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Dr. Donald Cole
University of Toronto

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0 Social Change
0 Mixed methods research
0 Worker Health
0 Agriculture ecosystems
0 health environment

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health environment

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Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Critical Dietetics
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a disruption which has posed challenges to food sector organizations. Yet it may also provide an opportunity for growth of and change in these organizations. Our aims were to describe the surge in demand and innovations introduced by a rural food distribution cooperative and to critically assess responses in light of organizational resilience literature. We chose an organizational case study approach with mixed methods. Data sources included: existing reports, newsletters, policies and quantitative indicators; and new stakeholder interviews (n=20). We describe: the development and nature of the cooperative; its consolidation and anticipatory planning; the March 2020 surge in orders (133/week in February to 205/wk in March); the prioritization of health and safety in modifying product receiving and delivery methods; the warehouse reorganization and product aggregation doubling to twice per week; the strains on employees and human resource challenges; yet the growing organizational resilience. We reflect on the small role of the cooperative in the inequitable agri-food system of the counties it serves, yet the strong role it plays with other food security oriented organizations in keep with its values. Further work, both research and practice development, can continue to explore the ways in which complex multi-stakeholder, not-for-profit, socially and environmentally principle food organizations can better navigate disruptions in the coming years, particularly in rural areas.

ACS Style

Jeannine Kralt; Donald Cole. Bouncing forward in challenging times. Critical Dietetics 2021, 5, 12 -19.

AMA Style

Jeannine Kralt, Donald Cole. Bouncing forward in challenging times. Critical Dietetics. 2021; 5 (3):12-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeannine Kralt; Donald Cole. 2021. "Bouncing forward in challenging times." Critical Dietetics 5, no. 3: 12-19.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Rural Ecuadorians are experiencing a double burden of malnutrition, characterized by simultaneous nutrient inadequacies and excesses, alongside the social and environmental consequences of unsustainable agriculture. Agriculture can support farmer nutrition by providing income for market purchases and through the consumption of foods from own production. However, the nutritional contributions of these food acquisition strategies vary by context. We surveyed smallholder women farmers (n = 90) in Imbabura province to assess the dietary contributions of foods obtained through market purchase, own production, and social economy among farmers participating in agroecology—a sustainable farming movement—and neighboring reference farmers. We found that foods from farmers’ own production and the social economy were relatively nutrient-rich, while market foods were calorie-rich. Consumption of foods from own production was associated with better nutrient adequacy and moderation, whereas market food consumption was associated with a worse performance on both. Food acquisition patterns differed between farmer groups: agroecological farmers obtained 44%, 32%, and 23% of their calories from conventional markets, own production, and the social economy, respectively, while reference neighbors obtained 69%, 17%, and 13%, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in this region, farmer nutrition is better supported through the consumption of their own production than through market purchases, and sustainable farming initiatives such as agroecology may be leveraged for healthy diets.

ACS Style

Ana Deaconu; Peter Berti; Donald Cole; Geneviève Mercille; Malek Batal. Market Foods, Own Production, and the Social Economy: How Food Acquisition Sources Influence Nutrient Intake among Ecuadorian Farmers and the Role of Agroecology in Supporting Healthy Diets. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4410 .

AMA Style

Ana Deaconu, Peter Berti, Donald Cole, Geneviève Mercille, Malek Batal. Market Foods, Own Production, and the Social Economy: How Food Acquisition Sources Influence Nutrient Intake among Ecuadorian Farmers and the Role of Agroecology in Supporting Healthy Diets. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Deaconu; Peter Berti; Donald Cole; Geneviève Mercille; Malek Batal. 2021. "Market Foods, Own Production, and the Social Economy: How Food Acquisition Sources Influence Nutrient Intake among Ecuadorian Farmers and the Role of Agroecology in Supporting Healthy Diets." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4410.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Food Policy
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Agroecology has received much attention as a sustainable production strategy that may leverage agriculture-nutrition linkages to positively impact farmer nutritional health, but its potential has not been thoroughly established through empirical assessment. This mixed methods study uses survey data from Ecuador to assess how farmers' participation in agroecological associations may impact their diets. Our results suggest that agroecological farmers outperform reference farming neighbors on both nutrient adequacy (i.e. meeting key nutrient needs) and dietary moderation (i.e. avoiding dangerous excesses). Stronger nutrient adequacy is likely related to agroecological farmers' higher production diversity as well as the social and human capital developed within their networks, while stronger dietary moderation is likely related to their greater consumption of foods obtained through own-production and the social economy (e.g. barter). Dietary differences between agroecological and reference farmers occur despite similar incomes and other socioeconomic characteristics, and in fact, agroecological farmers achieve healthier diets while spending less money to purchase foods. Agroecology-based famers' networks may thus hold promise for integrating nutritional health priorities into sustainable food systems.

ACS Style

Ana Deaconu; Peter R. Berti; Donald C. Cole; Geneviève Mercille; Malek Batal. Agroecology and nutritional health: A comparison of agroecological farmers and their neighbors in the Ecuadorian highlands. Food Policy 2021, 101, 102034 .

