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G. Holloway
Department of Applied Economics and Marketing, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whitenights, P.O. Box 217, Reading Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK

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Journal article
Published: 23 September 2020 in Sustainability
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The desire for refining status quo cost–benefit protocols to fully encompass econometric model uncertainty motivates the search for improved technology. Availability of unique Ethiopian highlands milk-market livestock data provides an ideal laboratory for investigation of alternative land-use pathway designs. In these contexts, we present novel methodology for ranking and selecting sustainable ‘land-use pathways,’ arguing that the methodology is central to sustainable-land-use-policy prescriptions, providing essential innovation to assessments hitherto devoid of probabilistic foundation. Demonstrating routine implementation of Markov-Chain, Monte-Carlo procedure, ranking-and-selection enactment is widely disseminable and potentially valuable to land-use policy prescription. Application to a sample of Ethiopian-highlands, land-dependent households highlights empirical gains compared to conventional methodology. Applications and extensions that profit future land-use sustainability within the Ethiopian highlands and, also, more generally, are discussed.

ACS Style

Garth Holloway. Sustainable Land-Use Pathway Ranking and Selection. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7881 .

AMA Style

Garth Holloway. Sustainable Land-Use Pathway Ranking and Selection. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7881.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway. 2020. "Sustainable Land-Use Pathway Ranking and Selection." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7881.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Ecological Economics
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Baqir Lalani; Peter Dorward; Garth Holloway. Farm-level Economic Analysis - Is Conservation Agriculture Helping the Poor? Ecological Economics 2017, 141, 144 -153.

AMA Style

Baqir Lalani, Peter Dorward, Garth Holloway. Farm-level Economic Analysis - Is Conservation Agriculture Helping the Poor? Ecological Economics. 2017; 141 ():144-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baqir Lalani; Peter Dorward; Garth Holloway. 2017. "Farm-level Economic Analysis - Is Conservation Agriculture Helping the Poor?" Ecological Economics 141, no. : 144-153.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Agricultural Systems
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Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been widely promoted as an agro-ecological approach to sustainable production intensification. Despite numerous initiatives promoting CA across Sub-Saharan Africa there have been low rates of adoption. Furthermore, there has been strong debate concerning the ability of CA to provide benefits to smallholder farmers regarding yield, labour, soil quality and weeding, particularly where farmers are unable to access external inputs such as herbicides. This research finds evidence that CA, using no external inputs, is most attractive among the very poor and that farmers are driven primarily by strong motivational factors in the key areas of current contention, namely yield, labour, soil quality and weeding time benefits. This study is the first to incorporate a quantitative socio-psychological model to understand factors driving adoption of CA. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), it explores farmers' intention to use CA (within the next 12 months) in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique where CA has been promoted for almost a decade. The study site provides a rich population from which to examine farmers' decision making in using CA. Regression estimates show that the TPB provides a valid model of explaining farmers' intention to use CA accounting for 80% of the variation in intention. Farmers' attitude is found to be the strongest predictor of intention. This is mediated through key cognitive drivers present that influence farmers' attitude such as increased yields, reduction in labour, improvement in soil quality and reduction in weeds. Subjective norm (i.e. social pressure from referents) and perceived behavioural control also significantly influenced farmers' intention. Furthermore, path analysis identifies farmers that are members of a Farmer Field School or participants of other organisations (e.g. savings group, seed multiplication group or a specific crop/livestock association) have a significantly stronger positive attitude towards CA with the poorest the most likely users and the cohort that find it the easiest to use. This study provides improved understanding relevant to many developing countries, of smallholder farmers' adoption dynamics related to CA, and of how farmers may approach this and other ‘new’ management systems.

ACS Style

Baqir Lalani; Peter Dorward; Garth Holloway; Erwin Wauters. Smallholder farmers' motivations for using Conservation Agriculture and the roles of yield, labour and soil fertility in decision making. Agricultural Systems 2016, 146, 80 -90.

AMA Style

Baqir Lalani, Peter Dorward, Garth Holloway, Erwin Wauters. Smallholder farmers' motivations for using Conservation Agriculture and the roles of yield, labour and soil fertility in decision making. Agricultural Systems. 2016; 146 ():80-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baqir Lalani; Peter Dorward; Garth Holloway; Erwin Wauters. 2016. "Smallholder farmers' motivations for using Conservation Agriculture and the roles of yield, labour and soil fertility in decision making." Agricultural Systems 146, no. : 80-90.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2014 in Journal of Agricultural Economics
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The political economy literature on agriculture emphasises influence over political outcomes via lobbying conduits in general, political action committee contributions in particular, and the pervasive view that political preferences with respect to agricultural issues are inherently geographic. In this context, ‘interdependence’ in Congressional vote behaviour manifests itself in two dimensions. One dimension is the intensity by which neighbouring vote propensities influence one another, and the second is the geographic extent of voter influence. We estimate these facets of dependence using data on a Congressional vote on the 2001 Farm Bill using routine Markov chain Monte‐Carlo procedures and Bayesian model averaging, in particular. In so doing, we develop a novel procedure to examine both the reliability and the consequences of different model representations for measuring both the ‘scale’ and the ‘scope’ of spatial (geographic) co‐relations in voting behaviour.

