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One of the challenges for agriculture in the coming years will be producing more food avoiding reducing the nutritional values of fruits and vegetables, sources of nutraceutical compounds. It has been demonstrated that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used as a supplementary light (SL) technology improve tomato yield in Mediterranean greenhouses, but few data have been reported about SL effects on fruit physio-chemical parameters. In this study, three tomato hybrid (F1) cultivars were grown for year-round production in a commercial semi-closed glasshouse in Southern Italy: red cherry type (“Sorentyno”), red plum type (“Solarino”), and yellow plum type (“Maggino”). From 120 to 243 days after transplant (DAT), Red/White/Blue LEDs were used as SL. The fruits harvested 180 DAT were analyzed and those obtained under LEDs had 3% more dry weight, 15% more total soluble solids, and 16% higher titratable acidity than fruits grown only under natural light. Generally, the antioxidant activity and the mineral profile of the fruits were not negatively influenced by SL. Lycopene content was unchanged and vitamin C content of “Sorentyno” even increased by 15% under LEDs. Overall, LEDs used as SL technology could be one of the tools used by agriculture in Mediterranean basin to produce more food maintaining high quality production.
Onofrio Palmitessa; Miriana Durante; Sofia Caretto; Francesco Milano; Massimiliano D'Imperio; Francesco Serio; Pietro Santamaria. Supplementary Light Differently Influences Physico-Chemical Parameters and Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Hybrids. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 687 .
AMA StyleOnofrio Palmitessa, Miriana Durante, Sofia Caretto, Francesco Milano, Massimiliano D'Imperio, Francesco Serio, Pietro Santamaria. Supplementary Light Differently Influences Physico-Chemical Parameters and Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Hybrids. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnofrio Palmitessa; Miriana Durante; Sofia Caretto; Francesco Milano; Massimiliano D'Imperio; Francesco Serio; Pietro Santamaria. 2021. "Supplementary Light Differently Influences Physico-Chemical Parameters and Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Hybrids." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 687.
High-tech greenhouses and artificial light applications aim to improve food production, in line with one of the sustainable development goals of the UN Agenda 2030, namely, “zero hunger”. In the past, the incandescent lamps have been used for supplementary lighting (SL) at higher latitudes to increase greenhouse production during the dark season. Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been replacing gas discharge and incandescent lamps, and their development is expanding SL applications in different agricultural scenarios (e.g., urban farming, middle latitudes). In fact, recent research on LED applications in Mediterranean greenhouses have produced encouraging results. Since middle latitudes have a higher daily light integral (DLI) than higher latitudes in the dark season and climate conditions influence the installed power load of greenhouses, LED installation and management in Mediterranean greenhouses should be different and less expensive in terms of investment and energy consumption. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to outline the state of the art in LED applications and development, with a focus on latitude-related requirements. Tomato was used as a representative crop.
Onofrio Palmitessa; Marco Pantaleo; Pietro Santamaria. Applications and Development of LEDs as Supplementary Lighting for Tomato at Different Latitudes. Agronomy 2021, 11, 835 .
AMA StyleOnofrio Palmitessa, Marco Pantaleo, Pietro Santamaria. Applications and Development of LEDs as Supplementary Lighting for Tomato at Different Latitudes. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnofrio Palmitessa; Marco Pantaleo; Pietro Santamaria. 2021. "Applications and Development of LEDs as Supplementary Lighting for Tomato at Different Latitudes." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 835.
Using light emitting diodes (LED) instead of conventionally used high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps as a supplemental light source in greenhouses results in a higher efficacy (µmol light per J electricity) and makes it possible to customize the light spectrum. To explore the effects of LED and HPS on gas exchange, thermal relations, photosynthesis, and water status of young tomato plants, seven genotypes were grown in a greenhouse under LED (95% red, 5% blue) or HPS lamps in four experiments differing in the fraction of lamp light over natural light. HPS lights emit a broader spectrum of red (40%), green–yellow (50%), blue (5%), and far-red (5%) and a substantial amount of infrared radiation (heat). Young tomato plants grown under LED showed lower leaf temperature and higher stomatal density, stomatal conductance (gs ) and transpiration rate (E) than plants grown under HPS; this may be due to the different supplemental light spectrum. The young plants grown under LED tended to have increased photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, the water stress indices CWSI and IG, which were obtained using thermal imaging, were positively correlated with gas exchange-derived gs and E, putting forward the use of thermal imaging for the phenotyping of transpiration. Under LED light, photosynthetic gas exchange was generally increased, which agreed with the water stress indices. The extent of this increase was genotype-dependent. All differences between LED and HPS were smaller in the experiments where the fraction of lamp light over natural light was smaller.
Onofrio Palmitessa; Aina Prinzenberg; Elias Kaiser; Ep Heuvelink. LED and HPS Supplementary Light Differentially Affect Gas Exchange in Tomato Leaves. Plants 2021, 10, 810 .
AMA StyleOnofrio Palmitessa, Aina Prinzenberg, Elias Kaiser, Ep Heuvelink. LED and HPS Supplementary Light Differentially Affect Gas Exchange in Tomato Leaves. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):810.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnofrio Palmitessa; Aina Prinzenberg; Elias Kaiser; Ep Heuvelink. 2021. "LED and HPS Supplementary Light Differentially Affect Gas Exchange in Tomato Leaves." Plants 10, no. 4: 810.