AMA Style

Ana Deaconu, Peter R. Berti, Donald C. Cole, Geneviève Mercille, Malek Batal. Agroecology and nutritional health: A comparison of agroecological farmers and their neighbors in the Ecuadorian highlands. Food Policy. 2021; 101 ():102034.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Deaconu; Peter R. Berti; Donald C. Cole; Geneviève Mercille; Malek Batal. 2021. "Agroecology and nutritional health: A comparison of agroecological farmers and their neighbors in the Ecuadorian highlands." Food Policy 101, no. : 102034.

Journal article
Published: 08 September 2020 in SSM - Population Health
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Social trust is an important driver of health seeking behaviours and plays a particularly important role for diseases that have a high degree of stigma associated with them, such as tuberculosis (TB). Individuals experiencing poverty also face additional social and financial barriers in accessing care for TB. We examined an active case finding (ACF) initiative embedded in a program targeting those living in poverty (Transform) implemented by International Care Ministries (ICM), a Philippine-based non-governmental organization (NGO), and analyzed how different forms of social trust may affect the initial uptake of ACF. Program monitoring data and a cross-sectional survey conducted at the beginning of Transform included six dimensions of social trust: satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with friendships, and level of trust in relatives, neighbours, religious leaders or church, and local government officials. Amongst individuals suspected of having TB who received referrals post-screening, multilevel modelling examined the effects of social trust on rural health unit (RHU) attendance. Among the subset of 3,350 individuals who received TB screening in 51 communities, 889 (26.5%) were symptom positive and required referral to the RHU, but only 24.1% of those who received referrals successfully attended the RHU. Multilevel regression analysis showed that for each unit increase on the Likert scale in baseline level of family satisfaction and level of trust in relatives, the odds of attending an RHU was 1.03 times (95% CI: 0.99, 1.07) and 1.06 times greater (95% CI: 1.00, 1.11), respectively, independent of other factors. These results suggest that social trust in family members could play a valuable role in addressing stigma and rejection, both cited as barriers to higher screening rates. It is recommended that ACF programs that target TB, or other diseases that are stigmatized, prioritize trust-building as an important component of their intervention.

ACS Style

Lincoln L.H. Lau; Natalee Hung; Warren Dodd; Krisha Lim; Jansel D. Ferma; Donald C. Cole. Social trust and health seeking behaviours: A longitudinal study of a community-based active tuberculosis case finding program in the Philippines. SSM - Population Health 2020, 12, 100664 .

AMA Style

Lincoln L.H. Lau, Natalee Hung, Warren Dodd, Krisha Lim, Jansel D. Ferma, Donald C. Cole. Social trust and health seeking behaviours: A longitudinal study of a community-based active tuberculosis case finding program in the Philippines. SSM - Population Health. 2020; 12 ():100664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lincoln L.H. Lau; Natalee Hung; Warren Dodd; Krisha Lim; Jansel D. Ferma; Donald C. Cole. 2020. "Social trust and health seeking behaviours: A longitudinal study of a community-based active tuberculosis case finding program in the Philippines." SSM - Population Health 12, no. : 100664.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Modern food systems generate social inequalities in the access to healthy food, but some families maintain behaviors that provide an alternative to these systems. Agroecological consumers (ACs) and non-agroecological direct market consumers (DMCs) are key actors in alternative food systems. We assessed the characteristics of ACs and DMCs using data from a representative sample of households in Ibarra, Quito and Riobamba (n = 2914). We also deepened the exploration of motivations for adopting these practices through mini-ethnographies with families who were identified as ACs or DMCs (n = 15). We found motivations related to personal health problems, food quality (e.g., taste, freshness), and safety (e.g., avoiding pesticides) to be key. Other motivations were price and community solidarity with farmers. Barriers included inconvenience, lack of awareness, and insecurity of market location. Using Chi-square tests, we found differences between ACs and DMCs on place of residence, education, employment, health, and diet. Controlling for socioeconomic and health variables using logistic regressions, we found DMC dietary habits to be similar to the remainder of the study population, except that they were less likely to eat processed foods less frequently (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.4–0.9). In contrast, ACs were more likely than the remainder of the study population to control their salt intake (3.2, 1.9–5.2) and have greater knowledge of nutrition labels (2.8, 1.7–4.6). They were more likely to eat traditional foods frequently (1.9, 1.1–3.3), fruit and vegetables daily (1.6, 1.0–2.8), and processed foods less frequently (2.7, 1.5–4.8). Hence, these two types of alternative food provisioning practices (AC and DMC) were adopted by different types of consumers, with heterogenous motivations and food consumption practices. These findings have implications for public health initiatives aiming to scale up the nutrition and ecological potential of alternative food systems.

ACS Style

Gabriel April-Lalonde; Sara Latorre; Myriam Paredes; María Hurtado; Fabián Muñoz; Ana Deaconu; Donald Cole; Malek Batal. Characteristics and Motivations of Consumers of Direct Purchasing Channels and the Perceived Barriers to Alternative Food Purchase: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Ecuadorian Andes. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6923 .

