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Kevin Dillman
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland

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Correction
Published: 06 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper

ACS Style

Kevin Dillman; Áróra Árnadóttir; Jukka Heinonen; Michał Czepkiewicz; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. Correction: Dillman et al. Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9390. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5195 .

AMA Style

Kevin Dillman, Áróra Árnadóttir, Jukka Heinonen, Michał Czepkiewicz, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. Correction: Dillman et al. Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9390. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Dillman; Áróra Árnadóttir; Jukka Heinonen; Michał Czepkiewicz; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. 2021. "Correction: Dillman et al. Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9390." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5195.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Utilities Policy
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This case study analyses the potential additional electrical load on Reykjavík's electrical grid spatially and temporally (2019–2050) due to the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) according to different pro-EV policies. A cost estimate of the required upgrades is provided. The results of the research show that the electrical system could face strain with a potential peak load increase of 67–114% over the study period. Spatiotemporal analysis can thus aid policymakers and grid planners in understanding where and when the electrical system could be put at risk due to EV charging and plan accordingly.

ACS Style

Kevin Joseph Dillman; Reza Fazeli; Ehsan Shafiei; Jón Örvar G. Jónsson; Hákon Valur Haraldsson; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of electric vehicle integration on Reykjavik's electrical system at the city and distribution system level. Utilities Policy 2020, 68, 101145 .

AMA Style

Kevin Joseph Dillman, Reza Fazeli, Ehsan Shafiei, Jón Örvar G. Jónsson, Hákon Valur Haraldsson, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of electric vehicle integration on Reykjavik's electrical system at the city and distribution system level. Utilities Policy. 2020; 68 ():101145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Joseph Dillman; Reza Fazeli; Ehsan Shafiei; Jón Örvar G. Jónsson; Hákon Valur Haraldsson; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. 2020. "Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of electric vehicle integration on Reykjavik's electrical system at the city and distribution system level." Utilities Policy 68, no. : 101145.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Transportation plays a defining role in daily life, and this transport activity acts as a major source of global (GHG) emissions. Cities are macro-level actors that can measure and govern the transportation sector and associated GHG emissions with their boundaries. This study thus performed a scenario analysis using the Reykjavik capital area as a case study, developing a business-as-usual case and five additional “What-If” scenarios using the story-and-simulation approach, modelling and decomposing the effects of axis-based technological and behavioural/urban form changes, estimating both direct and indirect emissions for each scenario. Reykjavik provides an interesting case study as a city in which the electrical grid is already highly decarbonized and has a dominant car culture. Studying Reykjavik provides insight regarding the GHG impacts of an e-transition counter-balanced by high levels of car ownership. The results showed that while e-mobility development would lead to less direct emissions, in terms of total GHG emissions, changes to travel behaviour and urban form would lead to less total GHG emissions. However, this research highlights that even with an already decarbonized electrical grid, an integrated approach of the two axes changes would be required within cities to achieve deep levels of decarbonization.

ACS Style

Kevin Dillman; Michał Czepkiewicz; Jukka Heinonen; Reza Fazeli; Áróra Árnadóttir; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir; Ehsan Shafiei. Decarbonization scenarios for Reykjavik’s passenger transport: The combined effects of behavioural changes and technological developments. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 65, 102614 .

AMA Style

Kevin Dillman, Michał Czepkiewicz, Jukka Heinonen, Reza Fazeli, Áróra Árnadóttir, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir, Ehsan Shafiei. Decarbonization scenarios for Reykjavik’s passenger transport: The combined effects of behavioural changes and technological developments. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 65 ():102614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Dillman; Michał Czepkiewicz; Jukka Heinonen; Reza Fazeli; Áróra Árnadóttir; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir; Ehsan Shafiei. 2020. "Decarbonization scenarios for Reykjavik’s passenger transport: The combined effects of behavioural changes and technological developments." Sustainable Cities and Society 65, no. : 102614.

Review
Published: 11 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are often considered a potential solution to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originating from personal transport vehicles, but this has also been questioned due to their high production emissions. In this study, we performed an extensive literature review of existing EV life-cycle assessments (LCAs) and a meta-analysis of the studies in the review, extracting life-cycle GHG emission data combined with a standardized methodology for estimating GHG electrical grid intensities across the European Economic Area (EEA), which were used to estimate a set of environmental breakeven points for each EEA country. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to provide sensitivity analysis. The results of the review suggest a need for greater methodological and data transparency within EV LCA research. The meta-analysis found a subset of countries across the EEA where there is a potential that EVs could lead to greater life-cycle GHG emissions than a comparable diesel counterpart. A policy discussion highlights how EV policies in countries with contrasting GHG electric grid intensities may not reflect the current techno-environmental reality. This paper emphasizes the importance for researchers to accurately depict life-cycle vehicle emissions and the need for EEA countries to enact policies corresponding to their respective contextual conditions to avoid potentially enacting policies that could lead to greater GHG emissions.

ACS Style

Kevin Joseph Dillman; Áróra Árnadóttir; Jukka Heinonen; Michał Czepkiewicz; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9390 .

AMA Style

Kevin Joseph Dillman, Áróra Árnadóttir, Jukka Heinonen, Michał Czepkiewicz, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Joseph Dillman; Áróra Árnadóttir; Jukka Heinonen; Michał Czepkiewicz; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. 2020. "Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9390.