ACS Style

Garth Holloway; Donald Lacombe; Timothy M. Shaughnessy. How Large is Congressional Dependence in Agriculture? Bayesian Inference about ‘Scale’ and ‘Scope’ in Measuring a Spatial Externality. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2014, 65, 463 -484.

AMA Style

Garth Holloway, Donald Lacombe, Timothy M. Shaughnessy. How Large is Congressional Dependence in Agriculture? Bayesian Inference about ‘Scale’ and ‘Scope’ in Measuring a Spatial Externality. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2014; 65 (2):463-484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway; Donald Lacombe; Timothy M. Shaughnessy. 2014. "How Large is Congressional Dependence in Agriculture? Bayesian Inference about ‘Scale’ and ‘Scope’ in Measuring a Spatial Externality." Journal of Agricultural Economics 65, no. 2: 463-484.

Research article
Published: 01 August 2012 in International Regional Science Review
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The potential for spatial dependence in models of voter turnout, although plausible from a theoretical perspective, has not been adequately addressed in the literature. Using recent advances in Bayesian computation, the authors formulate and estimate the previously unutilized spatial Durbin error model and apply this model to the question of whether spillovers and unobserved spatial dependence in voter turnout matters from an empirical perspective. Formal Bayesian model comparison techniques are employed to compare the normal linear model, the spatially lagged X model (SLX), the spatial Durbin model, and the spatial Durbin error model. The results overwhelmingly support the spatial Durbin error model as the appropriate empirical model.

ACS Style

Donald J. Lacombe; Garth J. Holloway; Timothy M. Shaughnessy. Bayesian Estimation of the Spatial Durbin Error Model with an Application to Voter Turnout in the 2004 Presidential Election. International Regional Science Review 2012, 37, 298 -327.

AMA Style

Donald J. Lacombe, Garth J. Holloway, Timothy M. Shaughnessy. Bayesian Estimation of the Spatial Durbin Error Model with an Application to Voter Turnout in the 2004 Presidential Election. International Regional Science Review. 2012; 37 (3):298-327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donald J. Lacombe; Garth J. Holloway; Timothy M. Shaughnessy. 2012. "Bayesian Estimation of the Spatial Durbin Error Model with an Application to Voter Turnout in the 2004 Presidential Election." International Regional Science Review 37, no. 3: 298-327.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2011 in Land Use Policy
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This paper analyses organic farming entry decisions using a piece-wise linear depiction of policy. Our goal is to ascertain, from the available but limited information, whether Danish and UK policy measures toward organic agriculture have affected participation. Despite considerable interest in the growth of organic farming there has been little systematic analysis of it, although it is commonly believed that enhanced income levels have played a part. Whilst analyses of organic farming policy have provided extensive reviews of instruments applied, generally speaking, the spirit of those enquiries takes as datum that organic policies have had the desired impacts. Yet such conjectures remain mostly untested. Hence, there is a need to examine systematically if there exist relationships between the introduction of organic farming policies and the growth of organic farming, and whether particular policy measures are more effective than others. Here, we take a first step in this endeavor by undertaking an econometric analysis of the relationship between 14 organic farming policy measures and participation rates in Denmark and the UK during 1989–2007. Using two response variables – the numbers of farmers converted to organic production and the total land area under organic practice – we implement a simple, Bayesian methodology and evaluate the stepwise-linear impacts of policy. Extensions for future work are discussed. Six policy measures in the two study countries were found to be significant influences on participation, five of them direct supply-side instruments. For the UK, all of the policies are annual subsidies for organic farmers once conversion was complete. For Denmark, the policies are the introduction of organic subsidies for non-dairy farms, the extension of subsidies beyond 1997 and support for the costs of marketing services.

ACS Style

Carsten Daugbjerg; Richard Tranter; Caroline Hattam; Garth Holloway. Modelling the impacts of policy on entry into organic farming: Evidence from Danish–UK comparisons, 1989–2007. Land Use Policy 2011, 28, 413 -422.