AMA Style

Gabriel April-Lalonde, Sara Latorre, Myriam Paredes, María Hurtado, Fabián Muñoz, Ana Deaconu, Donald Cole, Malek Batal. Characteristics and Motivations of Consumers of Direct Purchasing Channels and the Perceived Barriers to Alternative Food Purchase: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Ecuadorian Andes. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriel April-Lalonde; Sara Latorre; Myriam Paredes; María Hurtado; Fabián Muñoz; Ana Deaconu; Donald Cole; Malek Batal. 2020. "Characteristics and Motivations of Consumers of Direct Purchasing Channels and the Perceived Barriers to Alternative Food Purchase: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Ecuadorian Andes." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6923.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In the context of climate change, a nutritional transition, and increased pressures to migrate internally and internationally, this study examined the relationship between seasonal food insecurity and demographic, socioeconomic, and agricultural production factors among small-scale subsistence farmers in rural northern Honduras. Anchored by a partnership with the Fundación para la Investigación Participativa con Agricultores de Honduras (FIPAH) and the Yorito Municipal Health Centre, a cross-sectional household survey was administered in Yorito, Honduras, in July 2014. The study population included 1263 individuals from 248 households across 22 rural communities. A multivariate mixed effects negative binomial regression model was built to investigate the relationship between the self-reported number of months without food availability and access from subsistence agriculture in the previous year (August 2013–July 2014) and demographic, socioeconomic, and agricultural production variables. This study found a lengthier ‘lean season’ among surveyed household than previously documented in Honduras. Overall, 62.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): [59.52, 64.87]) of individuals experienced at least four months of insufficient food in the previous year. Individuals from poorer and larger households were more likely to experience insufficient food compared to individuals from wealthier and smaller households. Additionally, individuals from households that produced both maize and beans were less likely to have insufficient food compared to individuals from households that did not grow these staple crops (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.83; 95% CI: [0.69, 0.99]). Receiving remittances from a migrant family member did not significantly reduce the prevalence of having insufficient food. As unpredictable crop yields linked to climate change and extreme weather events are projected to negatively influence the food security and nutrition outcomes of rural populations, it is important to understand how demographic, socioeconomic, and agricultural production factors may modify the ability of individuals and households engaged in small-scale subsistence agriculture to respond to adverse shocks.

ACS Style

Warren Dodd; Marvin Gómez Cerna; Paola Orellana; Sally Humphries; Margaux L. Sadoine; David Zombré; Kate Zinszer; Amy Kipp; Donald C. Cole. Factors Associated with Seasonal Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Subsistence Farming Households in Rural Honduras. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 706 .

AMA Style

Warren Dodd, Marvin Gómez Cerna, Paola Orellana, Sally Humphries, Margaux L. Sadoine, David Zombré, Kate Zinszer, Amy Kipp, Donald C. Cole. Factors Associated with Seasonal Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Subsistence Farming Households in Rural Honduras. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):706.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Warren Dodd; Marvin Gómez Cerna; Paola Orellana; Sally Humphries; Margaux L. Sadoine; David Zombré; Kate Zinszer; Amy Kipp; Donald C. Cole. 2020. "Factors Associated with Seasonal Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Subsistence Farming Households in Rural Honduras." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 706.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Rural and Remote Health
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RRH: Rural and Remote Health. Published article number: 5313 - Precarious patients: health professionals’ perspectives on providing care to Mexican and Jamaican migrants in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program

ACS Style

Donald C Cole; Janet E McLaughlin; Jenna L Hennebry; Michelle A Tew. Precarious patients: health professionals’ perspectives on providing care to Mexican and Jamaican migrants in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. Rural and Remote Health 2019, 19, 5313 .

AMA Style

Donald C Cole, Janet E McLaughlin, Jenna L Hennebry, Michelle A Tew. Precarious patients: health professionals’ perspectives on providing care to Mexican and Jamaican migrants in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. Rural and Remote Health. 2019; 19 (4):5313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donald C Cole; Janet E McLaughlin; Jenna L Hennebry; Michelle A Tew. 2019. "Precarious patients: health professionals’ perspectives on providing care to Mexican and Jamaican migrants in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program." Rural and Remote Health 19, no. 4: 5313.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2019 in Journal of Agromedicine
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Objective: To explore rural clinicians’ understanding of farmers’ mental health and well-being, current health services, and potential responses. Methods: Qualitative design, with semi-structured, taped interviews of five family physicians and four mental health nurses-counsellors practicing in rural Grey-Bruce counties, Ontario. Transcripts analysed with N-Vivo through iterative coding of emergent themes and mapping of relationships among themes. Results: Participating rural clinicians all expressed admiration for farmers. They shared insights around three main themes: 1) farming as a unique subculture; 2) farming involved both benefits and challenges for health; and 3) farmers rarely seek care. Clinicians need to take advantage of contact opportunities to ask about mental health. Several suggested ways to meet farmers where they are e.g. through better funding for house-farm calls and community events. Conclusion: Clinician responses to farmers’ mental health challenges include recognizing farmers’ distinct context. Complementary health promotion in conjunction with farm organizations is needed to reach farmers.

ACS Style

Donald C Cole; Madeleine C Bondy. Meeting Farmers Where They Are – Rural Clinicians’ Views on Farmers’ Mental Health. Journal of Agromedicine 2019, 25, 126 -134.

