transformado la forma en que se aprende y se enseña hoy. En medio de este panorama, los cursos abiertos masivos en línea emergen como una oportunidad disponible para que todos puedan aprender, lo que ha causado muchos cambios en el campo educativo. Este estudio se presenta como una investigación sobre prácticas universitarias innovadoras para analizar las ventajas y desventajas de estos MOOC en el entorno de la educación superior. Entre las principales ventajas analizadas, destacamos su gratuidad, el establecimiento de redes de colaboración y la flexibilidad horaria, mientras que entre las desventajas podemos destacar el abandono, que algunos cursos no están adaptados o disponibles para dispositivos fáciles o falta de seguimiento. La idea principal es que una vez que se conocen las ventajas y desventajas de los MOOC, se debe alentar a los primeros, dados los grandes beneficios que conllevan para la educación; y, a su vez, tratar de resolver las desventajas que se han visto que conducen al uso de MOOC, a fin de promover la efectividad de su uso. Information and communication technologies have revolutionized the world as we knew it before its use and applicability to daily life. This use has also moved to the educational field and has transformed the way it is learned and taught today. In the midst of this panorama, Massive Online Open Courses emerge as an opportunity available for everyone to learn, which has caused many changes in the educational field. This study is presented as an investigation into innovative university practices to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these MOOCs in the Higher Education environment. Among the main advantages analyzed, we highlight its gratuity, the establishment of collaboration networks and time flexibility, while among the disadvantages we can highlight the abandonment, that some courses are not adapted or available for easy devices or lack of follow-up. The main idea is that once the advantages and disadvantages of MOOCs are known, the former should be encouraged, given the great benefits they entail for education; and in turn try to solve the disadvantages that have been seen that lead to the use of MOOCs, in order to promote the effectiveness of their use.

ACS Style

Esteban Vázquez-Cano; Eloy López-Meneses; José Gómez-Galán; María Elena Parra-González. Prácticas universitarias innovadoras sobre las ventajas educativas y desventajas de los entornos MOOC. Revista de Educación a Distancia (RED) 2021, 21, 1 .

AMA Style

Esteban Vázquez-Cano, Eloy López-Meneses, José Gómez-Galán, María Elena Parra-González. Prácticas universitarias innovadoras sobre las ventajas educativas y desventajas de los entornos MOOC. Revista de Educación a Distancia (RED). 2021; 21 (66):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esteban Vázquez-Cano; Eloy López-Meneses; José Gómez-Galán; María Elena Parra-González. 2021. "Prácticas universitarias innovadoras sobre las ventajas educativas y desventajas de los entornos MOOC." Revista de Educación a Distancia (RED) 21, no. 66: 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The bullying phenomenon is both an uncomfortable reality and a serious social problem for educational community institutions. Its presence is incompatible with a healthy and sustainable education environment. The educational, psychological, and social consequences of bullying transcend the personal sphere and reach the family and work environment in adulthood. Traditionally, bullying has been studied in the compulsory educational stages. However, at present, this problem is also being addressed in higher education. The present research, which is of a transversal nature, aims to explore bullying in the Spanish university setting, along with its typology, scope, and predictive factors, from both socio-demographic and family perspectives. In this sense, we set ourselves the following objectives: (GO1) to see if university students are exposed to bullying, as well as to identify the profiles of the subjects of bullying from three dimensions (physical, relational, and verbal victimization) and (GO2) to determine whether there are trajectories of bullying in university students from the compulsory education stage to the present. Based on a descriptive quantitative methodology, this study was conducted in 10 Spanish universities. The research’s major results show that the persistence of bullying in university classrooms is of a relational and verbal nature, but is not physical. Victimization occurs mainly in women who carry out studies linked to social and legal sciences or art and the humanities. Additionally, it is observed that a spiral of relational violence is produced, perpetuating this type of aggression over time. Among other predictive factors in university students is that they have suffered relational violence during their compulsory education. These data should alert educational and health institutions about the persistence of bullying in university students to prevent it and to facilitate its early detection and treatment to eradicate this problem from higher education classrooms.

ACS Style

José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Martínez-López. Trajectories of Victimization and Bullying at University: Prevention for a Healthy and Sustainable Educational Environment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3426 .

