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Biocontrol and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are important agricultural bioinoculants. This study aimed to prospect new potential bioinoculants for a more sustainable agriculture from ferruginous caves of the Brazilian Iron Quadrangle. Culturable bacteria, from seven caves and one canga soil sample, were evaluated for biocontroller activity of the phytopathogens Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri—Xcc306 (citrus canker), Fusarium oxysporum—Fo (fusariosis), and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum—Cl89 (bean anthracnose). The ability of the superior candidates to solubilize inorganic phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce hydrolytic enzymes and siderophores was then analyzed. Out of 563 isolates, 47 inhibited the growth of Xcc306 in vitro, of which 9 reduced citrus canker up to 68% when co-inoculated with the pathogen on host plants. Twenty of the 47 inhibited Fo growth directly by 51–73%, and 15 indirectly by 75–81%. These 15 inhibited Cl89 growth in vitro (up to 93% directly and 100% indirectly), fixed nitrogen, produced proteases and siderophores, showed motility ability, produced biofilm, and all but one solubilized inorganic phosphate. Therefore, 15 (2.66%) bacterial isolates, from the genera Serratia, Nissabacter, and Dickeya, act simultaneously as biocontrollers and PGPBs, and could be important candidates for future investigations in planta as an alternative to minimize the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers through sustainable agricultural management practices.
Camila G. C. Lemes; Isabella F. Cordeiro; Camila H. de Paula; Ana K. Silva; Flávio F. Do Carmo; Luciana H. Y. Kamino; Flávia M. S. Carvalho; Juan C. Caicedo; Jesus A. Ferro; Leandro M. Moreira. Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9354 .
AMA StyleCamila G. C. Lemes, Isabella F. Cordeiro, Camila H. de Paula, Ana K. Silva, Flávio F. Do Carmo, Luciana H. Y. Kamino, Flávia M. S. Carvalho, Juan C. Caicedo, Jesus A. Ferro, Leandro M. Moreira. Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamila G. C. Lemes; Isabella F. Cordeiro; Camila H. de Paula; Ana K. Silva; Flávio F. Do Carmo; Luciana H. Y. Kamino; Flávia M. S. Carvalho; Juan C. Caicedo; Jesus A. Ferro; Leandro M. Moreira. 2021. "Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9354.
Summary. Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health problem worldwide, leading to significant mortality rates if not properly treated and controlled. Precise identification of infected patients is essential to establish treatment and control measures. Although several VL serological diagnosis advances have been accomplished lately, mainly using recombinant antigens and immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), improvements may still be achieved using multiepitope chimeric proteins in different test platforms. Here, we reported on the evaluation of ELISA and an ICT developed with a new chimeric protein, named DTL-4, based on repetitive antigenic sequences, including those present in the A2 protein. Methods. A total of 1028 sera samples were used for the development and validation of ELISA (321 samples from L. infantum-infected patients, 62 samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, 236 samples from patients infected with other diseases, and 409 samples from healthy donors). A total of 520 sera samples were used to develop and validate ICT (249 samples from L. infantum-infected patients, 46 samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, 40 samples from patients infected with other diseases, and 185 samples from healthy donors). Findings. Using the validation sera panels, DTL-4-based ELISA displayed an overall sensitivity of 94.61% (95% CI: 89.94-97.28), a specificity of 99.41% (95% CI: 96.39-99.99), and an accuracy of 97.02% (95% CI: 94.61-98.38), while for ICT, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values corresponded to 91.98% (95% CI: 86.65-95.39), 100.00% (95% CI: 96.30-100.00), and 95.14% (95% CI: 91.62-97.15), respectively. When testing sera samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, DTL-4-ELISA displayed a sensitivity of 77.42% (95% CI: 65.48-86.16), a specificity of 99.41% (95% CI: 96.39-99.99), and an accuracy of 93.51% (95% CI: 89.49%-96.10%), while for DTL-4-ICT, sensitivity was 73.91% (95% CI: 59.74-84.40), specificity was 90.63% (95% CI: 81.02-95.63), and accuracy was 82.00% (95% CI: 73.63-90.91). Conclusion. DTL-4 is a promising candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of VL patients, including those with VL/AIDS coinfection, when incorporated into ELISA or ICT test formats.
Maria Marta Figueiredo; Anna R. R. dos Santos; Lara C. Godoi; Natália S. de Castro; Bruno C. de Andrade; Sarah A. R. Sergio; Selma M. B. Jerônimo; Edward J. de Oliveira; Ruth T. Valencia-Portillo; Lucilândia M. Bezerra; Hiro Goto; Maria C. A. Sanchez; Caroline Junqueira; Santuza M. R. Teixeira; Flávio G. da Fonseca; Ricardo T. Gazzinelli; Ana Paula Fernandes. Improved Performance of ELISA and Immunochromatographic Tests Using a New Chimeric A2-Based Protein for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis. Journal of Immunology Research 2021, 2021, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMaria Marta Figueiredo, Anna R. R. dos Santos, Lara C. Godoi, Natália S. de Castro, Bruno C. de Andrade, Sarah A. R. Sergio, Selma M. B. Jerônimo, Edward J. de Oliveira, Ruth T. Valencia-Portillo, Lucilândia M. Bezerra, Hiro Goto, Maria C. A. Sanchez, Caroline Junqueira, Santuza M. R. Teixeira, Flávio G. da Fonseca, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Ana Paula Fernandes. Improved Performance of ELISA and Immunochromatographic Tests Using a New Chimeric A2-Based Protein for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis. Journal of Immunology Research. 2021; 2021 ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Marta Figueiredo; Anna R. R. dos Santos; Lara C. Godoi; Natália S. de Castro; Bruno C. de Andrade; Sarah A. R. Sergio; Selma M. B. Jerônimo; Edward J. de Oliveira; Ruth T. Valencia-Portillo; Lucilândia M. Bezerra; Hiro Goto; Maria C. A. Sanchez; Caroline Junqueira; Santuza M. R. Teixeira; Flávio G. da Fonseca; Ricardo T. Gazzinelli; Ana Paula Fernandes. 2021. "Improved Performance of ELISA and Immunochromatographic Tests Using a New Chimeric A2-Based Protein for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis." Journal of Immunology Research 2021, no. : 1-15.