AMA Style

Donald C Cole, Madeleine C Bondy. Meeting Farmers Where They Are – Rural Clinicians’ Views on Farmers’ Mental Health. Journal of Agromedicine. 2019; 25 (1):126-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donald C Cole; Madeleine C Bondy. 2019. "Meeting Farmers Where They Are – Rural Clinicians’ Views on Farmers’ Mental Health." Journal of Agromedicine 25, no. 1: 126-134.

Research article
Published: 21 August 2019 in Tuberculosis Research and Treatment
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The results of a tuberculosis (TB) active case finding (ACF) program, implemented by International Care Ministries (ICM) in the Philippines, were examined to understand how the presence of physical symptoms might influence ACF outcomes among extreme low-income Filipinos. ICM health staff implemented symptom screening in villages and suspected cases were referred to the closest rural health unit (RHU) for TB testing. ACF was carried out in Mindanao and the Visayas, across 16 different provinces. All participants were interviewed pre/postprogram, and screening outcomes were collected. A multilevel regression model was constructed to explore the effect of factors on the likelihood of getting tested. A total of 4635 individuals were screened; 1290 (27.8%) were symptom positive and referred. From those referred, 336 (7.2%) were tested for TB and 53 (1.1%) were TB positive. “Cough for more than two weeks” was associated with a 1.09 (95% CI 1.01, 1.15) times increase in likelihood of getting tested. The finding that the presence of cough is associated with higher rate of testing suggests that individuals in these settings might not know or believe that the lack of cough does not equate to lack of TB infection. While technologies and screening algorithms give us the ability to refine the ‘supply’ side of the TB screening, addressing the knowledge gap should improve ‘demand’.

ACS Style

Siwon Lee; Lincoln Lau; Krisha Lim; Jansel Ferma; Warren Dodd; Donald Cole. The Presence of Cough and Tuberculosis: Active Case Finding Outcomes in the Philippines. Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2019, 2019, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Siwon Lee, Lincoln Lau, Krisha Lim, Jansel Ferma, Warren Dodd, Donald Cole. The Presence of Cough and Tuberculosis: Active Case Finding Outcomes in the Philippines. Tuberculosis Research and Treatment. 2019; 2019 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siwon Lee; Lincoln Lau; Krisha Lim; Jansel Ferma; Warren Dodd; Donald Cole. 2019. "The Presence of Cough and Tuberculosis: Active Case Finding Outcomes in the Philippines." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2019, no. : 1-9.

Original article
Published: 22 June 2019 in Journal of Occupational Health
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Aims Agate workers in Khambhat, India and their community members are exposed to high levels of silica dust and related diseases. Use of effective prevention practices remains low, prompting the need for effective interventions which increase the uptake of and investment in prevention practices. We sought: (a) to describe knowledge, self‐efficacy, and practices among a population of workers, their family members, and neighbors involved in or located close to agate processing; and (b) to explore which factors are related to use of prevention practices and willingness to invest in new dust control technologies. Methods A community survey was conducted to measure demographics, occupation and financial factors, knowledge, prevention practices, barriers, risk perceptions, and efficacy beliefs. Descriptive statistics were used and, among agate workers, hierarchical logistic regression explored predictors of prevention practice use and willingness to invest. Results Among 1120 respondents, approximately 44%, 35%, and 8% of workers, family members, and neighbors used prevention practices, respectively. Knowledge and risk perceptions were generally high, where efficacy beliefs were low. Workers who had high levels of education, worked at home, and had high efficacy beliefs were more likely to report using prevention practices and being willing to invest. Barriers to prevention practice use included financial barriers, and beliefs that prevention is ineffective and health is not at risk. Conclusions Interventions and future research should be designed to engage the community to improve preventive behavior, and implement affordable and effective dust control interventions in the agate industry.

ACS Style

Lindsey Falk; Paul Bozek; Lissa Ceolin; Marianne Levitsky; Om Malik; Jagdish Patel; Mercedes Sobers; Donald C. Cole. Reducing agate dust exposure in Khambhat, India: Protective practices, barriers, and opportunities. Journal of Occupational Health 2019, 61, 442 -452.

AMA Style

Lindsey Falk, Paul Bozek, Lissa Ceolin, Marianne Levitsky, Om Malik, Jagdish Patel, Mercedes Sobers, Donald C. Cole. Reducing agate dust exposure in Khambhat, India: Protective practices, barriers, and opportunities. Journal of Occupational Health. 2019; 61 (6):442-452.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindsey Falk; Paul Bozek; Lissa Ceolin; Marianne Levitsky; Om Malik; Jagdish Patel; Mercedes Sobers; Donald C. Cole. 2019. "Reducing agate dust exposure in Khambhat, India: Protective practices, barriers, and opportunities." Journal of Occupational Health 61, no. 6: 442-452.

