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Gustavo Palacios
Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA

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Virology division news
Published: 31 August 2021 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2021, 1 -54.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R. Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J. Bennett, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B. Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Judith K. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L. de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, J. Felix Drexler, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W. Ferguson, Anthony R. Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L. Goldberg, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong, Ni Hong, Seiji Hongo, Masayuki Horie, John S. Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R. Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H. Hyndman, M. Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, Karia H. Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Eric M. Leroy, Shaorong Li, Longhui Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Huazhen Liu, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M. Miller, Tobi J. Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J. Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Adam C. Park, Colin R. Parrish, David A. Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R. Pérez, Thomas S. Postler, Liying Qi, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya, Angela D. Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G. Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A. Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, David P. Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S. Towner, Shinya Tsuda, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Guoping Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Yaqin Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi, Shaohua Wen, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu, Lei Xu, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Zuokun Yang, F. Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Song Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2021; ():1-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021. "2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology , no. : 1-54.

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Published: 27 July 2021 in Cell Reports Medicine
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Summary Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is one of four ebolaviruses known to cause disease in humans. Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) outbreaks occurred in 2007–2008 in Bundibugyo District, Uganda, and in 2012 in Isiro, Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The 2012 BVD outbreak resulted in 38 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection, 13 of whom died. However, only 4 BDBV specimens from the 2012 outbreak have been sequenced. Here, we provide BDBV sequences from seven additional patients. Analysis of the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of the 2012 outbreak with these additional isolates challenges the current hypothesis that the outbreak was the result of a single spillover event. In addition, one patient record indicates that BDBV's initial emergence in Isiro occurred 50 days earlier than previously accepted. Collectively, this work demonstrates how retrospective sequencing can be used to elucidate outbreak origins and provide epidemiological contexts to a medically relevant pathogen.

ACS Style

Christine E. Hulseberg; Raina Kumar; Nicholas Di Paola; Peter Larson; Elyse R. Nagle; Joshua Richardson; Jarod Hanson; Nadia Wauquier; Joseph N. Fair; Maria Makuwa; Prime Mulembakani; Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Randal J. Schoepp; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo F. Palacios; Jens H. Kuhn; Jeffrey R. Kugelman. Molecular analysis of the 2012 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak. Cell Reports Medicine 2021, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Christine E. Hulseberg, Raina Kumar, Nicholas Di Paola, Peter Larson, Elyse R. Nagle, Joshua Richardson, Jarod Hanson, Nadia Wauquier, Joseph N. Fair, Maria Makuwa, Prime Mulembakani, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Randal J. Schoepp, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Gustavo F. Palacios, Jens H. Kuhn, Jeffrey R. Kugelman. Molecular analysis of the 2012 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak. Cell Reports Medicine. 2021; 2 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine E. Hulseberg; Raina Kumar; Nicholas Di Paola; Peter Larson; Elyse R. Nagle; Joshua Richardson; Jarod Hanson; Nadia Wauquier; Joseph N. Fair; Maria Makuwa; Prime Mulembakani; Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Randal J. Schoepp; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo F. Palacios; Jens H. Kuhn; Jeffrey R. Kugelman. 2021. "Molecular analysis of the 2012 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak." Cell Reports Medicine 2, no. 8: 1.

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Published: 01 May 2021 in Cell Reports
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Summary Bats asymptomatically harbor many viruses that can cause severe human diseases. The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) is the only known reservoir for Marburgviruses and Sosuga virus, making it an exceptional animal model to study antiviral mechanisms in an asymptomatic host. With this goal in mind, we constructed and annotated the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, finding an expansion on immunoglobulin variable genes associated with protective human antibodies to different viruses. We also annotated two functional and distinct immunoglobulin epsilon genes and four distinctive functional immunoglobulin gamma genes. We described the Fc receptor repertoire in ERBs, including features that may affect activation potential, and discovered the lack of evolutionary conserved short pentraxins. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that a differential threshold of regulation and/or absence of key immune mediators may promote tolerance and decrease inflammation in ERBs.

ACS Style

Peter A. Larson; Maggie L. Bartlett; Karla Garcia; Joseph Chitty; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Jonathan Towner; Jeffrey Kugelman; Gustavo Palacios; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart. Genomic features of humoral immunity support tolerance model in Egyptian rousette bats. Cell Reports 2021, 35, 109140 .

AMA Style

Peter A. Larson, Maggie L. Bartlett, Karla Garcia, Joseph Chitty, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Jonathan Towner, Jeffrey Kugelman, Gustavo Palacios, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart. Genomic features of humoral immunity support tolerance model in Egyptian rousette bats. Cell Reports. 2021; 35 (7):109140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter A. Larson; Maggie L. Bartlett; Karla Garcia; Joseph Chitty; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Jonathan Towner; Jeffrey Kugelman; Gustavo Palacios; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart. 2021. "Genomic features of humoral immunity support tolerance model in Egyptian rousette bats." Cell Reports 35, no. 7: 109140.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2021 in Nature Medicine
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On 1 August 2018, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) declared its tenth Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. To aid the epidemiologic response, the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB) implemented an end-to-end genomic surveillance system, including sequencing, bioinformatic analysis and dissemination of genomic epidemiologic results to frontline public health workers. We report 744 new genomes sampled between 27 July 2018 and 27 April 2020 generated by this surveillance effort. Together with previously available sequence data (n = 48 genomes), these data represent almost 24% of all laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus (EBOV) infections in DRC in the period analyzed. We inferred spatiotemporal transmission dynamics from the genomic data as new sequences were generated, and disseminated the results to support epidemiologic response efforts. Here we provide an overview of how this genomic surveillance system functioned, present a full phylodynamic analysis of 792 Ebola genomes from the Nord Kivu outbreak and discuss how the genomic surveillance data informed response efforts and public health decision making. Phylogeographic analysis of 792 Ebola virus genomes from the 2018 oubreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo integrated into an end-to-end surveillance program demonstrates the feasibility of using genomic sequencing data to inform the public health epidemic response in near-real time.