The management of long-lived mining wastes is a complex environmental challenge, but the subject is little discussed among the public, scientific community, and policymakers. The negative environmental impacts caused by mining wastes are severe and cause damage to human health and the loss and degradation of natural ecosystems. With the objective of stimulating discussion to advance the development of measures to contain threats to biodiversity and to mitigate negative impacts, we present an overview of total volumes of mining waste disposal in tailings dams and dump piles, discriminating them by ore type and biome. We highlight the major environmental risks and challenges associated with tropical forests, savannas, and freshwater ecosystems and possible limitations and advances in public policies and governance. The scale of this challenge is global, as some data show, for example, Brazil generated 3.6 billion tons of solid mining waste in dump piles in the period between 2008 and 2019. The volume is equivalent to 62% of the global mass of nonfuel minerals removed from the planet’s crust in 2006. Numerous socio-environmental disasters are caused by catastrophic mining dam failures, and over the last 34 years, an average of one failure has occurred every three years in Brazil.
Flávio Carmo; Andressa Lanchotti; Luciana Kamino. Mining Waste Challenges: Environmental Risks of Gigatons of Mud, Dust and Sediment in Megadiverse Regions in Brazil. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8466 .
AMA StyleFlávio Carmo, Andressa Lanchotti, Luciana Kamino. Mining Waste Challenges: Environmental Risks of Gigatons of Mud, Dust and Sediment in Megadiverse Regions in Brazil. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávio Carmo; Andressa Lanchotti; Luciana Kamino. 2020. "Mining Waste Challenges: Environmental Risks of Gigatons of Mud, Dust and Sediment in Megadiverse Regions in Brazil." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8466.
Irreversible losses of natural areas and damage to ecosystem services are caused by large-scale mining. These effects are prominent in Minas Gerais, which is home to a mining industry with hundreds of tailings dams concentrated in global hotspots: the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. We present an overview of the spatial overlap between protected areas (PAs), priority conservation areas (PCAs), tailings dams, and their influence areas. A total of 218 dams accumulated environmental costs and liability that are represented by 2.24 thousand million m3 of tailings and industrial waste. Most dams (≈ 70%) are located in PCAs, 45 dams in conservation units, 58 in their respective buffer zones, and 51 in special protection areas. We have identified an urgent need to implement adequate public policies to establish management and monitoring mechanisms in PAs and PCAs and to address a scenario of high potential for socioenvironmental damage associated with tailings dams.
Luciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino; Eric Oliveira Pereira; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo. Conservation paradox: Large-scale mining waste in protected areas in two global hotspots, southeastern Brazil. Ambio 2020, 49, 1629 -1638.
AMA StyleLuciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino, Eric Oliveira Pereira, Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo. Conservation paradox: Large-scale mining waste in protected areas in two global hotspots, southeastern Brazil. Ambio. 2020; 49 (10):1629-1638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino; Eric Oliveira Pereira; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo. 2020. "Conservation paradox: Large-scale mining waste in protected areas in two global hotspots, southeastern Brazil." Ambio 49, no. 10: 1629-1638.
The Semi-humid landscape unit occupies the central area of Brazil. Regionally known as the Cerrado, it is characterized by two contrasting seasons, namely dry winter and moist summer, which maintain typical savanna vegetation. Topographically, the Semi-humid landscape presents low-range relief developed over old terrain of main cratons and sedimentary basins. However, in its central area, the Central Plateau is located over an old orogen of Neoproterozoic age. This plateau is the core area of the Semi-humid region, which, excluding the Amazon basin, marks the divide of the other three main Brazilian watersheds: the Paraná, the São Francisco and the Tocantins/Araguaia system. This landscape unit was not in the target focus of anthropic impacts until the 1960’s, when the city of Brasília, the new capital of Brazil, was built in the Semi-humid heartland. The Semi-humid region is currently under rapid transformation and is one of the world’s main food-producing areas because of its evolved and permeable soils, mainly Ferralsols. The area’s savannas were thus gradually transformed by broad grazing farms and grain-producing latifundia.
André Augusto Rodrigues Salgado; Wellington Lopes Assis; Antônio Pereira Magalhães Júnior; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Michael Vinícius De Sordi; Fábio Soares De Oliveira. Semi-humid: The Landscape of Central Brazil. The Physical Geography of Hungary 2019, 93 -117.