Article
Published: 11 June 2019 in Higher Education
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Interuniversity global health partnerships are often between parties unequal in organizational capacity and performance using conventional academic output measures. Mutual benefit and reciprocity are called for but literature examining these concepts is limited. The objectives of this study are to analyse how reciprocity is practiced in international interuniversity global health partnerships and to identify relevant structures of reciprocity. Four East African universities and 125 of their international partnerships were included. A total of 192 representatives participated in key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically, drawing on reciprocity theories from international relations and sociology. A range of reciprocal exchanges, including specific, unilateral and diffuse (bilateral and multilateral), were observed. Many partnerships violated the principle of equivalence, as exchanges were often not equal based on tangible benefits realized. Only when intangible benefits, like values, were considered was equivalence realized. This changed the way the principle of contingency—an action done for benefit received—was observed within the partnerships. The values of individuals, the structures of organizations and the guiding principles of the partnerships were observed to guide more than financial gain. Asymmetry of partners, dissimilar perspectives and priorities, and terms of funding all pose challenges to reciprocity. In an era when strengthening institutions is considered crucial to achieving development goals, more rigorous examination and assessment of reciprocity in partnerships is warranted.

ACS Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk; Donald C. Cole; Mughwira Mwangu; Anastasia Nkatha Guantai; Christina Zarowsky. Reciprocity in international interuniversity global health partnerships. Higher Education 2019, 79, 395 -414.

AMA Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk, Donald C. Cole, Mughwira Mwangu, Anastasia Nkatha Guantai, Christina Zarowsky. Reciprocity in international interuniversity global health partnerships. Higher Education. 2019; 79 (3):395-414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk; Donald C. Cole; Mughwira Mwangu; Anastasia Nkatha Guantai; Christina Zarowsky. 2019. "Reciprocity in international interuniversity global health partnerships." Higher Education 79, no. 3: 395-414.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2019 in Globalization and Health
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Globalization and funding imperatives drive many universities to internationalize through global health programmes. University-based global health researchers, advocates and programmes often stress the importance of addressing health inequity through partnerships. However, empirical exploration of perspectives on why universities engage in these partnerships and the benefits of them is limited. To analyse who in international partner universities initiated the partnerships with four East African universities, why the partnerships were initiated, and what the international partners value about the partnerships. Fifty-nine key informants from 26 international universities partnering with four East African universities in medicine, nursing and/or public health participated in individual in-depth interviews. Transcripts were analysed thematically. We then applied Burton Clark's framework of "entrepreneurial" universities characterized by an "academic heartland", "expanded development periphery", "managerial core" and "expanded funding base", developed to examine how European universities respond to the forces of globalization, to interpret the data through a global health lens. Partnerships that were of interest to universities' "academic heartland" - research and education - were of greatest interest to many international partners, especially research intensive universities. Some universities established and placed coordination of their global health activities within units consistent with an expanded development periphery. These units were sometimes useful for helping to establish and support global health partnerships. Success in developing and sustaining the global health partnerships required some degree of support from a strengthened steering or managerial core. Diversified funding in the form of third-stream funding, was found to be essential to sustain partnerships. Social responsibility was also identified as a key ethos required to unite the multiple elements in some universities and sustain global health partnerships. Universities are complex entities. Various elements determine why a specific university entered a specific international partnership and what benefits it accrues. Ultimately, integration of the various elements is required to grow and sustain partnerships potentially through embracing social responsibility as a common value.

ACS Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk; Donald C. Cole; Anastasia Nkatha Guantai; Mughwira Mwangu; Christina Zarowsky. The international partner universities of East African health professional programmes: why do they do it and what do they value? Globalization and Health 2019, 15, 37 .

AMA Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk, Donald C. Cole, Anastasia Nkatha Guantai, Mughwira Mwangu, Christina Zarowsky. The international partner universities of East African health professional programmes: why do they do it and what do they value? Globalization and Health. 2019; 15 (1):37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk; Donald C. Cole; Anastasia Nkatha Guantai; Mughwira Mwangu; Christina Zarowsky. 2019. "The international partner universities of East African health professional programmes: why do they do it and what do they value?" Globalization and Health 15, no. 1: 37.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2019 in Challenges
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Work that addresses the cumulative impacts of resource extraction on environment, community, and health is necessarily large in scope. This paper presents experiences from initiating research at this intersection and explores implications for the ambitious, integrative agenda of planetary health. The purpose is to outline origins, design features, and preliminary insights from our intersectoral and international project, based in Canada and titled the “Environment, Community, Health Observatory” (ECHO) Network. With a clear emphasis on rural, remote, and Indigenous communities, environments, and health, the ECHO Network is designed to answer the question: How can an Environment, Community, Health Observatory Network support the integrative tools and processes required to improve understanding and response to the cumulative health impacts of resource development? The Network is informed by four regional cases across Canada where we employ a framework and an approach grounded in observation, “taking notice for action”, and collective learning. Sharing insights from the foundational phase of this five-year project, we reflect on the hidden and obvious challenges of working across scales, sectors, and sites, and the overlap of generative and uncomfortable entanglements associated with health and resource development. Yet, although intersectoral work addressing the cumulative impacts of resource extraction presents uncertainty and unresolved tensions, ultimately we argue that it is worth staying with the trouble.

ACS Style

Margot W. Parkes; Sandra Allison; Henry G. Harder; Dawn Hoogeveen; Diana Kutzner; Melissa Aalhus; Evan Adams; Lindsay Beck; Ben Brisbois; Chris G. Buse; Annika Chiasson; Donald C. Cole; Shayna Dolan; Anne Fauré; Raina Fumerton; Maya K. Gislason; Louisa Hadley; Lars K. Hallström; Pierre Horwitz; Raissa Marks; Kaileah McKellar; Helen Moewaka Barnes; Barbara Oke; Linda Pillsworth; Jamie Reschny; Dionne Sanderson; Sarah Skinner; Krista Stelkia; Craig Stephen; Céline Surette; Tim K. Takaro; Cathy Vaillancourt. Addressing the Environmental, Community, and Health Impacts of Resource Development: Challenges across Scales, Sectors, and Sites. Challenges 2019, 10, 22 .