AMA Style

José Gómez-Galán, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Martínez-López. Trajectories of Victimization and Bullying at University: Prevention for a Healthy and Sustainable Educational Environment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Martínez-López. 2021. "Trajectories of Victimization and Bullying at University: Prevention for a Healthy and Sustainable Educational Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3426.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Due to their continuous contact with pain and death, healthcare workers have one of the most stressful professions. Pain and death are more common in nursing homes. During the health crisis associated with COVID-19, these work centers have been characterized as spaces of high vulnerability to infection for the elderly, with a high mortality rate. This research aims to determine how the health crisis associated with COVID-19 has influenced healthcare professionals working in nursing homes for the elderly. Using a quantitative and cross-sectional method, the research was developed in residential centers in the Region of Murcia (Spain) during the second wave of the pandemic. A survey design based mainly on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was employed. MBI measures three subscales: emotional burnout, depersonalization, and self-fulfillment. The results show that 6.4% of the respondents were burned out, 53.8% of the participants were emotionally exhausted, 35.1% were found to suffer from depersonalization, and in the case of personal development, the respondents showed a low level of 15.6%. This study shows the need to consider the establishment, in the academic environment, of training programs for health professionals related to coping with, managing, and identifying stress, especially in adverse circumstances. Similarly, in the professional field, it is necessary to develop strategies to prevent stress and anxiety in the workplace. The development of training programs for this purpose is essential for achieving a sustainable work context.

ACS Style

José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán. Burnout among Direct-Care Workers in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Preventive and Educational Focus for Sustainable Workplaces. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2782 .

AMA Style

José Martínez-López, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Gómez-Galán. Burnout among Direct-Care Workers in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Preventive and Educational Focus for Sustainable Workplaces. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán. 2021. "Burnout among Direct-Care Workers in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Preventive and Educational Focus for Sustainable Workplaces." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2782.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Mathematics
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Remarkable changes have taken in social operation mode and consumers’ behavior mode because of the foot ban during the pandemic spread of COVID-19. Digital technologies such as Blockchain have shown potential in gaining competitive advantages for enterprises in such situations. This study aims to provide an insight into how to gain consumer loyalty through the use of modern and efficient Blockchain technology. In contrast to the current literature, this study combined the technology acceptance model of planned behavior theory, social exchange theory to explain the loyalty of an online travel agency (OTA) consumer. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from citizens in Hangzhou, a city full of technological innovation atmosphere. Using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS©, responses from 1403 citizens were analyzed. Social norm was discovered to have a positive and significant association with the consumers’ attitude toward technology and thus enhancing the perceived usability and hedonism of OTA application, which can increase consumer loyalty. The findings suggested OTAs may gain consumers’ loyalty through adopting Blockchain technology, and local governments have played a key role in creating such an environment. New technologies have become essential professional and social tools for society. The technological environment and Blockchain within the tourism sector are fundamental elements of China’s economic engine.

ACS Style

María Pérez-Sánchez; Zhuowei Tian; Almudena Barrientos-Báez; José Gómez-Galán; Hanliang Li. Blockchain Technology for Winning Consumer Loyalty: Social Norm Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling. Mathematics 2021, 9, 532 .

