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José Manuel Martínez-Nieto
Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain

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Study protocol
Published: 08 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This paper describes the protocol for a study designed to address the high prevalence (40%) of childhood overweight and obesity in the province of Cádiz, Spain, as a reflection of what is happening worldwide. It is widely known that children who suffer from childhood obesity have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. This causes a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in health spending. In this context, it is necessary to intervene promoting healthy lifestyle habits from an early stage. The objective of this project will be to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention (individual, school and family) called “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ” [CADIZ-PREVENT]. The intervention will be focused mainly on diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and sleep, to prevent overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from 8 to 9 years old in the province of Cádiz. It will consist of a 10-session education program carried out in the classroom by the teachers. In addition, children will be assigned two workbooks, one to work on in class and the other at home with parents. A workshop aimed at parents will be included to help teach them how to obtain healthier lifestyle habits. The proposed study will involve a quasi-experimental design with a control group.

ACS Style

Rubén Aragón-Martín; María Del Mar Gómez-Sánchez; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez; Carmen Segundo-Iglesias; José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz; María José Santi-Cano; José Castro-Piñero; Carmen Lineros-González; Mariano Hernán-García; Amelia Rodríguez-Martín. A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1622 .

AMA Style

Rubén Aragón-Martín, María Del Mar Gómez-Sánchez, David Jiménez-Pavón, José Manuel Martínez-Nieto, Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez, Carmen Segundo-Iglesias, José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz, María José Santi-Cano, José Castro-Piñero, Carmen Lineros-González, Mariano Hernán-García, Amelia Rodríguez-Martín. A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1622.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rubén Aragón-Martín; María Del Mar Gómez-Sánchez; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez; Carmen Segundo-Iglesias; José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz; María José Santi-Cano; José Castro-Piñero; Carmen Lineros-González; Mariano Hernán-García; Amelia Rodríguez-Martín. 2021. "A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1622.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2009 in Nutrición Hospitalaria
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ACS Style

A Rodríguez-Martín; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; L Escobar Jiménez. Life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among Spanish adults. Nutrición Hospitalaria 2009, 24, 1 .

AMA Style

A Rodríguez-Martín, José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz, José Manuel Martínez-Nieto, L Escobar Jiménez. Life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among Spanish adults. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2009; 24 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Rodríguez-Martín; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; L Escobar Jiménez. 2009. "Life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among Spanish adults." Nutrición Hospitalaria 24, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2008 in Appetite
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To study the relationship between obesity prevalence and education, employment and socioeconomic levels to improve the designing of intervention programs. Cross-sectional population-based study on 2640 subjects over 15 years of age in Spain. Through interviews conducted in subjects' homes we have obtained socio-demographic, anthropometric data, and information on physical activity, life styles and eating habits. Statistically, we have used prevalence ratios with confidence intervals and logistic regressions. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is 36.4% (IC95% 34.5-38.2) and 17% (IC95% 15.7-18.5), respectively, higher in men, and increasing with age. Obesity prevalence is independent of education level. Higher prevalence of overweight and obesity are found in the lowest occupational categories, and there is an inverse relationship between BMI and employment situations. Obesity is more prevalent in retired people and people that work from home, compared with professions that require activity at work. The association found between obesity and socioeconomic characteristics of the population is different in men and women: in women only, this risk was found to be associated with low or primary education levels (OR 2.4, 1.5-4.0), being unemployed or working at home (OR 1.6, 1.08-2.4) and having a medium income (OR 1.87, 1.03-3.33). We have confirmed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in our area. Socioeconomic variables have a more predictive value in women than in men.

ACS Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; Luís Escobar Jiménez. Overweight and obesity: The role of education, employment and income in Spanish adults. Appetite 2008, 51, 266 -272.

AMA Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín, José Manuel Martínez-Nieto, José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz, Luís Escobar Jiménez. Overweight and obesity: The role of education, employment and income in Spanish adults. Appetite. 2008; 51 (2):266-272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; Luís Escobar Jiménez. 2008. "Overweight and obesity: The role of education, employment and income in Spanish adults." Appetite 51, no. 2: 266-272.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2005 in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition is a high quality, peer-reviewed journal that covers all aspects of human nutrition.

ACS Style

A Rodríguez Martín; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; L Escobar Jiménez; A L Castro De Haro. Characteristics of eating disorders in a university hospital-based Spanish population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005, 59, 459 -462.

AMA Style

A Rodríguez Martín, José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz, José Manuel Martínez-Nieto, L Escobar Jiménez, A L Castro De Haro. Characteristics of eating disorders in a university hospital-based Spanish population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005; 59 (3):459-462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Rodríguez Martín; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; L Escobar Jiménez; A L Castro De Haro. 2005. "Characteristics of eating disorders in a university hospital-based Spanish population." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, no. 3: 459-462.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2004 in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition is a high quality, peer-reviewed journal that covers all aspects of human nutrition.

ACS Style

A Rodríguez Martín; J P Novalbos Ruiz; J M Martínez Nieto; L Escobar Jiménez; A L Castro De Haro; J P Novalbos Ruiz A Rodr. Epidemiological study of the influence of family and socioeconomic status in disorders of eating behaviour. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004, 58, 846 -852.