AMA Style

Margot W. Parkes, Sandra Allison, Henry G. Harder, Dawn Hoogeveen, Diana Kutzner, Melissa Aalhus, Evan Adams, Lindsay Beck, Ben Brisbois, Chris G. Buse, Annika Chiasson, Donald C. Cole, Shayna Dolan, Anne Fauré, Raina Fumerton, Maya K. Gislason, Louisa Hadley, Lars K. Hallström, Pierre Horwitz, Raissa Marks, Kaileah McKellar, Helen Moewaka Barnes, Barbara Oke, Linda Pillsworth, Jamie Reschny, Dionne Sanderson, Sarah Skinner, Krista Stelkia, Craig Stephen, Céline Surette, Tim K. Takaro, Cathy Vaillancourt. Addressing the Environmental, Community, and Health Impacts of Resource Development: Challenges across Scales, Sectors, and Sites. Challenges. 2019; 10 (1):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margot W. Parkes; Sandra Allison; Henry G. Harder; Dawn Hoogeveen; Diana Kutzner; Melissa Aalhus; Evan Adams; Lindsay Beck; Ben Brisbois; Chris G. Buse; Annika Chiasson; Donald C. Cole; Shayna Dolan; Anne Fauré; Raina Fumerton; Maya K. Gislason; Louisa Hadley; Lars K. Hallström; Pierre Horwitz; Raissa Marks; Kaileah McKellar; Helen Moewaka Barnes; Barbara Oke; Linda Pillsworth; Jamie Reschny; Dionne Sanderson; Sarah Skinner; Krista Stelkia; Craig Stephen; Céline Surette; Tim K. Takaro; Cathy Vaillancourt. 2019. "Addressing the Environmental, Community, and Health Impacts of Resource Development: Challenges across Scales, Sectors, and Sites." Challenges 10, no. 1: 22.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2018 in Environmental Research
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Measurements of total blood Hg (tHg), often used as a proxy for methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations, are most commonly the focus of population-based studies. Data on Hg species in biomarkers can allow for a more nuanced characterization of environmental exposure sources and risk but their availability is limited, especially for newcomer populations. The purpose of the Metals in Newcomer Women (MNW) study was to address existing data gaps on metal concentrations and exposure sources in newcomer women (19–45 years) and to examine tHg, MeHg and inorganic Hg (iHg) in the blood of East and South Asian women recently arrived to Toronto. Study participants were recruited in 2015 (n = 211). Total Hg concentrations were determined using both ICP-Q-MS and isotope dilution (ID)-SPME-GC-ICP-MS. A sample subset (n = 76) was chosen for the analysis of blood MeHg and iHg concentrations (also using ID-SPME-GC-ICP-MS). Hierarchical regression models were used to assess associations between blood tHg concentrations and environmental exposure factors for MNW participants. For the sample subset, a log-linear model was used to examine associations between blood iHg and MeHg concentrations and fish consumption patterns. The geometric mean (GM) blood tHg concentration was 1.05 µg/L (95% CI: 0.88–1.25), which was elevated compared to Canadian-born women (GM: 0.57 µg/L; 95% CI: 0.49–0.66), in a specialized data analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). GM concentrations for iHg and MeHg were 0.21 µg/L (95% CI: 0.16–0.28) and 2.66 µg/L (95% CI: 2.00–3.55), respectively. Significant distal determinants associated with blood tHg concentrations were: level of educational attainment, having lived in a coastal/fishing community prior to arrival, and global region of origin. Use of iron supplements and consumption of higher mercury fish species were also associated with tHg concentrations in the fully adjusted model. The study results demonstrate that blood Hg concentrations in newcomer women are slightly elevated, with some individuals in exceedance of recommended concentrations for women of reproductive age. The consumption of fish species low in Hg is recommended for newcomer women, especially those who consume fish frequently.

ACS Style

C.L.S. Wiseman; A. Parnia; D. Chakravartty; J. Archbold; R. Copes; D. Cole. Total, methyl and inorganic mercury concentrations in blood and environmental exposure sources in newcomer women in Toronto, Canada. Environmental Research 2018, 169, 261 -271.

AMA Style

C.L.S. Wiseman, A. Parnia, D. Chakravartty, J. Archbold, R. Copes, D. Cole. Total, methyl and inorganic mercury concentrations in blood and environmental exposure sources in newcomer women in Toronto, Canada. Environmental Research. 2018; 169 ():261-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C.L.S. Wiseman; A. Parnia; D. Chakravartty; J. Archbold; R. Copes; D. Cole. 2018. "Total, methyl and inorganic mercury concentrations in blood and environmental exposure sources in newcomer women in Toronto, Canada." Environmental Research 169, no. : 261-271.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2018 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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ACS Style

Kate Mulligan; Josephine Archbold; Lauren E. Baker; Sarah Elton; Donald C. Cole. Toronto Municipal Staff and Policy-makers' Views on Urban Agriculture and Health: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2018, 8, 133 -156.