AMA Style

María Pérez-Sánchez, Zhuowei Tian, Almudena Barrientos-Báez, José Gómez-Galán, Hanliang Li. Blockchain Technology for Winning Consumer Loyalty: Social Norm Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (5):532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Pérez-Sánchez; Zhuowei Tian; Almudena Barrientos-Báez; José Gómez-Galán; Hanliang Li. 2021. "Blockchain Technology for Winning Consumer Loyalty: Social Norm Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling." Mathematics 9, no. 5: 532.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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The university is currently involved in complex processes of open innovation through permanent dialogue with institutions and companies in the economic, social, and political fields. Professors, researchers, students, and other members of the institution take part in these processes. This is a phenomenon that has emerged in today’s network society due to digitalization and globalization. It is therefore essential, in this context of open innovation, to know the behaviors, habits, consumption, or lifestyles of university staff and students to achieve, in the best and most effective way, integration of higher education in this new reality. How we interact and communicate with the surrounding people has transformed with wider access to the Internet and the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially through smartphones and the use of apps and social networks (WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, etc.). This digital revolution has reconfigured our interests, dispositions, and social participation. From the university field, knowing the interests of students who access the Internet is of vital importance to guide teaching methodologies, adapt content, facilitate communication processes, develop digital literacy practices, etc. The present research, focused on the Latin American sociocultural space, has a double objective: (GO1) to know which are the issues of most interest and consumption for university students; (GO2) to determine which issues they reject while they surf on the Internet. A quantitative research has been developed (n = 2482) based on the validated questionnaire COBADI®. The topics of greatest interest to the Latin American university students were, in this order: “use of social networks”, “news”, “music”, “education”, “work”, and “videos”. The fact that they put education in fourth place, as students, shows that it is not a high priority in their use of the network. On the opposite side, those that show more rejection are “celebrity journalism”, “online games”, and “pornography”. Among their topics of rejection is also “politics”, which is not prioritized by university students. These topics have been presented in different proportions according to the country analyzed, depending on their specific social and political circumstances, and have experienced a different evolution from 2012 to 2019—the time covered by the study.

ACS Style

José Gómez-Galán; José Ángel Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Carlos García-Cabrero. Open Innovation during Web Surfing: Topics of Interest and Rejection by Latin American College Students. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 17 .

AMA Style

José Gómez-Galán, José Ángel Martínez-López, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Carlos García-Cabrero. Open Innovation during Web Surfing: Topics of Interest and Rejection by Latin American College Students. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (1):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Gómez-Galán; José Ángel Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Carlos García-Cabrero. 2021. "Open Innovation during Web Surfing: Topics of Interest and Rejection by Latin American College Students." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1: 17.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Behavioral Sciences
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Numerous studies show that the family plays a crucial role not only in the education of children but also in the acquisition of skills in the process of teaching and formal learning, especially in their reading competence. Furthermore, within the family, studies point to the basic role of the mother as the main axis of both educational and social teaching. The approach of this research aims to analyze whether maternal habits can influence the reading competence of their children. On the other hand, numerous studies point to the relationship between reading skills and emotional intelligence. Its inclusion in the equation of this construct can give information that will nuance the learning process in this evolutionary process. Thus, in this research, the objective is to establish the existence of a relationship between maternal reading habits with respect to reading competence and emotional intelligence in post-adolescents. Four-hundred-twenty first-year university students participated between the ages of 18 and 20 (43.8% men and 56.2% women) from the Andalusian universities of Granada, Malaga, and Jaen, all of them located in areas of medium socio-cultural context. Moderate mediation and factorial ANCOVA analyses have been carried out. The results point to the fact that the profile of the post-adolescents with the best score in reading competence also scores better in emotional intelligence and their mothers are those who score highest in reading habits. Thus, the role of the mother within the family is even more important than it appears in a society that seeks parity. New forms of work–family conciliation are necessary in order not to break the mother–child bond.

ACS Style

Elena Jiménez-Pérez; Almudena Barrientos-Báez; David Caldevilla Domínguez; José Gómez-Galán. Influence of Mothers’ Habits on Reading Skills and Emotional Intelligence of University Students: Relationships in the Social and Educational Context. Behavioral Sciences 2020, 10, 187 .

AMA Style

Elena Jiménez-Pérez, Almudena Barrientos-Báez, David Caldevilla Domínguez, José Gómez-Galán. Influence of Mothers’ Habits on Reading Skills and Emotional Intelligence of University Students: Relationships in the Social and Educational Context. Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Jiménez-Pérez; Almudena Barrientos-Báez; David Caldevilla Domínguez; José Gómez-Galán. 2020. "Influence of Mothers’ Habits on Reading Skills and Emotional Intelligence of University Students: Relationships in the Social and Educational Context." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 12: 187.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Nutrients
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Unequal economic growth shapes food systems. Nutrition problems incorporate inappropriate practices, so nutrition education is key to empowering consumers to choose healthy foods. However, increasing the accessibility of healthy diets is related to reducing the cost of nutritious foods. The accounting management of healthy nutrition should allow for optimal global decision-making. The evolution of scientific production and global research trends on this topic between 1968 and 2019 have been studied. Statistical and mathematical methods have been applied to 1738 documents from the Scopus database. The results provided data on the agents that participate in the development of the theme. Data reveal an exponential trend, especially in the previous decade, with more than 50% of scientific production. Future lines of research have been identified: investment in health systems; green label education; early impact of food insecurity; WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) nutrition education; food waste audit; and ecological footprint of food. The central contribution of the study has been to detect the main future directions of research, providing critical points that will allow us to identify the themes of future publications, in addition to providing an instrument for decision-making carried out by the research funding sponsors.

