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Seaweed is now considered a functional food with a high nutritional value in Western countries, and the consumption of different species of edible algae has grown exponentially in recent decades. However, anthropogenic pressure on the seas has increased the presence of pollutants such as toxic metals and nitrates that can accumulate in algae. It is necessary to know the levels of these contaminants and the dietary exposure from the consumption of edible algae. The content of toxic metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) and nitrates (NO3−) was determined in 72 samples of edible algae marketed in the Canary Islands (Spain). Cd stands out in the Asian algae hijiki (1.196 mg/kg) and nori (1.005 mg/kg). Pb stands out in the Asian wakame seaweed (0.119 mg/kg). The highest mean concentration of Hg was in European arame algae (0.055 mg/kg). Some samples of the nori seaweed had NO3− concentrations of >8000 mg/kg. Considering the consumption recommended by the manufacturer of 4 g/day, the maximum admissible intake values are not exceeded, and, consequently, this does not pose a risk to health. However, in the case of Cd, Pb, Hg, and NO3−, legislation is necessary to regulate their content in edible algae.
Verónica Martín-León; Soraya Paz; Prospero D’Eufemia; Juan Plasencia; Gianni Sagratini; Gianmarco Marcantoni; Mercedes Navarro-Romero; Ángel Gutiérrez; Arturo Hardisson; Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz. Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) and Nitrates (NO3−) from Seaweed Consumption. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6934 .
AMA StyleVerónica Martín-León, Soraya Paz, Prospero D’Eufemia, Juan Plasencia, Gianni Sagratini, Gianmarco Marcantoni, Mercedes Navarro-Romero, Ángel Gutiérrez, Arturo Hardisson, Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz. Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) and Nitrates (NO3−) from Seaweed Consumption. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):6934.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerónica Martín-León; Soraya Paz; Prospero D’Eufemia; Juan Plasencia; Gianni Sagratini; Gianmarco Marcantoni; Mercedes Navarro-Romero; Ángel Gutiérrez; Arturo Hardisson; Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz. 2021. "Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) and Nitrates (NO3−) from Seaweed Consumption." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 6934.
The Canary Islands is an archipelago that consumes cereals and derivatives imported from other regions of the world. The increase in contamination with toxic metals makes it necessary to assess the content of toxicological metals of interest to ensure quality and safety. The content of toxic metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Sr) was determined in 221 samples of cereals and derivatives (corn, wheat, gofio, corn gofio, barley gofio, roasted corn and flour) marketed in the Canary Islands using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) to assess dietary exposure. Al content recorded in barley gofio (29.5 mg/kg fresh weight) stands out. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb is 52 µg/day if 100 g/day of barley gofio is consumed (121% and 240% of the BMDL nephrotoxicity limit set by the EFSA at 0.63 µg/kg body weight/day for adults and children, respectively). The EDI of PB is 16 µg/day if 30 g barley gofio/day is consumed by adults (36.2% of the abovementioned BMDL nephrotoxicity limit). The EDI of Pb is 7.8 µg/day if 15 g barley gofio/day is consumed by children (32.2% of the abovementioned BMDL nephrotoxicity limit). Gofio is a food of high nutritional value. It is necessary to establish monitoring programs for toxic metals in raw materials and processed products to reduce exposure levels.
Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz; Soraya Paz; Ángel Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Consuelo Revert; Arturo Hardisson. Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) from the Consumption of Cereals in Canary Islands. Foods 2021, 10, 1158 .
AMA StyleCarmen Rubio-Armendáriz, Soraya Paz, Ángel Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Consuelo Revert, Arturo Hardisson. Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) from the Consumption of Cereals in Canary Islands. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Rubio-Armendáriz; Soraya Paz; Ángel Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Consuelo Revert; Arturo Hardisson. 2021. "Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) from the Consumption of Cereals in Canary Islands." Foods 10, no. 6: 1158.