AMA Style

Carsten Daugbjerg, Richard Tranter, Caroline Hattam, Garth Holloway. Modelling the impacts of policy on entry into organic farming: Evidence from Danish–UK comparisons, 1989–2007. Land Use Policy. 2011; 28 (2):413-422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carsten Daugbjerg; Richard Tranter; Caroline Hattam; Garth Holloway. 2011. "Modelling the impacts of policy on entry into organic farming: Evidence from Danish–UK comparisons, 1989–2007." Land Use Policy 28, no. 2: 413-422.

Original articles
Published: 26 March 2008 in Applied Economics Letters
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This article presents a Bayesian hierarchical approach to estimating stochastic production frontiers in fisheries. Based on our application of this approach to the US West Coast hake fishery, we conclude that (1) panel models with hierarchical structure to allow for boat- and year-specific efficiency measures are preferable to simpler specifications, and (2) there appears to have been a progressive outward shift in the efficient frontier in the shore-based hake fishery during 1987–2003.

ACS Style

David Tomberlin; Garth Holloway. Bayesian hierarchical estimationof technical efficiency in a fishery. Applied Economics Letters 2008, 17, 201 -204.

AMA Style

David Tomberlin, Garth Holloway. Bayesian hierarchical estimationof technical efficiency in a fishery. Applied Economics Letters. 2008; 17 (2):201-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Tomberlin; Garth Holloway. 2008. "Bayesian hierarchical estimationof technical efficiency in a fishery." Applied Economics Letters 17, no. 2: 201-204.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2007 in Journal of Agricultural Economics
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Garth Holloway. Special Feature: Spatial Issues in Agricultural Economics. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2007, 58, 484 -486.

AMA Style

Garth Holloway. Special Feature: Spatial Issues in Agricultural Economics. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2007; 58 (3):484-486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway. 2007. "Special Feature: Spatial Issues in Agricultural Economics." Journal of Agricultural Economics 58, no. 3: 484-486.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2007 in Journal of Agricultural Economics
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We survey the literature on spatial bio-economic and land-use modelling and assess its thematic development. Unobserved site-specific heterogeneity is a feature of almost all the surveyed works, and this feature, it seems, has stimulated significant methodological innovation. In an attempt to improve the suitability with which the prototype incorporates heterogeneity, we consider modelling alternatives and extensions. We discuss solutions and conjecture others. Copyright 2007 The Agricultural Economics Society.

ACS Style

Garth Holloway; Donald Lacombe; James P. Lesage. Spatial Econometric Issues for Bio-Economic and Land-Use Modelling. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2007, 58, 549 -588.

AMA Style

Garth Holloway, Donald Lacombe, James P. Lesage. Spatial Econometric Issues for Bio-Economic and Land-Use Modelling. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2007; 58 (3):549-588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway; Donald Lacombe; James P. Lesage. 2007. "Spatial Econometric Issues for Bio-Economic and Land-Use Modelling." Journal of Agricultural Economics 58, no. 3: 549-588.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2007 in Journal of Agricultural Economics
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Garth Holloway; Ma. Lucila A. LaPar. How Big is Your Neighbourhood? Spatial Implications of Market Participation Among Filipino Smallholders. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2007, 58, 37 -60.

AMA Style

Garth Holloway, Ma. Lucila A. LaPar. How Big is Your Neighbourhood? Spatial Implications of Market Participation Among Filipino Smallholders. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2007; 58 (1):37-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway; Ma. Lucila A. LaPar. 2007. "How Big is Your Neighbourhood? Spatial Implications of Market Participation Among Filipino Smallholders." Journal of Agricultural Economics 58, no. 1: 37-60.

Book chapter
Published: 12 December 2005 in A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation
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We present, pedagogically, the Bayesian approach to composed error models under alternative, hierarchical characterizations; demonstrate, briefly, the Bayesian approach to model comparison using recent advances in Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods; and illustrate, empirically, the value of these techniques to natural resource economics and coastal fisheries management, in particular. The Bayesian approach to fisheries efficiency analysis is interesting for at least three reasons. First, it is a robust and highly flexible alternative to commonly applied, frequentist procedures, which dominate the literature. Second, the Bayesian approach is extremely simple to implement, requiring only a modest addition to most natural-resource economist tool-kits. Third, despite its attractions, applications of Bayesian methodology in coastal fisheries management are few.

ACS Style

Garth Holloway; David Tomberlin; Xavier Irz. Hierarchical Analysis of Production Efficiency in a Coastal Trawl Fishery. A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation 2005, 159 -185.