AMA StyleAndré Augusto Rodrigues Salgado, Wellington Lopes Assis, Antônio Pereira Magalhães Júnior, Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo, Michael Vinícius De Sordi, Fábio Soares De Oliveira. Semi-humid: The Landscape of Central Brazil. The Physical Geography of Hungary. 2019; ():93-117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Augusto Rodrigues Salgado; Wellington Lopes Assis; Antônio Pereira Magalhães Júnior; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Michael Vinícius De Sordi; Fábio Soares De Oliveira. 2019. "Semi-humid: The Landscape of Central Brazil." The Physical Geography of Hungary , no. : 93-117.
SummaryIronstone outcrop habitats harbour rare and endemic rupicolous plants. In southeast Brazil, they concentrate on mountaintops in the Iron Quadrangle (IQ), an intensively exploited iron ore reserve. To evaluate the current habitat availability of 32 plants endemic to canga (ironstone outcrops) and to support priority conservation areas and actions, we compared their functional connectivity in the IQ before (1960s) and after (2014) massive habitat loss to opencast mining. The Integral Index of Connectivity and associated metrics of habitat availability were used to evaluate present and past connectivity at a threshold distance of 500 m. The overall canga habitat loss up to 2014 was 50%. The historical configuration of 334 patches totalling 18 654 ha was already disconnected and the proportion of patches acting as relevant stepping stones was thus very low. Furthermore, in both the historical and current settings, the largest contribution to habitat availability came from ‘intrapatch connectivity’ (i.e., patch area), especially in the east sector. All the IQ canga endemics fall into the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Critically Endangered category and require protection. The recommended strategy for their conservation is to protect large, preferably well-preserved ironstone patches. This measure will require finding the middle ground between economic development and conservation of natural heritage.
Debora M Salles; Flávio F Do Carmo; Claudia M Jacobi. Habitat Loss Challenges the Conservation of Endemic Plants in Mining-Targeted Brazilian Mountains. Environmental Conservation 2018, 46, 140 -146.
AMA StyleDebora M Salles, Flávio F Do Carmo, Claudia M Jacobi. Habitat Loss Challenges the Conservation of Endemic Plants in Mining-Targeted Brazilian Mountains. Environmental Conservation. 2018; 46 (2):140-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDebora M Salles; Flávio F Do Carmo; Claudia M Jacobi. 2018. "Habitat Loss Challenges the Conservation of Endemic Plants in Mining-Targeted Brazilian Mountains." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2: 140-146.
Microorganisms associated with plants have a great biotechnological potential, but investigations of these microorganisms associated with native plants in peculiar environments has been incipient. The objective of this study was to analyze the plant growth-promoting bacteria potential of cultivable bacteria associated with rare plants from the ferruginous rocky fields of the Brazilian Iron Quadrangle. The roots and rhizospheres of nine endemic plants species and samples of a root found in a lateritiric duricrust (canga) cave were collected, the culturable bacteria isolated and prospected for distinct biotechnological and ecological potentials. Out of the 148 isolates obtained, 8 (5.4%) showed potential to promote plant growth, whereas 4 (2.7%) isolates acted as biocontrol agents against Xanthomonas citri pathotype A (Xac306), reducing the cancrotic lesions by more than 60% when co-inoculated with this phytopathogen in Citrus sinensis plants. Moreover, other 4 (2.7%) isolates were classified as potential bioremediation agents, being able to withstand high concentrations of arsenite (5 mM As3+) and arsenate (800 mM As5+), by removing up to 35% and 15% of this metalloid in solution, respectively. These same four isolates had a positive influence on the growth of both the roots and the aerial parts when inoculated with tomato seeds in the soil contaminated with arsenic. This is the first time that an investigation highlights the potentialities of bacteria associated with rare plants of ferruginous rocky fields as a reservoir of microbiota of biotechnological and ecological interest, highlighting the importance of conservation of this area that is undergoing intense anthropic activity.
Érica Barbosa Felestrino; Izadora Tabuso Vieira; Washington Luiz Caneschi; Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro; Renata De Almeida Barbosa Assis; Camila Gracyelle De Carvalho Lemes; Natasha Fonseca; Angélica Bianchini Sanchez; Juan Carlos Caicedo Cepeda; José Ferro; Camila Carrião Machado Garcia; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Luciana Kamino; Leandro Marcio Moreira. Biotechnological potential of plant growth-promoting bacteria from the roots and rhizospheres of endemic plants in ironstone vegetation in southeastern Brazil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2018, 34, 156 .
AMA StyleÉrica Barbosa Felestrino, Izadora Tabuso Vieira, Washington Luiz Caneschi, Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro, Renata De Almeida Barbosa Assis, Camila Gracyelle De Carvalho Lemes, Natasha Fonseca, Angélica Bianchini Sanchez, Juan Carlos Caicedo Cepeda, José Ferro, Camila Carrião Machado Garcia, Flávio Fonseca Carmo, Luciana Kamino, Leandro Marcio Moreira. Biotechnological potential of plant growth-promoting bacteria from the roots and rhizospheres of endemic plants in ironstone vegetation in southeastern Brazil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2018; 34 (10):156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÉrica Barbosa Felestrino; Izadora Tabuso Vieira; Washington Luiz Caneschi; Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro; Renata De Almeida Barbosa Assis; Camila Gracyelle De Carvalho Lemes; Natasha Fonseca; Angélica Bianchini Sanchez; Juan Carlos Caicedo Cepeda; José Ferro; Camila Carrião Machado Garcia; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Luciana Kamino; Leandro Marcio Moreira. 2018. "Biotechnological potential of plant growth-promoting bacteria from the roots and rhizospheres of endemic plants in ironstone vegetation in southeastern Brazil." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 34, no. 10: 156.