ACS Style

Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki; Allison Black; Daniel B. Mukadi; James Hadfield; Placide Mbala-Kingebeni; Catherine B. Pratt; Amuri Aziza; Moussa M. Diagne; Bailey White; Nella Bisento; Bibiche Nsunda; Marceline Akonga; Martin Faye; Ousmane Faye; Francois Edidi-Atani; Meris Matondo-Kuamfumu; Fabrice Mambu-Mbika; Junior Bulabula; Nicholas Di Paola; Matthias G. Pauthner; Kristian G. Andersen; Gustavo Palacios; Eric Delaporte; Amadou Alpha Sall; Martine Peeters; Michael R. Wiley; Steve Ahuka-Mundeke; Trevor Bedford; Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum. Integration of genomic sequencing into the response to the Ebola virus outbreak in Nord Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nature Medicine 2021, 27, 710 -716.

AMA Style

Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Allison Black, Daniel B. Mukadi, James Hadfield, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Catherine B. Pratt, Amuri Aziza, Moussa M. Diagne, Bailey White, Nella Bisento, Bibiche Nsunda, Marceline Akonga, Martin Faye, Ousmane Faye, Francois Edidi-Atani, Meris Matondo-Kuamfumu, Fabrice Mambu-Mbika, Junior Bulabula, Nicholas Di Paola, Matthias G. Pauthner, Kristian G. Andersen, Gustavo Palacios, Eric Delaporte, Amadou Alpha Sall, Martine Peeters, Michael R. Wiley, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Trevor Bedford, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum. Integration of genomic sequencing into the response to the Ebola virus outbreak in Nord Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nature Medicine. 2021; 27 (4):710-716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki; Allison Black; Daniel B. Mukadi; James Hadfield; Placide Mbala-Kingebeni; Catherine B. Pratt; Amuri Aziza; Moussa M. Diagne; Bailey White; Nella Bisento; Bibiche Nsunda; Marceline Akonga; Martin Faye; Ousmane Faye; Francois Edidi-Atani; Meris Matondo-Kuamfumu; Fabrice Mambu-Mbika; Junior Bulabula; Nicholas Di Paola; Matthias G. Pauthner; Kristian G. Andersen; Gustavo Palacios; Eric Delaporte; Amadou Alpha Sall; Martine Peeters; Michael R. Wiley; Steve Ahuka-Mundeke; Trevor Bedford; Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum. 2021. "Integration of genomic sequencing into the response to the Ebola virus outbreak in Nord Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Nature Medicine 27, no. 4: 710-716.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Viruses
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Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes acute, lethal disease in macaques. We developed a single-plasmid cDNA-launch infectious clone of SHFV (rSHFV) and modified the clone to rescue an enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing rSHFV-eGFP that can be used for rapid and quantitative detection of infection. SHFV has a narrow cell tropism in vitro, with only the grivet MA-104 cell line and a few other grivet cell lines being susceptible to virion entry and permissive to infection. Using rSHFV-eGFP, we demonstrate that one cricetid rodent cell line and three ape cell lines also fully support SHFV replication, whereas 55 human cell lines, 11 bat cell lines, and three rodent cells do not. Interestingly, some human and other mammalian cell lines apparently resistant to SHFV infection are permissive after transfection with the rSHFV-eGFP cDNA-launch plasmid. To further demonstrate the investigative potential of the infectious clone system, we introduced stop codons into eight viral open reading frames (ORFs). This approach suggested that at least one ORF, ORF 2b’, is dispensable for SHFV in vitro replication. Our proof-of-principle experiments indicated that rSHFV-eGFP is a useful tool for illuminating the understudied molecular biology of SHFV.

ACS Style

Yingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Ying Fang; Laura Bollinger; Yanhua Li; Michael Lauck; Elena Postnikova; Steven Mazur; Reed Johnson; Courtney Finch; Sheli Radoshitzky; Gustavo Palacios; Thomas Friedrich; Tony Goldberg; David O’Connor; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn. Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication. Viruses 2021, 13, 632 .

AMA Style

Yingyun Cai, Shuiqing Yu, Ying Fang, Laura Bollinger, Yanhua Li, Michael Lauck, Elena Postnikova, Steven Mazur, Reed Johnson, Courtney Finch, Sheli Radoshitzky, Gustavo Palacios, Thomas Friedrich, Tony Goldberg, David O’Connor, Peter Jahrling, Jens Kuhn. Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Ying Fang; Laura Bollinger; Yanhua Li; Michael Lauck; Elena Postnikova; Steven Mazur; Reed Johnson; Courtney Finch; Sheli Radoshitzky; Gustavo Palacios; Thomas Friedrich; Tony Goldberg; David O’Connor; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn. 2021. "Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication." Viruses 13, no. 4: 632.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in New England Journal of Medicine
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From November 2018 through February 2019, person-to-person transmission of Andes virus (ANDV) hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in Chubut Province, Argentina, and resulted in 34 confirmed infections and 11 deaths. Understanding the genomic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of person-to-person transmission of ANDV is crucial to designing effective interventions. Clinical and epidemiologic information was obtained by means of patient report and from public health centers. Serologic testing, contact-tracing, and next-generation sequencing were used to identify ANDV infection as the cause of this outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and to reconstruct person-to-person transmission events. After a single introduction of ANDV from a rodent reservoir into the human population, transmission was driven by 3 symptomatic persons who attended crowded social events. After 18 cases were confirmed, public health officials enforced isolation of persons with confirmed cases and self-quarantine of possible contacts; these measures most likely curtailed further spread. The median reproductive number (the number of secondary cases caused by an infected person during the infectious period) was 2.12 before the control measures were enforced and decreased to 0.96 after the measures were implemented. Full genome sequencing of the ANDV strain involved in this outbreak was performed with specimens from 27 patients and showed that the strain that was present (Epuyén/18-19) was similar to the causative strain (Epilink/96) in the first known person-to-person transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by ANDV, which occurred in El Bolsón, Argentina, in 1996. Clinical investigations involving patients with ANDV hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in this outbreak revealed that patients with a high viral load and liver injury were more likely than other patients to spread infection. Disease severity, genomic diversity, age, and time spent in the hospital had no clear association with secondary transmission. Among patients with ANDV hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, high viral titers in combination with attendance at massive social gatherings or extensive contact among persons were associated with a higher likelihood of transmission. (Funded by the Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social de la Nación Argentina and others.).