ACS Style

Emilio Abad-Segura; Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar; José Gómez-Galán; César Bernal-Bravo. Management Accounting for Healthy Nutrition Education: Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3715 .

AMA Style

Emilio Abad-Segura, Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar, José Gómez-Galán, César Bernal-Bravo. Management Accounting for Healthy Nutrition Education: Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3715.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio Abad-Segura; Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar; José Gómez-Galán; César Bernal-Bravo. 2020. "Management Accounting for Healthy Nutrition Education: Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3715.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2020 in Psychology, Society & Education
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La inclusión de novedosas tecnologías digitales en el mundo universitario requiere el análisis de sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Tanto para su empleo didáctico en la búsqueda de alcanzar distintos objetivos formativos como para el desarrollo de competencias digitales en el alumnado es necesario establecer experiencias que nos permitan obtener información para su correcto uso. Es el objetivo principal de esta investigación, que se fundamenta en un trabajo de campo inmersivo con realidad aumentada (RA) que tuvo como muestra a estudiantes universitarios a lo largo de dos cursos académicos. La metodología empleada en este trabajo exploratorio es descriptiva y cualitativa, para el que se han usado diferentes aplicaciones de RA. Como resultado principal se ha podido determinar que la integración de estas apps contribuye de manera significativa a la mejora de la competencia digital de los estudiantes universitarios a la vez que potencia la motivación en el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, se presenta como inconveniente principal su escasa presencia en las aulas y la necesidad de una formación previa del profesorado en su correcto empleo.

ACS Style

Esteban Vázquez-Cano; José Gómez-Galán; Carmen Gloria Burgos-Videla; Eloy López-Meneses. Realidad Aumentada (RA) y Procesos Didácticos en la Universidad: Estudio Descriptivo de Nuevas Aplicaciones para el Desarrollo de Competencias Digitales. Psychology, Society & Education 2020, 12, 275 -290.

AMA Style

Esteban Vázquez-Cano, José Gómez-Galán, Carmen Gloria Burgos-Videla, Eloy López-Meneses. Realidad Aumentada (RA) y Procesos Didácticos en la Universidad: Estudio Descriptivo de Nuevas Aplicaciones para el Desarrollo de Competencias Digitales. Psychology, Society & Education. 2020; 12 (3):275-290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esteban Vázquez-Cano; José Gómez-Galán; Carmen Gloria Burgos-Videla; Eloy López-Meneses. 2020. "Realidad Aumentada (RA) y Procesos Didácticos en la Universidad: Estudio Descriptivo de Nuevas Aplicaciones para el Desarrollo de Competencias Digitales." Psychology, Society & Education 12, no. 3: 275-290.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, members of the State Security Forces and the Armed Forces have been mobilized to guarantee the security and mobility of the population and to support health institutions by providing personnel for care, creating field hospitals, transferring the sick and the dead, etc. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of burnout in these professionals using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale, both in its different subscales and its total value. The study was developed using a quantitative methodology through a simple random sample (n = 2182). An ad hoc questionnaire was administered including variables related to: (a) socio-demographic issues, (b) subjective perceptions about their working conditions and the need for psychological and psychiatric treatment, and (c) the Death Anxiety Scale developed by Collett–Lester, and the MBI. The results show high levels of burnout (28.5%) in all its subscales: emotional exhaustion (53.8%), depersonalization (58.0%), and lack of personal development (46.3%). The logistic regression verifies a series of predictive variables that coincide in each of the subscales. These data indicate the need to implement prevention and treatment measures for workers so that their, stress, and anxiety to which they are subjected during their professional activity does not become a norm that can have negative repercussions for them, especially given the risk of new pandemic waves.