Extensive mineral extractivism in the Brazilian Iron Quadrangle (IQ) region has destroyed large areas of land, decimating plant species, and their associated microbiota. Very little is known about the microbiota of the region; hence, cultivable bacteria associated with plants of its soils were investigated for their biotechnological potential. Samples were collected from nine plant species and six soils, and 65 cultivable bacterial isolates were obtained. These represent predominantly gram-positive bacilli (70%) capable of producing amylases (55%), proteases (63%), cellulases (47%), indole acetic acid (IAA) (46%), siderophores (26%), and to solubilize phosphate (9%). In addition, 65% of these were resistant to ampicillin, 100% were sensitive to tetracycline, and 97% were tolerant to high arsenic concentrations. Three isolates were studied further: the isolate FOB3 (Rosenbergiella sp.) produced high concentrations of IAA in vitro in the absence of tryptophan – shown by the significant improvement in plant germination and growth rate where the isolate was present. For isolates C25 (Acinetobacter sp.) and FG3 (Serratia sp.), plasmids were purified and inserted into Escherichia coli cells where they modified the physiological profile of the transformed strains. The E. coli::pFG3B strain showed the highest capacity for biofilm production, as well as an increase in the replication rate, arsenic tolerance and catalase activity. Moreover, this strain increased DNA integrity in the presence of arsenic, compared to the wild-type strain. These results help to explain the importance of bacteria in maintaining plant survival in ferruginous, rocky soils, acting as plant growth promoters, and to highlight the biotechnological potential of these bacteria. IMPORTANCEThe Iron Quadrangle region is responsible for ∼60% of all Brazilian iron production and, at the same time, is responsible for housing a wide diversity of landscapes, and consequently, a series of endemic plant species and dozens of rare species – all of which have been poorly studied. Studies exploring the microbiota associated with these plant species are limited and in the face of the continuous pressure of extractive action, some species along with their microbiota are being decimated. To understand the potential of this microbiota, we discovered that cultivable bacterial isolates obtained from plants in the ferruginous rocky soil of the Iron Quadrangle region have diverse biotechnological potential, revealing a genetic ancestry still unknown.
Washington L. Caneschi; Érica B. Felestrino; Natasha Fonseca; Morghana M. Villa; Camila G. De C. Lemes; Isabella F. Cordeiro; Renata De A. B. Assis; Angélica B. Sanchez; Izadora T. Vieira; Luciana Kamino; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Camila Carrião Machado Garcia; Leandro M. Moreira. Brazilian Ironstone Plant Communities as Reservoirs of Culturable Bacteria With Diverse Biotechnological Potential. Frontiers in Microbiology 2018, 9, 1638 .
AMA StyleWashington L. Caneschi, Érica B. Felestrino, Natasha Fonseca, Morghana M. Villa, Camila G. De C. Lemes, Isabella F. Cordeiro, Renata De A. B. Assis, Angélica B. Sanchez, Izadora T. Vieira, Luciana Kamino, Flávio Fonseca Carmo, Camila Carrião Machado Garcia, Leandro M. Moreira. Brazilian Ironstone Plant Communities as Reservoirs of Culturable Bacteria With Diverse Biotechnological Potential. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018; 9 ():1638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWashington L. Caneschi; Érica B. Felestrino; Natasha Fonseca; Morghana M. Villa; Camila G. De C. Lemes; Isabella F. Cordeiro; Renata De A. B. Assis; Angélica B. Sanchez; Izadora T. Vieira; Luciana Kamino; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Camila Carrião Machado Garcia; Leandro M. Moreira. 2018. "Brazilian Ironstone Plant Communities as Reservoirs of Culturable Bacteria With Diverse Biotechnological Potential." Frontiers in Microbiology 9, no. : 1638.
Ironstone ranges are considered hotspots for higher plants α and β diversity. The lack of studies and the intense degradation of the ironstone ranges, due to mining, motivated us to compile, for the first time, a list of vascular plants collected on iron-rich derived substrates from ancient landscape of south-eastern Brazil. All existing records in the Brazilian Virtual Herbarium of Flora and Fungi for each of the 43 municipalities containing ironstone ranges were downloaded, resulting in 17,954 vouchers identified to the species level. We found 2,933 species belonging to 160 families and 818 genera. For the first time, we identified 148 species mentioned in endangered flora official lists and 48 narrow endemic species. Collecting efforts must still be supported to properly sample the vegetation since, for 143 sites, less than 10 records/site were found. This dataset will assist with the indication of dozens of plant species whose threat criteria must be urgently assessed to subsidise public policies on the use and conservation of the Brazilian flora.
Flavio Fonseca Do Carmo; Rubens Custódio Da Mota; Luciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino; Claudia Maria Jacobi. Check-list of vascular plant communities on ironstone ranges of south-eastern Brazil: dataset for conservation. Biodiversity Data Journal 2018, 6, e27032 .
AMA StyleFlavio Fonseca Do Carmo, Rubens Custódio Da Mota, Luciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino, Claudia Maria Jacobi. Check-list of vascular plant communities on ironstone ranges of south-eastern Brazil: dataset for conservation. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2018; 6 (6):e27032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavio Fonseca Do Carmo; Rubens Custódio Da Mota; Luciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino; Claudia Maria Jacobi. 2018. "Check-list of vascular plant communities on ironstone ranges of south-eastern Brazil: dataset for conservation." Biodiversity Data Journal 6, no. 6: e27032.