ACS Style

Valeria P. Martínez; Nicholas Di Paola; Daniel O. Alonso; Unai Pérez-Sautu; Carla M. Bellomo; Ayelén A. Iglesias; Rocio M. Coelho; Beatriz López; Natalia Periolo; Peter A. Larson; Elyse R. Nagle; Joseph A. Chitty; Catherine B. Pratt; Jorge Díaz; Daniel Cisterna; Josefina Campos; Heema Sharma; Bonnie Dighero-Kemp; Emiliano Biondo; Lorena Lewis; Constanza Anselmo; Camila P. Olivera; Fernanda Pontoriero; Enzo Lavarra; Jens H. Kuhn; Teresa Strella; Alexis Edelstein; Miriam I. Burgos; Mario Kaler; Adolfo Rubinstein; Jeffrey R. Kugelman; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Claudia Perandones; Gustavo Palacios. “Super-Spreaders” and Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Argentina. New England Journal of Medicine 2020, 383, 2230 -2241.

AMA Style

Valeria P. Martínez, Nicholas Di Paola, Daniel O. Alonso, Unai Pérez-Sautu, Carla M. Bellomo, Ayelén A. Iglesias, Rocio M. Coelho, Beatriz López, Natalia Periolo, Peter A. Larson, Elyse R. Nagle, Joseph A. Chitty, Catherine B. Pratt, Jorge Díaz, Daniel Cisterna, Josefina Campos, Heema Sharma, Bonnie Dighero-Kemp, Emiliano Biondo, Lorena Lewis, Constanza Anselmo, Camila P. Olivera, Fernanda Pontoriero, Enzo Lavarra, Jens H. Kuhn, Teresa Strella, Alexis Edelstein, Miriam I. Burgos, Mario Kaler, Adolfo Rubinstein, Jeffrey R. Kugelman, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Claudia Perandones, Gustavo Palacios. “Super-Spreaders” and Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Argentina. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020; 383 (23):2230-2241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valeria P. Martínez; Nicholas Di Paola; Daniel O. Alonso; Unai Pérez-Sautu; Carla M. Bellomo; Ayelén A. Iglesias; Rocio M. Coelho; Beatriz López; Natalia Periolo; Peter A. Larson; Elyse R. Nagle; Joseph A. Chitty; Catherine B. Pratt; Jorge Díaz; Daniel Cisterna; Josefina Campos; Heema Sharma; Bonnie Dighero-Kemp; Emiliano Biondo; Lorena Lewis; Constanza Anselmo; Camila P. Olivera; Fernanda Pontoriero; Enzo Lavarra; Jens H. Kuhn; Teresa Strella; Alexis Edelstein; Miriam I. Burgos; Mario Kaler; Adolfo Rubinstein; Jeffrey R. Kugelman; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Claudia Perandones; Gustavo Palacios. 2020. "“Super-Spreaders” and Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Argentina." New England Journal of Medicine 383, no. 23: 2230-2241.

Virology division news
Published: 04 September 2020 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2020, 165, 3023 -3072.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Daniela Alioto, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Simon J. Anthony, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Tomáš Bartonička, Christopher Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Steven B. Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Nihal Buzkan, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, John Chamberlain, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Biao Chen, Michela Chiumenti, Il-Ryong Choi, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, John V. Da Graça, Elena Dal Bó, Alberto M. R. Dávila, Juan Carlos De La Torre, Xavier De Lamballerie, Rik L. De Swart, Patrick L. Di Bello, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Valerian V. Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, Jan Felix Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, Lucie Dufkova, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Jorlan Fernandes, Anthony R. Fooks, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Leonie F. Forth, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Aiah Gbakima, Tracey Goldstein, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Alexandro Guterres, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Mohamed Hassan, Jussi Hepojoki, Satu Hepojoki, Udo Hetzel, Roger Hewson, Bernd Hoffmann, Seiji Hongo, Dirk Höper, Masayuki Horie, Holly R. Hughes, Timothy H. Hyndman, Amara Jambai, Rodrigo Jardim, Dàohóng Jiāng, Qi Jin, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Serpil Karadağ, Karen E. Keller, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Robert A. Lamb, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elba R. S. Lemos, Eric M. Leroy, Dexin Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Mifang Liang, Wénwén Liú, Yàn Liú, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel De Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Giovanni P. Martelli, Robert R. Martin, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sébastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Angelantonio Minafra, Maria Minutolo, Ali Mirazimi, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L. Økland, Renata C. Oliveira, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallas, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Colin R. Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Daniel R. Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Aziz-Ul Rahman, Pedro L. Ramos-González, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Víctor Romanowski, Gabriel Robles Luna, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Daniel Ruzek, Sead Sabanadzovic, Jiří Salát, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Kamil Sarpkaya, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Muhammad Z. Shabbir, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yukio Shirako, Peter Simmonds, Jana Širmarová, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Teemu Smura, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M. Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Petra Straková, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Massimo Turina, Ioannis Tzanetakis, Rainer G. Ulrich, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Hui Wang, Jianwei Wang, Xifeng Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Tàiyún Wèi, Heather Wells, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Zhìqiáng Wú, Xin Yang, Xīnglóu Yáng, Xuejie Yu, Natalya Yutin, F. Murilo Zerbini, Tong Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Guohui Zhou, Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2020; 165 (12):3023-3072.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020. "2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology 165, no. 12: 3023-3072.

Review
Published: 01 September 2020 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases
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The PALM trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo identified a statistically significant survival benefit for two monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics in the treatment of acute Ebola virus disease; however, substantial gaps remain in improving the outcomes of acute Ebola virus disease and for the survivors. Ongoing efforts are needed to develop more effective strategies, particularly for individuals with severe disease, for prevention and treatment of viral persistence in immune-privileged sites, for optimisation of post-exposure prophylaxis, and to increase therapeutic breadth. As antibody-based approaches are identified and advanced, promising small-molecule antivirals currently in clinical stage development should continue to be evaluated for filovirus diseases, with consideration of their added value in combination approaches with bundled supportive care, their penetration in tissues of interest, the absence of interaction with glycoprotein-based vaccines, and filoviral breadth.

ACS Style

Patrick L Iversen; Christopher D Kane; Xiankun Zeng; Rekha G Panchal; Travis K Warren; Sheli R Radoshitzky; Jens H Kuhn; Rajini R Mudhasani; Christopher L Cooper; Amy C Shurtleff; Farooq Nasar; Melek Me Sunay; Allen J Duplantier; Brett P Eaton; Elizabeth E Zumbrun; Sandra L Bixler; Shannon Martin; J Matthew Meinig; Chih-Yuan Chiang; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo F Palacios; Jeffrey R Kugelman; Karen A Martins; Margaret L Pitt; Ian Crozier; David L Saunders. Recent successes in therapeutics for Ebola virus disease: no time for complacency. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2020, 20, e231 -e237.