AMA Style

Kate Mulligan, Josephine Archbold, Lauren E. Baker, Sarah Elton, Donald C. Cole. Toronto Municipal Staff and Policy-makers' Views on Urban Agriculture and Health: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2018; 8 ():133-156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kate Mulligan; Josephine Archbold; Lauren E. Baker; Sarah Elton; Donald C. Cole. 2018. "Toronto Municipal Staff and Policy-makers' Views on Urban Agriculture and Health: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 8, no. : 133-156.

Editorial
Published: 03 July 2018 in Journal of Fungi
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Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page.Excerpt Adults and children living in many countries face a combined burden of infectious diseasesincluding fungal infections (for example, tinea capitis, recurrent vulvo-vaginal thrush, chronicpulmonary aspergillosis, candidemia)

ACS Style

Malcolm D. Richardson; Donald C. Cole. Special Issue “Fungal Burden in Different Countries”. Journal of Fungi 2018, 4, 80 .

AMA Style

Malcolm D. Richardson, Donald C. Cole. Special Issue “Fungal Burden in Different Countries”. Journal of Fungi. 2018; 4 (3):80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Malcolm D. Richardson; Donald C. Cole. 2018. "Special Issue “Fungal Burden in Different Countries”." Journal of Fungi 4, no. 3: 80.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Environmental Impact Assessment Review
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Transportation has significant direct and indirect impacts on health beyond the physical effects due to change in air quality or noise levels. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) analyzes a project or policy through a broad health lens. However, the practice of HIA varies widely with significant knowledge and data gaps. We aimed to summarize the current state of transportation HIAs, develop a framework of promising practices recommended for HIA practitioners within the transportation sector, and identify knowledge and data gaps in transportation HIA practice and science. This scoping review was designed using a systematic primary and grey literature search strategy to identify 158 transportation HIAs. Data extraction of descriptive and analytic information from the HIAs was completed and descriptive analyses conducted. Although transportation HIA practice varied within and between sectors and countries, there were some core similarities. Non-Governmental Organization funding of HIAs in the United States provided a significant boost to the HIA community of practice. We noted that most transportation HIAs conduct screening and scoping, but these steps were neither methodical nor clearly defined. Most HIAs included in this review also lacked quantitative assessment methods and did not perform evaluation of the HIA process or effectiveness. This scoping review demonstrated a need for greater rigour and clarity in transportation HIAs. We recommend several practice changes to improve HIA quality and credibility.

ACS Style

Faiza Waheed; Glenn M. Ferguson; Christopher A. Ollson; James I. MacLellan; Lindsay C. McCallum; Donald C. Cole. Health Impact Assessment of transportation projects, plans and policies: A scoping review. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2018, 71, 17 -25.

AMA Style

Faiza Waheed, Glenn M. Ferguson, Christopher A. Ollson, James I. MacLellan, Lindsay C. McCallum, Donald C. Cole. Health Impact Assessment of transportation projects, plans and policies: A scoping review. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2018; 71 ():17-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faiza Waheed; Glenn M. Ferguson; Christopher A. Ollson; James I. MacLellan; Lindsay C. McCallum; Donald C. Cole. 2018. "Health Impact Assessment of transportation projects, plans and policies: A scoping review." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 71, no. : 17-25.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Annals of Global Health
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There are many interuniversity global health partnerships with African universities. Representatives of these partnerships often claim partnership success in published works, yet critical, contextualized, and comparative assessments of international, cross-border partnerships are few. The objectives of this paper are to describe partnerships characterized as higher-value for building the capacity of four East African universities and identify why they are considered so by these universities. Forty-two senior representatives of four universities in East Africa described the value of their partnerships. A rating system was developed to classify the value of the 125 international partnerships they identified, as the perceived value of some partnerships varied significantly between representatives within the same university. An additional 88 respondents from the four universities and 59 respondents from 25 of the international partner universities provided further perspectives on the partnerships identified. All interviews were transcribed and analysed in relation to the classification and emergent themes. Thirty-one (25%) of the partnerships were perceived as higher-value, 41 (33%) medium-value, and 53 (42%) lower-value for building the capacity of the four focus universities. Thirteen (42%) of the higher-value partnerships were over 20 years old, while 8 (26%) were between 3 and 5 years old. New international partners were able to leapfrog some of the development phases of partnerships by coordinating with existing international partners and/or by building on the activities of or filling gaps in older partnerships. Higher-valued partnerships supported PhD obtainment, the development of new programmes and pedagogies, international trainee learning experiences, and infrastructure development. The financial and prestige value of partnerships were important but did not supersede other factors such as fit with strategic needs, the development of enduring results, dependability and reciprocity. Support of research or service delivery were also considered valuable but, unless education components were also included, the results were deemed unlikely to last. International partnerships prioritizing the needs of the focus university, supporting it in increasing its long-term capacity and best ensuring that capacity benefits realized favour the focus university are valued most. How best to achieve this so all partners still benefit sufficiently requires further exploration.

