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Prof. Dr. Victor Petrone-Garcia
Department of Livestock Sciences (Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM

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0 Veterinary Pathology
0 Influenza Virus
0 Veterinary Immunology
0 Avian diseases
0 mycoplasmosis

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Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Vaccines
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Avian reovirus (ARV) is the principal cause of several diseases. The vaccination of breeders allows for the control of viral arthritis and delivery of maternal-derived antibodies to the progeny. The vaccination of broiler chickens with ARV strain S1133 is used to prevent viral arthritis. However, the post-vaccination enteric effects have not been well-characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination with the S1133 strain on the weight gain and feed conversion of broiler chickens and to characterize the gastric, enteric, and pancreatic lesions that the strain could induce. A total of 672,000 chickens were divided into two groups: a group vaccinated with ARV strain S1133 (S1133ARV) and a control group (not vaccinated). Upon histological analysis, the vaccine group showed less proventricular glandular tissue and atrophy of the pancreas and duodenal villi, as well as having a lower average daily profit. The conclusion based on the results of this investigation is that neonatal vaccination with S1133ARV causes atrophy of the pancreatic acini, proventricular glands, and intestinal villi, leading to an increased diameter of the glandular lumen and atrophy of the enteric villous, as well as weight loss, in broiler chickens.

ACS Style

Victor Petrone-Garcia; Joshua Gonzalez-Soto; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Mariano Delgadillo-Gonzalez; Victor Valdes-Narvaez; Fernando Alba-Hurtado; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Inkar Castellanos-Huerta; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Evaluation of Avian Reovirus S1133 Vaccine Strain in Neonatal Broiler Chickens in Gastrointestinal Integrity and Performance in a Large-Scale Commercial Field Trial. Vaccines 2021, 9, 817 .

AMA Style

Victor Petrone-Garcia, Joshua Gonzalez-Soto, Raquel Lopez-Arellano, Mariano Delgadillo-Gonzalez, Victor Valdes-Narvaez, Fernando Alba-Hurtado, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Inkar Castellanos-Huerta, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Evaluation of Avian Reovirus S1133 Vaccine Strain in Neonatal Broiler Chickens in Gastrointestinal Integrity and Performance in a Large-Scale Commercial Field Trial. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (8):817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victor Petrone-Garcia; Joshua Gonzalez-Soto; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Mariano Delgadillo-Gonzalez; Victor Valdes-Narvaez; Fernando Alba-Hurtado; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Inkar Castellanos-Huerta; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. 2021. "Evaluation of Avian Reovirus S1133 Vaccine Strain in Neonatal Broiler Chickens in Gastrointestinal Integrity and Performance in a Large-Scale Commercial Field Trial." Vaccines 9, no. 8: 817.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2021 in Scientific Reports
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The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and determine the concentration of prostaglandin GF2α (PGF2α) and isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in plasma and intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima, with or without dietary supplementation of curcumin using solid‐phase microextraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty 1-day-old male SPF chickens were randomly allocated to one of four groups with four replicates (n = 5 chickens/replicate). Groups consisted of: (1) Control (no challenge), (2) Curcumin (no challenge), (3) Eimeria maxima (challenge), and (4) Eimeria maxima (challenge) + curcumin. At day 28 of age, all chickens in the challenge groups were orally gavaged with 40,000 sporulated E. maxima oocysts. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the groups regardless of the treatment or challenge with E. maxima. Enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days and 9 days post-challenge were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the non-challenge control chickens. Interestingly, the enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days post-challenge were significantly reduced in chickens fed curcumin, compared to control chickens challenge with E. maxima. At 9 days post-challenge, only levels of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in the enteric samples were significantly reduced in chickens challenged with E. maxima supplemented with curcumin, compared with E. maxima challenge chickens. No differences of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α or PGF2α were observed in plasma at both days of evaluation. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the challenge control or chickens challenge with E. maxima and supplemented with curcumin at both times of evaluation. The results of this pilot study suggests that the antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin reduced the oxidative damage and subsequent intestinal mucosal over-production of lipid oxidation products. Further studies to confirm and extend these results in broiler chickens are required.