Consumption of cereals and cereal-based products represents 47% of the total food energy intake in Cape Verde. However, cereals also contribute to dietary exposure to metals that may pose a risk. Strengthening food security and providing nutritional information is a high-priority challenge for the Cape Verde government. In this study, toxic metal content (Cr, Ni, Sr, Al, Cd, and Pb) is determined in 126 samples of cereals and derivatives (rice, corn, wheat, corn flour, wheat flour, corn gofio) consumed in Cape Verde. Wheat flour samples stand out, with the highest Sr (1.60 mg/kg), Ni (0.25 mg/kg) and Cr (0.13 mg/kg) levels. While the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat would contribute to 13.2% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of Ni, a consumption of 100 g/day of wheat flour would contribute to 8.18% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of Cd. Results show relevant Al levels (1.17–13.4 mg/kg), with the highest level observed in corn gofio. The mean Pb average content in cereals is 0.03–0.08 mg/kg, with the highest level observed in corn gofio. Al and Pb levels are lower in cereals without husks. Without being a health risk, the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat contributes to 17.5% of the European benchmark doses lower confidence limit (BMDL) of Pb for nephrotoxic effects; the consumption of 100 g/day of corn gofio provides an intake of 1.34 mg Al/day (13.7% of the TWI) and 8 µg Pb/day (20% of the BMDL for nephrotoxic effects). A strategy to minimize the dietary exposure of the Cape Verdean population to toxic metals from cereals should consider the continuous monitoring of imported cereals on arrival in Cape Verde, the assessment of the population’s total diet exposure to toxic metals and educational campaigns.
Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz; Soraya Paz; Ángel Gutiérrez; Verena Gomes Furtado; Dailos González-Weller; Consuelo Revert; Arturo Hardisson. Toxic Metals in Cereals in Cape Verde: Risk Assessment Evaluation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3833 .
AMA StyleCarmen Rubio-Armendáriz, Soraya Paz, Ángel Gutiérrez, Verena Gomes Furtado, Dailos González-Weller, Consuelo Revert, Arturo Hardisson. Toxic Metals in Cereals in Cape Verde: Risk Assessment Evaluation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3833.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Rubio-Armendáriz; Soraya Paz; Ángel Gutiérrez; Verena Gomes Furtado; Dailos González-Weller; Consuelo Revert; Arturo Hardisson. 2021. "Toxic Metals in Cereals in Cape Verde: Risk Assessment Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3833.
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (V, B, Ba, Li, Sr, Cr, Ni, Al, Pb, Cd) were determined in 130 samples of different tofu types (natural, flavored, smoked, and fresh made) by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Al was the most notable element found with the highest concentration (6.71 mg/kg ww) found in flavored tofu. Ni level (0.38 mg/kg) stands out in smoked tofu. European tofu has higher PTE levels than Chinese tofu. Organic-produced tofu has higher PTE concentrations than conventional produced tofu. A total of 200 g/day of smoked tofu confers a contribution percentage of 39.6% of its TDI (tolerable daily intake). In addition, 200 g/day of flavored tofu would mean a high Pb contribution with a 23.2% of the BMDL (benchmark dose level) set in 0.63 μg/kg bw/day to the development of nephrotoxicity. Mean consumption would not pose a risk to adults’ health. Considering the obtained results, it would be advisable to establish limits for certain metals such as Pb, Al, and Ni in this type of product. Furthermore, it is recommendable to set consumer guidelines to some tofu types in order to avoid excessive intake of PTEs.
Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. Human exposure assessment to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from tofu consumption. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 33522 -33530.
AMA StyleSoraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Arturo Hardisson. Human exposure assessment to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from tofu consumption. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (25):33522-33530.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. 2021. "Human exposure assessment to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from tofu consumption." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 25: 33522-33530.
Metal pollution in the marine environment can damage places with exceptional biodiversity such as the Galapagos Islands. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the toxic risk from metals derived from fish consumption and to perform a nutritional assessment. We sampled 20 individuals of demersal (Caulolatilus princeps and Mycteroperca olfax) and pelagic (Thunnus albacares and Seriolella violacea) species. The levels of the toxic elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Ni, Pb and Sr), and the macroelements, microelements and trace elements (Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mn, Mo, Mg, Na, V and Zn) of species muscle tissue were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Demersal species have higher concentrations of Cr, K, Mg and Mo; while pelagic species have higher levels of Zn. M. olfax could potentially cause Cd toxicity so it is recommended not to ingest more than 86 and 73 g of this species (i.e. roughly, one serving) per week for men and women, respectively. None of the species could be marketed in Europe and the USA due to Cd level exceed the allowed limits by EFSA and FAO. Furthermore, the dietary intake of C. princeps is recommended due to its high concentration of Ca, Na, K, Mg and Cr, while T. albacares is recommended for people with Zn deficiency. However, due to the Cd level in C. princeps it is not recommended to ingest more than five servings per week. We attribute the source of metals in the studied fish from the volcanic origin of the islands rather than from human pollution. This is the first study that thoroughly estimate concentration of metals in commercial fish species and its contribution to food security in the Galapagos.