AMA Style

Patrick L Iversen, Christopher D Kane, Xiankun Zeng, Rekha G Panchal, Travis K Warren, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Jens H Kuhn, Rajini R Mudhasani, Christopher L Cooper, Amy C Shurtleff, Farooq Nasar, Melek Me Sunay, Allen J Duplantier, Brett P Eaton, Elizabeth E Zumbrun, Sandra L Bixler, Shannon Martin, J Matthew Meinig, Chih-Yuan Chiang, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Gustavo F Palacios, Jeffrey R Kugelman, Karen A Martins, Margaret L Pitt, Ian Crozier, David L Saunders. Recent successes in therapeutics for Ebola virus disease: no time for complacency. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020; 20 (9):e231-e237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrick L Iversen; Christopher D Kane; Xiankun Zeng; Rekha G Panchal; Travis K Warren; Sheli R Radoshitzky; Jens H Kuhn; Rajini R Mudhasani; Christopher L Cooper; Amy C Shurtleff; Farooq Nasar; Melek Me Sunay; Allen J Duplantier; Brett P Eaton; Elizabeth E Zumbrun; Sandra L Bixler; Shannon Martin; J Matthew Meinig; Chih-Yuan Chiang; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo F Palacios; Jeffrey R Kugelman; Karen A Martins; Margaret L Pitt; Ian Crozier; David L Saunders. 2020. "Recent successes in therapeutics for Ebola virus disease: no time for complacency." The Lancet Infectious Diseases 20, no. 9: e231-e237.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2020 in Viruses
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging human pathogen, endemic in areas of China, Japan, and the Korea (KOR). It is primarily transmitted through infected ticks and can cause a severe hemorrhagic fever disease with case fatality rates as high as 30%. Despite its high virulence and increasing prevalence, molecular and functional studies in situ are scarce due to the limited availability of high-titer SFTSV exposure stocks. During the course of field virologic surveillance in 2017, we detected SFTSV in ticks and in a symptomatic soldier in a KOR Army training area. SFTSV was isolated from the ticks producing a high-titer viral exposure stock. Through the use of advanced genomic tools, we present here a complete, in-depth characterization of this viral stock, including a comparison with both the virus in its arthropod source and in the human case, and an in vivo study of its pathogenicity. Thanks to this detailed characterization, this SFTSV viral exposure stock constitutes a quality biological tool for the study of this viral agent and for the development of medical countermeasures, fulfilling the requirements of the main regulatory agencies.

ACS Style

Unai Perez-Sautu; Se Gu; Katie Caviness; Dong Song; Yu-Jin Kim; Nicholas Paola; Daesang Lee; Terry Klein; Joseph Chitty; Elyse Nagle; Heung-Chul Kim; Sung-Tae Chong; Brett Beitzel; Daniel Reyes; Courtney Finch; Russ Byrum; Kurt Cooper; Janie Liang; Jens Kuhn; Xiankun Zeng; Kathleen Kuehl; Kayla Coffin; Jun Liu; Hong Oh; Woong Seog; Byung-Sub Choi; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo Palacios; Seong Jeong. A Model for the Production of Regulatory Grade Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Exposure Stocks: From Field Surveillance to Advanced Characterization of SFTSV. Viruses 2020, 12, 958 .

AMA Style

Unai Perez-Sautu, Se Gu, Katie Caviness, Dong Song, Yu-Jin Kim, Nicholas Paola, Daesang Lee, Terry Klein, Joseph Chitty, Elyse Nagle, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Brett Beitzel, Daniel Reyes, Courtney Finch, Russ Byrum, Kurt Cooper, Janie Liang, Jens Kuhn, Xiankun Zeng, Kathleen Kuehl, Kayla Coffin, Jun Liu, Hong Oh, Woong Seog, Byung-Sub Choi, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Gustavo Palacios, Seong Jeong. A Model for the Production of Regulatory Grade Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Exposure Stocks: From Field Surveillance to Advanced Characterization of SFTSV. Viruses. 2020; 12 (9):958.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Unai Perez-Sautu; Se Gu; Katie Caviness; Dong Song; Yu-Jin Kim; Nicholas Paola; Daesang Lee; Terry Klein; Joseph Chitty; Elyse Nagle; Heung-Chul Kim; Sung-Tae Chong; Brett Beitzel; Daniel Reyes; Courtney Finch; Russ Byrum; Kurt Cooper; Janie Liang; Jens Kuhn; Xiankun Zeng; Kathleen Kuehl; Kayla Coffin; Jun Liu; Hong Oh; Woong Seog; Byung-Sub Choi; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo Palacios; Seong Jeong. 2020. "A Model for the Production of Regulatory Grade Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Exposure Stocks: From Field Surveillance to Advanced Characterization of SFTSV." Viruses 12, no. 9: 958.

Article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Nature Communications
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Recent outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), including Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Lassa fever (LF), highlight the urgent need for sensitive, deployable tests to diagnose these devastating human diseases. Here we develop CRISPR-Cas13a-based (SHERLOCK) diagnostics targeting Ebola virus (EBOV) and Lassa virus (LASV), with both fluorescent and lateral flow readouts. We demonstrate on laboratory and clinical samples the sensitivity of these assays and the capacity of the SHERLOCK platform to handle virus-specific diagnostic challenges. We perform safety testing to demonstrate the efficacy of our HUDSON protocol in heat-inactivating VHF viruses before SHERLOCK testing, eliminating the need for an extraction. We develop a user-friendly protocol and mobile application (HandLens) to report results, facilitating SHERLOCK’s use in endemic regions. Finally, we successfully deploy our tests in Sierra Leone and Nigeria in response to recent outbreaks.