ACS Style

Victor M. Petrone-Garcia; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Gabriela Rodríguez Patiño; Miriam Aide Castillo Rodríguez; Daniel Hernandez-Patlan; Bruno Solis-Cruz; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Fernando Alba-Hurtado; Christine N. Vuong; Inkar Castellanos-Huerta; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Curcumin reduces enteric isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and prostaglandin GF2α in specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Victor M. Petrone-Garcia, Raquel Lopez-Arellano, Gabriela Rodríguez Patiño, Miriam Aide Castillo Rodríguez, Daniel Hernandez-Patlan, Bruno Solis-Cruz, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Fernando Alba-Hurtado, Christine N. Vuong, Inkar Castellanos-Huerta, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Curcumin reduces enteric isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and prostaglandin GF2α in specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victor M. Petrone-Garcia; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Gabriela Rodríguez Patiño; Miriam Aide Castillo Rodríguez; Daniel Hernandez-Patlan; Bruno Solis-Cruz; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Fernando Alba-Hurtado; Christine N. Vuong; Inkar Castellanos-Huerta; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. 2021. "Curcumin reduces enteric isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and prostaglandin GF2α in specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2020 in Pathogens
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Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strains were isolated at 39.5 °C to rule out temperature-sensitive strains (ts+) and identified using random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Then, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC100) were calculated in isolated strains from broiler breeders and laying hens vaccinated with ts+ MS-H and ts+ MG TS-11 vaccines in Mexico. We sampled 631 lots of hens. A total of 28 of the 123 MS isolates and 12 of the 23 MG isolates were analyzed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA, of which 24 and 3 matched the DNA banding patterns of the MS-H and MG-F strains, respectively. The isolated MS and MG strains were sensitive to tiamulin and tylosin and showed intermediate sensitivity or resistance to lincomycin, florfenicol, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, and curcumin. Although both the MS and MG strains were sensitive to the same antibiotics (MIC100 lower than 1 mg mL−1), the MG strains were 5 to 10 times more sensitive than the MS strains. MS is the most frequently isolated mycoplasma in Mexican poultry production. The MS vaccine used (ts+ MS-H) could reverse its thermosensitivity and therefore could regain its virulence. MS was less sensitive to tiamulin and tylosin compared to MG.

ACS Style

Víctor M. Petrone-Garcia; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias; Fernando Alba-Hurtado; Christine N. Vuong; Raquel Lopez-Arellano. Isolation and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum from Vaccinated Hens in Mexico. Pathogens 2020, 9, 924 .

AMA Style

Víctor M. Petrone-Garcia, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Fernando Alba-Hurtado, Christine N. Vuong, Raquel Lopez-Arellano. Isolation and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum from Vaccinated Hens in Mexico. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (11):924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Víctor M. Petrone-Garcia; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias; Fernando Alba-Hurtado; Christine N. Vuong; Raquel Lopez-Arellano. 2020. "Isolation and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum from Vaccinated Hens in Mexico." Pathogens 9, no. 11: 924.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2019 in Avian Diseases
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial Bacillus direct-fed microbial (DFM) on aflatoxin B1 toxic effects, performance, and biochemical and immunologic parameters in broiler chickens. Ninety 1-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were raised in floor pens for a period of 21 days. Chicks were neck-tagged, individually weighed, and randomly allocated to one of three groups: Negative control (basal feed), aflatoxin B1 (basal feed + 2 ppm AFB1), and DFM (basal feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + Bacillus direct-fed microbial). Each group had three replicates of 10 chickens (n = 30/group). Body weight and body weight gain were calculated weekly, while feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined when broilers were 21 days old. On day 21, all chickens were bled, gastrointestinal samples were collected, and spleen and bursa of Fabricius were weighed. This study confirmed that 2 ppm of AFB1 causes severe detrimental effects on performance, biochemical parameters, and immunologic parameters, generating hepatic lesions in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). However, it was also observed that DFM supplementation provided beneficial effects that might help to improve gut barrier function, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as humoral and cellular immunomodulation. The results of the present study suggest that this Bacillus-DFM added at a concentration of 106 spores/gram of feed can be used to counteract the negative effects that occur when birds consume diets contaminated with AFB1, showing beneficial effects on performance parameters, relative organ weights, hepatic lesions, immune response, and serum biochemical variables. The addition of this Bacillus-DFM might mitigate and decrease aflatoxicosis problems in the poultry industry, improving food security, alleviating public health problems, and providing economic benefits. Future studies are needed to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms by which this Bacillus-DFM counteracts the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1.