Eduardo Franco-Fuentes; Nicolas Moity; Jorge Ramírez-González; Solange Andrade-Vera; Arturo Hardisson; Dailos González-Weller; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez. Metals in commercial fish in the Galapagos Marine Reserve: Contribution to food security and toxic risk assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 286, 112188 .
AMA StyleEduardo Franco-Fuentes, Nicolas Moity, Jorge Ramírez-González, Solange Andrade-Vera, Arturo Hardisson, Dailos González-Weller, Soraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Ángel J. Gutiérrez. Metals in commercial fish in the Galapagos Marine Reserve: Contribution to food security and toxic risk assessment. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 286 ():112188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo Franco-Fuentes; Nicolas Moity; Jorge Ramírez-González; Solange Andrade-Vera; Arturo Hardisson; Dailos González-Weller; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez. 2021. "Metals in commercial fish in the Galapagos Marine Reserve: Contribution to food security and toxic risk assessment." Journal of Environmental Management 286, no. : 112188.
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (V, B, Ba, Li, Sr, Cr, Ni, Al, Pb, Cd) were determined in 130 samples of different tofu types (natural, flavoured, smoked and fresh made) by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Al was the most notable element found with the highest concentration (6.71 mg/kg ww) found in flavoured tofu. Ni level (0.38 mg/kg) stands out in smoked tofu. European tofu has higher PTEs levels than Chinese tofu. Organic produced tofu has higher PTEs concentrations than conventional produced tofu. 200 g/day of smoked tofu confers a contribution percentage of 39.6% of its TDI (tolerable daily intake). In addition, 200 g/day of flavoured tofu would mean a high Pb contribution with a 23.2% of the BMDL (benchmark dose level) set in 0.63 µg/kg bw/day to the development of nephrotoxicity. Mean consumption would not pose a risk to adults’ health. Considering the obtained results, it would be advisable to establish limits for certain metals such as Pb, Al and Ni in this type of product. Furthermore, it is recommendable to set consumer guidelines to some tofu types in order to avoid excessive intake of PTEs.
Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. Human Exposure Assessment to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) from Tofu Consumption. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSoraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Arturo Hardisson. Human Exposure Assessment to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) from Tofu Consumption. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. 2021. "Human Exposure Assessment to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) from Tofu Consumption." , no. : 1.
Water for human consumption is the main source of fluoride exposure. The concentration in water should not exceed 1 mg/L of fluoride since, at higher levels; it increases the risk of dental fluorosis, among other adverse effects. The fluoride content of 149 water samples from different aqueducts in Cauca (Colombia) has been determined by ion exchange chromatography with the aim of fluoride risk assessment. The rural area of the Municipality of Santander de Quilichao registered fluoride concentrations between 0.012 and 0.150 mg/L. The urban area of Santander de Quilichao recorded lower fluoride levels than the rural area (0.027-0.068 mg/L). The urban area of the Municipality of Cajibío registered fluoride levels of 0.082-0.186 mg/L. The highest levels of fluoride were found in Timbío (0.121-0.210 mg/L). The fluoride levels recorded in this study are not considered sufficient to trigger dental fluorosis. Likewise, optimal levels are not considered to protect the child population against dental caries. However, a monitoring plan of fluoride concentrations in water should be implemented to assure the quality and safe of the water.
Inés A. Revelo-Mejía; Daniela Enríquez; Deisy Espinosa; Andrés Peña; Ingrid Bolaño; Yobany Moná; Catherine Peña; Daniel Prado; Luisa Ardila; Jennifer López; Yoely Cortes; Jennifer Muñoz; Julieth Muñoz; Juan Sánchez; Yuliana Erazo; Luis López; Angie Mosquera; Daniela Pérez; Yamid Ordoñez; Jhon H. Torres; Arturo Hardisson; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz. Determination of the Fluoride Content in Water of Aqueducts of Cauca (Colombia) by Ion Exchange Chromatography. Biological Trace Element Research 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleInés A. Revelo-Mejía, Daniela Enríquez, Deisy Espinosa, Andrés Peña, Ingrid Bolaño, Yobany Moná, Catherine Peña, Daniel Prado, Luisa Ardila, Jennifer López, Yoely Cortes, Jennifer Muñoz, Julieth Muñoz, Juan Sánchez, Yuliana Erazo, Luis López, Angie Mosquera, Daniela Pérez, Yamid Ordoñez, Jhon H. Torres, Arturo Hardisson, Carmen Rubio, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz. Determination of the Fluoride Content in Water of Aqueducts of Cauca (Colombia) by Ion Exchange Chromatography. Biological Trace Element Research. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInés A. Revelo-Mejía; Daniela Enríquez; Deisy Espinosa; Andrés Peña; Ingrid Bolaño; Yobany Moná; Catherine Peña; Daniel Prado; Luisa Ardila; Jennifer López; Yoely Cortes; Jennifer Muñoz; Julieth Muñoz; Juan Sánchez; Yuliana Erazo; Luis López; Angie Mosquera; Daniela Pérez; Yamid Ordoñez; Jhon H. Torres; Arturo Hardisson; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz. 2021. "Determination of the Fluoride Content in Water of Aqueducts of Cauca (Colombia) by Ion Exchange Chromatography." Biological Trace Element Research , no. : 1-9.