ACS Style

José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; Jose Ángel Martínez-López; María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. Burnout in Spanish Security Forces during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8790 .

AMA Style

José Gómez-Galán, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, Jose Ángel Martínez-López, María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. Burnout in Spanish Security Forces during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (23):8790.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; Jose Ángel Martínez-López; María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. 2020. "Burnout in Spanish Security Forces during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8790.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Animals
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The study of human–animal interactions has become a prominent research field. The presence of pets in our daily lives has meant a change in the perception of our relationship with pets. One of the new lines of research that has opened up in this area analyzes the possible physical, emotional, and psychological benefits of a human–animal bond. In this context, two main objectives were pursued in this study, whose sample (N = 1436) was investigated in Puerto Rico: (PO1) determining the characteristics of the owners and the care of the pets within Puerto Rican society and (PO2) to analyzing the benefits of living with pets for health and personal well-being, especially at the psychological level. We sought to identify the feelings that arose in pet caretakers as a result of human–animal interactions. The methodology used, which was descriptive and not experimental, was based on a questionnaire of 86 questions with a Likert scale. After the descriptive analysis was undertaken through a frequency analysis, a binary logistic regression was carried out to establish whether the feelings and emotions of the subjects toward their companion pets were determined by sociodemographic variables and were related to the type of coexistence with their pets. The two main results from this study are as follows: for most owners, their pets are very important beings, and those who establish an emotional connection with their pets experience love, joy, and peace. Pets are part of human life through very intense relationships and interactions that, in most cases, increase personal welfare by providing improvements to the human–animal biopsychosocial system. In this sense, a relationship with a pet has a positive impact on the mental health of the owner. Pets are a part of our family lives and are regulators of the most elementary feelings and emotions in humans.

ACS Style

Ursula Aragunde-Kohl; José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López. Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico. Animals 2020, 10, 2136 .

AMA Style

Ursula Aragunde-Kohl, José Gómez-Galán, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Ángel Martínez-López. Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ursula Aragunde-Kohl; José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López. 2020. "Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico." Animals 10, no. 11: 2136.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The current educational processes must be supported by sustainable learning ecologies, where the digitalization of training is enhanced. In this area, augmented reality (AR) plays an important role. It is a technology that for certain educational goals can facilitate the understanding of the course contents and increase the motivation and interest of the student. This research aims to measure the socio-educational impact that AR presents in the teaching processes of university students of social education. These are professionals in training dedicated, precisely, to social and educational actions. In order to reach the pursued objective, an exploratory study of qualitative and descriptive nature was approached from a methodological conception based on the action-research. The study was carried out during three academic courses and consisted of an experience of integration of AR in the classroom in order to determine which applications, and advantages or limitations of a socio-educational nature, were perceived by the participants in that process. The documents generated were analyzed mainly using semantic methods. The main results were that AR is positive overall for its use in learning processes and, specifically in its field, optimal for the development of professional skills within the framework of social education. As to benefits, it highlighted the strengthening of learning dynamism, motivation, and interaction among students; as to limitations, these included the fact that it is not an accessible technology, the need for previous training and that it can reduce sociability. It was also stressed that it can be a useful resource in many areas of social education (childhood and adolescence, gerontology, drug addiction, etc.). In general, therefore, it can be concluded that the use of AR in university training, in this area of knowledge, allows content to be more dynamic and real in a sustainable way, thus achieving a highly transferable and motivating path to develop content and competencies.

ACS Style

José Gómez-Galán; Esteban Vázquez-Cano; Antonio Luque De La Rosa; Eloy López-Meneses. Socio-Educational Impact of Augmented Reality (AR) in Sustainable Learning Ecologies: A Semantic Modeling Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9116 .