Érica Barbosa Felestrino; Renata De Almeida Barbosa Assis; Camila Gracyelle De Carvalho Lemes; Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro; Natasha Fonseca; Morghana Marina Villa; Izadora Tabuso Vieira; Luciana Kamino; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Leandro Marcio Moreira. Alcaligenes faecalisassociated with Mimosa calodendron rizhosphere assist plant survival in arsenic rich soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2017, 17, 1102 -1115.
AMA StyleÉrica Barbosa Felestrino, Renata De Almeida Barbosa Assis, Camila Gracyelle De Carvalho Lemes, Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro, Natasha Fonseca, Morghana Marina Villa, Izadora Tabuso Vieira, Luciana Kamino, Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo, Leandro Marcio Moreira. Alcaligenes faecalisassociated with Mimosa calodendron rizhosphere assist plant survival in arsenic rich soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2017; 17 (4):1102-1115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÉrica Barbosa Felestrino; Renata De Almeida Barbosa Assis; Camila Gracyelle De Carvalho Lemes; Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro; Natasha Fonseca; Morghana Marina Villa; Izadora Tabuso Vieira; Luciana Kamino; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Leandro Marcio Moreira. 2017. "Alcaligenes faecalisassociated with Mimosa calodendron rizhosphere assist plant survival in arsenic rich soils." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 17, no. 4: 1102-1115.
Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Luciana Kamino; Rogério Tobias Junior; Iara Christina de Campos; Felipe Fonseca Do Carmo; Guilherme Silvino; Kenedy Junio Da Silva Xavier De Castro; Mateus Leite Mauro; Nelson Uchoa Alonso Rodrigues; Marcos Paulo De Souza Miranda; Carlos Eduardo Ferreira Pinto. Fundão tailings dam failures: the environment tragedy of the largest technological disaster of Brazilian mining in global context. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 2017, 15, 145 -151.
AMA StyleFlávio Fonseca Carmo, Luciana Kamino, Rogério Tobias Junior, Iara Christina de Campos, Felipe Fonseca Do Carmo, Guilherme Silvino, Kenedy Junio Da Silva Xavier De Castro, Mateus Leite Mauro, Nelson Uchoa Alonso Rodrigues, Marcos Paulo De Souza Miranda, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira Pinto. Fundão tailings dam failures: the environment tragedy of the largest technological disaster of Brazilian mining in global context. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. 2017; 15 (3):145-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávio Fonseca Carmo; Luciana Kamino; Rogério Tobias Junior; Iara Christina de Campos; Felipe Fonseca Do Carmo; Guilherme Silvino; Kenedy Junio Da Silva Xavier De Castro; Mateus Leite Mauro; Nelson Uchoa Alonso Rodrigues; Marcos Paulo De Souza Miranda; Carlos Eduardo Ferreira Pinto. 2017. "Fundão tailings dam failures: the environment tragedy of the largest technological disaster of Brazilian mining in global context." Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 15, no. 3: 145-151.
Rupestrian grasslands (campos rupestres) are tropical landscapes consisting of a mosaic of herbaceous and shrubby physiognomies on quartzite or ironstone that occur in highlands , usually above 900 m. These landscapes encompass a high diversity of habitats , under different environmental conditions, such as on rock outcrops dominated by desiccation-tolerant species, as well as grasslands and shrublands dominated by resprouter species. Therefore, water availability is one of the most significant selective pressures on rock outcrops, while fire is more important on grasslands and shrublands. Poaceae and Velloziaceae are the two dominant plant families in terms of cover area. There is predominance of hemicryptophytes, chamaephytes, and phanerophytes. Autochory is the main dispersal syndrome and contributes to high plant endemism. Floristic and vegetation structural patterns are affected by geology, geography, habitat, and disturbance. Rupestrian grasslands are Old Stable Landscapes and high specialization, phylogenetic conservatism, and low dispersal ability characterize most lineages in these landscapes. Rather than plant refuges during the warmer and moister Pleistocene interglacial periods, highlands have probably worked as refuges for fire-sensitive lineages since the expansion of fire-prone savannas (cerrados) in the late Tertiary. Most lineages from these mountain ranges then diversified during the Quaternary as rupestrian grasslands were finely fragmented by fire-prone landscapes. The fragmented and rich biodiversity in rupestrian grasslands is naturally vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, protected areas even if small, scattered along the whole landscape, will help to protect them for a while. However, areas suitable for rupestrian grasslands will probably be greatly reduced in the next few decades as seasonality increases. This scenario calls for immediate ex situ conservation measures.
Abel A. Conceição; Alessandro Rapini; Flávio F. Do Carmo; Juliana C. Brito; Gabriela A. Silva; Sâmia P. S. Neves; Claudia M. Jacobi. Rupestrian Grassland Vegetation, Diversity, and Origin. Ecology and Conservation of Mountaintop grasslands in Brazil 2016, 105 -127.
AMA StyleAbel A. Conceição, Alessandro Rapini, Flávio F. Do Carmo, Juliana C. Brito, Gabriela A. Silva, Sâmia P. S. Neves, Claudia M. Jacobi. Rupestrian Grassland Vegetation, Diversity, and Origin. Ecology and Conservation of Mountaintop grasslands in Brazil. 2016; ():105-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbel A. Conceição; Alessandro Rapini; Flávio F. Do Carmo; Juliana C. Brito; Gabriela A. Silva; Sâmia P. S. Neves; Claudia M. Jacobi. 2016. "Rupestrian Grassland Vegetation, Diversity, and Origin." Ecology and Conservation of Mountaintop grasslands in Brazil , no. : 105-127.