Sarpa salpa is a fish belonging to the Sparidae family and is usually found in local markets. Toxic metals such as aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and trace elements such as boron (B), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) are incorporated into fish tissues and remain there. The liver has the highest concentrations of all the analyzed toxic metals and almost all the analyzed trace elements. The consumption of 100 g/day of S. salpa muscle tissue does not pose a health risk. However, 100 g/day of liver consumption may pose a serious health risk due to the intake of Cd (572% of the tolerable weekly intake for adults with a body weight of 68.48 kg) and Pb (117% of the tolerable daily intake for adults weighing 68.48 kg). The consumption of liver of this species is not recommended due to its possible harmful effects on health.
Alberto Gutiérrez-Ravelo; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Conrado Carrascosa-Iruzubieta; Dailos González-Weller; José M. Caballero; Consuelo Revert; Carmen Rubio; Arturo Hardisson. Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Pb) and Trace Element (B, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Zn) Levels in Sarpa Salpa from the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7212 .
AMA StyleAlberto Gutiérrez-Ravelo, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz, Conrado Carrascosa-Iruzubieta, Dailos González-Weller, José M. Caballero, Consuelo Revert, Carmen Rubio, Arturo Hardisson. Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Pb) and Trace Element (B, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Zn) Levels in Sarpa Salpa from the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Gutiérrez-Ravelo; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Conrado Carrascosa-Iruzubieta; Dailos González-Weller; José M. Caballero; Consuelo Revert; Carmen Rubio; Arturo Hardisson. 2020. "Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Pb) and Trace Element (B, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Zn) Levels in Sarpa Salpa from the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7212.
Fluoride is a halogen found in soil and water from natural and anthropogenic sources. Foods, such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables, among others, absorb and accumulate fluoride. High intakes of this element produce toxic effects such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content was determined in a total of 144 samples from different food groups (cereals and derivatives, fruits, tree nuts, dry fruits, mushrooms, vegetables, and legumes) using selective fluoride ion potentiometry. The fluoride concentration stood out in almonds (3.70 ± 0.96 mg/kg), walnuts (3.53 ± 0.62 mg/kg), bread (2.54 ± 0.85 mg/kg), and rice (2.28 ± 0.93 mg/kg). Consumption of 236 g/day of bread or 263 g/day of rice represents 100% of the recommended daily intake (DRI) set at 0.6 mg/day for children aged 1–3 years. In the case of rice consumption by children of these ages, it is recommended to use bottled water for rice preparation. The consumption of the analyzed foods by teenagers and adults does not pose a health risk.
Juan R. Jaudenes; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Arturo Hardisson. Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6582 .
AMA StyleJuan R. Jaudenes, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Arturo Hardisson. Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (18):6582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan R. Jaudenes; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Arturo Hardisson. 2020. "Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18: 6582.
Seaweeds are a basic food in the Asian diet. The search for functional and healthy foods has increased the seaweed consumption in Europe and the USA. Seaweeds are a source of essential elements such as iodine. However, high intake levels of iodine can cause damages to human health. Red seaweeds like dulse (Palmaria palmata) and Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) are common in shops and large stores. The iodine level in 30 samples of red seaweeds (dulse and Irish moss) has been determined by redox volumetry with sodium thiosulfate to determine the iodine content of both species and to assess the iodine dietary exposure from dulse and Irish moss consumption. Irish moss (3.86 ± 1.49 mg/kg dry weight) has the highest average iodine content. Four grams per day of dehydrated Irish moss seaweeds contributes greatly to the iodine recommended daily intake (DRI) for children (25.7%). The consumption of analyzed seaweeds (4 g/day) does not pose a health risk. However, the consumption of 286 g/day of Irish moss would lead to exceeding the UL for the adult population set at 1100 μg/day. It is necessary that the consumer respects the consumption guidelines of the seaweed packers.