ACS Style

Kayla G. Barnes; Anna E. Lachenauer; Adam Nitido; Sameed Siddiqui; Robin Gross; Brett Beitzel; Katherine J. Siddle; Catherine A. Freije; Bonnie Dighero-Kemp; Samar B. Mehta; Amber Carter; Jessica Uwanibe; Fehintola Ajogbasile; Testimony Olumade; Ikponmwosa Odia; John Demby Sandi; Mambu Momoh; Hayden C. Metsky; Chloe K. Boehm; Aaron E. Lin; Molly Kemball; Daniel J. Park; Luis Branco; Matt Boisen; Brian Sullivan; Mihret F. Amare; Abdulwasiu B. Tiamiyu; Zahra F. Parker; Michael Iroezindu; Donald S. Grant; Kayvon Modjarrad; Cameron Myhrvold; Robert F. Garry; Gustavo Palacios; Lisa E. Hensley; Stephen F. Schaffner; Christian T. Happi; Andres Colubri; Pardis C. Sabeti. Deployable CRISPR-Cas13a diagnostic tools to detect and report Ebola and Lassa virus cases in real-time. Nature Communications 2020, 11, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Kayla G. Barnes, Anna E. Lachenauer, Adam Nitido, Sameed Siddiqui, Robin Gross, Brett Beitzel, Katherine J. Siddle, Catherine A. Freije, Bonnie Dighero-Kemp, Samar B. Mehta, Amber Carter, Jessica Uwanibe, Fehintola Ajogbasile, Testimony Olumade, Ikponmwosa Odia, John Demby Sandi, Mambu Momoh, Hayden C. Metsky, Chloe K. Boehm, Aaron E. Lin, Molly Kemball, Daniel J. Park, Luis Branco, Matt Boisen, Brian Sullivan, Mihret F. Amare, Abdulwasiu B. Tiamiyu, Zahra F. Parker, Michael Iroezindu, Donald S. Grant, Kayvon Modjarrad, Cameron Myhrvold, Robert F. Garry, Gustavo Palacios, Lisa E. Hensley, Stephen F. Schaffner, Christian T. Happi, Andres Colubri, Pardis C. Sabeti. Deployable CRISPR-Cas13a diagnostic tools to detect and report Ebola and Lassa virus cases in real-time. Nature Communications. 2020; 11 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kayla G. Barnes; Anna E. Lachenauer; Adam Nitido; Sameed Siddiqui; Robin Gross; Brett Beitzel; Katherine J. Siddle; Catherine A. Freije; Bonnie Dighero-Kemp; Samar B. Mehta; Amber Carter; Jessica Uwanibe; Fehintola Ajogbasile; Testimony Olumade; Ikponmwosa Odia; John Demby Sandi; Mambu Momoh; Hayden C. Metsky; Chloe K. Boehm; Aaron E. Lin; Molly Kemball; Daniel J. Park; Luis Branco; Matt Boisen; Brian Sullivan; Mihret F. Amare; Abdulwasiu B. Tiamiyu; Zahra F. Parker; Michael Iroezindu; Donald S. Grant; Kayvon Modjarrad; Cameron Myhrvold; Robert F. Garry; Gustavo Palacios; Lisa E. Hensley; Stephen F. Schaffner; Christian T. Happi; Andres Colubri; Pardis C. Sabeti. 2020. "Deployable CRISPR-Cas13a diagnostic tools to detect and report Ebola and Lassa virus cases in real-time." Nature Communications 11, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Journal of General Virology
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Members of the family Nairoviridae produce enveloped virions with three single-stranded RNA segments comprising 17.1 to 22.8 kb in total. These viruses are maintained in arthropods and transmitted by ticks to mammals or birds. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is tick-borne and is endemic in most of Asia, Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe whereas Nairobi sheep disease virus, which is also tick-borne, causes lethal haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in small ruminants in Africa and India. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Nairoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/nairoviridae.

ACS Style

Aura R. Garrison; Sergey V. Alkhovsky [Альховский Сергей Владимирович]; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Felicity Burt; Nicholas Di Paola; Koray Ergünay; Roger Hewson; Jens H. Kuhn; Ali Mirazimi; Anna Papa [Άννα Παπά]; Amadou Alpha Sall; Jessica R. Spengler; Gustavo Palacios; ICTV Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nairoviridae. Journal of General Virology 2020, 101, 798 -799.

AMA Style

Aura R. Garrison, Sergey V. Alkhovsky [Альховский Сергей Владимирович], Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Felicity Burt, Nicholas Di Paola, Koray Ergünay, Roger Hewson, Jens H. Kuhn, Ali Mirazimi, Anna Papa [Άννα Παπά], Amadou Alpha Sall, Jessica R. Spengler, Gustavo Palacios, ICTV Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nairoviridae. Journal of General Virology. 2020; 101 (8):798-799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aura R. Garrison; Sergey V. Alkhovsky [Альховский Сергей Владимирович]; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Felicity Burt; Nicholas Di Paola; Koray Ergünay; Roger Hewson; Jens H. Kuhn; Ali Mirazimi; Anna Papa [Άννα Παπά]; Amadou Alpha Sall; Jessica R. Spengler; Gustavo Palacios; ICTV Report Consortium. 2020. "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nairoviridae." Journal of General Virology 101, no. 8: 798-799.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Jill R. Wells; Ian Crozier; Colleen S. Kraft; Mary Elizabeth Sexton; Charles E. Hill; Bruce S. Ribner; Sina Bavari; Gustavo Palacios; William A. Pearce; Russell Van Gelder; Hans Grossniklaus; Lisa Cazares; Xiankun (Kevin) Zeng; Jessica G. Shantha; Steven Yeh. Approach to Cataract Surgery in an Ebola Virus Disease Survivor with Prior Ocular Viral Persistence. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2020, 26, 1553 -1556.

AMA Style

Jill R. Wells, Ian Crozier, Colleen S. Kraft, Mary Elizabeth Sexton, Charles E. Hill, Bruce S. Ribner, Sina Bavari, Gustavo Palacios, William A. Pearce, Russell Van Gelder, Hans Grossniklaus, Lisa Cazares, Xiankun (Kevin) Zeng, Jessica G. Shantha, Steven Yeh. Approach to Cataract Surgery in an Ebola Virus Disease Survivor with Prior Ocular Viral Persistence. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020; 26 (7):1553-1556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jill R. Wells; Ian Crozier; Colleen S. Kraft; Mary Elizabeth Sexton; Charles E. Hill; Bruce S. Ribner; Sina Bavari; Gustavo Palacios; William A. Pearce; Russell Van Gelder; Hans Grossniklaus; Lisa Cazares; Xiankun (Kevin) Zeng; Jessica G. Shantha; Steven Yeh. 2020. "Approach to Cataract Surgery in an Ebola Virus Disease Survivor with Prior Ocular Viral Persistence." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 7: 1553-1556.