ACS Style

Bruno Solis-Cruz; Daniel Hernandez-Patlan; Victor Petrone-Garcia; Karine P. Pontin; Juan D. Latorre; Eric Beyssac; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Ruben Merino-Guzman; Margarita A. Arreguin; Billy M. Hargis; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Evaluation of a Bacillus -Based Direct-Fed Microbial on Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects, Performance, Immunologic Status, and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens. Avian Diseases 2019, 63, 659 -669.

AMA Style

Bruno Solis-Cruz, Daniel Hernandez-Patlan, Victor Petrone-Garcia, Karine P. Pontin, Juan D. Latorre, Eric Beyssac, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Ruben Merino-Guzman, Margarita A. Arreguin, Billy M. Hargis, Raquel Lopez-Arellano, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Evaluation of a Bacillus -Based Direct-Fed Microbial on Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects, Performance, Immunologic Status, and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens. Avian Diseases. 2019; 63 (4):659-669.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bruno Solis-Cruz; Daniel Hernandez-Patlan; Victor Petrone-Garcia; Karine P. Pontin; Juan D. Latorre; Eric Beyssac; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Ruben Merino-Guzman; Margarita A. Arreguin; Billy M. Hargis; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. 2019. "Evaluation of a Bacillus -Based Direct-Fed Microbial on Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects, Performance, Immunologic Status, and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens." Avian Diseases 63, no. 4: 659-669.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2019 in Toxins
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To evaluate the effect of cellulosic polymers (CEL) and curcumin (CUR) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxic effects on performance, and the biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens, 150 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups with three replicates of 10 chickens per pen: Negative Control (feed); AFB1 (feed + 2 ppm AFB1); CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + Curcumin 0.2%); CEL (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulosic polymers); and, CEL + CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulose polymers + 0.2% Curcumin). Every week, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. On day 21, liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and intestine from five broilers per replicate per group were removed to obtain relative organ weight. Histopathological changes in liver, several biochemical biomarkers, antibody titers, and muscle and skin pigmentation were also recorded. Dietary addition of 0.3% CEL and 0.2% CUR separately significantly diminished some of the toxic effects resulting from AFB1 on performance parameters, relative organs weight, histopathology, immune response, and serum biochemical variables (P < 0.05); however, the combination of CUR and CEL showed a better-integrated approach for the management of poultry health problems that are related with the consumption of AFB1, since they have different mechanisms of action with different positive effects on the responses of broiler chickens.

ACS Style

Bruno Solis-Cruz; Daniel Hernandez-Patlan; Victor M. Petrone; Karine P. Pontin; Juan D. Latorre; Eric Beyssac; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Ruben Merino-Guzman; Casey Owens; Billy M. Hargis; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Evaluation of Cellulosic Polymers and Curcumin to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects on Performance, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Toxins 2019, 11, 121 .

AMA Style

Bruno Solis-Cruz, Daniel Hernandez-Patlan, Victor M. Petrone, Karine P. Pontin, Juan D. Latorre, Eric Beyssac, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Ruben Merino-Guzman, Casey Owens, Billy M. Hargis, Raquel Lopez-Arellano, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. Evaluation of Cellulosic Polymers and Curcumin to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects on Performance, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Toxins. 2019; 11 (2):121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bruno Solis-Cruz; Daniel Hernandez-Patlan; Victor M. Petrone; Karine P. Pontin; Juan D. Latorre; Eric Beyssac; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Ruben Merino-Guzman; Casey Owens; Billy M. Hargis; Raquel Lopez-Arellano; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias. 2019. "Evaluation of Cellulosic Polymers and Curcumin to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects on Performance, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens." Toxins 11, no. 2: 121.