AMA Style

José Gómez-Galán, Esteban Vázquez-Cano, Antonio Luque De La Rosa, Eloy López-Meneses. Socio-Educational Impact of Augmented Reality (AR) in Sustainable Learning Ecologies: A Semantic Modeling Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Gómez-Galán; Esteban Vázquez-Cano; Antonio Luque De La Rosa; Eloy López-Meneses. 2020. "Socio-Educational Impact of Augmented Reality (AR) in Sustainable Learning Ecologies: A Semantic Modeling Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9116.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2020 in Social Sciences
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Diverse studies have shown that a significant percentage of the Spanish university population suffers from different addictions. They are both a personal and public health problem if there is not a greater awareness of the risks involved and if the appropriate prevention measures are not taken, among them educational ones. In this context, a descriptive and explanatory cross-sectional study was conducted during the first half of June 2020, coinciding with the period of confinement that occurred in Spain during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that this is such an exceptional time, the main objective of this study was to obtain information especially on students’ substance consumption and possible addictions at this time. Knowing the specific situation of this problem in that specific situation may allow for comparative studies in the future. The sample was composed of 310 university students from 14 Spanish universities. The instrument used in the research was the ASSIST questionnaire, developed by the WHO for the detection of alcohol, tobacco, and substance consumption. As result, a moderate and high risk was observed mainly in the following substances: alcohol (36.2%), tobacco (33.2%), cannabis (22.9%), and sedatives (10.3%). Through the logistic regression of the set of drugs, it has been proven that, on the one hand, the addiction to cocaine and sedatives in the family environment and age, on the other hand, are the main predictive variables of drug consumption. The existence of polysubstance abuse was also determined. These data show the need for educational bodies and university institutions to promote awareness, sensitization, and health education programs to deal with this important problem, especially in extraordinary situations, such as the one referred to, which could increase this consumption.

ACS Style

Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López; José Gómez-Galán. Addictions in Spanish College Students in Confinement Times: Preventive and Social Perspective. Social Sciences 2020, 9, 195 .

AMA Style

Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Ángel Martínez-López, José Gómez-Galán. Addictions in Spanish College Students in Confinement Times: Preventive and Social Perspective. Social Sciences. 2020; 9 (11):195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López; José Gómez-Galán. 2020. "Addictions in Spanish College Students in Confinement Times: Preventive and Social Perspective." Social Sciences 9, no. 11: 195.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which produces COVID-19 disease, has revealed to political and social circles a series of needs that have not yet been met. The workers of the State Security Forces and the Armed Forces have done an extraordinary job to try to alleviate the effects that the pandemic has had on the population and to return stability to the citizenry as much as possible. In this context, the following investigation is developed based on two objectives: (PO1) to know the level of anxiety in the face of death in these professionals; (PO2) to determine the predictive variables in the above-mentioned phenomenon. Professionals from all over Spain have participated in the study (n = 2079). From a quantitative perspective, a questionnaire was developed from the Collet–Lester death anxiety scale. The results show a total level of 69.2% in the scale, as well as some higher levels about the fear of death of others (82.1%) and the fear of the process of dying of others (78.2%). On the other hand, from the binary logistic regressions, four variables are evidenced that condition the risk of suffering death anxiety: (a) certainty of needing psychological treatment in the future; (b) absence of Individual Protection Equipment (PPE); (c) high levels of Emotional Exhaustion; (d) high levels of depersonalization—these last two come from the Maslach and Jackson Burnout scale. These data show a need for training and intervention in the emotional and psychological demands of the professionals of the Armed Forces and State Security Forces, as well as the obligation to develop a continuous dialogue with the institutions they represent to foster the feeling of belonging to them. It is essential, regardless of the serious consequences that the virus has caused, to understand the psychosocial and emotional demands of enforcement agents and to improve their occupational health.

ACS Style

Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López; José Gómez-Galán; And María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7760 .