We investigated how outcrops of different geological origins enhance the plant megadiversity of the Atlantic rainforest hotspot. We collected vegetation, topographic, and soil fertility data from 50 2 m2 plots in each of nine rock outcrops (three ironstones -or cangas, three quartzites and three granitoids) in the Iron Quadrangle, SE Brazil. We examined the response of community diversity and structure patterns to edaphic and topographic gradients by means of diversity profiles, clustering and ordination analyses. Species were organized into nine functional groups. We inventoried 17,690 individuals belonging to 352 species. Functional groups with largest cover were sclerophytic shrubs (in cangas), graminoid and poikilohydric herbs (in both granitoids and quartzites). Granitoid plant communities were the least diverse, on account of fewer substrate types leading to more xeric conditions. The multivariate analyses sorted the outcrops by geological origin, although within-lithotype similarity was low. There was stronger similarity between cangas and quartzites, separated from granitoids. Soil was nutrient-poor, and variables most influencing this pattern were number of substrates, topographic heterogeneity, soil depth, and aluminum saturation. Saxicolous plant communities responded more strongly to microtopographic than soil fertility parameters. Each lithotype contributes differently to the high alpha- and especially beta-diversity within the Atlantic Rainforest matrix.
Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Claudia Maria Jacobi. Diversity and plant trait-soil relationships among rock outcrops in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Plant and Soil 2015, 403, 7 -20.
AMA StyleFlávio Fonseca Do Carmo, Claudia Maria Jacobi. Diversity and plant trait-soil relationships among rock outcrops in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Plant and Soil. 2015; 403 (1-2):7-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Claudia Maria Jacobi. 2015. "Diversity and plant trait-soil relationships among rock outcrops in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest." Plant and Soil 403, no. 1-2: 7-20.
To what extent do fine-scale substrate variations affect the structure and diversity of rock outcrop vascular plant communities? How can we define the appropriate scale to measure fine-scale substrate heterogeneity in rocky systems? Nine rock outcrops in the Iron Quadrangle, a priority area for biodiversity conservation in southeast Brazil. Geomorphology and rock mechanics methods were adapted to determine the appropriate scale to measure rock surface heterogeneity on granitoid, quartzitic and ironstone (canga) outcrops. Then, a roughness index was calculated from 60 microtopographic profiles in each lithotype to investigate the response of the plant community to this scale. The relation between surface heterogeneity and plant community richness, abundance, total plant cover and dominant species cover was quantified through linear regressions. A cluster analysis compared the percentage cover of functional groups in each outcrop, and diversity profiles were built based on Rényi's alpha. PERMANOVA was used to test for significant difference in the relative cover among the functional groups. The roughness index, scaled at 1 cm, had the best power to diagnose the presence of vascular plants. High surface heterogeneity was caused by high frequency of fissures, cracks and rock fragments. Linear regression models indicated that the community parameters are strongly related to variations in surface roughness. The community patterns revealed by the cluster analysis and the diversity profiles matched those of the roughness analysis. Dominant functional groups differed strongly between ‘smooth’ and ‘coarse’ microtopography. Desiccation-tolerant species prevailed in smooth outcrops, while sclerophytes and graminoids were better represented in coarse outcrops. The composition of plant functional groups was affected by rock microrelief, and roughness was a significant predictor of plant community parameters. Functional group proportions reflected different adaptive plant strategies to two main stressful bedrock features: water shortage and mechanical resistance to root growth.
Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Iara Christina De Campos; Claudia Maria Jacobi. Effects of fine-scale surface heterogeneity on rock outcrop plant community structure. Journal of Vegetation Science 2015, 27, 50 -59.
AMA StyleFlávio Fonseca Do Carmo, Iara Christina De Campos, Claudia Maria Jacobi. Effects of fine-scale surface heterogeneity on rock outcrop plant community structure. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2015; 27 (1):50-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Iara Christina De Campos; Claudia Maria Jacobi. 2015. "Effects of fine-scale surface heterogeneity on rock outcrop plant community structure." Journal of Vegetation Science 27, no. 1: 50-59.
Botanists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists are familiar with the astonishing species richness and endemism of the fynbos of the Cape Floristic Region and the ancient and unique flora of the kwongkan of south-western Australia. These regions represent old climatically-buffered infertile landscapes (OCBILs) that are the basis of a general hypothesis to explain their richness and endemism. However, few ecologists are familiar with the campo rupestre of central and eastern Brazil, an extremely old mountaintop ecosystem that is both a museum of ancient lineages and a cradle of continuing diversification of endemic lineages. Diversification of some lineages of campo rupestre pre-dates diversification of lowland cerrado, suggesting it may be the most ancient open vegetation in eastern South America. This vegetation comprises more than 5000 plant species, nearly 15 % of Brazil’s plant diversity, in an area corresponding to 0.78 % of its surface. Reviewing empirical data, we scrutinise five predictions of the OCBIL theory, and show that campo rupestre is fully comparable to and remarkably convergent with both fynbos and kwongkan, and fulfills the criteria for a classic OCBIL. The increasing threats to campo rupestre are compromising ecosystem services and we argue for the implementation of more effective conservation and restoration strategies.