ACS Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk; Anastasia Nkatha Guantai; Mughwira Mwangu; Donald C. Cole; Christina Zarowsky. What Makes International Global Health University Partnerships Higher-Value? An Examination of Partnership Types and Activities Favoured at Four East African Universities. Annals of Global Health 2018, 84, 139 -150.

AMA Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk, Anastasia Nkatha Guantai, Mughwira Mwangu, Donald C. Cole, Christina Zarowsky. What Makes International Global Health University Partnerships Higher-Value? An Examination of Partnership Types and Activities Favoured at Four East African Universities. Annals of Global Health. 2018; 84 (1):139-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aaron N. Yarmoshuk; Anastasia Nkatha Guantai; Mughwira Mwangu; Donald C. Cole; Christina Zarowsky. 2018. "What Makes International Global Health University Partnerships Higher-Value? An Examination of Partnership Types and Activities Favoured at Four East African Universities." Annals of Global Health 84, no. 1: 139-150.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2017 in BMC Research Notes
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Sickness absence, work disability associated with illness or injury, is a major public health problem worldwide. Some studies have investigated determinants of sickness absence among workers with shorter job tenure, but have only focused on certain diagnostic groups. Although it is well established that job tenure has an inverse relationship with work injury rate, less is known about its association with sickness absence for other disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for incidence and duration of sickness absence according to diagnosis over a 7-year period. A dynamic cohort consisting of all permanent civil servants hired from 2005 to 2011 by the Goiania municipality-Brazil. Data of certified sickness absences longer than 3 days were analyzed. The incidence density was calculated per 1000 person-years in each ICD-10 category. The association between sickness absence and socio-demographic and occupational characteristics was examined using negative binomial regression models. 18,450 workers, mean age of 32 years, accumulated 14,909 episodes of sickness absence. Overall, the incidence density was 234.6 episodes per 1000 person years. Diagnostic groups with the highest incidence density of sickness absences were injuries (49.1), musculoskeletal disorders (31.3) and mental disorders (29.2). Factors predicting any sickness absence were female gender, older age, low education, being a health professional, multiple jobs and full-time employment. Mental health disorders were more common among education professionals, musculoskeletal disorders among blue collar workers and injuries among inspection workers. Prolonged time on sick leave was associated with male gender, older age groups, low education and income, blue-collar workers, more than one job contract and full time employment. These findings demonstrate a substantial sickness absentee burden and they provide relevant information for targeting prevention and health promotion policies to the most vulnerable occupational groups. The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3116-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

ACS Style

Ana Lucia M. Leao; Anadergh Barbosa-Branco; Marília D. Turchi; Ivan A. Steenstra; Donald C. Cole. Sickness absence among municipal workers in a Brazilian municipality: a secondary data analysis. BMC Research Notes 2017, 10, 773 .

AMA Style

Ana Lucia M. Leao, Anadergh Barbosa-Branco, Marília D. Turchi, Ivan A. Steenstra, Donald C. Cole. Sickness absence among municipal workers in a Brazilian municipality: a secondary data analysis. BMC Research Notes. 2017; 10 (1):773.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Lucia M. Leao; Anadergh Barbosa-Branco; Marília D. Turchi; Ivan A. Steenstra; Donald C. Cole. 2017. "Sickness absence among municipal workers in a Brazilian municipality: a secondary data analysis." BMC Research Notes 10, no. 1: 773.

Review
Published: 01 December 2017 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases
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More than 1·6 million people are estimated to die of fungal diseases each year, and about a billion people have cutaneous fungal infections. Fungal disease diagnosis requires a high level of clinical suspicion and specialised laboratory testing, in addition to culture, histopathology, and imaging expertise. Physicians with varied specialist training might see patients with fungal disease, yet it might remain unrecognised. Antifungal treatment is more complex than treatment for bacterial or most viral infections, and drug interactions are particularly problematic. Health systems linking diagnostic facilities with therapeutic expertise are typically fragmented, with major elements missing in thousands of secondary care and hospital settings globally. In this paper, the last in a Series of eight papers, we describe these limitations and share responses involving a combined health systems and public health framework illustrated through country examples from Mozambique, Kenya, India, and South Africa. We suggest a mainstreaming approach including greater integration of fungal diseases into existing HIV infection, tuberculosis infection, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and blindness health programmes; provision of enhanced laboratory capacity to detect fungal diseases with associated surveillance systems; procurement and distribution of low-cost, high-quality antifungal medicines; and concomitant integration of fungal disease into training of the health workforce.

ACS Style

Donald C Cole; Nelesh P Govender; Arunaloke Chakrabarti; Jahit Sacarlal; David Denning. Improvement of fungal disease identification and management: combined health systems and public health approaches. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2017, 17, e412 -e419.

AMA Style

Donald C Cole, Nelesh P Govender, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Jahit Sacarlal, David Denning. Improvement of fungal disease identification and management: combined health systems and public health approaches. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2017; 17 (12):e412-e419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donald C Cole; Nelesh P Govender; Arunaloke Chakrabarti; Jahit Sacarlal; David Denning. 2017. "Improvement of fungal disease identification and management: combined health systems and public health approaches." The Lancet Infectious Diseases 17, no. 12: e412-e419.