Original research article
Published: 31 August 2016 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the risks involved in the use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) or Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in commercial poultry and determine the effects of a probiotic as an antibiotic alternative. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the risks involved in the use of Enrofloxacin for SE or SH in commercial poultry. Exp 1 consisted of 2 trials. In each trial, chickens were assigned to one of three groups; control + SE challenged; Enrofloxacin 25 mg/kg + SE; Enrofloxacin 50 mg/kg + SE. Chickens received Enrofloxacin in the drinking water from days 1 to 5 of age. On day 6, all groups received fresh water without any treatment. All chickens were orally gavaged with 107 cfu/chick of SE at 7 days of age and euthanized on 8 days of age. In Exp 2, turkey poults were assigned to one of the three groups; control + SH; probiotic + SH; Enrofloxacin 50 mg/kg + SH. Poults received probiotic or Enrofloxacin in the drinking water from days 1 to 5 of age. On day 6, poults received fresh water without any treatment. Poults were orally gavaged with 107 cfu/poult of SH at 7 days of age. Poults were weighted and humanely killed 24 h post-SH challenge to evaluate serum concentration of FITC-D to evaluate intestinal permeability, metagenomics and SH infection. In both trials of Exp 1, chickens treated with Enrofloxacin were more susceptible to SE organ invasion and intestinal colonization when compared with control non-treated chickens (P < 0.05). In Exp 2, poults treated with 50 mg/kg of Enrofloxacin showed an increase in body weight, however, this group also showed an increase in SH susceptibility, intestinal permeability and lower proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but with control group had the highest proportion of Proteobacteria. In contrast, poults that received the probiotic had the highest proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but lowest Proteobacteria. The results of the present study suggest that prophylactic utilization of Enrofloxacin at 5 times the recommended dose in poultry, increases the susceptibility to salmonellae infections, and confirms probiotics may be an

ACS Style

Eduardo Morales-Barrera; Nicole Calhoun; Jose L. Lobato-Tapia; Vivian Lucca; Omar Prado-Rebolledo; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Ruben Merino-Guzman; Victor M. Petrone-García; Juan D. Latorre; Brittany D. Mahaffey; Kyle D. Teague; Lucas E. Graham; Amanda D. Wolfenden; Mikayla F. A. Baxter; Billy M. Hargis; Guillermo Tellez. Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2016, 3, 72 -72.

AMA Style

Eduardo Morales-Barrera, Nicole Calhoun, Jose L. Lobato-Tapia, Vivian Lucca, Omar Prado-Rebolledo, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Ruben Merino-Guzman, Victor M. Petrone-García, Juan D. Latorre, Brittany D. Mahaffey, Kyle D. Teague, Lucas E. Graham, Amanda D. Wolfenden, Mikayla F. A. Baxter, Billy M. Hargis, Guillermo Tellez. Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2016; 3 ():72-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eduardo Morales-Barrera; Nicole Calhoun; Jose L. Lobato-Tapia; Vivian Lucca; Omar Prado-Rebolledo; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Ruben Merino-Guzman; Victor M. Petrone-García; Juan D. Latorre; Brittany D. Mahaffey; Kyle D. Teague; Lucas E. Graham; Amanda D. Wolfenden; Mikayla F. A. Baxter; Billy M. Hargis; Guillermo Tellez. 2016. "Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 3, no. : 72-72.