Javier Darias-Rosales; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Arturo Hardisson. Risk assessment of iodine intake from the consumption of red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata and Chondrus crispus). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 45737 -45741.
AMA StyleJavier Darias-Rosales, Carmen Rubio, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz, Arturo Hardisson. Risk assessment of iodine intake from the consumption of red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata and Chondrus crispus). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (36):45737-45741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Darias-Rosales; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Arturo Hardisson. 2020. "Risk assessment of iodine intake from the consumption of red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata and Chondrus crispus)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 36: 45737-45741.
Fluoride is highly present in the environment, especially in water and its derivatives. Excessive fluoride contribution to diet poses a health risk. Tea leaves accumulate fluoride and the consumption of tea (Camellia sinensis) could pose a risk to human by the excessive fluoride intake. Ninety tea samples were analyzed by potentiometry using a selective fluoride ion electrode. Mixed tea samples (2.82 ± 1.11 mg/L) and black tea samples (2.28 ± 0.79 mg/L) recorded the highest fluoride levels. The contribution of drinking water is important for increasing fluoride levels in teas. The daily consumption of two cups (250 mL per cup) of mixed and black teas prepared with La Laguna tap water does pose a health risk for children (4–8 years old) because of the high contribution percentages (74.4% and 63.6%, respectively) of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level set in 2.5 mg/day by the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). A minor consumption in children (4–8 years old) and adults during pregnancy is advisable.
Inmaculada Rodríguez; Antonio Burgos; Carmen Rubio; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Flavio Silva Júnior; Arturo Hardisson; Consuelo Revert. Human exposure to fluoride from tea (Camellia sinensis) in a volcanic region—Canary Islands, Spain. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 43917 -43928.
AMA StyleInmaculada Rodríguez, Antonio Burgos, Carmen Rubio, Angel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz, Flavio Silva Júnior, Arturo Hardisson, Consuelo Revert. Human exposure to fluoride from tea (Camellia sinensis) in a volcanic region—Canary Islands, Spain. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (35):43917-43928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInmaculada Rodríguez; Antonio Burgos; Carmen Rubio; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Flavio Silva Júnior; Arturo Hardisson; Consuelo Revert. 2020. "Human exposure to fluoride from tea (Camellia sinensis) in a volcanic region—Canary Islands, Spain." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 35: 43917-43928.
Fluoride has been considered as the single factor most frequently responsible for causing enamel mottling. However, in humans, either endogenous and/or exogenous factors not related to fluoride exposure may also cause enamel mottling. In this sense, various studies in the international literature have reported severe mottling of the teeth that could not be attributed to fluoride exposure. Thus, misdiagnosis of non-fluoride-induced enamel defects may occur frequently. Reports of unexpectedly high population prevalence and individual cases of fluorosis, where such diagnoses are irreconcilable with the identified fluoride history, highlight the necessity for a more precise definition and diagnosis of dental fluorosis. Also, a more discriminating diagnostic procedure is suggested. Particularly, positive identification of environmental fluoride levels to which the communities and individuals are exposed shall be developed before the confirmation of a diagnosis of fluorosis. It is considered that a more critical methodology for the diagnosis of fluorosis will be helpful in the rational use and control of fluorides for dental health, and in the identification of factors that may induce enamel defects.
Inés A. Revelo-Mejía; Arturo Hardisson; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz. Dental Fluorosis: the Risk of Misdiagnosis—a Review. Biological Trace Element Research 2020, 199, 1762 -1770.
AMA StyleInés A. Revelo-Mejía, Arturo Hardisson, Carmen Rubio, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz. Dental Fluorosis: the Risk of Misdiagnosis—a Review. Biological Trace Element Research. 2020; 199 (5):1762-1770.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInés A. Revelo-Mejía; Arturo Hardisson; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz. 2020. "Dental Fluorosis: the Risk of Misdiagnosis—a Review." Biological Trace Element Research 199, no. 5: 1762-1770.
Tofu is one of the most consumed soybean products. Currently, tofu is consumed in vegan and vegetarian diets to avoid meat. However, it is necessary to determine the content of essential elements to assess the dietary intake. Essential elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Co) were determined in 130 samples of tofu by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy). The highest element content was found in flavoured tofu; the most notable were Na (2519 mg/kg wet weight) and Fe (19.5 mg/kg ww). Consumption of 200 g/day of flavoured tofu by adults would mean a high contribution of Cu (46.9% women, 38.1% men), Fe (55.7% women, 65.0% men) and Na (25.2% adults) to its AI (adequate intakes) sets by the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Natural tofu would mean a remarkably Mn contribution (50% adults) to the AI. Tofu could be an important source of essential elements such as Mg, Mn, Na, Cu and Fe.
Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. Dietary Intake of Essential Elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Co) from Tofu Consumption. Biological Trace Element Research 2020, 199, 382 -388.
AMA StyleSoraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Angel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Arturo Hardisson. Dietary Intake of Essential Elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Co) from Tofu Consumption. Biological Trace Element Research. 2020; 199 (1):382-388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. 2020. "Dietary Intake of Essential Elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Co) from Tofu Consumption." Biological Trace Element Research 199, no. 1: 382-388.
Fluoride is a widely distributed ion in the environment and, consequently, in water as well. High levels of fluoride in waters can be found in the Canary Islands because of their volcanic origin. Due to the risk and detrimental effects associated with a high fluoride intake, the content of this ion has been potentiometrically determined in 256 supply water samples from the islands of Tenerife, El Hierro, and La Palma, using a fluoride selective ion electrode. Fluoride mean concentration found on Tenerife is 4.22 mg/L, exceeding the parametric value of 1.5 mg/L set out in Spanish legislation. The consumption of 2 L of water from the studied municipalities of Tenerife would mean there is an excessive fluoride intake. The consumption of this water poses a serious risk to health. It is necessary to take action aimed at reducing the level of fluoride in the north of the island of Tenerife.
Carmen Rubio; Inmaculada Rodríguez; Juan Jaudenes; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Antonio Burgos; Arturo Hardisson; Consuelo Revert. Fluoride levels in supply water from a volcanic area in the Macaronesia region. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 11587 -11595.
AMA StyleCarmen Rubio, Inmaculada Rodríguez, Juan Jaudenes, Angel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz, Antonio Burgos, Arturo Hardisson, Consuelo Revert. Fluoride levels in supply water from a volcanic area in the Macaronesia region. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (11):11587-11595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Rubio; Inmaculada Rodríguez; Juan Jaudenes; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Soraya Paz; Antonio Burgos; Arturo Hardisson; Consuelo Revert. 2020. "Fluoride levels in supply water from a volcanic area in the Macaronesia region." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 11: 11587-11595.
The increasing consumption of wakame algae (Undaria pinnatifida) and kombu (Laminaria ochroleuca) because of their culinary appeal and beneficial properties means there is a need to study the composition of these new foods. Algae stand out for their high iodine content, this being an essential element whenever it is ingested at recommended levels but which, ingested in high quantities, can cause harmful effects to health such as hyperthyroidism and even goiter. The iodine content in 30 samples of algae from different geographical origins (Asia and Europe) has been determined by oxidation-reduction titration with sodium thiosulfate. European kombu algae (27.7 ± 5.4 mg/kg dry weight) have the highest mean average iodine concentrations. European algae have higher iodine content than Asian algae. Significant differences (p < 0.05) have been recorded among wakame algae according to geographical origin. The consumption of 4 g/day of European kombu algae means an intake of 111 μg/day of iodine, which is a value close to the RDI (recommended daily intake) set at 150 μg/day. It is necessary to monitor iodine levels in algae to avoid excessive intakes and harmful effects on health.
Aitana González; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Arturo Hardisson. Human Exposure to Iodine from the Consumption of Edible Seaweeds. Biological Trace Element Research 2019, 197, 361 -366.
AMA StyleAitana González, Soraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Angel J. Gutiérrez, Arturo Hardisson. Human Exposure to Iodine from the Consumption of Edible Seaweeds. Biological Trace Element Research. 2019; 197 (2):361-366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAitana González; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Angel J. Gutiérrez; Arturo Hardisson. 2019. "Human Exposure to Iodine from the Consumption of Edible Seaweeds." Biological Trace Element Research 197, no. 2: 361-366.
Seaweed consumption has increased considerably in Europe as a result of new trends in food. The macroelement (Na, Ca, K, Mg) and trace element (B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Zn) levels in different species of edible brown seaweeds were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). European Himanthalia elongata species had the highest recorded concentrations of K (57480 mg/kg dry weight). Asian Undaria pinnatifida species had the highest Fe content (58.8 mg/kg dw). Five grams/day of dehydrated seaweed of the Asian U. pinnatifida species mainly contributes to the admissible daily intake of Mg (9.32% adults) and Na (7.05% adults). In any case which exceeds the maximum intake values of any of the elements analyzed, the macro- and trace element levels can vary considerably in a short period of time, so it is necessary to assess the toxic risk in edible seaweeds.
Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Inmaculada Frías; Gara Luis-González; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. Human exposure assessment to macro- and trace elements in the most consumed edible seaweeds in Europe. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 36478 -36485.
AMA StyleSoraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Inmaculada Frías, Gara Luis-González, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Arturo Hardisson. Human exposure assessment to macro- and trace elements in the most consumed edible seaweeds in Europe. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (36):36478-36485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Inmaculada Frías; Gara Luis-González; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. 2019. "Human exposure assessment to macro- and trace elements in the most consumed edible seaweeds in Europe." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 36: 36478-36485.
The levels of toxic metals (Al, Cd, Pb) and trace metals (B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, Zn) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in the muscle (sirloin and chuck) and liver from a total of 180 samples of steers (less than 2 years old) (Bos taurus) of foreign and local origin slaughtered on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). As regards toxic metals, Al was the metal with the highest contents in both tissues of the foreign steers (3.75 mg/kg in the muscle and 55.3 mg/kg in the liver) and the local steers (5.60 mg/kg in the muscle and 8.65 mg/kg in the liver). In conclusion, the present study confirmed that beef is a source of trace elements, mainly Fe and Zn. In addition, the consumption of this type of beef did not show significant intakes of toxic metals (Al, Cd, and Pb) and, therefore, the consumption of the steer muscle and liver does not pose a toxicological risk for Spanish consumers.
Nieves Rodríguez-Marín; Arturo Hardisson; Ángel José Gutiérrez; Gara Luis-González; Dailos González-Weller; Carmen Rubio; Soraya Paz. Toxic (Al, Cd, and Pb) and trace metal (B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, and Zn) levels in tissues of slaughtered steers: risk assessment for the consumers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 28787 -28795.
AMA StyleNieves Rodríguez-Marín, Arturo Hardisson, Ángel José Gutiérrez, Gara Luis-González, Dailos González-Weller, Carmen Rubio, Soraya Paz. Toxic (Al, Cd, and Pb) and trace metal (B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, and Zn) levels in tissues of slaughtered steers: risk assessment for the consumers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (28):28787-28795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNieves Rodríguez-Marín; Arturo Hardisson; Ángel José Gutiérrez; Gara Luis-González; Dailos González-Weller; Carmen Rubio; Soraya Paz. 2019. "Toxic (Al, Cd, and Pb) and trace metal (B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, and Zn) levels in tissues of slaughtered steers: risk assessment for the consumers." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 28: 28787-28795.
The consumption of vegetable sausages or hamburgers is growing. The consumption of this type of product has increased exponentially in recent years for two main reasons: the rejection of meat consumption and the search for healthier foods. Vegetable sausages are relatively new products on the market and, as with other foods, they may contain trace elements, both essential and toxic. Thus, the objective of this work is the determination of the content of trace elements (B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Zn, Al, Cd, Pb) in 67 samples of vegetable sausages and burgers (27 samples of vegetable sausages and 39 samples of vegetable burgers) by means of ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). The highest trace element levels were found in the sausage's samples, which remarkably are the Fe (14.1 mg/kg wet weight), Al (5.10 mg/kg ww), and Pb (0.05 mg/kg ww) content. Meanwhile, the levels of Zn (8.35 mg/kg ww), Mn (5.04 mg/kg ww), and Sr (2.77 mg/kg ww) were higher in burger's samples. The dietary exposure reveals that the consumption of 100 g/day of these products offers an important intake of Fe, Mn, and Cu. About the toxic trace elements, the consumption of the vegetable sausages (100 g/day) represents an intake of 14.6% of the TDI (tolerable daily intake) of Pb and sets in 0.5 μg/kg body weight/day. The consumption of 100 g/day of vegetable sausages and burgers does not pose a health risk. However, a higher consumption can carry a risk; for that reason, it is necessary to set a maximum level of certain elements in this kind of products.
Pablo Padrón; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. Trace Element Levels in Vegetable Sausages and Burgers Determined by ICP-OES. Biological Trace Element Research 2019, 194, 616 -626.
AMA StylePablo Padrón, Soraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Arturo Hardisson. Trace Element Levels in Vegetable Sausages and Burgers Determined by ICP-OES. Biological Trace Element Research. 2019; 194 (2):616-626.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Padrón; Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Arturo Hardisson. 2019. "Trace Element Levels in Vegetable Sausages and Burgers Determined by ICP-OES." Biological Trace Element Research 194, no. 2: 616-626.