AMA Style

A Rodríguez Martín, J P Novalbos Ruiz, J M Martínez Nieto, L Escobar Jiménez, A L Castro De Haro, J P Novalbos Ruiz A Rodr. Epidemiological study of the influence of family and socioeconomic status in disorders of eating behaviour. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2004; 58 (6):846-852.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Rodríguez Martín; J P Novalbos Ruiz; J M Martínez Nieto; L Escobar Jiménez; A L Castro De Haro; J P Novalbos Ruiz A Rodr. 2004. "Epidemiological study of the influence of family and socioeconomic status in disorders of eating behaviour." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, no. 6: 846-852.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2001 in Journal of Adolescent Health
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To study the prevalence of altered eating behaviors or eating disorder-related behaviors among adolescents of normal weight that do not fulfill criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

ACS Style

Amelia Rodríguez; José P Novalbos; Jsoé M Martínez; Miguel A Ruiz; José R Fernández; Diego Jiménez. Eating disorders and altered eating behaviors in adolescents of normal weight in a Spanish city. Journal of Adolescent Health 2001, 28, 338 -345.

AMA Style

Amelia Rodríguez, José P Novalbos, Jsoé M Martínez, Miguel A Ruiz, José R Fernández, Diego Jiménez. Eating disorders and altered eating behaviors in adolescents of normal weight in a Spanish city. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2001; 28 (4):338-345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amelia Rodríguez; José P Novalbos; Jsoé M Martínez; Miguel A Ruiz; José R Fernández; Diego Jiménez. 2001. "Eating disorders and altered eating behaviors in adolescents of normal weight in a Spanish city." Journal of Adolescent Health 28, no. 4: 338-345.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 1999 in Revista Española de Salud Pública
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ACS Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín; José Manuel Martínez Nieto; Jose Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; Miguel Angel Ruiz Jiménez; Diego Jiménez Benítez. Physical exercise and eating habits: a study of teen-agers in Cádiz. Revista Española de Salud Pública 1999, 73, 81 -87.

AMA Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín, José Manuel Martínez Nieto, Jose Pedro Novalbos Ruiz, Miguel Angel Ruiz Jiménez, Diego Jiménez Benítez. Physical exercise and eating habits: a study of teen-agers in Cádiz. Revista Española de Salud Pública. 1999; 73 (1):81-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín; José Manuel Martínez Nieto; Jose Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; Miguel Angel Ruiz Jiménez; Diego Jiménez Benítez. 1999. "Physical exercise and eating habits: a study of teen-agers in Cádiz." Revista Española de Salud Pública 73, no. 1: 81-87.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 1999 in European Journal of Epidemiology
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In recent years, eating disorders (Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa) have increased and are appearing at increasingly younger ages. They affect predominantly adolescent females 12 to 25 years of age. The objective of this study of adolescents is to detect and discuss unhealthy eating behaviour, defined by either of two factors: (1) following a slimming diet not advised or supervised by any person trained in health care; or (2) eating very large quantities at irregular times, not related to anxiety or stress. A transversal study has been undertaken of 630 school children of 14-18 years of age (average: 15.9 years) in Cádiz (Andalucia, Spain), using an anonymous self-reporting questionnaire to collect data on personal and educational situation, on eating habits, on nutritive intake and knowledge of nutrition, and on dieting and physical exercise. The study has considered averages, ratios, statistical significance (chi2) and, as a measure of risk, the Disequality Ratio of Prevalence (DRP). Anomalous eating behaviour was detected in 46.3% (292), with females predominant by a ratio of 2:1. Comparing groups with anomalous and with normal eating habits, significant differences were detected in respect of: perception of body image (p < 0.001), frequency of weighing oneself (p < 0.05), periods of abstinence from eating (DRP 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-2.37), provocation of vomiting (DRP 2.02; 95% CI: 1.13-3.65), use of laxatives (DRP 4.25: 95% CI: 1.08-9.63), and the exclusion of certain meals and types of food, mainly bread and cereals, fats and sugars. Conclusions are drawn on the substantial scale of unhealthy eating behaviour among adolescents in Cadiz. More adequate education on personal health and related social issues should be provided.

ACS Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín; José Manuel Martínez Nieto; Miguel Angel Ruiz Jiménez; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; M. Carmen Díaz Vázquez; Yamin Chocrón Fernández; Miguel Angel Rendón Gómez; Carmen Cano Fernández. Unhealthy eating behaviour in adolescents. European Journal of Epidemiology 1999, 15, 643 -648.

AMA Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín, José Manuel Martínez Nieto, Miguel Angel Ruiz Jiménez, José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz, M. Carmen Díaz Vázquez, Yamin Chocrón Fernández, Miguel Angel Rendón Gómez, Carmen Cano Fernández. Unhealthy eating behaviour in adolescents. European Journal of Epidemiology. 1999; 15 (7):643-648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amelia Rodríguez Martín; José Manuel Martínez Nieto; Miguel Angel Ruiz Jiménez; José Pedro Novalbos Ruiz; M. Carmen Díaz Vázquez; Yamin Chocrón Fernández; Miguel Angel Rendón Gómez; Carmen Cano Fernández. 1999. "Unhealthy eating behaviour in adolescents." European Journal of Epidemiology 15, no. 7: 643-648.