AMA Style

Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Ángel Martínez-López, José Gómez-Galán, And María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):7760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López; José Gómez-Galán; And María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. 2020. "COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7760.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Education Sciences
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Communication processes are part of human life. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and, especially, the use of smartphones have generated new forms of interaction and communication, both synchronous and asynchronous, in formal and informal spaces. One of the most used applications is WhatsApp, which allows the sending of text, documents, images, and emojis. It is important to study these new forms and languages of communication in higher education because any educational or training process is essentially communicative. This research was carried out using a mixed approach, with a nonexperimental, descriptive, and transversal design, using a technique of a survey made up of 30 items. It was applied to postgraduate university students to determine their use and value among people with a consolidated university academic career, which would allow us to determine the presence of these new languages in this context. The basic objectives were to identify the frequency of use of emojis through WhatsApp amongst Mexican graduate students and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of their use. The results confirmed the increase of emojis in conversations conducted by WhatsApp among fellow students. As positive elements, it was determined that they favor the development of a pleasant environment, confidence, and empathy, in addition to expressing emotions, feelings, and reactions. However, emojis also have drawbacks and disadvantages. Among them is the risk that they are misunderstood since their meaning is not shared, that they divert attention from a central idea, and, in general, that they sometimes have an addictive character that implies a waste of time in a study context, such as at the university. In conclusion, it can be argued that ICTs are profoundly transforming the processes of written communication in today’s society, including the university world. New languages that present intercultural, dynamic, dialectic, and ecosystemic alternatives to speech or writing have appeared. Emojis, in the context of higher education, would be an example of this trend.

ACS Style

María Guadalupe Veytia-Bucheli; José Gómez-Galán; Diego Vergara. Presence of New Forms of Intercultural Communication in Higher Education: Emojis and Social Interactions through WhatsApp among Graduate Students. Education Sciences 2020, 10, 295 .

AMA Style

María Guadalupe Veytia-Bucheli, José Gómez-Galán, Diego Vergara. Presence of New Forms of Intercultural Communication in Higher Education: Emojis and Social Interactions through WhatsApp among Graduate Students. Education Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Guadalupe Veytia-Bucheli; José Gómez-Galán; Diego Vergara. 2020. "Presence of New Forms of Intercultural Communication in Higher Education: Emojis and Social Interactions through WhatsApp among Graduate Students." Education Sciences 10, no. 11: 295.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the benefit of the environment favors the development of a sustainable education, which will help to train more responsible and aware students. The management of educational technology in the context of a sustainable higher education must achieve the internalization of ethics and the sustainable development of humanity. The main objective of this study is to, at a global level, examine the research during the period 2000–2019 on the management of ICTs for sustainable education in the context of higher education. Global research trends on this topic during the period 2000–2019 have been analyzed. Consequently, bibliometric techniques have been applied to a sample of 1814 articles selected from the Scopus database. The results provided data on the scientific productivity of the journal, authors, research institutions, and countries that contribute to the development of this topic. The evidence reveals an exponential trend, mainly in the last five years. In addition, current and future lines of research have been identified. Research at an international level presents a growing trend of publication that allows determination of the relevance of research on ICT management to achieve sustainable education in the context of higher education. This study makes it possible to establish the relationship between science, sustainability, and technology in higher education institutions, and to base the decision-making process for the driving agents of this area of knowledge.

ACS Style

Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar; Emilio Abad-Segura; Eloy López-Meneses; José Gómez-Galán. Managing ICT for Sustainable Education: Research Analysis in the Context of Higher Education. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8254 .

AMA Style

Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar, Emilio Abad-Segura, Eloy López-Meneses, José Gómez-Galán. Managing ICT for Sustainable Education: Research Analysis in the Context of Higher Education. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar; Emilio Abad-Segura; Eloy López-Meneses; José Gómez-Galán. 2020. "Managing ICT for Sustainable Education: Research Analysis in the Context of Higher Education." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8254.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Background: The health profession is a burnout producer due to the continuous contact with pain and suffering. In addition, excessive workloads can generate stress and psychological distress. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the degree of burnout and its main triggers in health professionals in Spain at the most critical period of the COVID-19 emergency. Method: A quantitative research was developed through a simple random sampling in different Spanish hospitals through the period of greatest impact of the pandemic (N = 157). Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire from Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) containing 22 items, which measures three subscales: emotional burnout, depersonalization, and self-fulfillment. Results: depersonalization values reached 38.9%. A total of 90.4% of the health professionals considered that psychological care should be provided from the work centers. Furthermore, 43.3% of the health professionals estimated that they might need psychological treatment in the future. Finally, 85.4% stated that the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) generated an increase in stress and anxiety. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the need to consider specific mental health care services and training in crises to avoid possible psychological disorders. The information obtained is also valuable for the development of future prevention protocols and training of health personnel to face pandemics of these characteristics or emergency scenarios. Having the necessary physical means for their protection, as well to updated regular and accurate information, is essential to avoid feelings of fear and uncertainty. This would promote the health of these professionals.