Environmental exposure to metals among women, revealed their adverse effects on pregnancy. The fetus is exposed to these toxic elements only via the placenta which are able to accumulate there or cross it, compromising the protective functions of this organ. Numerous studies have shown associations between the prenatal exposition to some metals and an impact on cognitive, motor and intellectual development of the child. Sixty two placental samples were taken at delivery to determine the mineral content (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn) by ICP-OES. Among these metals, essential ones (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Zn) can have health beneficial effects at low levels however, in high concentration are potentially toxic. On the other hand, elements such as Al, Cd, Pb, are classified as toxic metals, no matter what its concentration is. The aim of this study is to find the potential relationships between these metals levels, newborn's parameters, pregnancy details and the epidemiologic information obtained using a questionnaire data from the participant pregnant women from Seville (Spain). The main maternal determinant of detectable placenta Cd levels was smoking during pregnancy. Other maternal factors that may affect placenta metal levels were gestational age (Al, B, Ba, and Pb) or dietary supplement (Fe). It has to be stressed that our results have to be interpreted with caution, because of the small study group and the low exposure levels, along with the lack of information on potential sources of exposure to these metals. The use of placenta samples obtained at delivery can be considered strength of this study since the concentration of some metals in placenta can indicate the extent of maternal exposure during gestation.
L. Cerrillos; R. Fernández; M.J. Machado; I. Morillas; B. Dahiri; Soraya Paz; D. Gonzalez-Weller; Angel J. Gutiérrez; C. Rubio; Arturo Hardisson; I. Moreno; Ana Fernández-Palacín. Placental levels of metals and associated factors in urban and sub-urban areas of Seville (Spain). Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2019, 54, 21 -26.
AMA StyleL. Cerrillos, R. Fernández, M.J. Machado, I. Morillas, B. Dahiri, Soraya Paz, D. Gonzalez-Weller, Angel J. Gutiérrez, C. Rubio, Arturo Hardisson, I. Moreno, Ana Fernández-Palacín. Placental levels of metals and associated factors in urban and sub-urban areas of Seville (Spain). Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2019; 54 ():21-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Cerrillos; R. Fernández; M.J. Machado; I. Morillas; B. Dahiri; Soraya Paz; D. Gonzalez-Weller; Angel J. Gutiérrez; C. Rubio; Arturo Hardisson; I. Moreno; Ana Fernández-Palacín. 2019. "Placental levels of metals and associated factors in urban and sub-urban areas of Seville (Spain)." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 54, no. : 21-26.
Algae are becoming increasingly common because of their importance in vegan and vegetarian diets. Although they are a source of essential minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, these marine organisms have a high absorption capacity that can lead to the accumulation of toxic metals which are dangerous in humans. The objective of this study is to determine the content of toxic metals (Al, Cd, Pb and Hg) in edible seaweed samples marketed in Spain (Europe) to assess the toxicological risk from the intake of these metals. A total of 73 European and Asian algae samples marketed in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) were analyzed by ICP - OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry) and by CV-AAS (Cold Vapor – Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The major toxic metal was Al, whose highest level was recorded in seaweed salad (57.5 mg Al/kg dry weight). Regarding the origin, the highest concentrations of Al (38.9 mg/kg dw), Cd (0.59 mg/kg dw) and Pb (0.40 mg/kg dw) were found in Asian algae, which may be due to the high levels of industry in the Asian countries. However, the highest concentration of Hg (0.017 mg/kg dw) was found in European algae. The consumption of 5 grams of dehydrated seaweed per day represents a percentage of contribution to the tolerable weekly intake of Cd of 22.7%, this percentage may entail a risk when considering total Cd intake. However, the consumption of 5 g a day of dehydrated seaweed would not, pose a risk to the health of adults.
Soraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Inmaculada Frías; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Verónica Martín; Consuelo Revert; Arturo Hardisson. Toxic metals (Al, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the most consumed edible seaweeds in Europe. Chemosphere 2018, 218, 879 -884.
AMA StyleSoraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, Inmaculada Frías, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Verónica Martín, Consuelo Revert, Arturo Hardisson. Toxic metals (Al, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the most consumed edible seaweeds in Europe. Chemosphere. 2018; 218 ():879-884.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoraya Paz; Carmen Rubio; Inmaculada Frías; Ángel J. Gutiérrez; Dailos González-Weller; Verónica Martín; Consuelo Revert; Arturo Hardisson. 2018. "Toxic metals (Al, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the most consumed edible seaweeds in Europe." Chemosphere 218, no. : 879-884.