AMA Style

Garth Holloway, David Tomberlin, Xavier Irz. Hierarchical Analysis of Production Efficiency in a Coastal Trawl Fishery. A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation. 2005; ():159-185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway; David Tomberlin; Xavier Irz. 2005. "Hierarchical Analysis of Production Efficiency in a Coastal Trawl Fishery." A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation , no. : 159-185.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2004 in Agricultural Economics
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Fixed transactions costs that prohibit exchange engender bias in supply analysis due to censoring of the sample observations. The associated bias in conventional regression procedures applied to censored data and the construction of robust methods for mitigating bias have been preoccupations of applied economists since Tobin [Econometrica 26 (1958) 24]. This literature assumes that the true point of censoring in the data is zero and, when this is not the case, imparts a bias to parameter estimates of the censored regression model. We conjecture that this bias can be significant; affirm this from experiments; and suggest techniques for mitigating this bias using Bayesian procedures. The bias‐mitigating procedures are based on modifications of the key step that facilitates Bayesian estimation of the censored regression model; are easy to implement; work well in both small and large samples; and lead to significantly improved inference in the censored regression model. These findings are important in light of the widespread use of the zero‐censored Tobit regression and we investigate their consequences using data on milk‐market participation in the Ethiopian highlands.

ACS Style

Garth Holloway; Charles Nicholson; Chris Delgado; Steve Staal; Simeon Ehui. A revised Tobit procedure for mitigating bias in the presence of non-zero censoring with an application to milk-market participation in the Ethiopian highlands. Agricultural Economics 2004, 31, 97 -106.

AMA Style

Garth Holloway, Charles Nicholson, Chris Delgado, Steve Staal, Simeon Ehui. A revised Tobit procedure for mitigating bias in the presence of non-zero censoring with an application to milk-market participation in the Ethiopian highlands. Agricultural Economics. 2004; 31 (1):97-106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway; Charles Nicholson; Chris Delgado; Steve Staal; Simeon Ehui. 2004. "A revised Tobit procedure for mitigating bias in the presence of non-zero censoring with an application to milk-market participation in the Ethiopian highlands." Agricultural Economics 31, no. 1: 97-106.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2003 in Journal of Agricultural Economics
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Garth Holloway. An Old Problem Revisited—and Solved: Upton and Dalton's Linear Production Response: A Note. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2003, 54, 487 -497.

AMA Style

Garth Holloway. An Old Problem Revisited—and Solved: Upton and Dalton's Linear Production Response: A Note. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2003; 54 (3):487-497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth Holloway. 2003. "An Old Problem Revisited—and Solved: Upton and Dalton's Linear Production Response: A Note." Journal of Agricultural Economics 54, no. 3: 487-497.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2003 in Food Policy
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We investigate the factors precipitating market entry where smallholders make decisions about participation (a discrete choice about whether to sell quantities of products) and supply (a continuous-valued choice about how much quantity to sell) in a cross-section of smallholders in Northern Luzon, Philippines, in a model that combines basic probit and Tobit ideas, is implemented using Bayesian methods, and generates precise estimates of the inputs required in order to effect entry among the non-participants. We estimate the total amounts of (cattle, buffalo, pig and chicken) livestock input required to effect entry and compare and contrast the alternative input requirements. To the extent that our smallholder sample may be representative of a wide and broader set of circumstances, our findings shed light on offsetting impacts of conflicting factors that complicate the roles for policy in the context of expanding the density of participation.

ACS Style

M.L. Lapar; G. Holloway; S. Ehui. Policy options promoting market participation among smallholder livestock producers: a case study from the Phillipines. Food Policy 2003, 28, 187 -211.

AMA Style

M.L. Lapar, G. Holloway, S. Ehui. Policy options promoting market participation among smallholder livestock producers: a case study from the Phillipines. Food Policy. 2003; 28 (3):187-211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.L. Lapar; G. Holloway; S. Ehui. 2003. "Policy options promoting market participation among smallholder livestock producers: a case study from the Phillipines." Food Policy 28, no. 3: 187-211.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2001 in American Journal of Agricultural Economics
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Garth John Holloway, Simeon K. Ehui; Demand, Supply and Willingness-to-Pay for Extension Services in an Emerging-Market Setting, American Journal of Agricultur

ACS Style

Garth John Holloway; Simeon K. Ehui. Demand, Supply and Willingness‐to‐Pay for Extension Services in an Emerging‐Market Setting. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 2001, 83, 764 -768.

AMA Style

Garth John Holloway, Simeon K. Ehui. Demand, Supply and Willingness‐to‐Pay for Extension Services in an Emerging‐Market Setting. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2001; 83 (3):764-768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garth John Holloway; Simeon K. Ehui. 2001. "Demand, Supply and Willingness‐to‐Pay for Extension Services in an Emerging‐Market Setting." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83, no. 3: 764-768.