Original articles
Published: 01 December 2002 in British Poultry Science
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1. Poultry granulocytes are not clearly distinguished from each other with haematoxylineosin (HE) stain; thus, histochemical techniques must be used. Three experiments were carried out using 4-week-old Leghorn chickens. 2. Three, 80-chicken groups were orally infected with (1) 10 8 colony forming units (CFUs) Salmonella enteritidis , or (2) 10 4 Eimeria tenella oocysts, or (3) 10 8 CFUs S. enteritidis + 10 4 E. tenella oocysts. Ten chickens from each group were euthanased and caecum samples obtained. Caecum samples were fixed in 10% formalin (buffered, pH 7.4) at 4, 8, 12 h, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d post-inoculation (PI). 3. Samples were stained using three different staining techniques: HE for the identification of heterophils and eosinophils, Ziehl-Neelsen for mast cells, and p -phenilenediamine dihydrochloride plus pyrocatechol (PPD + PC) for eosinophils. 4. Birds from Experiment 1 showed no changes in the numbers of granulocytes. Birds from Experiments 2 and 3 showed higher numbers of heterophils in caecal mucosa and submucosa separately, on d 5 and 7. In Experiment 3, a decrease was observed in submucosal mast cells on d 3. Chickens from Experiments 2 and 3 showed increased numbers of mucosal mast cells between d 7 and 14. 5. PPD + PC positively stained eosinophils, but not heterophils. 6. Numbers of heterophils and mast cells were increased during the acute inflammatory process caused by E. tenella . Therefore, mast cells could play a role as primary inflammatory cells. Eosinophils seem not to be part of the inflammatory process caused by E. tenella .

ACS Style

Victor Petrone-Garcia; C.F. Constantino; P. Pradal-Roa. Identification and quantification of granulocytes in caecal mucosa and submucosa of chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella and Salmonella enteritidis. British Poultry Science 2002, 43, 653 -661.

AMA Style

Victor Petrone-Garcia, C.F. Constantino, P. Pradal-Roa. Identification and quantification of granulocytes in caecal mucosa and submucosa of chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella and Salmonella enteritidis. British Poultry Science. 2002; 43 (5):653-661.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victor Petrone-Garcia; C.F. Constantino; P. Pradal-Roa. 2002. "Identification and quantification of granulocytes in caecal mucosa and submucosa of chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella and Salmonella enteritidis." British Poultry Science 43, no. 5: 653-661.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2002 in Avian Diseases
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A group of 1-day-old commercial leghorn chickens was prophylactically treated with lymphokines obtained from lymphocyte cultures of chickens previously infected with Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis-immune lymphokines [SE-ILK]) with the objective to investigate the effect of SE-ILK on development of Newcastle disease (ND) infection caused by Chimalguacan strain, a Mexican velogenic ND virus (vNDV). Clinical signs, histologic lesions, and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) serum titers were compared with four other groups, namely, chickens without SE-ILK treatment with virus challenge; with SE-ILK without virus challenge; with nonimmune lymphokine (NILK) treatment and virus challenge; with lymphokine treatment and no virus challenge. SE-ILK was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 ml/chicken and was followed 30 min later with the challenge of vNDV in a dose of 10(7.6) 50% embryo lethal dose/ml per bird. Birds were observed during 21 days of postchallenge. Detection of histologic changes and virus isolation procedures were carried out on the third, seventh, 14th, and 21st postinoculation days. HI tests were performed first before treatment and later on the days of histologic sample collection except on the third postinoculation day. Results showed that SE-ILK administration conferred resistance to the chickens because: 1) it significantly diminished the severity of ND infection by inhibiting appearance of clinical signs (P < 0.001), lesions (P < 0.005), and histopathologic changes (P < 0.005); 2) it decreased vNDV isolation rate from the organs (P < 0.001), and 3) it potentialized and even accelerated (P < 0.005) primary immune response by antibodies in the presence of vNDV.

ACS Style

Julio C. Alfaro; Victor Petrone-Garcia; Tamas Fehervari; Gerardo Nava; Michael Kogut; David Nisbet; Guillermo Tellez. Resistance to Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus in Leghorn Chickens by Use of Prophylactic Lymphokines. Avian Diseases 2002, 46, 525 -534.

AMA Style

Julio C. Alfaro, Victor Petrone-Garcia, Tamas Fehervari, Gerardo Nava, Michael Kogut, David Nisbet, Guillermo Tellez. Resistance to Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus in Leghorn Chickens by Use of Prophylactic Lymphokines. Avian Diseases. 2002; 46 (3):525-534.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julio C. Alfaro; Victor Petrone-Garcia; Tamas Fehervari; Gerardo Nava; Michael Kogut; David Nisbet; Guillermo Tellez. 2002. "Resistance to Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus in Leghorn Chickens by Use of Prophylactic Lymphokines." Avian Diseases 46, no. 3: 525-534.