Research article
Published: 22 June 2020 in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
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Mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV), a TORCH pathogen, recently initiated a series of large epidemics throughout the Tropics. Animal models are necessary to determine transmission risk and study pathogenesis, as well screen antivirals and vaccine candidates. In this study, we modeled mosquito and sexual transmission of ZIKV in the African green monkey (AGM). Following subcutaneous, intravaginal or intrarectal inoculation of AGMs with ZIKV, we determined the transmission potential and infection dynamics of the virus. AGMs inoculated by all three transmission routes exhibited viremia and viral shedding followed by strong virus neutralizing antibody responses, in the absence of clinical illness. All four of the subcutaneously inoculated AGMs became infected (mean peak viremia: 2.9 log10 PFU/mL, mean duration: 4.3 days) and vRNA was detected in their oral swabs, with infectious virus being detected in a subset of these specimens. Although all four of the intravaginally inoculated AGMs developed virus neutralizing antibody responses, only three had detectable viremia (mean peak viremia: 4.0 log10 PFU/mL, mean duration: 3.0 days). These three AGMs also had vRNA and infectious virus detected in both oral and vaginal swabs. Two of the four intrarectally inoculated AGMs became infected (mean peak viremia: 3.8 log10 PFU/mL, mean duration: 3.5 days). vRNA was detected in oral swabs collected from both of these infected AGMs, and infectious virus was detected in an oral swab from one of these AGMs. Notably, vRNA and infectious virus were detected in vaginal swabs collected from the infected female AGM (peak viral load: 7.5 log10 copies/mL, peak titer: 3.8 log10 PFU/mL, range of detection: 5–21 days post infection). Abnormal clinical chemistry and hematology results were detected and acute lymphadenopathy was observed in some AGMs. Infection dynamics in all three AGM ZIKV models are similar to those reported in the majority of human ZIKV infections. Our results indicate that the AGM can be used as a surrogate to model mosquito or sexual ZIKV transmission and infection. Furthermore, our results suggest that AGMs are likely involved in the enzootic maintenance and amplification cycle of ZIKV. Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily maintained in an enzootic cycle involving nonhuman primates and mosquitoes, with epizootics and epidemics occurring when the virus is introduced into naïve populations of nonhuman primates or humans, respectively. While, the primary transmission mechanism of the virus is by the bite on an infected mosquito, ZIKV can also be sexually transmitted. In an effort to develop novel animal models to study ZIKV disease, and to better understand the role of nonhuman primates as amplification and maintenance hosts of ZIKV in nature, we modeled mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of ZIKV in the enzootic host, the African green monkey (AGM). Infection dynamics and neutralizing antibody responses in all three AGM ZIKV models (subcutaneous, intravaginal and intrarectal) in the absence of clinical illness–recapitulated reported generalized human disease course. Furthermore, we detected prolonged shedding with high viral loads and infectious virus in the vaginal swabs collected from an infected female AGM inoculated intrarectally. Notably, these results support limited human clinical evidence that ZIKV transmission can occur during female-to-male vaginal sexual acts, and furthermore indicate the existence of ZIKV super-spreaders. Finally, our results indicate sexual transmission of ZIKV could occur among infected nonhuman primates (e.g. Chlorocebus spp.) in Africa and may serve as a secondary transmission and maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-nonhuman primate transmission.

ACS Style

Andrew D. Haddow; Unai Perez-Sautu; Michael R. Wiley; Lynn J. Miller; Adrienne E. Kimmel; Lucia M. Principe; Suzanne E. Wollen-Roberts; Joshua D. Shamblin; Stephanie M. Valdez; Lisa Cazares; William D. Pratt; Franco D. Rossi; Luis Lugo-Roman; Sina Bavari; Gustavo Palacios; Aysegul Nalca; Farooq Nasar; M. Louise M. Pitt. Modeling mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus in an enzootic host, the African green monkey. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2020, 14, e0008107 .

AMA Style

Andrew D. Haddow, Unai Perez-Sautu, Michael R. Wiley, Lynn J. Miller, Adrienne E. Kimmel, Lucia M. Principe, Suzanne E. Wollen-Roberts, Joshua D. Shamblin, Stephanie M. Valdez, Lisa Cazares, William D. Pratt, Franco D. Rossi, Luis Lugo-Roman, Sina Bavari, Gustavo Palacios, Aysegul Nalca, Farooq Nasar, M. Louise M. Pitt. Modeling mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus in an enzootic host, the African green monkey. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020; 14 (6):e0008107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew D. Haddow; Unai Perez-Sautu; Michael R. Wiley; Lynn J. Miller; Adrienne E. Kimmel; Lucia M. Principe; Suzanne E. Wollen-Roberts; Joshua D. Shamblin; Stephanie M. Valdez; Lisa Cazares; William D. Pratt; Franco D. Rossi; Luis Lugo-Roman; Sina Bavari; Gustavo Palacios; Aysegul Nalca; Farooq Nasar; M. Louise M. Pitt. 2020. "Modeling mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus in an enzootic host, the African green monkey." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 6: e0008107.

Annotated sequence record
Published: 16 May 2020 in Archives of Virology
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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an important pathogen of medical and veterinary importance in the Americas. In this report, we present the complete genome sequences of five VEEV isolates obtained from pools of Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos (4) or Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi (1) from Iquitos, Peru. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that all five isolates grouped within the VEEV complex sister to VEEV IIIC and are members of subtype IIID. This is the first report of full-length genomic sequences of VEEV IIID.

ACS Style

Susana L. Padilla; Karla Prieto; David J. Dohm; Michael J. Turell; Terry A. Klein; Roberto Fernández; Douglas M. Watts; Robert G. Lowen; Gustavo F. Palacios; Margaret L. Pitt; Michael R. Wiley; Farooq Nasar. Complete genomic sequences of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IIID isolates from mosquitoes. Archives of Virology 2020, 165, 1715 -1717.

AMA Style

Susana L. Padilla, Karla Prieto, David J. Dohm, Michael J. Turell, Terry A. Klein, Roberto Fernández, Douglas M. Watts, Robert G. Lowen, Gustavo F. Palacios, Margaret L. Pitt, Michael R. Wiley, Farooq Nasar. Complete genomic sequences of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IIID isolates from mosquitoes. Archives of Virology. 2020; 165 (7):1715-1717.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana L. Padilla; Karla Prieto; David J. Dohm; Michael J. Turell; Terry A. Klein; Roberto Fernández; Douglas M. Watts; Robert G. Lowen; Gustavo F. Palacios; Margaret L. Pitt; Michael R. Wiley; Farooq Nasar. 2020. "Complete genomic sequences of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IIID isolates from mosquitoes." Archives of Virology 165, no. 7: 1715-1717.