In the Mediterranean region, tomato plants are often cultivated in two short cycles per year to avoid the heat of summer and the low solar radiation of winter. Supplementary light (SL) makes it possible to cultivate during the dark season. In this experiment, a tomato F1 hybrid cultivar DRW7723 was cultivated in a greenhouse for a fall-winter cycle. After transplant, light emitting diode (LED) interlighting, with two light spectra (red + blue vs. red + blue + far-red) was applied as SL. Plant growth, yield, gas exchange, nutrient solution (NS) consumption, and fruit quality were analyzed. In general, the effects of adding far-red radiation were not visible on the parameters analyzed, although the yield was 27% higher in plants grown with SL than those grown without. Tomatoes had the same average fresh weight between SL treatments, but the plants grown with SL produced 16% more fruits than control. Fruit quality, gas exchange and NS uptake were not influenced by the addition of far-red light. Interlighting is, therefore, a valid technique to increase fruit production in winter but at our latitude the effects of adding far-red radiation are mitigated by available sunlight.
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa; Beniamino Leoni; Francesco Fabiano Montesano; Francesco Serio; Angelo Signore; Pietro Santamaria. Supplementary Far-Red Light Did Not Affect Tomato Plant Growth or Yield under Mediterranean Greenhouse Conditions. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1849 .
AMA StyleOnofrio Davide Palmitessa, Beniamino Leoni, Francesco Fabiano Montesano, Francesco Serio, Angelo Signore, Pietro Santamaria. Supplementary Far-Red Light Did Not Affect Tomato Plant Growth or Yield under Mediterranean Greenhouse Conditions. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):1849.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnofrio Davide Palmitessa; Beniamino Leoni; Francesco Fabiano Montesano; Francesco Serio; Angelo Signore; Pietro Santamaria. 2020. "Supplementary Far-Red Light Did Not Affect Tomato Plant Growth or Yield under Mediterranean Greenhouse Conditions." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 1849.
Supplemental light (SL) is a technique used to increase horticulture yield, especially in northern countries, where the Daily Light Integral (DLI) is a limiting factor during fall and winter, and which could also be used to obtain higher tomato yield at the Mediterranean latitude. In this study, three tomato hybrid (F1) cultivars were grown for year-round production in a commercial semi-closed glasshouse in Southern Italy: two of the cherry fruit-type (‘Juanita’ and ‘Sorentyno’) and one mini plum fruit-type (‘Solarino’). From 120 to 243 days after transplant, light-emitting diode (LED) toplights were used as SL, with a photoperiod of 18 h. The main climatic parameters inside and outside the glasshouse were recorded, and tomato plants’ development and yield were examined. Plants grown with LEDs had longer stems as compared to control treatment (9.53 vs. 8.79 m), a higher stem thickness and yielded more trusses. On average, the yield was 21.7% higher with LEDs. ‘Sorentyno’ was the cultivar with the highest cumulated productivity when it was grown under SL. However, the cultivar with best light use efficiency under LEDs was ‘Solarino’. Therefore, supplemental LED from mid-December until March enhanced tomato growth and yield, opening a favorable scenario for large-scale application of this technology also in the Mediterranean area.
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa; Paolo Paciello; Pietro Santamaria. Supplemental LED Increases Tomato Yield in Mediterranean Semi-Closed Greenhouse. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1353 .
AMA StyleOnofrio Davide Palmitessa, Paolo Paciello, Pietro Santamaria. Supplemental LED Increases Tomato Yield in Mediterranean Semi-Closed Greenhouse. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnofrio Davide Palmitessa; Paolo Paciello; Pietro Santamaria. 2020. "Supplemental LED Increases Tomato Yield in Mediterranean Semi-Closed Greenhouse." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1353.
Microgreens are gaining more and more interest, but little information is available on the effects of the chemical composition of the nutrient solution on the microgreen yield. In this study, three Brassica genotypes (B. oleracea var. italica, B. oleracea var. botrytis, and Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris L. Janch. var. esculenta Hort) were fertigated with three modified strength Hoagland nutrient solutions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 strength) or with three modified half-strength Hoagland nutrient solutions with three different NH4:NO3 molar ratios (5:95, 15:85, and 25:75). Microgreen yields and content of inorganic ions, dietary fiber, proteins, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene were evaluated. Micro cauliflower showed the highest yield, as well as a higher content of mineral elements and α-tocopherol (10.4 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight (FW)) than other genotypes. The use of nutrient solution at half strength gave both a high yield (0.23 g cm−2) and a desirable seedling height. By changing the NH4:NO3 molar ratio in the nutrient solution, no differences were found on yield and growing parameters, although the highest β-carotene content (6.3 mg 100 g−1 FW) was found by using a NH4:NO3 molar ratio of 25:75. The lowest nitrate content (on average 6.8 g 100 g−1 dry weight) was found in micro broccoli and micro broccoli raab by using a nutrient solution with NH4:NO3 molar ratios of 25:75 and 5:95, respectively. Micro cauliflower fertigated with a NH4:NO3 molar ratio of 25:75 showed the highest dry matter (9.8 g 100 g−1 FW) and protein content (4.2 g 100 g−1 FW).
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa; Massimiliano Renna; Pasquale Crupi; Angelo Lovece; Filomena Corbo; Pietro Santamaria. Yield and Quality Characteristics of Brassica Microgreens as Affected by the NH4:NO3 Molar Ratio and Strength of the Nutrient Solution. Foods 2020, 9, 677 .
AMA StyleOnofrio Davide Palmitessa, Massimiliano Renna, Pasquale Crupi, Angelo Lovece, Filomena Corbo, Pietro Santamaria. Yield and Quality Characteristics of Brassica Microgreens as Affected by the NH4:NO3 Molar Ratio and Strength of the Nutrient Solution. Foods. 2020; 9 (5):677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnofrio Davide Palmitessa; Massimiliano Renna; Pasquale Crupi; Angelo Lovece; Filomena Corbo; Pietro Santamaria. 2020. "Yield and Quality Characteristics of Brassica Microgreens as Affected by the NH4:NO3 Molar Ratio and Strength of the Nutrient Solution." Foods 9, no. 5: 677.