Fernando A. O. Silveira; Daniel Negreiros; Newton Barbosa; Elise Buisson; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Daniel W. Carstensen; Abel Conceição; Tatiana G. Cornelissen; Livia Echternacht; Geraldo Wilson Fernandes; Queila S. Garcia; Tadeu J. Guerra; Claudia M. Jacobi; José P. Lemos-Filho; Soizig Le Stradic; Patricia Morellato; Frederico Neves; Rafael Oliveira; Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer; Pedro Viana; Hans Lambers. Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority. Plant and Soil 2015, 403, 129 -152.
AMA StyleFernando A. O. Silveira, Daniel Negreiros, Newton Barbosa, Elise Buisson, Flávio Fonseca Carmo, Daniel W. Carstensen, Abel Conceição, Tatiana G. Cornelissen, Livia Echternacht, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Queila S. Garcia, Tadeu J. Guerra, Claudia M. Jacobi, José P. Lemos-Filho, Soizig Le Stradic, Patricia Morellato, Frederico Neves, Rafael Oliveira, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer, Pedro Viana, Hans Lambers. Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority. Plant and Soil. 2015; 403 (1-2):129-152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando A. O. Silveira; Daniel Negreiros; Newton Barbosa; Elise Buisson; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Daniel W. Carstensen; Abel Conceição; Tatiana G. Cornelissen; Livia Echternacht; Geraldo Wilson Fernandes; Queila S. Garcia; Tadeu J. Guerra; Claudia M. Jacobi; José P. Lemos-Filho; Soizig Le Stradic; Patricia Morellato; Frederico Neves; Rafael Oliveira; Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer; Pedro Viana; Hans Lambers. 2015. "Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority." Plant and Soil 403, no. 1-2: 129-152.
• Premise of the study: Knowledge about genetic variability in plant populations is one of the main branches of conservation genetics, linking genetic data to conservation strategies. Vriesea minarum is a bromeliad endemic to the Iron Quadrangle region (southeastern Brazil), occurring on mountaintop rock outcrops. It is listed as endangered due to habitat loss, particularly from iron ore mining. Thus, determining the structure and genetic diversity of V. minarum populations could help develop strategies to conserve the species.• Methods: We studied the genetic structure of 12 populations of V. minarum using 10 microsatellite loci transferred from other species of Bromeliaceae. Statistical analyses to compare and describe the genetic diversity of each population were performed, and genetic structure within and among populations, isolation by distance, and Bayesian structure were also analyzed.• Key results: Our results show high inbreeding (GIS = 0.376) and low population structure (FST = 0.088), possibly related to high gene flow due to great pollinator efficiency and/or efficient seed dispersal, thus leading to high connectivity among populations of these fragmented rock outcrops. Two clusters were observed, corresponding to the basins of rivers São Francisco and Doce.• Conclusions: Gene flow among populations is high but, given the rate of habitat loss to mining, most populations are vulnerable and will become increasingly isolated if no action is taken to preserve them. Thus, conservation of this species depends on in situ and ex situ actions, such as controlling overexploitation and creating a germoplasm bank.
Pâmela Lavor; Cassio Van Den Berg; C. M. Jacobi; F. F. Carmo; Leonardo M. Versieux. Population genetics of the endemic and endangered Vriesea minarum (Bromeliaceae) in the Iron Quadrangle, Espinhaco Range, Brazil. American Journal of Botany 2014, 101, 1167 -1175.
AMA StylePâmela Lavor, Cassio Van Den Berg, C. M. Jacobi, F. F. Carmo, Leonardo M. Versieux. Population genetics of the endemic and endangered Vriesea minarum (Bromeliaceae) in the Iron Quadrangle, Espinhaco Range, Brazil. American Journal of Botany. 2014; 101 (7):1167-1175.
Chicago/Turabian StylePâmela Lavor; Cassio Van Den Berg; C. M. Jacobi; F. F. Carmo; Leonardo M. Versieux. 2014. "Population genetics of the endemic and endangered Vriesea minarum (Bromeliaceae) in the Iron Quadrangle, Espinhaco Range, Brazil." American Journal of Botany 101, no. 7: 1167-1175.
A vegetação nas cangas (afloramentos ferruginosos) abriga dezenas de espécies raras, várias novidades taxonômicas e elevada diversidade alfa e beta. Utilizando um banco de dados constituído por 1.080 táxons de angiospermas, a vegetação associada às cangas no Quadrilátero Ferrífero foi caracterizada a partir dos elementos florísticos, das formas de crescimento e das fisionomias mais frequentes. Analisou-se a distribuição geográfica e os domínios fitogeográficos de 980 espécies. Ainda, com o objetivo de verificar se há distinção entre a vegetação das cangas em relação às de cinco áreas inseridas em sistemas rupestres de Minas Gerais e Bahia, analisou-se a similaridade a partir do número de espécies de 920 gêneros de angiospermas. Em comparação aos sistemas quartzíticos, principalmente os inseridos na Cadeia do Espinhaço, pode-se distinguir a vegetação das cangas pela maior influência de elementos florísticos do domínio Atlântico, maior frequência de sinúsias formadas por árvores e arbustos, riqueza elevada de espécies de gêneros como Solanum e Cattleya e pouca representatividade fisionômica de alguns gêneros típicos dos campos rupestres. Essa distinção parece correlacionar-se com a localização geográfica do Quadrilátero e com as características geomorfológicas e mineralógicas das cangas.
Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Claudia Maria Jacobi. A vegetação de canga no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais: caracterização e contexto fitogeográfico. Rodriguésia 2013, 64, 527 -541.