Preprint content
Published: 14 May 2020
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing an exponentially increasing number of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) cases globally. Prioritization of medical countermeasures for evaluation in randomized clinical trials is critically hindered by the lack of COVID-19 animal models that enable accurate, quantifiable, and reproducible measurement of COVID-19 pulmonary disease free from observer bias. We first used serial computed tomography (CT) to demonstrate that bilateral intrabronchial instillation of SARS-CoV-2 into crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) results in mild-to-moderate lung abnormalities qualitatively characteristic of subclinical or mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (e.g., ground-glass opacities with or without reticulation, paving, or alveolar consolidation, peri-bronchial thickening, linear opacities) at typical locations (peripheral>central, posterior and dependent, bilateral, multi-lobar). We then used positron emission tomography (PET) analysis to demonstrate increased FDG uptake in the CT-defined lung abnormalities and regional lymph nodes. PET/CT imaging findings appeared in all macaques as early as 2 days post-exposure, variably progressed, and subsequently resolved by 6–12 days post-exposure. Finally, we applied operator-independent, semi-automatic quantification of the volume and radiodensity of CT abnormalities as a possible primary endpoint for immediate and objective efficacy testing of candidate medical countermeasures.

ACS Style

Courtney L. Finch; Ian Crozier; Ji Hyun Lee; Russ Byrum; Timothy K. Cooper; Janie Liang; Kaleb Sharer; Jeffrey Solomon; Philip J. Sayre; Gregory Kocher; Christopher Bartos; Nina M. Aiosa; Marcelo Castro; Peter A. Larson; Ricky Adams; Brett Beitzel; Nicholas Di Paola; Jeffrey R. Kugelman; Jonathan R. Kurtz; Tracey Burdette; Martha C. Nason; Irwin M. Feuerstein; Gustavo Palacios; Marisa C. St. Claire; Matthew G. Lackemeyer; Reed F. Johnson; Katarina M. Braun; Mitchell D. Ramuta; Jiro Wada; Connie S. Schmaljohn; Thomas C. Friedrich; David H. O’Connor; Jens H. Kuhn. Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Courtney L. Finch, Ian Crozier, Ji Hyun Lee, Russ Byrum, Timothy K. Cooper, Janie Liang, Kaleb Sharer, Jeffrey Solomon, Philip J. Sayre, Gregory Kocher, Christopher Bartos, Nina M. Aiosa, Marcelo Castro, Peter A. Larson, Ricky Adams, Brett Beitzel, Nicholas Di Paola, Jeffrey R. Kugelman, Jonathan R. Kurtz, Tracey Burdette, Martha C. Nason, Irwin M. Feuerstein, Gustavo Palacios, Marisa C. St. Claire, Matthew G. Lackemeyer, Reed F. Johnson, Katarina M. Braun, Mitchell D. Ramuta, Jiro Wada, Connie S. Schmaljohn, Thomas C. Friedrich, David H. O’Connor, Jens H. Kuhn. Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Courtney L. Finch; Ian Crozier; Ji Hyun Lee; Russ Byrum; Timothy K. Cooper; Janie Liang; Kaleb Sharer; Jeffrey Solomon; Philip J. Sayre; Gregory Kocher; Christopher Bartos; Nina M. Aiosa; Marcelo Castro; Peter A. Larson; Ricky Adams; Brett Beitzel; Nicholas Di Paola; Jeffrey R. Kugelman; Jonathan R. Kurtz; Tracey Burdette; Martha C. Nason; Irwin M. Feuerstein; Gustavo Palacios; Marisa C. St. Claire; Matthew G. Lackemeyer; Reed F. Johnson; Katarina M. Braun; Mitchell D. Ramuta; Jiro Wada; Connie S. Schmaljohn; Thomas C. Friedrich; David H. O’Connor; Jens H. Kuhn. 2020. "Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis)." , no. : 1.

Review article
Published: 04 May 2020 in Nature Reviews Genetics
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Filoviruses such as Ebola virus continue to pose a substantial health risk to humans. Advances in the sequencing and functional characterization of both pathogen and host genomes have provided a wealth of knowledge to clinicians, epidemiologists and public health responders during outbreaks of high-consequence viral disease. Here, we describe how genomics has been historically used to investigate Ebola virus disease outbreaks and how new technologies allow for rapid, large-scale data generation at the point of care. We highlight how genomics extends beyond consensus-level sequencing of the virus to include intra-host viral transcriptomics and the characterization of host responses in acute and persistently infected patients. Similar genomics techniques can also be applied to the characterization of non-human primate animal models and to known natural reservoirs of filoviruses, and metagenomic sequencing can be the key to the discovery of novel filoviruses. Finally, we outline the importance of reverse genetics systems that can swiftly characterize filoviruses as soon as their genome sequences are available.

ACS Style

Nicholas Di Paola; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Xiankun (Kevin) Zeng; Jens H. Kuhn; Gustavo Palacios. Viral genomics in Ebola virus research. Nature Reviews Genetics 2020, 18, 365 -378.

AMA Style

Nicholas Di Paola, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Xiankun (Kevin) Zeng, Jens H. Kuhn, Gustavo Palacios. Viral genomics in Ebola virus research. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2020; 18 (7):365-378.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Di Paola; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Xiankun (Kevin) Zeng; Jens H. Kuhn; Gustavo Palacios. 2020. "Viral genomics in Ebola virus research." Nature Reviews Genetics 18, no. 7: 365-378.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Andes virus is unique among hantaviruses because it can be transmitted from person to person. This mechanism was previously supported by epidemiologic data and genetic evidence based only on partial sequences. We used full-length virus sequencing to confirm person-to-person transmission of this virus in a cluster of 3 cases in Argentina in 2014.

ACS Style

Daniel O. Alonso; Unai Pérez-Sautu; Carla M. Bellomo; Karla Prieto; Ayelén Iglesias; Rocío Coelho; Natalia Periolo; Isabel Domenech; Gabriel Talmon; Romina Hansen; Gustavo Palacios; Valeria P. Martinez. Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Argentina, 2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2020, 26, 756 -759.

