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Mrs. Irena Rajković
University of Montenegro, Faculty of Architecture, Podgorica

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0 Architecture
0 Energy Efficiency
0 Sustainability
0 Vernacular architecture
0 Culthural Heritage

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Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Old load-bearing masonry buildings exist all around the world. The cultural and architectural heritage value of these buildings and the consciousness of public opinion have led to a need for safeguarding and preservation policies for these architecturally valued buildings and urban aggregates. This paper provides the information on the constructive and structural details of the old buildings dating from the 12th to 19th century in the Bay of Kotor and discusses their seismic and dynamic behaviour, identifying structural fragilities and consequently their vulnerability. One factor that significantly influences the seismic vulnerability is the quality of workmanship, which has, in conjunction with the lack of maintenance of the buildings, increased the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry buildings in general. Masonry constructions represent an important part of Montenegrin Architectural Heritage. The existing heritage masonry buildings in the Bay of Kotor suffered major earthquakes with repairs ranging from minor repairs to partial rebuilding. No degree of seismic resistance to any potentially severe shaking levels has been determined for the surviving buildings. The lack of strategies, policies and actions by the institutions responsible for this domain in the course of the second half of the 20th century drove these buildings to the state of serious degradation. The adoption of intrusive and inadequate rehabilitation and conservation practices, using new materials and construction techniques on structural and nonstructural elements, has strayed away from traditional knowledge and practices. The main objective of this research is understanding the whole building process that underpins a historical construction, and building techniques and other methods applied in building the architectural and engineering structures constituting the present Historical Heritage in Montenegro.

ACS Style

Dušan Tomanović; Ljubo Marković; Nebojša Gadžić; Irena Rajković; Julija Aleksić; Tijana Tomanović. Seismic Evaluation and Methods of Rehabilitation of Old Masonry Buildings in the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3544 .

AMA Style

Dušan Tomanović, Ljubo Marković, Nebojša Gadžić, Irena Rajković, Julija Aleksić, Tijana Tomanović. Seismic Evaluation and Methods of Rehabilitation of Old Masonry Buildings in the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dušan Tomanović; Ljubo Marković; Nebojša Gadžić; Irena Rajković; Julija Aleksić; Tijana Tomanović. 2021. "Seismic Evaluation and Methods of Rehabilitation of Old Masonry Buildings in the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3544.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Sport Mont
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ACS Style

Svetislav G. Popovic; Sanja Paunovic Zaric; Irena Rajkovic; Irena Rajković. Analysis of Sports Halls in Terms of Eliminating Noise: Case Study on an Example in Podgorica, Montenegro. Sport Mont 2020, 18, 25 -31.

AMA Style

Svetislav G. Popovic, Sanja Paunovic Zaric, Irena Rajkovic, Irena Rajković. Analysis of Sports Halls in Terms of Eliminating Noise: Case Study on an Example in Podgorica, Montenegro. Sport Mont. 2020; 18 (1):25-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Svetislav G. Popovic; Sanja Paunovic Zaric; Irena Rajkovic; Irena Rajković. 2020. "Analysis of Sports Halls in Terms of Eliminating Noise: Case Study on an Example in Podgorica, Montenegro." Sport Mont 18, no. 1: 25-31.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2019 in Sustainability
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The Bay of Kotor, in its exceptional natural conditions, thanks to its geographical location and influenced by historical events, saw the development of rural settlements that are historically, artistically and culturally worthy of recognition. These stone settlements were acquired completely spontaneously, keeping the same pace as the settling, and transformed to some degree due to contemporary social movement and migration. Up until the middle of the 20th century, structures on the coastline in general were built by applying the same verified methods, which remained unchanged for centuries. Unreinforced stone walls as load-bearing vertical elements, coupled with wooden floor joists attached in a traditional way are typically present in the stone architecture of the Adriatic region and karst areas in general. The construction characteristics of the stone houses built in such a way meet all needs in terms of strength, thermal insulation, and are suitable for the coastal climate of this region. The fast-paced development in the past 50 years, the inadequate legal protection of residential buildings in the Bay of Kotor, poverty, and the new rich have brought about the devastation of not only buildings built in traditional architecture styles themselves, but also the urban landscape of the bay. Throughout the Bay of Kotor, buildings built in traditional architecture styles are nowadays more and more rare to see in their original shape—houses outside of cities but which display all characteristics of civic coastal houses and buildings free of rigid style rules, even though closely in contact with them. Regardless of efforts to preserve the heritage inherited by our ancestors, cultural monuments and houses referenced here deteriorate on a daily basis due to troubles and neglect.

ACS Style

Dušan Tomanović; Irena Rajković; Mirko Grbić; Julija Aleksić; Nebojša Gadžić; Jasmina Lukić; Tijana Tomanović. Houses Based on Natural Stone; A Case Study—The Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Sustainability 2019, 11, 3866 .

AMA Style

Dušan Tomanović, Irena Rajković, Mirko Grbić, Julija Aleksić, Nebojša Gadžić, Jasmina Lukić, Tijana Tomanović. Houses Based on Natural Stone; A Case Study—The Bay of Kotor (Montenegro). Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dušan Tomanović; Irena Rajković; Mirko Grbić; Julija Aleksić; Nebojša Gadžić; Jasmina Lukić; Tijana Tomanović. 2019. "Houses Based on Natural Stone; A Case Study—The Bay of Kotor (Montenegro)." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3866.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Architecture and Urban Planning
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Traditional architecture is one of the most important segments in the preservation and development of cultural identity. The Lake Skadar region abounds in examples of vernacular building activity that provide the clearest evidence of the creation of settlements and houses as a result of adaptation to natural environment. The study of vernacular architecture on the shores of Lake Skadar is related to the identification and potential evaluation of its local traditional features, as ecological building forms which express the principle of sustainability. Within the framework of research on vernacular architecture of this area, analysis is undertaken with the aim of defining guidelines for revitalizing traditional settlements in this region. In this respect the emphasis of this work is on recognizing the potential and possible directions in revitalization of cultural heritage of traditional settlements in keeping with the principles of sustainable development.

ACS Style

Irena Rajković; Marija Bojović. Revitalization of Traditional Architecture Towards Sustainable Development of the Skadar Lake Area. Architecture and Urban Planning 2016, 11, 32 -42.

AMA Style

Irena Rajković, Marija Bojović. Revitalization of Traditional Architecture Towards Sustainable Development of the Skadar Lake Area. Architecture and Urban Planning. 2016; 11 (1):32-42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irena Rajković; Marija Bojović. 2016. "Revitalization of Traditional Architecture Towards Sustainable Development of the Skadar Lake Area." Architecture and Urban Planning 11, no. 1: 32-42.