AMA StyleFlávio Fonseca Do Carmo, Claudia Maria Jacobi. A vegetação de canga no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais: caracterização e contexto fitogeográfico. Rodriguésia. 2013; 64 (3):527-541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávio Fonseca Do Carmo; Claudia Maria Jacobi. 2013. "A vegetação de canga no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais: caracterização e contexto fitogeográfico." Rodriguésia 64, no. 3: 527-541.
Rock outcrops play an important role in enhancing plant diversity in montane ecosystems. Ironstone outcrops (cangas) are among the lithotypes less known and most threatened in SE Brazil, due to mining activities. Besides species composition, a key feature to promote their conservation and restoration is the knowledge of the community prevalent life-forms, pollination and seed dispersal syndromes. The analyses were done based on published floristic surveys of cangas in SE Brazil. A total of 353 species of angiosperms (70 families) were assigned to one of the two predominant physiognomies (open areas and forest islands) on ironstone outcrops. Sixteen families responded for 70% of all species. Compared to Raunkiaer's spectrum, phanerophytes were over- and therophytes were under-represented. Phanerophytes were the predominant life-form in forest islands, while hemicryptophytes were outstanding in open areas. Entomophily was the dominant pollination syndrome in both habitats. Zoochory was dominant in forest islands and ranked last in open areas, where anemochory and autochory prevailed. Considering that both forest islands and open areas are subjected to the same climatic conditions, the results corroborate the influence of geoedaphic components in the three traits analysed.
Claudia Maria Jacobi; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo. Life-forms, pollination and seed dispersal syndromes in plant communities on ironstone outcrops, SE Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 2011, 25, 395 -412.
AMA StyleClaudia Maria Jacobi, Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo. Life-forms, pollination and seed dispersal syndromes in plant communities on ironstone outcrops, SE Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica. 2011; 25 (2):395-412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Maria Jacobi; Flávio Fonseca Do Carmo. 2011. "Life-forms, pollination and seed dispersal syndromes in plant communities on ironstone outcrops, SE Brazil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 25, no. 2: 395-412.
Environmental degradation due to mining activities is pervasive in most mineral-rich countries and has been given little attention by the authorities. Surface mining frequently targets very specific and evolutionary unique ecosystems, usually on mountaintops, and is characterized by high environmental impact and irreversibility (Jacobi and do Carmo 2008; Gibson et al. 2010). Recently, the negative impacts of coal surface mining were exposed in relation to ecosystem degradation and damages to human health, underlining the need to improve regulatory measures to mitigate them (Palmer et al. 2010). The loss of plant species associated with mineral-rich areas should be added to the list of ecologic and genetic damages recurrently derived from surface-mining activities. The conservation of metal-rich ecosystems represents a major challenge to the signatories of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This seminal global effor
Claudia M. Jacobi; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Iara C. De Campos. Soaring Extinction Threats to Endemic Plants in Brazilian Metal-Rich Regions. Ambio 2011, 40, 540 -543.
AMA StyleClaudia M. Jacobi, Flávio Fonseca Carmo, Iara C. De Campos. Soaring Extinction Threats to Endemic Plants in Brazilian Metal-Rich Regions. Ambio. 2011; 40 (5):540-543.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia M. Jacobi; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Iara C. De Campos. 2011. "Soaring Extinction Threats to Endemic Plants in Brazilian Metal-Rich Regions." Ambio 40, no. 5: 540-543.
Mountain areas are recognized centres of endemism and diversity on account of their isolation and altitudinal diversity. In tropical regions, mountain tops usually stand as islands of xeric vegetation among mesophytic assemblages. Unlike the vegetation growing on other rock outcrops lithologies, such as inselbergs (granite/gneiss) or campos rupestres (quartz/arenite), ironstone outcrop plant communities still lack systematic studies in Brazil. These outcrops (locally known as canga) share most of the characteristics of other rock outcrops, such as isolation and edapho-climatic harshness, but differ in that they are the object of opencast mining, and thus subjected to irrecoverable degradation. In addition, they are expected to harbour metal-tolerant and hyperaccumulator plant species. A botanical survey of two ironstone outcrop locations in the most important mining region of southeastern Brazil, the Iron Quadrangle, revealed a high within-site (138 and 160 species per site), and between-site diversity (only 27% of common species), totaling 64 families and 234 species among basal families and eudicots (154 species), monocots (68 species), and ferns (12 species). Canga crusts are rich in dicots, several of which play an important role in community structuring, together with the more usual monocot aggregations. Distinct plant communities are found associated to different microhabitats within the iron crust, depending primarily on the amount of soil and moisture retention in the different microtopographies. The environmental uniqueness, high diversity, lack of studies and rapid destruction of these ecosystems pose an immediate challenge for their conservation.
Claudia M. Jacobi; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Regina C. Vincent; Joao Stehmann. Plant communities on ironstone outcrops: a diverse and endangered Brazilian ecosystem. Biodiversity and Conservation 2007, 16, 2185 -2200.
AMA StyleClaudia M. Jacobi, Flávio Fonseca Carmo, Regina C. Vincent, Joao Stehmann. Plant communities on ironstone outcrops: a diverse and endangered Brazilian ecosystem. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2007; 16 (7):2185-2200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia M. Jacobi; Flávio Fonseca Carmo; Regina C. Vincent; Joao Stehmann. 2007. "Plant communities on ironstone outcrops: a diverse and endangered Brazilian ecosystem." Biodiversity and Conservation 16, no. 7: 2185-2200.