ACS Style

José Ángel Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán; María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Health Professionals: Burnout Incidence at the Most Critical Period in Spain. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 3029 .

AMA Style

José Ángel Martínez-López, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Gómez-Galán, María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Health Professionals: Burnout Incidence at the Most Critical Period in Spain. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (9):3029.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Ángel Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Gómez-Galán; María Del Mar Fernández-Martínez. 2020. "Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Health Professionals: Burnout Incidence at the Most Critical Period in Spain." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 3029.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2020 in Sustainability
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Within the framework of digital sustainability, the increase in Internet consumption, and especially online social networks, offers social benefits, but is not without its drawbacks. For example, it can lead to psychological and/or psychiatric disorders in some people. Numerous researches are highlighting the similarities of these addictions with the consumption of toxic substances. University students are heavy users of the Internet and, in certain situations, addiction to online social networks can be the result of depression, harassment, and anxiety, among others, affecting their daily life, including their academic responsibilities. In recent months, an anomaly has occurred that may have contributed to intensifying this problem, namely the confinement produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the whole world to a greater or lesser extent. In this cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and quantitative methodology, students from 14 Spanish universities were investigated in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to understand the effects of this situation on the problem described. The results show a high consumption of social networks during that time, with significant incidences of addiction. In parallel, the presence of comorbidity has been determined. In this scenario, it would be necessary to implement university educational programs to redirect these addictive behaviors, as well as preventative recommendations and actions to minimize negative impacts. This is a major problem that is growing, exacerbated by the global pandemic produced by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Situations of this gravity call for the development of preventive and educational measures for the responsible and sustainable use of ICT.

ACS Style

José Gómez-Galán; José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Sarasola Sánchez-Serrano. Social Networks Consumption and Addiction in College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Approach to Responsible Use. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7737 .

AMA Style

José Gómez-Galán, José Martínez-López, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Sarasola Sánchez-Serrano. Social Networks Consumption and Addiction in College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Approach to Responsible Use. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Gómez-Galán; José Martínez-López; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Sarasola Sánchez-Serrano. 2020. "Social Networks Consumption and Addiction in College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Approach to Responsible Use." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7737.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Education Sciences
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The main objective of this research is to establish the measurement of pre-service teachers on the MOOC phenomenon, one of the most important manifestations within the processes of on-line education that have emerged under the protection of the digital paradigm. The research methodology used was of an exploratory, qualitative, and descriptive nature. It falls within the generic scope of qualitative research methods of an ethnographic nature through the analysis of learning objects and interventions in the network. The sample (n = 218) was composed of students from the educational field, who took a subject focused on ICT applied to education, over several academic years. Using the edublog as a digital and documentary source, a total of 1962 frequencies were collected referring to the advantages (1052 frequencies) and limitations (910 frequencies) that they determined when carrying out these courses. As main results, it is worth mentioning that pre-service teachers consider MOOC courses valuable as teaching models in socio-educational contexts. They offer unquestionable advantages such as free of charge usage, training for disadvantaged groups, flexible hours, etc. However, their disadvantages are also important. For example, it is considered that these courses do not adequately follow up on the student, that the materials they offer are not very innovative, or also that the evaluation of the learning is inadequate. It is interesting to note that the main problems identified are of a pedagogical, not technical, nature.

ACS Style

José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López; Eloy López-Meneses. Measurement of the MOOC Phenomenon by Pre-Service Teachers: A Descriptive Case Study. Education Sciences 2020, 10, 215 .

AMA Style

José Gómez-Galán, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, José Ángel Martínez-López, Eloy López-Meneses. Measurement of the MOOC Phenomenon by Pre-Service Teachers: A Descriptive Case Study. Education Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Gómez-Galán; Cristina Lázaro-Pérez; José Ángel Martínez-López; Eloy López-Meneses. 2020. "Measurement of the MOOC Phenomenon by Pre-Service Teachers: A Descriptive Case Study." Education Sciences 10, no. 9: 215.