AMA Style

Daniel O. Alonso, Unai Pérez-Sautu, Carla M. Bellomo, Karla Prieto, Ayelén Iglesias, Rocío Coelho, Natalia Periolo, Isabel Domenech, Gabriel Talmon, Romina Hansen, Gustavo Palacios, Valeria P. Martinez. Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Argentina, 2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020; 26 (4):756-759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel O. Alonso; Unai Pérez-Sautu; Carla M. Bellomo; Karla Prieto; Ayelén Iglesias; Rocío Coelho; Natalia Periolo; Isabel Domenech; Gabriel Talmon; Romina Hansen; Gustavo Palacios; Valeria P. Martinez. 2020. "Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Argentina, 2014." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 4: 756-759.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2020 in Microbiology Resource Announcements
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We sequenced the complete coding genome of the western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) strain Fleming. This strain was originally isolated in 1938 from a human WEEV case.

ACS Style

Crystal W. Burke; Michael R. Wiley; Brett F. Beitzel; Christina Gardner; Yan-Jang Huang; Ashley E. Piper; Dana L. Vanlandingham; Stephen Higgs; Gustavo Palacios; Pamela J. Glass. Complete Coding Sequence of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Strain Fleming, Isolated from a Human Case. Microbiology Resource Announcements 2020, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Crystal W. Burke, Michael R. Wiley, Brett F. Beitzel, Christina Gardner, Yan-Jang Huang, Ashley E. Piper, Dana L. Vanlandingham, Stephen Higgs, Gustavo Palacios, Pamela J. Glass. Complete Coding Sequence of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Strain Fleming, Isolated from a Human Case. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 2020; 9 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Crystal W. Burke; Michael R. Wiley; Brett F. Beitzel; Christina Gardner; Yan-Jang Huang; Ashley E. Piper; Dana L. Vanlandingham; Stephen Higgs; Gustavo Palacios; Pamela J. Glass. 2020. "Complete Coding Sequence of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Strain Fleming, Isolated from a Human Case." Microbiology Resource Announcements 9, no. 1: 1.

Abstract
Published: 01 January 2020 in Proceedings
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Marburg virus (MARV) presents with a hemorrhagic fever in primates but asymptomatically in its known reservoir, the Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus, ERB). Understanding the biological mechanisms that explain these differential outcomes could be used to develop efficient therapeutics against MARV disease in humans. Since one of the antiviral mechanisms to control viruses is the humoral response, we hypothesize that the B cell repertoire is unique to primates and contributes to the ERB’s ability to overcome MARV infection. Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chains undergo DNA rearrangement to generate a diverse repertoire. To be able to study B cell rearrangement, the accurate annotation of the Ig heavy chain (IGH) locus is needed. We implemented three complementary strategies to describe and annotate the IGH locus of ERBs. First, we identified and annotated genes at the IGH locus, utilizing the previously described genome and transcriptome of the ERB our group created in collaboration with the CDC and the University of Boston. Second, we sequenced the specific IgM transcriptome of B cells from ERB peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), to confirm or identify new IGH germline genes. Third, we generated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries to confirm and improve the layout of the IGH locus. We were able to resolve misassemblies of these regions and identify multiple gene expansions unique to ERBs that may contribute to their ability to generate B cell diversity and control infections. We found an expansion of genes associated with protection from various viruses in humans, differential expression of ERB isotypes across tissues, and two functional IgE genes.

ACS Style

Maggie L. Bartlett; Peter A. Larson; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo Palacios. Unique Features of Immunity within the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus of Egyptian Rousette Bats. Proceedings 2020, 50, 142 .

AMA Style

Maggie L. Bartlett, Peter A. Larson, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Gustavo Palacios. Unique Features of Immunity within the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus of Egyptian Rousette Bats. Proceedings. 2020; 50 (1):142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maggie L. Bartlett; Peter A. Larson; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Gustavo Palacios. 2020. "Unique Features of Immunity within the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus of Egyptian Rousette Bats." Proceedings 50, no. 1: 142.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2019 in mSphere
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Marburg viruses (MARVs) cause severe human disease resulting from aberrant immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are primary targets of infection and are dysregulated by MARV. Dysregulation of DCs facilitates MARV replication and virus dissemination and influences downstream immune responses that result in immunopathology. Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) are natural reservoirs of MARV, and infection results in virus replication and shedding, with asymptomatic control of the virus within weeks. The mechanisms that bats employ to appropriately respond to infection while avoiding disease are unknown. Because DC infection and modulation are important early events in human disease, we measured the transcriptional responses of ERB DCs to MARV. The significance of this work is in identifying cell type-specific coevolved responses between ERBs and MARV, which gives insight into how bat reservoirs are able to harbor MARV and permit viral replication, allowing transmission and maintenance in the population while simultaneously preventing immunopathogenesis.

ACS Style

Joseph Prescott; Jonathan C. Guito; Jessica R. Spengler; Catherine Arnold; Amy J. Schuh; Brian R. Amman; Tara K. Sealy; Lisa W. Guerrero; Gustavo Palacios; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Cesar G. Albariño; Jonathan S. Towner. Rousette Bat Dendritic Cells Overcome Marburg Virus-Mediated Antiviral Responses by Upregulation of Interferon-Related Genes While Downregulating Proinflammatory Disease Mediators. mSphere 2019, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Joseph Prescott, Jonathan C. Guito, Jessica R. Spengler, Catherine Arnold, Amy J. Schuh, Brian R. Amman, Tara K. Sealy, Lisa W. Guerrero, Gustavo Palacios, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Cesar G. Albariño, Jonathan S. Towner. Rousette Bat Dendritic Cells Overcome Marburg Virus-Mediated Antiviral Responses by Upregulation of Interferon-Related Genes While Downregulating Proinflammatory Disease Mediators. mSphere. 2019; 4 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joseph Prescott; Jonathan C. Guito; Jessica R. Spengler; Catherine Arnold; Amy J. Schuh; Brian R. Amman; Tara K. Sealy; Lisa W. Guerrero; Gustavo Palacios; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Cesar G. Albariño; Jonathan S. Towner. 2019. "Rousette Bat Dendritic Cells Overcome Marburg Virus-Mediated Antiviral Responses by Upregulation of Interferon-Related Genes While Downregulating Proinflammatory Disease Mediators." mSphere 4, no. 6: 1.